Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978304
Hugo Santacruz-Reyes, L. García-Valdovinos, Hugo Jiménez-Hernández, Alan G. López-Segovia, O. Dominguez-Ramirez
This paper presents a dual-user teleoperation scheme to perform a collaborative task using n-DOF nonlinear manipulators as masters and slave. It consists on impedance controllers for the manipulators in order to achieve a desired dynamic behavior depending on the user's necessities. Moreover, to cope with the uncertainty in the slave, a sliding mode controller is introduced and a desired impedance model for the salve is chosen as the sliding surface. Since the slave teleoperator is in contact with a rigid environment, the slave controller requires a free of chattering control strategy, which makes first order sliding mode teleoperation control unsuitable. Then a higher order sliding mode based impedance controller is proposed to guarantee robust impedance tracking under constant, but unknown time delay. Therefore, a position scaling factor is incorporated to deal with the different workspaces among masters and slave. The validity of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated via simulations performed on a 3-DOF dual-user teleoperation system. The simulation setup includes a Phantom Premium 1.0, a Phantom Omni, a Catalyst-5 and communication channels which suffer from constant unknown time delays.
{"title":"Robust higher order sliding mode based impedance control for dual-user teleoperation under unknown constant time delay","authors":"Hugo Santacruz-Reyes, L. García-Valdovinos, Hugo Jiménez-Hernández, Alan G. López-Segovia, O. Dominguez-Ramirez","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a dual-user teleoperation scheme to perform a collaborative task using n-DOF nonlinear manipulators as masters and slave. It consists on impedance controllers for the manipulators in order to achieve a desired dynamic behavior depending on the user's necessities. Moreover, to cope with the uncertainty in the slave, a sliding mode controller is introduced and a desired impedance model for the salve is chosen as the sliding surface. Since the slave teleoperator is in contact with a rigid environment, the slave controller requires a free of chattering control strategy, which makes first order sliding mode teleoperation control unsuitable. Then a higher order sliding mode based impedance controller is proposed to guarantee robust impedance tracking under constant, but unknown time delay. Therefore, a position scaling factor is incorporated to deal with the different workspaces among masters and slave. The validity of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated via simulations performed on a 3-DOF dual-user teleoperation system. The simulation setup includes a Phantom Premium 1.0, a Phantom Omni, a Catalyst-5 and communication channels which suffer from constant unknown time delays.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80434404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978328
J. Anzurez-Marín, E. Espinosa-Juárez, B. Castillo-Toledo
In this paper results of the application of a hybrid Fault Detection and Isolation scheme are presented. A Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is used to describe the system and a type of sliding mode observers are designed to estimate the system state vector; from this, the diagnostic signal-residual is generated by the comparison of measured and estimated output. Neural Networks are proposed in order to solve the fault isolation problem based on signal-residual. The faulted component is identified from the active signal-residuals by means of the application of the presented technique based on neural networks. This paper shows an application of the fault diagnosis technique, which was satisfactorily tested in a two-tank hydraulic system.
{"title":"Fault detection and isolation problem: Sliding mode fuzzy observers and neural networks","authors":"J. Anzurez-Marín, E. Espinosa-Juárez, B. Castillo-Toledo","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978328","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper results of the application of a hybrid Fault Detection and Isolation scheme are presented. A Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is used to describe the system and a type of sliding mode observers are designed to estimate the system state vector; from this, the diagnostic signal-residual is generated by the comparison of measured and estimated output. Neural Networks are proposed in order to solve the fault isolation problem based on signal-residual. The faulted component is identified from the active signal-residuals by means of the application of the presented technique based on neural networks. This paper shows an application of the fault diagnosis technique, which was satisfactorily tested in a two-tank hydraulic system.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"102 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80597646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978334
T. Zain, M. Aslam, Imran Mujaddid Rabbani, A. Enríquez
The prevalence of cloud computing has resulted in an increased number of services developed for the Web. Selecting an appropriate cloud service from amongst a lot of commonly featured available services has become very difficult particularly for non-IT users i.e. it is cumbersome for users to select a cloud service that is best suited to their requirements. Quality of service (QOS) is considered as one of the main criterion in the selection process. This paper focuses on cloud service selection method allowing users to specify their perception of quality criteria. Our approach is based on the data mining technique clustering which is an unsupervised learning technique. Developed algorithm classifies the cloud services into different number of groups based on selected quality attributes and ranks them accordingly. The research aims to assist every type of users for choosing a cloud service without engaging into any financial contract. In order to validate our approach of best service selection, we test our system with cloud vendors like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon.
{"title":"Cloud service recommender system using clustering","authors":"T. Zain, M. Aslam, Imran Mujaddid Rabbani, A. Enríquez","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978334","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of cloud computing has resulted in an increased number of services developed for the Web. Selecting an appropriate cloud service from amongst a lot of commonly featured available services has become very difficult particularly for non-IT users i.e. it is cumbersome for users to select a cloud service that is best suited to their requirements. Quality of service (QOS) is considered as one of the main criterion in the selection process. This paper focuses on cloud service selection method allowing users to specify their perception of quality criteria. Our approach is based on the data mining technique clustering which is an unsupervised learning technique. Developed algorithm classifies the cloud services into different number of groups based on selected quality attributes and ranks them accordingly. The research aims to assist every type of users for choosing a cloud service without engaging into any financial contract. In order to validate our approach of best service selection, we test our system with cloud vendors like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"127 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83961525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978281
A. Pérez-González, O. Begovich, J. Ruiz-León
This paper presents a simple method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to identify several parameters in a proposed mathematical model of a greenhouse prototype. These parameters are sought in order to approximate the real characteristics of a greenhouse physic prototype building in CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, by using the PSO to minimize a proposed error function, based on the estimation of the two more representative dynamics of the climate conditions inside the greenhouse: the air temperature and relative humidity. The implementation is carried out in an offline optimization schedule using real data recorded through the LabViewTM SignalExpress application, and a real-time implementation in a LabViewTM code to optimize the model in a sample-to-sample execution of the PSO. Validation shows a good agreement in a direct comparison with the real dynamic behavior of temperature and relative humidity measures inside the greenhouse prototype, as shown by the reached level of adaptation of the model through the several PSO tests under the best calibration conditions.
{"title":"Modeling of a greenhouse prototype using PSO algorithm based on a LabViewTM application","authors":"A. Pérez-González, O. Begovich, J. Ruiz-León","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978281","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to identify several parameters in a proposed mathematical model of a greenhouse prototype. These parameters are sought in order to approximate the real characteristics of a greenhouse physic prototype building in CINVESTAV Unidad Guadalajara, by using the PSO to minimize a proposed error function, based on the estimation of the two more representative dynamics of the climate conditions inside the greenhouse: the air temperature and relative humidity. The implementation is carried out in an offline optimization schedule using real data recorded through the LabViewTM SignalExpress application, and a real-time implementation in a LabViewTM code to optimize the model in a sample-to-sample execution of the PSO. Validation shows a good agreement in a direct comparison with the real dynamic behavior of temperature and relative humidity measures inside the greenhouse prototype, as shown by the reached level of adaptation of the model through the several PSO tests under the best calibration conditions.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78498948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978293
N. Cázarez-Castro, Y. Maldonado
In this paper a stable in Lyapunov sense closed-loop fuzzy control system is designed and hardware instrumented (embedded) in a FPGA, to solve the velocity regulation problem of a DC motor. The design process allow to minimize the size of the fuzzy rule-base and the number of membership function for each input-output variable. Moreover, the design process automatically gives the granulation of the input-output variables. The resulting FLC is targeted to a Xilinx Spartan 3A device using Xilinx foundation environment and Xilinx System Generator.
本文设计了一种稳定的李雅普诺夫感闭环模糊控制系统，并将其硬件嵌入到FPGA中，以解决直流电机的调速问题。设计过程允许最小化模糊规则库的大小和每个输入输出变量的隶属函数的数量。此外，设计过程自动给出了输入输出变量的粒化。使用Xilinx基础环境和Xilinx System Generator，生成的FLC针对Xilinx Spartan 3A设备。
{"title":"Design and hardware implementation of a closed-loop stable fuzzy controller","authors":"N. Cázarez-Castro, Y. Maldonado","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978293","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a stable in Lyapunov sense closed-loop fuzzy control system is designed and hardware instrumented (embedded) in a FPGA, to solve the velocity regulation problem of a DC motor. The design process allow to minimize the size of the fuzzy rule-base and the number of membership function for each input-output variable. Moreover, the design process automatically gives the granulation of the input-output variables. The resulting FLC is targeted to a Xilinx Spartan 3A device using Xilinx foundation environment and Xilinx System Generator.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82770145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978280
Jennifer Ladd-Parada, C. Alvarado-Serrano, J. M. Gutiérrez-Salgado
Along the electroencephalography signal one may identify several frequency intervals as well as negative and positive potentials which are related to conscience states (e.g. awake and asleep) and to neuronal processes such as the response to a variety of stimuli and their interpretation. The P300 is among the latter. The fact that these potentials are the result of the sum of several neurons activation, which are in turn shaped by cognitive processes, makes the EEG signal a good candidate for three types of non-linear analysis: DFA, sample entropy and phase synchronization. All 3 methods showed a higher information production rate and hemisphere synchronization for EEG segments containing P300, when applied to the recordings of 2 subjects from a BCI database. The most significant one was a γ=0.83 for the electrode pair PO3-PO4. Given that the differences between both studied patterns (visual ERP with and without P300), the measures obtained in this paper may be used as viable characteristics for the identification of such patterns.
{"title":"Analysis of P300 containing EEG through three non-linear methods","authors":"Jennifer Ladd-Parada, C. Alvarado-Serrano, J. M. Gutiérrez-Salgado","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978280","url":null,"abstract":"Along the electroencephalography signal one may identify several frequency intervals as well as negative and positive potentials which are related to conscience states (e.g. awake and asleep) and to neuronal processes such as the response to a variety of stimuli and their interpretation. The P300 is among the latter. The fact that these potentials are the result of the sum of several neurons activation, which are in turn shaped by cognitive processes, makes the EEG signal a good candidate for three types of non-linear analysis: DFA, sample entropy and phase synchronization. All 3 methods showed a higher information production rate and hemisphere synchronization for EEG segments containing P300, when applied to the recordings of 2 subjects from a BCI database. The most significant one was a γ=0.83 for the electrode pair PO3-PO4. Given that the differences between both studied patterns (visual ERP with and without P300), the measures obtained in this paper may be used as viable characteristics for the identification of such patterns.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83023216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978294
Mónica Vuelvas Trinidad, L. Reséndiz-Mendoza, V. Cabrera-Arenas, M. Estrada
We have fabricated polyfluorene-based polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs), in which a sol-gel TiOx layer introduced between the polymer and an eutectic alloy Woods metal cathode to increase device performance, maintaining low temperature and low cost fabrication process. The emission of the PFO/TiOx PLEDs showed a red shift of 11nm with respect to the PLEDs without TiOx.
{"title":"Polyfluorene-based light-emitting diodes using TiOx as an electron injection layer","authors":"Mónica Vuelvas Trinidad, L. Reséndiz-Mendoza, V. Cabrera-Arenas, M. Estrada","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978294","url":null,"abstract":"We have fabricated polyfluorene-based polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs), in which a sol-gel TiOx layer introduced between the polymer and an eutectic alloy Woods metal cathode to increase device performance, maintaining low temperature and low cost fabrication process. The emission of the PFO/TiOx PLEDs showed a red shift of 11nm with respect to the PLEDs without TiOx.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86916475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978265
Javier Osorio Figueroa, M. L. Aranda
Rotatory traveling wave oscillator (RTWO) is an innovative technique for gigahertz rate clock signal generation and distribution. However, the increment of metal levels in current manufacturing technologies also increases the parasitic elements of vertical interconnections (vias), leading to a degradation in the integrity of the signal of the RTWO. In this work the analysis and quantification of undesirable effects introduced by vias are presented. Simulations were performed using the simulation tools HFSS (high frequency structural simulator) and Mentor Graphics, for different technologies (350, 180 and 130nm). The simulation results of RTWO oscillators show a degradation in frequency response above 1GHz when the effect of the vias is considered and the RTWO is operating at 30GHz. In this way is verified that the performance of RTWO systems is affected by the vertical interconnections.
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of vias on resonant rotary traveling wave oscillators","authors":"Javier Osorio Figueroa, M. L. Aranda","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978265","url":null,"abstract":"Rotatory traveling wave oscillator (RTWO) is an innovative technique for gigahertz rate clock signal generation and distribution. However, the increment of metal levels in current manufacturing technologies also increases the parasitic elements of vertical interconnections (vias), leading to a degradation in the integrity of the signal of the RTWO. In this work the analysis and quantification of undesirable effects introduced by vias are presented. Simulations were performed using the simulation tools HFSS (high frequency structural simulator) and Mentor Graphics, for different technologies (350, 180 and 130nm). The simulation results of RTWO oscillators show a degradation in frequency response above 1GHz when the effect of the vias is considered and the RTWO is operating at 30GHz. In this way is verified that the performance of RTWO systems is affected by the vertical interconnections.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90075517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978278
Diana Alejandra Contreras Alejo, A. Ramírez-García, F. Funes, I. Bazán
This work focuses on the description of the system of mechanism for a electrical prosthesis. Considering system performance and system of transmission, both will allow to make the movements of the electrical prosthesis. The electrical prosthesis was designed to replace the function of the elbow joint of an upper limb. In the system of transmission is based on rotary motion since it is similar to the movements of the elbow joint which is flexion and extension, to carry out these movements were determined using the gears; of which were calculated to produce them, it is described in this work. On the other hand, the system performance was chosen by using the electrical actuators for high efficiency, high availability and variety of sizes. To be able to define our system of mechanism of a electrical prosthesis, it should be considered several criteria listed in this work, and finally the torque output was calculated to know how much weight can load the prosthesis designed.
{"title":"Proposal of a mechanism for an electrical elbow prosthesis","authors":"Diana Alejandra Contreras Alejo, A. Ramírez-García, F. Funes, I. Bazán","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978278","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the description of the system of mechanism for a electrical prosthesis. Considering system performance and system of transmission, both will allow to make the movements of the electrical prosthesis. The electrical prosthesis was designed to replace the function of the elbow joint of an upper limb. In the system of transmission is based on rotary motion since it is similar to the movements of the elbow joint which is flexion and extension, to carry out these movements were determined using the gears; of which were calculated to produce them, it is described in this work. On the other hand, the system performance was chosen by using the electrical actuators for high efficiency, high availability and variety of sizes. To be able to define our system of mechanism of a electrical prosthesis, it should be considered several criteria listed in this work, and finally the torque output was calculated to know how much weight can load the prosthesis designed.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90175079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-08DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978301
M. R. Herrera-Rivera, A. Maldonado-Alvarez, M. D. L. L. Olvera-Amador
Starting from a mixture of zinc acetate and potassium hydroxide, zinc oxide (ZnO) powders were prepared by the homogenous precipitation method. The powders were calcined at 800°C for 2h, and subsequently milled in a planetary ball milling during 8 h at a constant speed of 400 rpm. The crystalline phase was determined from X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the particles was analyzed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From XRD results the wurtzite structure of ZnO was corroborated. SEM images showed a homogenous distribution of the particle size, whereas from TEM analysis the particle size was determined with a higher precision. From the milled and calcined powders, a mixture of ZnO powders with alumina (Al2O3) was developed at different weight ratios for manufacturing 1 mm thick pellets. After measuring the sensing properties of undoped pellets, the [ZnO]/[Al2O3] ratio presenting the maximum sensitivity was taken as reference, and then, doped by impregnation pellets were manufactured to analyze the dopant effect. Three different dopants were used, namely, Cu, Ag, and Cr. The sensing properties of the pellets were tested in an atmosphere of propane, 500 ppm, and different operation temperatures, 200 and 300°C.
{"title":"Manufacture of Ag, Cr and Cu-doped ZnO pellets for gas sensor applications","authors":"M. R. Herrera-Rivera, A. Maldonado-Alvarez, M. D. L. L. Olvera-Amador","doi":"10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEE.2014.6978301","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from a mixture of zinc acetate and potassium hydroxide, zinc oxide (ZnO) powders were prepared by the homogenous precipitation method. The powders were calcined at 800°C for 2h, and subsequently milled in a planetary ball milling during 8 h at a constant speed of 400 rpm. The crystalline phase was determined from X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the particles was analyzed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From XRD results the wurtzite structure of ZnO was corroborated. SEM images showed a homogenous distribution of the particle size, whereas from TEM analysis the particle size was determined with a higher precision. From the milled and calcined powders, a mixture of ZnO powders with alumina (Al2O3) was developed at different weight ratios for manufacturing 1 mm thick pellets. After measuring the sensing properties of undoped pellets, the [ZnO]/[Al2O3] ratio presenting the maximum sensitivity was taken as reference, and then, doped by impregnation pellets were manufactured to analyze the dopant effect. Three different dopants were used, namely, Cu, Ag, and Cr. The sensing properties of the pellets were tested in an atmosphere of propane, 500 ppm, and different operation temperatures, 200 and 300°C.","PeriodicalId":6661,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91059759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：