Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Study the role of oxygen vacancies and Mn oxidation states in nonstoichiometric CaMnO3-δ perovskite nanoparticles","authors":"E. K. Abdel-Khalek,&nbsp;E. A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Yasser A. M. Ismail","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06632-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06632-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the low cost and eco-friendly CaMnO_3-δ perovskite has been prepared by sol-gel method. Rietveld refinement of XRD data indicated that CaMnO_3-δ sample crystallized in orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. Further characterizations of this sample were performed employing TEM, SAED pattern, HR-TEM, and EDS elemental mapping. These measurements show that the CaMnO_3-δ sample has polycrystalline nature with high degree of crystallinity and all elements are homogeneously distributed. The oxidation states of Mn ions and the presence of oxygen vacancies in this sample were confirmed by XPS analysis. Optical studies revealed that CaMnO_3-δ sample has direct band gap energy (E_g) of 3.63 eV using UV–vis spectroscopy. Asymmetric magnetic hysteresis (M − H) loop in CaMnO_3-δ nanoparticles reveals that the presence of exchange bias phenomenon at room temperature. The present work provides the observation of pseudocapacitive behavior in CaMnO_3-δ nanoparticles. Furthermore, the presence of oxygen vacancies and Mn oxidation states in CaMnO_3-δ sample enhanced the charge storage capability by oxygen intercalation. These results prove that CaMnO_3-δ perovskite is a promising material for magnetic and energy-storage applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"461 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06632-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirulina-mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: an interdisciplinary study on antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties","authors":"Mohammad Aamir,&nbsp;Said Hassan,&nbsp;Amir Hamza Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrar,&nbsp;Sarah Sarwar,&nbsp;Khalid Mahmood,&nbsp;Nauman Khan,&nbsp;Duaa Abdullah Aljumaiah,&nbsp;Ali Hassan Aldiaram,&nbsp;Ammar Kamal Alameer,&nbsp;Abdulkhaliq Jassem Alsalman,&nbsp;Arshad Farid","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06649-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06649-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As nanotechnology advances and gets more integrated into several scientific domains, advantages are currently achieved. This is mainly due to the unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and the originality they bring to these applications. Particularly analytical chemistry, environmental sciences, and medicine. Nanotechnology has become one of the most interesting and advanced areas of research in this field. In the current work, the Au-NPs were synthesized using <i>Spirulina platensis</i>, as it holds qualities that can reduce inflammation and act as an antioxidant and also has a rich source of different types of proteins. The characterization process included UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The two cancer cell lines HepG-2 and A549 used for anticancer activity as well as DPPH, reducing power, total antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity in contradiction to many strains, were determined. Results indicated that the viability of the HepG2 and A549 tumor cell lines was around 92% and 87%, respectively, when exposed to a concentration of 100 µg of Au-NPs. However, at a concentration of 300 µg ml⁻¹, the Au-NPs showed huge toxicity, and the viability reached 31.45% for HepG2 and about 20.745% for A549. Similarly, the highest antioxidant activity was 70 ± 1.96 at a concentration of 300 µg ml⁻¹, and the lowest 40 ± 1.95 activity was recorded at a concentration of 50 µg ml⁻¹. 17 mm was the largest zone of inhibition that was shown against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Several important properties of Au-NPs biosynthesized from <i>Spirulina platensis</i> were demonstrated, including their anti- antioxidant, and anticancer activity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"749 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two sol-gel methods (via chlorides and nitrates) of synthesis: theory and experimental investigation of ceramic powders of Tb3+-doped Eu2O3","authors":"A. Valladares-Barrera,&nbsp;A. D. Alcantar-Mendoza,&nbsp;A. García-Murillo,&nbsp;Lilia M. Palacios-Lazcano,&nbsp;F. J. Carrillo-Romo","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06650-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06650-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For this research, two sol-gel methods (via chlorides and nitrates) using the Pechini variant assisted by epoxide were theoretically and practically established to obtain ceramic powders of europium oxide (Eu₂O₃) xerogels undoped and doped with different molar concentrations of the trivalent terbium ion (Tb³⁺: 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 mol %). This study aimed to determine if there would be differences or changes in the luminescent properties of the Eu³⁺, as well as in its morphological/structural properties, due to interaction with the Tb³⁺ ion. Through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, the formation of M-O-M bonds, typical of materials synthesized with rare-earth oxides, was demonstrated. The characteristic bands of the vibrational modes of Eu₂O₃ were observed by Raman studies using an argon laser at 532 nm. According to the results of the luminescence analysis, the materials exhibit the transitions ⁵D₀-⁵F₁, ⁵D₀-⁵F₂, ⁵D₀-⁵F₃, and ⁵D₀-⁵F₄, which are characteristic of the red/orange photoluminescence of the trivalent europium ion (Eu³⁺). XRD was used to determine the composition of the ceramic powders and to define the crystalline structures as cubic type. Finally, the micrographs were analyzed with SEM to compare the morphologies and obtain the average particle size.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Synthesis scheme of Eu₂O₃:Tb³⁺: (a) v ch and (b) v nt.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"627 - 646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Synthesis and characterization of Chitosan-Tamarind Gum-CaO nanoparticle hydrogels for improved adsorption of Alizarin Red-S Dye from aqueous solution: performance assessment and mechanistic insights”","authors":"Rahul,&nbsp;Vasudha Vaid,&nbsp;Komal Nandal,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Vikas Joshi,&nbsp;Paras Saini,&nbsp; Devanshi,&nbsp;Rajeev Jindal,&nbsp;Kuljit Kaur","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06651-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06651-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the development of highly efficient adsorbents for removal of Alizarin Red-S (ARS) dye from aqueous solutions using chemical crosslinking of chitosan (CH), tamarind gum (TG), and calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs). Various analytical techniques, including TGA, XRD, SEM, and FTIR, were employed to examine the interactions and morphological changes in the hydrogels. The adsorption capacity of CH-TG and CH-TG-CaO hydrogels was evaluated under different conditions, including adsorbent amount, contact time, pH, and temperature. The data fit well with the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacities (q_max) of 79.05 mg/g for CH-TG and 87.33 mg/g for CH-TG-CaO. A significant increase of approximately 9.38% in ARS adsorption was observed with CH-TG-CaO compared to CH-TG. Optimum adsorption was achieved at pH 7, with 360 min for CH-TG and 160 min for CH-TG-CaO. The highest removal efficiencies were 87.17% for CH-TG and 96.55% for CH-TG-CaO at an adsorbent amount of 0.25 g and 40 mg/L dye concentration at 30 °C and pH 7. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and thermodynamic results suggest the process is physical, exothermic, and spontaneous. The presence of -NH₂ groups in the hydrogels enhanced affinity for anionic dyes through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Thus, CH-TG and CH-TG-CaO hydrogels are promising and efficient adsorbents for environmental remediation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"717 - 736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Candida antarctica lipase immobilization in xerogels using an ionic liquid additive: enhanced esterification activity and thermal stability","authors":"Paloma Truccolo Reato,&nbsp;Adriele Sabrina Todero,&nbsp;Fabiana de Oliveira Pereira,&nbsp;Rogério Marcos Dallago,&nbsp;Marcelo Luis Mignoni","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06656-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06656-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) within xerogels synthesized through the sol-gel method was investigated, employing the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (C₈MI.Br) as an additive to enhance enzymatic performance. The optimization of enzyme mass and ionic liquid concentration, using a central composite experimental design, identified optimal conditions of 0.27 g/mL enzyme and 1.53% ionic liquid, yielding a maximum total esterification activity exceeding 500 U. Structural characterization, including BET surface area analysis and X-ray diffraction, confirmed the formation of a porous, amorphous matrix conducive to enzyme stability and activity. The incorporation of the ionic liquid significantly enhanced the xerogels’ thermal and operational stability. Residual esterification activity was maintained at approximately 80% after 100 days under refrigeration, and the xerogels exhibited reusability for up to eight catalytic cycles with residual activity above 50%. Furthermore, thermal stability assessments demonstrated superior resistance of the immobilized enzyme to elevated temperatures compared to its free counterpart. This study underscores the critical role of ionic liquids as additives, facilitating the formation of structurally optimized xerogels while preserving enzyme activity and stability. The findings suggest significant potential for industrial biocatalytic processes, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to enzyme immobilization for applications requiring enhanced catalytic performance and longevity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"737 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of doping strategy on the electrochemical performance of the hydrothermally prepared perovskite material","authors":"Soumaya Gouadria,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdullah,&nbsp;F. F. Alharbi,&nbsp;Salma Aman,&nbsp;Hafiz Muhammad Tahir Farid","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06638-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06638-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clean energy from renewable resources has attained more and more attention in recent years, because of this, there has been a shift in emphasis towards creating renewable, environmentally benign and economically viable alternatives to fossil fuels. However, finding an effective and long-term electrocatalyst for enabling OER in electrochemical water splitting is extremely sought after of this significant challenge. In this study, straightforward and efficient sonication method was employed to produce Sm-doped MnSnO₃ as an electrocatalyst for OER. Furthermore, electrocatalytic properties of Sm-doped MnSnO₃ was quite impressive, with least overpotential (η) of 210 mV needed to attain current density (C_d) of 10 mA cm⁻². In addition, Sm-doped MnSnO₃ electrocatalyst demonstrates least Tafel slope with value of 32 mV dec⁻¹. Further, Sm-doped MnSnO₃ electrocatalyst also exhibits remarkable stability and low impedance characteristics, resulting in improved performance in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). These findings suggest that the current Sm-doped MnSnO₃ has great potential as an electrocatalyst for facilitating the OER in hydrogen energy production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"617 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sol-gel spin coating of ZnO thin films for hydrophobic and radiation resistant applications","authors":"Venkatesh Yepuri,&nbsp;Saravanan Sigamani,&nbsp;Veluri Swaminadham","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06652-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06652-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a significant demand for coatings that can withstand radiation in nearly every region globally, particularly where glass furnishings are utilized. These coatings are capable of reflecting radiation from the solar spectrum while also functioning as self-cleaning surfaces that eliminate pollutants from the glass. Nonetheless, scientists are persistently investigating methods to cost-effectively manufacture these coatings for application across diverse industries. This study focuses on the effective production of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films through sol-gel spin coating techniques, intended for application on glass surfaces. The goal is to enhance these surfaces with UV and IR reflection capabilities, alongside hydrophobic characteristics that repel water and promote a self-cleaning effect. The analysis via X-ray Diffractogram (XRD) demonstrated that the coating exhibited a hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO. The study conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) provided additional confirmation of the presence of Zn and O functional linkages at distinct wavenumbers, specifically 733 cm⁻¹ and 2896 cm⁻¹, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to analyze the thickness of the ZnO layer. The findings indicated the development of a slender layer measuring around 46 nm in thickness. Elemental analysis utilizing EDAX validated the detection of Zinc and Oxygen, with Zinc representing 32% of the atomic weight percentage and Oxygen comprising 68%. Furthermore, the coatings’ resistance to radiation was evaluated through ultraviolet visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR). The findings indicated that a mere single layer of Zinc Oxide was capable of reflecting 50% of ultraviolet light and 45% of infrared light. After conducting experiments with a goniometer, it was observed that the ZnO coating (500 °C) demonstrated hydrophobic property when in contact with a water droplet, showing a contact angle of ~120°.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Graphical abstract depicting the fabrication of ZnO thin films and the subsequent analysis of their properties.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"708 - 716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of withdrawal speed on the properties of CuO films deposited via sol-gel dip coating","authors":"Nur Amaliyana Raship,&nbsp;Siti Nooraya Mohd Tawil,&nbsp;Mohd Zainizan Sahdan,&nbsp;Nurliyana Mohamad Arifin","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06648-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06648-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for superior gas sensors has led researchers to increasingly focus on materials characterization, given its critical role in enhancing gas sensing capabilities. In this study, different withdrawal speeds were investigated on the properties of CuO films deposited using the sol-gel dip-coating technique. The findings revealed that the optimal conditions for the CuO film were achieved at a withdrawal speed of 70 mm/min. The XRD results indicated that all CuO films exhibits pure CuO phase resembling higher crystallinity and larger crystallite sizes. Surface morphology from FESEM analysis revealed more uniform surfaces and well-developed flower-like structures. For AFM results, topology images showed a smoother surface with low roughness. Surface profiler measurements observed that the film thickness have direct relationship toward withdrawal speeds, showing an optimal thickness and thinner films are at lower withdrawal speed. By utilizing the four-point probe, electrical resistivity measurements revealed a higher quality of structural and surface properties of films consequently led to a decrease in electrical resistivity. The results indicate that CuO films deposited at 70 mm/min have favorable features for gas sensor applications, highlighting the importance of withdrawal speed in optimizing film properties towards sensor performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"606 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of SrCeO3-ZnTe heterostructures on oxygen evolution reaction performance","authors":"Kareem Yusuf,&nbsp;Tauseef Munawar,&nbsp;Nadir Abbas,&nbsp;Iram Manzoor,&nbsp;Abdul Ghafoor Abid,&nbsp;Zobia Siddique,&nbsp;Jafar Hussain Shah","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06640-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06640-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen production through water splitting is considered a promising strategy to produce renewable energy to mitigate energy and environmental challenges simultaneously. However, the critical challenge is to overcome the difficulties associated with the rate-determining step of water splitting, which is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). New materials and strategies are highly demanded to overcome this vital issue. Considering the importance of the topic, in this study, we have synthesized a novel and cost-effective hetero-structured material (SrCeO₃-ZnTe) using a facile sonochemical and hydrothermal synthesis route to employ for OER. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were employed to study the structural and physicochemical properties of the as-prepared SrCeO₃-ZnTe. Compared to the individual electrocatalysts (SrCeO₃ and ZnTe), the heterostructure showed the ability of robust electron transferring and diffusion due to defective site interactions between ZnTe and SrCeO₃, as confirmed via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Thus, the SrCeO₃-ZnTe nanocomposite showed a lower overpotential of 310 mV and a smaller Tafel slope of 36 mV.dec⁻¹ and enhanced stability for 30 h without any significant losses in current density as confirmed via chronoamperometry. The remarkable OER performance of the synthesized heterostructure electrocatalyst was attributed to the synergistic effects of both individual ZnTe and SrCeO₃ acting synergistically in the heterostructure.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"592 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis strategy of CeO2 nanowires, WO3 nanoparticles and CeO2@WO3 nanocomposites by using (Azadirachta Indica) leaf extract: its surface defects, Ce3+/W5+ ratio for their enhanced antibacterial activity","authors":"Kanwal Javed,&nbsp;Sobia Kousar,&nbsp;Bushra Begum,&nbsp;Ali Rizwan,&nbsp;Yifan Liu,&nbsp;Zhenhao Cao,&nbsp;Xue Li","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06643-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06643-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presented the green synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO₂), tungsten oxide (WO₃) nanoparticles (NPs) and CeO₂/WO₃ nanocomposites (NCs) via simple precipitation method by using the leaf extract of the <i>Azadirachta Indica</i> (<i>A. indica</i>) plant. The morphological, structural, chemical composition, Ce³⁺/W⁵⁺ ratio and optical properties of all the synthesized samples were inspected by various techniques i.e. SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, UV-vis, contact angle, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and zeta potential (ζ). The formations of single phase of CeO₂ and WO₃ NPs were confirmed through structural examination and no impurity signals were detected. The estimated crystallite’s size for CeO₂ nanowires (NW) is ~2 nm with SD ± 0.1–0.2, for oval stone like (OS) WO₃ NPs, the size is ~9.8 nm with SD ± 0.2–0.5, while for the CeO₂/WO₃ NCs it is about ~5.5 nm with SD is ±0.1–0.3 respectively was studied by XRD. The samples were tested as an antibacterial agent against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), and it was confirmed that they had greater antibacterial effects as compared to the negative (-ve) control group (water) which showed no response (0%). The antibacterial effect of pure CeO₂ and WO₃ NPs was also compared with the CeO₂/WO₃ NCs and predicted that these NCs showed excellent antibacterial activity (100%) verses pure NPs (70–80%) at the same 0.2 mg/L concentration for <i>E. coli</i>. While against <i>S. aureus</i> strain the CeO₂/WO₃ NCs also showed (90%) antibacterial action at the lowest concentration (0.2 mg/L) but 100% as the concentration increases i.e. 0.5 mg/L due to difference in the bacterial strain as compared to the pure NPs which showed good response at 5 mg/L. Furthermore, the detailed mechanism and the characteristics properties of the pure green synthesized CeO₂, WO₃ NPs as well as CeO₂/WO₃ NCs behind their antibacterial effects specifically at lowest concentrations are rarely studied, therefore, in this paper we elaborated the mechanisms of these NPs and NCs distinctly which is important for the development of more effective and unique antibacterial materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"496 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}