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Mild and efficient recovery of lithium-ion battery cathode material by deep eutectic solvents with natural and cheap components 采用天然廉价成分的深共晶溶剂温和高效地回收锂离子电池正极材料
Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.06.005
Yu Chen , Yanlong Wang , Yue Bai , Minghui Feng , Fengyi Zhou , Yanhong Lu , Yuting Guo , Yixuan Zhang , Tiancheng Mu

Dissolution of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) is the key step for the recovery of valuable metals (e.g., Co and Li) from spent LCO-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the dissolution process of LCO either needs toxic solvents, and high temperature, or shows low efficiency. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are potential green solvents to dissolve LCO. Here, DESs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as hydrogen bond acceptor and ascorbic acid (AA) as hydrogen bond donor are found to dissolve LCO with 84.2% Co leaching efficiency at 80 oC and 72 h, which is higher than that from the reported references by common DESs. Furthermore, both DESs components (i.e., PEG and AA) are cheap, biodegradable, and biocompatible. AA could be easily and abundantly extracted from natural fruits or vegetables. It provides a new guide for the green, mild, and efficient dissolution of LCO aiming at sustainable recovery of spent LIBs.

锂钴氧化物(LCO)的溶解是从废旧LCO基锂离子电池(LIBs)中回收有价值金属(如Co和Li)的关键步骤。然而,LCO的溶解过程要么需要有毒溶剂和高温,要么效率低。深共晶溶剂(DESs)是溶解LCO的潜在绿色溶剂。本文发现,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为氢键受体,抗坏血酸(AA)为氢键供体的DESs在80℃和72小时内可溶解LCO,Co浸出率为84.2%,高于常见DESs的参考文献。此外,DESs的两种成分(即PEG和AA)都是廉价的、可生物降解的和生物相容的。AA可以很容易地从天然水果或蔬菜中大量提取。它为LCO的绿色、温和和有效溶解提供了一个新的指南,旨在可持续回收废LIBs。
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引用次数: 19
Renewable non-edible oils derived long chain (C24.1) bio-based zwitterionic surfactant with ultralow interfacial tension between crude oil and formation brine 可再生非食用油衍生的长链(C24.1)生物基两性离子表面活性剂,具有原油与地层盐水之间的超低界面张力
Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.08.001
Homely Isaya Mtui , Fang-Hui Liu , Wei Wang , Jian-Qiao Lang , Shi-Zhong Yang , Bo-Zhong Mu

A new ultra-long chain monounsaturated 4-(N-nervonicamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium) butane sulfonate (NDAS) zwitterionic surfactant with ultralow interfacial tensions was developed through the modification of nervonic acid derived from renewable non-edible seed oils by a simple and effective method. Its structure was characterized by ESI-HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. NDAS surfactant exhibited a strong interfacial activity (∼10−4 mN/m) between the crude oil and the formation brine at a very low surfactant dosage (0.05 g/L) and at high salinity conditions, which is equivalent to 2% (w/w) of dosage of the most traditional surfactants used in the enhanced oil recovery field. Meanwhile, at a very low concentration (0.05 g/L), NDAS demonstrated strong NaCl compatibility up to 100 g/L, Ca2+ ions compatibility up to 200 mg/L, and temperature stability up to 90 °C. The surface tension, emulsification, and biodegradability parameters were also evaluated. This work consolidates our hypothesis that increasing the hydrophobic chain length of a surfactant certainly contributes to the high interfacial activity and good compatibility of salts and temperatures. Hence, it will facilitate the design of a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based chemicals to develop bio-based surfactants and extend the domain of bio-based surfactants to new applications such as in enhanced oil recovery (EOR).

以可再生非食用种子油为原料,采用简单有效的方法对神经酸进行改性,制备了一种新型的超长链单不饱和4-(N-神经酰胺丙基-N,N-二甲基铵)丁烷磺酸两性离子表面活性剂。通过ESI-HRMS、1H NMR和13C NMR对其结构进行了表征。在极低的表面活性剂用量(0.05 g/L)和高盐度条件下,NDAS表面活性剂在原油和地层盐水之间表现出很强的界面活性(~10−4 mN/m),这相当于提高采收率油田中使用的最传统表面活性剂剂量的2%(w/w)。同时,在极低浓度(0.05 g/L)下,NDAS表现出高达100 g/L的强NaCl兼容性、高达200 mg/L的Ca2+离子兼容性和高达90°C的温度稳定性。还评估了表面张力、乳化性和生物降解性参数。这项工作巩固了我们的假设,即增加表面活性剂的疏水链长度肯定有助于提高界面活性和盐与温度的良好兼容性。因此,它将有助于设计一种可持续的石油基化学品替代品,以开发生物基表面活性剂,并将生物基表面活化剂的领域扩展到新的应用,如提高采收率(EOR)。
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引用次数: 1
An efficient and safe platform based on the tube-in-tube reactor for implementing gas-liquid processes in flow 基于管中管反应器的高效安全的气液流动过程平台
Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.12.001
Caijin Zhou , Bingqi Xie , Junxin Chen , Yiwei Fan , Jisong Zhang

Recently, the continuous tube-in-tube reactor based on the Teflon AF membrane is emerging as a powerful toolkit for accelerating gas-liquid mass transfer and reaction rate. Because of its large gas-liquid interfacial area and short mass transfer distance, the reactor can allow a fast gas-liquid mass transfer without direct contact between gas and liquid phases, offering an efficient and safe platform for implementing gas-liquid reaction and rapid determination of gas-liquid parameters. In this review, a detailed description and construction method of this reactor are provided. Then, the recent advancements of the tube-in-tube reactor in fundamental studies and practical applications in gas-involved chemical reactions and biosynthetic processes are discussed. Finally, a perspective on future potential applications of such flow reactors is provided.

最近,基于Teflon AF膜的连续管中管反应器正在成为加速气液传质和反应速率的强大工具。由于其气液界面面积大、传质距离短,该反应器可以在气相和液相不直接接触的情况下实现快速的气液传质,为实现气液反应和快速确定气液参数提供了一个高效安全的平台。在这篇综述中,提供了该反应器的详细描述和施工方法。然后,讨论了管中反应器在气体化学反应和生物合成过程中的基础研究和实际应用方面的最新进展。最后,对这种流动反应器的未来潜在应用进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Type I photosensitizer based on AIE chromophore tricyano-methylene-pyridine for photodynamic therapy 基于AIE发色团三氰基亚甲基吡啶的I型光敏剂用于光动力治疗
Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.07.004
Chao Pan, Weijun Zhao, Xiaolei Zhao, Zhenxing Liu, Xiangyu Li, Yanting Lyu, Xupeng Wu, Zhirong Zhu, Wei-Hong Zhu, Qi Wang

Image guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines fluorescence tracing and phototherapy, which can achieve a more accurate and effective treatment effect. However, traditional photosensitizers are limited by the aggregation-caused fluorescence quenching (ACQ) effect and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a hypoxic environment, resulting in poor imaging and treatment effect. Herein, we report a tricyano-methylene-pyridine (TCM)-based Type I aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (TCM-MBP), the strong electron acceptance (D-A) effect extends the wavelength to near-infrared (NIR) region to reduce the autofluorescence interference, and oxygen atoms provide lone pair electrons to enhance the inter system crossing (ISC) rate, thereby promoting the generation of more triplet states to produce ROS. The AIE photosensitizer TCM-MBP exhibited low oxygen dependence, NIR emission, and higher ROS production compared to commercially available Ce 6 and RB. After encapsulation with DSPE-PEG2000, TCM-MBP nanoparticles (TCM-MBP NPs) could penetrate to visualize cells and efficiently kill cancer cells upon light irradiation. This study provides an oxygen-independent AIE photosensitizer, which has great potential to replace the commercial ACQ photosensitizers.

图像引导光动力疗法(PDT)结合了荧光追踪和光疗,可以达到更准确有效的治疗效果。然而,传统的光敏剂在缺氧环境中受到聚集引起的荧光猝灭(ACQ)效应和低活性氧(ROS)产生的限制,导致成像和治疗效果不佳。在此,我们报道了一种基于三氰基亚甲基吡啶(TCM)的I型聚集诱导发射(AIE)光敏剂(TCM-MBP),强电子接受(D-a)效应将波长扩展到近红外(NIR)区域以减少自发荧光干扰,氧原子提供孤对电子以增强系统间交叉(ISC)速率,从而促进产生更多的三重态以产生ROS。与市售的Ce 6和RB相比,AIE光敏剂TCM-MBP表现出低的氧依赖性、NIR发射和更高的ROS产生。用DSPE-PEG2000包封后,TCM-MBP纳米颗粒(TCM-MBP-NP)可以穿透以观察细胞,并在光照射下有效杀死癌症细胞。本研究提供了一种不依赖氧气的AIE光敏剂,它有很大的潜力取代商业ACQ光敏剂。
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引用次数: 1
Bifunctional Mo-doped FeCo–Se aerogels catalysts with excellent OER and ORR activities for electro-Fenton process 具有优异OER和ORR活性的双功能Mo掺杂FeCo–Se气凝胶催化剂用于电Fenton工艺
Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.11.003
Fengjiang Chen, Fan Yang, Sai Che, Hongchen Liu, Chong Xu, Neng Chen, Yankun Sun, Chunhui Yu, Zhijie Wu, Yongfeng Li

Antibiotic pollution in aqueous solutions seriously endangers the natural environment and public health. In this work, Mo-doped transition metal FeCo–Se metal aerogels (MAs) were investigated as bifunctional catalysts for the removal of sulfamethazine (SMT) in solution. The optimal Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se catalyst can remove 97.7% of SMT within 60 min (SMT content: 10 mg/L, current intensity: 10 mA/cm2). The unique porous cross-linked structure of aerogel confered the catalyst sufficient active sites and efficient mass transfer channels. For the anode, Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se MAs exhibits superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) property, with an overpotential of only 235 mV (10 mA/cm2). Compared with Fe1Co3 MAs or Mo0.3Fe1Co3 MAs, density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated that the better catalytic capacity of Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se MAs is attributed to the doping of Mo species and selenization lowers the energy barrier for the ∗OOH to O2 step in the OER process. Excellent OER performance ensures the self-oxygenation in this system, avoiding the addition of air or oxygen in the traditional electro-Fenton process. For the cathode, Mo doping can lead to the lattice contraction and metallic character of CoSe2, which is beneficial to accelerate electron transfer. The adjacent Co active sites effectively adsorb ∗OOH and inhibit the breakage of the O–O bond. Rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) test indicated that Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se MAs has an excellent 2e ORR activity with H2O2 selectivity up to 88%, and the generated H2O2 is activated by the adjacent Fe site through heterogeneous Fenton process to generate ·OH.

水溶液中的抗生素污染严重危害自然环境和公众健康。在本工作中,研究了Mo掺杂的过渡金属FeCo–Se金属气凝胶(MA)作为双功能催化剂去除溶液中的磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMT)。最佳的Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se催化剂可在60min内去除97.7%的SMT(SMT含量:10mg/L,电流强度:10mA/cm2)。气凝胶独特的多孔交联结构为催化剂提供了充足的活性位点和高效的传质通道。对于阳极,Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se-MAs表现出优异的析氧反应(OER)性能,过电位仅为235 mV(10 mA/cm2)。与Fe1Co3 MAs或Mo0.3Fe1Co3 MA相比,密度泛函理论(DFT)表明,Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se MAs更好的催化能力归因于Mo物种的掺杂和硒化降低了OER过程中*OOH到O2步骤的能垒。优异的OER性能确保了该系统的自氧化,避免了传统电芬顿工艺中添加空气或氧气。对于阴极,Mo掺杂可以导致CoSe2的晶格收缩和金属特性,这有利于加速电子转移。相邻的Co活性位点有效地吸附*OOH并抑制O–O键的断裂。旋转环盘电极(RRDE)测试表明,Mo0.3Fe1Co3–Se-MAs具有优异的2e−ORR活性,H2O2选择性高达88%,生成的H2O2通过非均相Fenton过程被相邻的Fe位点活化,生成·OH。
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引用次数: 1
Enhancing carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalysis by tuning metal-support interactions: a first principles study 通过调节金属-载体相互作用增强二氧化碳还原电催化:第一性原理研究
Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.08.003
Riming Hu , Yanan Yu , Yongcheng Li , Yiran Wang , Jiaxiang Shang , Xuchuan Jiang

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 is an extremely potential technique to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, but the development of electrocatalysts with high activity, excellent product selectivity, and long-term durability remains a great challenge. Herein, the role of metal-supports interaction (MSI) between different active sites (including single and bimetallic atom sites consisting of Cu and Ni atoms) and carbon-based supports (including C2N, C3N4, N-coordination graphene, and graphdiyne) on catalytic activity, product selectivity, and thermodynamic stability towards CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) is systematically investigated by first principles calculations. Our results show that MSI is mainly related to the charge transfer behavior from metal sites to supports, and different MSI leads to diverse magnetic moments and d-band centers. Subsequently, the adsorption and catalytic performance can be efficiently improved by tuning MSI. Notably, the bimetallic atom supported graphdiyne not only exhibits a better catalytic activity, higher product selectivity, and higher thermodynamic stability, but also effectively inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction. This finding provides a new research idea and optimization strategy for the rational design of high-efficiency CRR catalysts.

电化学还原CO2是实现碳中和目标的一项极具潜力的技术,但开发具有高活性、优异的产品选择性和长期耐久性的电催化剂仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此,不同活性位点(包括由Cu和Ni原子组成的单原子和双金属原子位点)与碳基载体(包括C2N、C3N4、N-配位石墨烯和石墨烯)之间的金属-载体相互作用(MSI)对催化活性、产物选择性,并通过第一性原理计算系统地研究了对CO2还原反应(CRR)的热力学稳定性。我们的结果表明,MSI主要与从金属位点到载体的电荷转移行为有关,不同的MSI导致不同的磁矩和d带中心。随后,可以通过调节MSI来有效地提高吸附和催化性能。值得注意的是,双金属原子负载的石墨炔不仅表现出更好的催化活性、更高的产物选择性和更高的热力学稳定性,而且有效地抑制了析氢反应。这一发现为高效CRR催化剂的合理设计提供了新的研究思路和优化策略。
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引用次数: 0
Highly efficient separation of benzene + cyclohexane mixtures by extraction combined extractive distillation using imidazolium-based dicationic ionic liquids 咪唑基双离子液体萃取-萃取-精馏高效分离苯+环己烷混合物
Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.07.003
Wanxiang Zhang , Wuji Zhao , Shuhang Ren , Yucui Hou , Weize Wu

Benzene (BEN) and cyclohexane (CYH), which have very close boiling points and a binary azeotrope, are the most difficult binary components in the separation of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons. This study further explored the separation mechanism and industrial application prospects of BEN ​+ ​CYH mixtures separated by a dicationic ionic liquid (DIL) [C5(MIM)2][NTf2]2 based on experimental research. The calculation results of the Conductor-like Screening model Segment Activity Coefficient (COSMO-SAC) model show that selectivity and solvent capacity of the DIL are significantly improved. The effects of different anions and cations on the microstructure distribution and diffusion behavior of BEN ​+ ​CYH system were investigated by quantum chemistry (QC) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results indicate that the anion [NTf2] has low polarity, uniform charge distribution, and a dual role of hydrogen bonding and π-π bonding, and the cation [C5(MIM)2]2+ has stronger interaction with BEN and higher selectivity than conventional cations. The liquid-liquid extraction and extractive distillation (LLE-ED) process using an optimized 65 mol/mol DIL ​+ ​35 mol/mol H2O mixed solution as the extractant was proposed, which solved the problem of low product purity in the LLE process and high energy consumption in the ED process. Under the best operating conditions, the purity of CYH product was 99.9%, the purity of BEN product was 99.6%, the recovery rate of BEN reached 99.9%, and the recovery rate of DIL reached 99.9%. The heat-integrated LLE-ED process reduced total annual cost by 21.6%, and reduced CO2 emissions by 48.0%, which has broad industrial application prospects.

苯(BEN)和环己烷(CYH)具有非常接近的沸点和二元共沸物,是芳烃和非芳烃分离中最困难的二元组分。本研究进一步探讨了苯的分离机理及工业应用前景​+​基于实验研究,通过二元离子液体(DIL)[C5(MIM)2][NTf2]2分离的CYH混合物。类导体筛选模型分段活性系数(COSMO-SAC)模型的计算结果表明,DIL的选择性和溶剂容量显著提高。不同阴离子和阳离子对苯甲酸微观结构分布和扩散行为的影响​+​通过量子化学(QC)计算和分子动力学(MD)模拟研究了CYH体系。结果表明,阴离子[NTf2]−极性低,电荷分布均匀,具有氢键和π-π键的双重作用,阳离子[C5(MIM)2]2+与苯的相互作用更强,选择性高于传统阳离子。使用优化的65mol/mol DIL的液-液萃取和萃取蒸馏(LLE-ED)工艺​+​提出了35mol/mol H2O混合溶液作为萃取剂,解决了LLE工艺中产品纯度低、ED工艺能耗高的问题。在最佳操作条件下,CYH产品纯度为99.9%,BEN产品纯度为99.6%,BEN回收率达到99.9%,DIL回收率达到99.9%.热集成LLE-ED工艺使年总成本降低21.6%,CO2排放量降低48.0%,具有广阔的工业应用前景。
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引用次数: 8
Hydrothermal carbonization pretreatment makes a remarkable difference in activation of rice and lettuce in food waste 水热碳化预处理对餐厨垃圾中的大米和生菜的活化效果有显著影响
IF 9.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2023.08.004

Cooked rice and the vegetables like lettuce are common kitchen waste, which are carbonaceous materials and have the potential as feedstock for the production of activated carbon. Cooking is similar to hydrothermal treatment (HTC), which might impact the subsequent activation of kitchen waste. In this study, the HTC of lettuce, rice, or their mixture and the activation of the resulting hydrochars were conducted. The results indicated that cross-polymerization between the N-containing organics from lettuce and the sugar derivatives from rice took place in their co-HTC, which significantly increased the hydrochar yield. Activation of the hydrochar from the co-HTC generated the AC with a yield of 2 times that from direct activation of mixed lettuce/rice. However, the co-HTC facilitated aromatization, reducing reactivity with K2C2O4 in activation and producing the AC with main micropores and low specific surface area. Activation of the hydrochar from HTC of rice followed the above trend, while that from lettuce was the opposite. The organics in lettuce were thermally unstable and could not undergo sufficient aromatization. The activation of hydrochar from HTC of lettuce thus generated the AC with the lowest yield, but the highest specific surface area (1684.9 m2/g), abundant mesopores, and superior capability for adsorption of tetracycline. However, the environmental impacts and energy consumption for the production of AC from the hydrochar of lettuce were higher than that from hydrochar of co-HTC.

煮熟的米饭和莴苣等蔬菜是常见的厨房垃圾,它们是碳质材料,有可能成为生产活性炭的原料。烹饪类似于水热处理(HTC),可能会影响厨余垃圾的后续活化。本研究对莴苣、大米或它们的混合物进行了水热处理,并对产生的水成碳进行了活化。结果表明,莴苣中的含氮有机物和大米中的糖衍生物在它们的共热处理过程中发生了交叉聚合,从而显著提高了水炭产率。活化来自共 HTC 的水炭产生的 AC 产量是直接活化莴苣/大米混合水炭产量的 2 倍。不过,共四氯化碳促进了芳香化,降低了活化过程中与 K2C2O4 的反应性,生成的 AC 主要有微孔,比表面积较低。水稻 HTC 水炭的活化遵循上述趋势,而莴苣则相反。莴苣中的有机物热不稳定,无法充分芳香化。因此,活化莴苣 HTC 中的水炭生成的 AC 产率最低,但比表面积(1684.9 m2/g)最高,中孔丰富,对四环素的吸附能力更强。不过,用莴苣水煤灰生产 AC 对环境的影响和能耗都高于用共四氯化碳水煤灰生产 AC。
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引用次数: 0
A review on the chemo-catalytic conversion of cellulose to bio-ethanol 纤维素化学催化转化为生物乙醇研究进展
IF 9.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2023.08.002

While the industry has produced sugar-derived ethanol from the conventional method of fermentation for hundreds of years, other effective routes involving the direct transformation of carbohydrates still remain extremely rare. Very recently, an innovative chemo-catalytic method driven by the aqueous-phase catalysis was created for the synthesis of cellulosic ethanol, making a great breakthrough in the common ways as it can theoretically utilize all of the carbon atoms in sugars with faster kinetics; up to now, results from the relevant studies have been accumulated to a certain extent, but the periodic conclusions in this field are unfortunately absent. For this reason, this work tries to offer an overview of the cellulosic ethanol produced by chemo-catalytic routes, highlighting the present knowledge in relation to the technical efficiency, catalytic mechanisms as well as practical applications. At first, the advanced progress on the increasing efficiency from a varied type of catalytic systems are extensively discussed, which involves the specific functions of hybrid components from different strategies; meanwhile, the general influences of processing conditions, such as the hydrothermal severity and aqueous environments, are also identified. Subsequently, possible mechanisms behind the chemo-catalytic processes are widely elaborated by analyzing a number of experimental cases associated with the reaction network and its kinetic models. After that, the actual effects of this technique on the real biomass are collected to identify the positive/negative interactions between multiple components, together with the potential solutions on the semi-continuous processes of pilot scale application. The techno-economic analysis (TEA) is also calculated and compared with other similar methods, such as fermentation and gasification. Finally, several proposals aimed at upgrading the whole chain of chemo-catalytic processes are clearly provided, which may function as a guideline for future studies on the production of bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic materials.

数百年来,业界一直采用传统的发酵法生产糖乙醇,但其他直接转化碳水化合物的有效途径仍然极为罕见。最近,一种由水相催化驱动的创新型化学催化方法被用于合成纤维素乙醇,这种方法在理论上可以以更快的动力学利用糖类中的所有碳原子,从而在普通方法上取得了重大突破;迄今为止,相关研究的成果已积累到一定程度,但遗憾的是,该领域还缺乏阶段性结论。因此,本研究试图概述通过化学催化路线生产纤维素乙醇的情况,重点介绍与技术效率、催化机制和实际应用有关的现有知识。首先,文章广泛讨论了各种类型催化系统在提高效率方面取得的先进进展,其中涉及不同策略中混合成分的特定功能;同时,文章还指出了水热严重程度和水环境等加工条件的一般影响。随后,通过分析与反应网络及其动力学模型相关的大量实验案例,广泛阐述了化学催化过程背后的可能机制。之后,收集了该技术对实际生物质的实际影响,以确定多种成分之间的正/负相互作用,以及在中试规模应用的半连续过程中的潜在解决方案。还计算了技术经济分析(TEA),并与发酵和气化等其他类似方法进行了比较。最后,还明确提出了几项旨在提升整个化学催化工艺链的建议,这些建议可作为今后利用木质纤维素材料生产生物乙醇的研究指南。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced termination of zinc and cadmium ions from wastewater employing plain and chitosan-modified mxenes: synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance 壳聚糖和壳聚糖改性mxenes对废水中锌和镉离子的增强封端:合成、表征和吸附性能
IF 9.1 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2023.08.003

Zinc and cadmium pollutants cause a significant environmental effect that cannot be ignored. Due to their considerable amount in an aqueous environment, industries are seeking suitable adsorbents that are environmentally friendly and inexpensive for removing metals from wastewater before disposing of them in surface waters. This research employed original MXene (MX) and chitosan-modified MXene (CSMX) to extract zinc (Zn(II)) and cadmium (Cd(II)) metal ions from water-based solutions. The composite material produced was analyzed using techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The effects of contact duration, pH of the solution, and initial concentration of metal ions on the adsorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) onto both MX and CSMX composites were investigated. MX and prepared CSMX composite presented a high adsorption capacity for both studied heavy metals, which were 91.55 and 73.82 mg/g for Zn(II) and Cd(II) onto MX, 106.84 and 93.07 mg/g for Cd(II) and Zn(II) onto CSMX composite, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum competitive adsorption capacities for Zn(II) onto MX and CSMX composites are 77.29 and 93.47 mg/g, and for are Cd(II) 60.30 and 79.66 mg/g, respectively. Hence, the removal capacities for both single and competitive metal ions were superior to CSMX composite. However, the adsorption capacities after five successive regeneration sequences were only dropped by 13.2% for Zn(II) and 17.4% for Cd(II) onto the CSMX composite compared to the first cycle. These results confirm that both metals could be efficiently terminated from wastewater, which makes the prepared CSMX composite a favorable candidate adsorbent in practical applications.

锌和镉污染物对环境的影响不容忽视。由于锌和镉在水环境中的含量相当大,各行各业都在寻找既环保又廉价的合适吸附剂,以便在将金属排入地表水之前将其从废水中去除。本研究采用原始 MXene(MX)和壳聚糖改性 MXene(CSMX)从水基溶液中提取锌(Zn(II))和镉(Cd(II))金属离子。利用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和布鲁瑙尔-艾美特-泰勒 (BET) 等技术对制备的复合材料进行了分析。研究了接触时间、溶液 pH 值和金属离子初始浓度对 MX 和 CSMX 复合材料吸附 Zn(II) 和 Cd(II) 过程的影响。MX 和制备的 CSMX 复合材料对所研究的两种重金属都有很高的吸附容量,MX 对 Zn(II) 和 Cd(II) 的吸附容量分别为 91.55 和 73.82 mg/g,CSMX 复合材料对 Cd(II) 和 Zn(II) 的吸附容量分别为 106.84 和 93.07 mg/g。此外,MX 和 CSMX 复合材料对 Zn(II) 的最大竞争吸附容量分别为 77.29 和 93.47 毫克/克,对 Cd(II) 的最大竞争吸附容量分别为 60.30 和 79.66 毫克/克。因此,CSMX 复合材料对单一金属离子和竞争性金属离子的去除能力都更胜一筹。然而,与第一个循环相比,CSMX 复合材料在连续五个再生循环后对 Zn(II) 和 Cd(II) 的吸附能力分别只下降了 13.2% 和 17.4%。这些结果证实,废水中的这两种金属都能被有效地去除,这使得制备的 CSMX 复合材料在实际应用中成为一种有利的候选吸附剂。
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Green Chemical Engineering
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