Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1007/s10971-025-06665-0
Muhammad Zeshan, Salma Eman, Ahmed M. Fallatah, Mohamed M. Ibrahim, Abdulraheem SA Almalki, Muhammad Aslam, Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
This work conducts an experimental comparison of various binary transition metal selenides (BTMSe’s) to discover promising materials for supercapacitor (SCs) electrodes. Researchers are currently investigating the potential of selenide-based materials and their nanostructures in the realm of energy storage devices. Although, there is limited research examining the practicality of employing BTMSe’s as electrode materials. Herein, selenide-based materials such as MnSe, NbSe2 and their nanocomposite MnSe@NbSe2 were synthesized via the hydrothermal technique. Supercapacitors (SCs) with exceptional characteristics were observed, notably outstanding cycling stability exceeding 6000th cycle, specific energy (58.72 Wh kg−1), specific power (281 Wh kg−1), and specific capacitance (Csp) of 2079 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, as indicated by thorough analysis. There is a significant consensus in material synthesis methods and a plethora of new insights into the charge-storage process in emerging capacitive electrodes for future storage devices.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Facile fabrication of binary metal chalcogenides (MS@NS) for supercapacitors applications via hydrothermal route","authors":"Muhammad Zeshan, Salma Eman, Ahmed M. Fallatah, Mohamed M. Ibrahim, Abdulraheem SA Almalki, Muhammad Aslam, Zeinhom M. El-Bahy","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06665-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06665-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work conducts an experimental comparison of various binary transition metal selenides (BTMSe’s) to discover promising materials for supercapacitor (SCs) electrodes. Researchers are currently investigating the potential of selenide-based materials and their nanostructures in the realm of energy storage devices. Although, there is limited research examining the practicality of employing BTMSe’s as electrode materials. Herein, selenide-based materials such as MnSe, NbSe<sub>2</sub> and their nanocomposite MnSe@NbSe<sub>2</sub> were synthesized via the hydrothermal technique. Supercapacitors (SCs) with exceptional characteristics were observed, notably outstanding cycling stability exceeding 6000th cycle, specific energy (58.72 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>), specific power (281 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>), and specific capacitance (<i>C</i><sub>sp</sub>) of 2079 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, as indicated by thorough analysis. There is a significant consensus in material synthesis methods and a plethora of new insights into the charge-storage process in emerging capacitive electrodes for future storage devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"855 - 867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1007/s10971-025-06666-z
R. S. Gupta, Sachin Pandey, A. Ghosh, S. K. Sahoo, A. Rahaman, U. K. Goutam, S. Pandey, V. R. Singh
This study highlights the influence of various substrates on the structural integrity, phase purity, morphology, composition, magnetic properties, and electronic behavior of V2O5 thin films synthesized through chemical solution methods on Si (111), ITO-coated glass, and glass substrates. The amorphous and smooth surfaces of the films were found on glass substrates, while those on ITO-coated glass and Si (111) substrates displayed a polycrystalline nature, with crystallinity increasing from ITO-coated glass to Si. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the RMS roughness of the films, and morphology was conducted using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and also energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping for elemental characterization. To know the functional groups present in the samples, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed. The band gap, measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, ranged from 0.79 ± 0.01 to 0.9 ± 0.01 eV. The bulk magnetization measurements suggest that it exhibits ferromagnetic (FM) behavior with a saturation magnetization of 0.0–0.5 µB/cc. Core-level spectroscopy revealed that vanadium exists in a mixed oxidation state of 5+ and 4+. Findings from XPS, HR-SEM, and UV-Vis measurements confirm oxygen vacancies have a significant role in reducing the band gap and enhancing FM-like behavior in V2O5/Si films, which are also influenced by the films’ crystallinity and morphology. These results could pay great attention to the development of spintronic devices.
Graphical Abstract
本研究强调了不同基底对通过化学溶液法在硅 (111)、ITO 涂层玻璃和玻璃基底上合成的 V2O5 薄膜的结构完整性、相纯度、形貌、成分、磁性能和电子行为的影响。玻璃基底上的薄膜表面无定形且光滑，而 ITO 涂层玻璃和 Si (111) 基底上的薄膜则呈现多晶性质，从 ITO 涂层玻璃到 Si 的结晶度不断增加。原子力显微镜（AFM）证实了薄膜的均方根粗糙度，使用高分辨率扫描电子显微镜（HR-SEM）和能量色散光谱（EDS）绘制元素表征图进行了形貌分析。为了了解样品中存在的官能团，还使用了傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）。紫外可见光谱法测量的带隙范围为 0.79 ± 0.01 至 0.9 ± 0.01 eV。体磁化测量结果表明，它具有铁磁（FM）特性，饱和磁化率为 0.0-0.5 µB/cc。芯级光谱显示，钒以 5+ 和 4+ 混合氧化态存在。XPS、HR-SEM 和 UV-Vis 测量结果证实，氧空位在减小 V2O5/Si 薄膜带隙和增强类调频行为方面起着重要作用，而这些作用还受到薄膜结晶度和形貌的影响。这些结果对开发自旋电子器件具有重要意义。
{"title":"The effects of substrates on the structural, morphological, magnetic and electronic properties of V2O5 thin films","authors":"R. S. Gupta, Sachin Pandey, A. Ghosh, S. K. Sahoo, A. Rahaman, U. K. Goutam, S. Pandey, V. R. Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06666-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06666-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study highlights the influence of various substrates on the structural integrity, phase purity, morphology, composition, magnetic properties, and electronic behavior of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> thin films synthesized through chemical solution methods on Si (111), ITO-coated glass, and glass substrates. The amorphous and smooth surfaces of the films were found on glass substrates, while those on ITO-coated glass and Si (111) substrates displayed a polycrystalline nature, with crystallinity increasing from ITO-coated glass to Si. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the RMS roughness of the films, and morphology was conducted using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and also energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping for elemental characterization. To know the functional groups present in the samples, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed. The band gap, measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, ranged from 0.79 ± 0.01 to 0.9 ± 0.01 eV. The bulk magnetization measurements suggest that it exhibits ferromagnetic (FM) behavior with a saturation magnetization of 0.0–0.5 µB/cc. Core-level spectroscopy revealed that vanadium exists in a mixed oxidation state of 5+ and 4+. Findings from XPS, HR-SEM, and UV-Vis measurements confirm oxygen vacancies have a significant role in reducing the band gap and enhancing FM-like behavior in V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/Si films, which are also influenced by the films’ crystallinity and morphology. These results could pay great attention to the development of spintronic devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"837 - 844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06653-w
Mahdieh Mirzaei, Mohsen Shojaeifar, Mehdi Tajaldini
This investigation posits the development of an economically feasible graphite-based carbon electrode for use in hole transport-free perovskite solar cells. The weight ratio of graphite was systematically optimized, and the incorporation of copper sulfide nanoparticles was implemented to augment the electrical characteristics of the carbon-based electrode. Copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently combined with pre-prepared carbon paste to produce CuS-modified carbon electrodes. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit flower-like morphologies with crystalline nanosheets measuring approximately 30 nanometers. The influence of varying doping ratios of CuS nanoparticles on the electrical properties of carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cells was meticulously examined. The integration of CuS nanoparticles into the carbon electrode facilitates enhanced charge extraction, thereby resulting in increased current density within the perovskite solar cells. The suggested carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cell demonstrates adequate stability over a duration exceeding one year.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Effect of copper sulfide nanoparticle incorporation on cost-effective carbon-based hole-transport-free perovskite solar cells","authors":"Mahdieh Mirzaei, Mohsen Shojaeifar, Mehdi Tajaldini","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06653-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06653-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This investigation posits the development of an economically feasible graphite-based carbon electrode for use in hole transport-free perovskite solar cells. The weight ratio of graphite was systematically optimized, and the incorporation of copper sulfide nanoparticles was implemented to augment the electrical characteristics of the carbon-based electrode. Copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently combined with pre-prepared carbon paste to produce CuS-modified carbon electrodes. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit flower-like morphologies with crystalline nanosheets measuring approximately 30 nanometers. The influence of varying doping ratios of CuS nanoparticles on the electrical properties of carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cells was meticulously examined. The integration of CuS nanoparticles into the carbon electrode facilitates enhanced charge extraction, thereby resulting in increased current density within the perovskite solar cells. The suggested carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cell demonstrates adequate stability over a duration exceeding one year.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"845 - 854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06645-w
Adel El-marghany, Muhammad Khalil, Abdul Wahab Haroon, Fawad Ahmad, Ome Parkash Kumar, Abdul Ghafoor Abid, Shahroz Saleem, Zobia Siddique
The cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution is an essential substitute for the growing energy needs as well as to energy conversion devices. The CuCo2O4@NiMnO3 heterostructure is prepared by a one-step solvothermal method on stainless steel strip (SSS) support and was subsequently investigated for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The hydrothermally developed metallic oxide electrocatalysts were confirmed by using several techniques to investigate physical features. The integration of Cu and Co with bimetallic NiMnO3 has improved charge transfer capabilities by giving rise to active sites. The potential CuCo2O4@NiMnO3 electrocatalyst demonstrated an overpotential of 134 mV, a lowered Tafel slope of 26.17 mVdec−1, and a high turnover frequency of 0.06 s−1 at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. In addition, it shows that OER required a low operating potential of 1.48 V in 1 M KOH solution. Besides, CuCo2O4@NiMnO3 heterostructure displays optimal free energy prerequisite for reactant adsorption, a substantial electroactive surface area of 33.1 cm−2. Furthermore, it provides exceptional stability for 100 h in regulated electrolysis experiments with no discernible decrease in OER activity. This study offers a simple synthetic method for creating effective, low-cost, and binder-free electrocatalysts.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Activating design of tunable CuCo2O4@NiMnO3 heterostructure towards superior oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Adel El-marghany, Muhammad Khalil, Abdul Wahab Haroon, Fawad Ahmad, Ome Parkash Kumar, Abdul Ghafoor Abid, Shahroz Saleem, Zobia Siddique","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06645-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06645-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution is an essential substitute for the growing energy needs as well as to energy conversion devices. The CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@NiMnO<sub>3</sub> heterostructure is prepared by a one-step solvothermal method on stainless steel strip (SSS) support and was subsequently investigated for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The hydrothermally developed metallic oxide electrocatalysts were confirmed by using several techniques to investigate physical features. The integration of Cu and Co with bimetallic NiMnO<sub>3</sub> has improved charge transfer capabilities by giving rise to active sites. The potential CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@NiMnO<sub>3</sub> electrocatalyst demonstrated an overpotential of 134 mV, a lowered Tafel slope of 26.17 mVdec<sup>−1</sup>, and a high turnover frequency of 0.06 s<sup>−1</sup> at the current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. In addition, it shows that OER required a low operating potential of 1.48 V in 1 M KOH solution. Besides, CuCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@NiMnO<sub>3</sub> heterostructure displays optimal free energy prerequisite for reactant adsorption, a substantial electroactive surface area of 33.1 cm<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, it provides exceptional stability for 100 h in regulated electrolysis experiments with no discernible decrease in OER activity. This study offers a simple synthetic method for creating effective, low-cost, and binder-free electrocatalysts.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"804 - 818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06661-w
M. S. Hagag
The synthesis, characterization, and testing of new inorganic compounds as perspective adsorbents or ion exchangers are of significant importance. Magnesium fluoride is a well-known inorganic compound that is affordable and widely used in various scientific and industrial applications. A series of adsorption experiments have been conducted, including investigations of pH range, magnesium fluoride dose weights, initial concentration of the Rare earth elements (REEs) and adsorption time. An outstanding finding regarding magnesium fluoride as an adsorbent is that REEs were separated at pH 1 through ion exchange and at pH 4 through adsorption mechanisms, showing nearly identical uptake of 191 mg/g. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the REEs were adsorbed on magnesium fluoride with an uptake of 302.4 mg. The morphological traits of magnesium fluoride were characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Kinetically, the adsorption of REEs on magnesium fluoride aligns with the pseudo-second-order model and exhibits a theoretical loading capacity of 310 mg/g. What’s more, isothermally, the adsorption of REEs corresponds to the Langmuir model and predicts a theoretical uptake of 305 mg/g. Interference studies indicate that magnesium fluoride is a promising adsorbent and exhibits notable selectivity. The study suggested that magnesium fluoride has shown a higher saturation capacity compared to other Group IIA fluorides. From a sustainability perspective, magnesium fluoride has been sourced from the Mediterranean Sea. This approach achieved a REEs separation capacity of 308.7 mg/g after implementing all the optimum sol-gel magnesium fluoride adsorption conditions.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Outpacing sol-gel-prepared magnesium fluoride for rare earth element separation by mixed mechanisms over many second-group fluorides","authors":"M. S. Hagag","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06661-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06661-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthesis, characterization, and testing of new inorganic compounds as perspective adsorbents or ion exchangers are of significant importance. Magnesium fluoride is a well-known inorganic compound that is affordable and widely used in various scientific and industrial applications. A series of adsorption experiments have been conducted, including investigations of pH range, magnesium fluoride dose weights, initial concentration of the Rare earth elements (REEs) and adsorption time. An outstanding finding regarding magnesium fluoride as an adsorbent is that REEs were separated at pH 1 through ion exchange and at pH 4 through adsorption mechanisms, showing nearly identical uptake of 191 mg/g. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the REEs were adsorbed on magnesium fluoride with an uptake of 302.4 mg. The morphological traits of magnesium fluoride were characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Kinetically, the adsorption of REEs on magnesium fluoride aligns with the pseudo-second-order model and exhibits a theoretical loading capacity of 310 mg/g. What’s more, isothermally, the adsorption of REEs corresponds to the Langmuir model and predicts a theoretical uptake of 305 mg/g. Interference studies indicate that magnesium fluoride is a promising adsorbent and exhibits notable selectivity. The study suggested that magnesium fluoride has shown a higher saturation capacity compared to other Group IIA fluorides. From a sustainability perspective, magnesium fluoride has been sourced from the Mediterranean Sea. This approach achieved a REEs separation capacity of 308.7 mg/g after implementing all the optimum sol-gel magnesium fluoride adsorption conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"819 - 836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10971-024-06661-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1007/s10971-025-06667-y
Asad Ullah, Wasif ur Rehman, Alishba Zulfiqar, Areej Al Bahir, Refka Ghodhbani
This study aims to tackle the persistent issues in thin-film perovskite solar cells, focusing on stability, efficiency, and performance consistency. The motivation behind this research lies in the search of material which enhanced crystalline quality, and improved charge carrier dynamics to advance the current state of thin-film and device technology. By introducing aluminum (Al) doping in CsPbIBr2 perovskite films. X-ray diffraction confirms a cubic perovskite phase, with Al doping resulting in reduced FWHM values and increased crystal size, indicating enhanced crystalline quality. Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy reveals reduced bandgap energy from 2.09 to 2.01 eV with Al doping, promoting better photon absorption and carrier mobility. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements also show that the Al-doped material has a stronger PL peak intensity compared to the pure material. The ion replacement of Pb+2 with Al+3 causes the lifetime of the CsPbIBr2 film to increase from 2.87 to 3.39 ns, according to time-resolved PL measurements. The longer lifetime of the Al-doped device indicates that the carrier lifetime is extended due to a decrease in the trap densities. The study revealed that the dark-current density-voltage characteristics of the device significantly improved the performance of photovoltaic cells These electrical parameters efficiency, open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF) has increased from 9.05%, 1.14 V, 11.27 mA-cm−2, and 0.86 in the pure sample to 10.31%, 1.16 V, 12.36 mA-cm−2, and 0.90 in the Al-doped sample respectively. This improvement could be attributed to the reduced trap densities and improved charge carrier dynamics. This approach is novel as it leverages ion replacement to stabilize the perovskite structure while simultaneously enhancing its photovoltaic performance of solar cell.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"The influence of aluminum doping on the structural, optical, and electrical performance of CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell","authors":"Asad Ullah, Wasif ur Rehman, Alishba Zulfiqar, Areej Al Bahir, Refka Ghodhbani","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06667-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06667-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to tackle the persistent issues in thin-film perovskite solar cells, focusing on stability, efficiency, and performance consistency. The motivation behind this research lies in the search of material which enhanced crystalline quality, and improved charge carrier dynamics to advance the current state of thin-film and device technology. By introducing aluminum (Al) doping in CsPbIBr2 perovskite films. X-ray diffraction confirms a cubic perovskite phase, with Al doping resulting in reduced FWHM values and increased crystal size, indicating enhanced crystalline quality. Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy reveals reduced bandgap energy from 2.09 to 2.01 eV with Al doping, promoting better photon absorption and carrier mobility. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements also show that the Al-doped material has a stronger PL peak intensity compared to the pure material. The ion replacement of Pb<sup>+2</sup> with Al<sup>+3</sup> causes the lifetime of the CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> film to increase from 2.87 to 3.39 ns, according to time-resolved PL measurements. The longer lifetime of the Al-doped device indicates that the carrier lifetime is extended due to a decrease in the trap densities. The study revealed that the dark-current density-voltage characteristics of the device significantly improved the performance of photovoltaic cells These electrical parameters efficiency, open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>), short circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>), and fill factor (FF) has increased from 9.05%, 1.14 V, 11.27 mA-cm<sup>−2</sup>, and 0.86 in the pure sample to 10.31%, 1.16 V, 12.36 mA-cm<sup>−2</sup>, and 0.90 in the Al-doped sample respectively. This improvement could be attributed to the reduced trap densities and improved charge carrier dynamics. This approach is novel as it leverages ion replacement to stabilize the perovskite structure while simultaneously enhancing its photovoltaic performance of solar cell.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"559 - 572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06623-2
R. Balaji, Pandurangan Mohan, S. Vinoth, Ashwani Kumar, Thamraa Alshahrani, Mohd. Shkir
In this study, the co-precipitation method was employed to synthesize ZnO samples with varying Er concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, & 3 wt.%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with increased crystallite size of 60 nm for ZnO:Er 1 wt.%. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy validated the structural coordination and identified various organic functional groups within the framework of ZnO of all the prepared samples. The morphology of the prepared ZnO:Er samples, as observed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), revealed nanorod platelet-shaped grains with clear grain boundaries. The optical properties indicated a lower band gap of 3.25 eV for ZnO:Er1% sample. The analysis of light emission through photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy showed distinct peaks in the range of about 325–475 nm and at 615 nm. The ZnO sample containing 1% Er exhibited a more intense orange emission peak, which indicates a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies in the material. The response of the ZnO:Er1% sensor increased with higher ammonia concentrations, ranging from 50 to 250 ppm, and exhibited excellent stability over 50 days, indicating a strong interaction with the sensor. Among the fabricated ammonia gas sensors, ZnO:Er1% showed the maximum gas response of 403 at 250 ppm of NH3, with superior response and recovery times of 7.7 s and 8.0 s, respectively, at ambient temperature. This demonstrates the high potential of ZnO:Er1% for commercial gas sensing applications.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Improved gas sensing capabilities of ZnO:Er nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation method","authors":"R. Balaji, Pandurangan Mohan, S. Vinoth, Ashwani Kumar, Thamraa Alshahrani, Mohd. Shkir","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06623-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06623-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the co-precipitation method was employed to synthesize ZnO samples with varying Er concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, & 3 wt.%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with increased crystallite size of 60 nm for ZnO:Er 1 wt.%. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy validated the structural coordination and identified various organic functional groups within the framework of ZnO of all the prepared samples. The morphology of the prepared ZnO:Er samples, as observed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), revealed nanorod platelet-shaped grains with clear grain boundaries. The optical properties indicated a lower band gap of 3.25 eV for ZnO:Er1% sample. The analysis of light emission through photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy showed distinct peaks in the range of about 325–475 nm and at 615 nm. The ZnO sample containing 1% Er exhibited a more intense orange emission peak, which indicates a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies in the material. The response of the ZnO:Er1% sensor increased with higher ammonia concentrations, ranging from 50 to 250 ppm, and exhibited excellent stability over 50 days, indicating a strong interaction with the sensor. Among the fabricated ammonia gas sensors, ZnO:Er1% showed the maximum gas response of 403 at 250 ppm of NH<sub>3</sub>, with superior response and recovery times of 7.7 s and 8.0 s, respectively, at ambient temperature. This demonstrates the high potential of ZnO:Er1% for commercial gas sensing applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"790 - 803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06659-4
Tatiana N. Fursova, Nadezhda S. Sukhinina, Vladimir M. Masalov, Irina I. Zverkova, Gennadi A. Emel’chenko
The transformation of shell structure of the core-shell particles of poly(methyl methacrylate)-silica and hollow SiO2 particles undergoing heat treatment was studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy using deconvolution of absorption bands in the wavenumber range 400–650 cm–1. It was revealed that the changes in the IR absorption spectra during annealing were caused by structural transformation of the particles’ material due to its restructuring, including the formation of silica ring clusters of different sizes and changes of their ratio during annealing. The used method of the spectra deconvolution made it possible to consider in more detail the parameters and contributions of the vibration modes of such clusters to the absorption spectra of SiO2. A modified structure of a polysiloxane, synthesized through hydrolysis of trimethoxy(vinyl)silane, which represents a polymer chain of repeating fragments containing four- and three-fold (Si–O) rings linked by a bridging oxygen atom, is proposed. It has been found that skeletal vibrations of 6-fold (Si–O) rings combined with transverse optical and longitudinal optic vibration modes of the Si–O–Si bonds make the principal contribution to total IR absorption of the studied samples both in amorphous and in crystal silica structures obtained after annealing.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Evolution of cyclic clusters in SiO2 hollow particle shells during heat treatment","authors":"Tatiana N. Fursova, Nadezhda S. Sukhinina, Vladimir M. Masalov, Irina I. Zverkova, Gennadi A. Emel’chenko","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06659-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06659-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transformation of shell structure of the core-shell particles of poly(methyl methacrylate)-silica and hollow SiO<sub>2</sub> particles undergoing heat treatment was studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy using deconvolution of absorption bands in the wavenumber range 400–650 cm<sup>–1</sup>. It was revealed that the changes in the IR absorption spectra during annealing were caused by structural transformation of the particles’ material due to its restructuring, including the formation of silica ring clusters of different sizes and changes of their ratio during annealing. The used method of the spectra deconvolution made it possible to consider in more detail the parameters and contributions of the vibration modes of such clusters to the absorption spectra of SiO<sub>2</sub>. A modified structure of a polysiloxane, synthesized through hydrolysis of trimethoxy(vinyl)silane, which represents a polymer chain of repeating fragments containing four- and three-fold (Si–O) rings linked by a bridging oxygen atom, is proposed. It has been found that skeletal vibrations of 6-fold (Si–O) rings combined with transverse optical and longitudinal optic vibration modes of the Si–O–Si bonds make the principal contribution to total IR absorption of the studied samples both in amorphous and in crystal silica structures obtained after annealing.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"778 - 789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06657-6
Aya Talal Sami, Selma M. H. AL-Jawad, Natheer Jamal Imran, Karrer Alghazali
Pure, Fe-doped, Mn-doped, and Fe/Mn-co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 24 h to enhance the photocatalytic activity for degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometer, zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Every sample has anatase phase and tetragonal structure according to the pattern of XRD. It was noted that titanium dioxide when doped with manganese and iron, exerts a substantial influence on the crystallite size, lattice parameter, and energy band gaps of all specimens. Every sample has an anatase phase and tetragonal structure according to the pattern of XRD. The TiO2 pure and doping TiO2 with metal ions can hinder the particle’s crystal growth. An FE-SEM image presents homogeneous morphology with a spherical form. The calculated optical bandgap values derived from optical measurements are situated in the range of 3.2–2.2 eV. The TiO2 and doped TiO2 system has shown to be highly efficient in promoting the degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater as detected by a set of techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography (GC). All the specimens have high photocatalytic activity, but the Fe: Mn (3%, 3%) co-doped TiO2 showed the highest photocatalytic activity against degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants. Also, our study has proven that a single-doped and co-doped TiO2 catalyst is an effective and promising method in water treatment.
{"title":"Effect of single doping and dual doping with Mn and Fe on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Aya Talal Sami, Selma M. H. AL-Jawad, Natheer Jamal Imran, Karrer Alghazali","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06657-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06657-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pure, Fe-doped, Mn-doped, and Fe/Mn-co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 24 h to enhance the photocatalytic activity for degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometer, zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Every sample has anatase phase and tetragonal structure according to the pattern of XRD. It was noted that titanium dioxide when doped with manganese and iron, exerts a substantial influence on the crystallite size, lattice parameter, and energy band gaps of all specimens. Every sample has an anatase phase and tetragonal structure according to the pattern of XRD. The TiO<sub>2</sub> pure and doping TiO<sub>2</sub> with metal ions can hinder the particle’s crystal growth. An FE-SEM image presents homogeneous morphology with a spherical form. The calculated optical bandgap values derived from optical measurements are situated in the range of 3.2–2.2 eV. The TiO<sub>2</sub> and doped TiO<sub>2</sub> system has shown to be highly efficient in promoting the degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater as detected by a set of techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography (GC). All the specimens have high photocatalytic activity, but the Fe: Mn (3%, 3%) co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> showed the highest photocatalytic activity against degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants. Also, our study has proven that a single-doped and co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst is an effective and promising method in water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 3","pages":"762 - 777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1007/s10971-024-06605-4
P. Sailaja Kumari, D. Ravi Kumar, G. Vijaya Charan
In this study, Ni1-xMgxCr2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) spinel ferrites were synthesized using the citrate gel method, and their optoelectronic properties were investigated. The structural, morphological, optical, photocatalytic, and dielectric properties were systematically examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure, with lattice parameters varying according to Mg content. The crystalline size of the samples ranged from 6.7 to 20.23 nm, with the smallest crystalline size observed for Ni0.2Mg0.8Cr2O4 nanochromites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a uniform grain distribution and morphology changes with increasing Mg concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided insights into the metal-oxygen bond vibrations within the spinel structure. UV-visible spectroscopy showed the material’s optical band gap, which is crucial for its photocatalytic performance. The photoluminescent (PL) analysis demonstrated that all samples exhibited broad near-band-edge emission in the visible wavelength region (~570 nm). Photocatalytic activity was assessed by the degradation of methylene blue and acid red dyes under UV light, demonstrating enhanced activity with Mg substitution. Cytotoxicity analysis against the Hela cell line (a human cervical cell) was conducted to assess the anticancer activity with IC50 values calculated from the MTT assay. Antibacterial and anti-fungal activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens and two fungal pathogens was studied. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, loss, and AC conductivity was examined from room temperature to 400 °C. The dielectric constant and loss results for the samples aligned with the Maxwell–Wagner model, which is grounded in interfacial polarization, consistent with Koops’ theory. Dielectric studies indicated significant dielectric constants and loss tangents, highlighting the material’s potential for electronic applications.
Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Structural biological electrical and catalytic activity of Mg doped Ni nano chromites synthesized through citrate gel method","authors":"P. Sailaja Kumari, D. Ravi Kumar, G. Vijaya Charan","doi":"10.1007/s10971-024-06605-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-024-06605-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, Ni<sub>1-x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) spinel ferrites were synthesized using the citrate gel method, and their optoelectronic properties were investigated. The structural, morphological, optical, photocatalytic, and dielectric properties were systematically examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a single-phase spinel structure, with lattice parameters varying according to Mg content. The crystalline size of the samples ranged from 6.7 to 20.23 nm, with the smallest crystalline size observed for Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Mg<sub>0.8</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanochromites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a uniform grain distribution and morphology changes with increasing Mg concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided insights into the metal-oxygen bond vibrations within the spinel structure. UV-visible spectroscopy showed the material’s optical band gap, which is crucial for its photocatalytic performance. The photoluminescent (PL) analysis demonstrated that all samples exhibited broad near-band-edge emission in the visible wavelength region (~570 nm). Photocatalytic activity was assessed by the degradation of methylene blue and acid red dyes under UV light, demonstrating enhanced activity with Mg substitution. Cytotoxicity analysis against the Hela cell line (a human cervical cell) was conducted to assess the anticancer activity with IC50 values calculated from the MTT assay. Antibacterial and anti-fungal activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens and two fungal pathogens was studied. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, loss, and AC conductivity was examined from room temperature to 400 °C. The dielectric constant and loss results for the samples aligned with the Maxwell–Wagner model, which is grounded in interfacial polarization, consistent with Koops’ theory. Dielectric studies indicated significant dielectric constants and loss tangents, highlighting the material’s potential for electronic applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"113 2","pages":"296 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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