This work presents a new generation of ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency direction-finding system. The architecture of such a system is based on phase interferometry and exploits all leading-edge technology solutions such as the direct sampling of the entire analog band or the introduction of Artificial Intelligence for the processing of incoming RF signals. Thanks to these new solutions, a minimum number of antennas is needed to cover a multi-octave band capable to operate in the so-called folded mode. The presented solution is based on four full-band EM interferometer antenna array. The same signal collected from each antenna, after a first analog treatment, is then digitized with different sampling frequencies to get the diversity required for solving the frequency ambiguity problem. The Machine Learning approach is then adopted to realize the direction of arrival estimation. Comparisons between standard processing techniques and ML approach confirm the effectiveness of the presented solution.
{"title":"Machine Learning Based Fully Digital UWB Antenna for Direction Finding Systems","authors":"Manna Antonio, Altilio Rosa, Bartocci Marco, Bia Pietro, Canestri Christian, Gaetano Domenico, Ardoino Riccardo","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704147","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a new generation of ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency direction-finding system. The architecture of such a system is based on phase interferometry and exploits all leading-edge technology solutions such as the direct sampling of the entire analog band or the introduction of Artificial Intelligence for the processing of incoming RF signals. Thanks to these new solutions, a minimum number of antennas is needed to cover a multi-octave band capable to operate in the so-called folded mode. The presented solution is based on four full-band EM interferometer antenna array. The same signal collected from each antenna, after a first analog treatment, is then digitized with different sampling frequencies to get the diversity required for solving the frequency ambiguity problem. The Machine Learning approach is then adopted to realize the direction of arrival estimation. Comparisons between standard processing techniques and ML approach confirm the effectiveness of the presented solution.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"25 1","pages":"745-746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88148153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704456
A. Azzawi, M. Rahim, O. Ayop, Y. M. Hussein
This paper presents the comparison between microstrip series feed patch antenna array and substrate integrated waveguide series feed antenna array with air vias. The CST studio simulation software is used for the simulation with Roger 5880 substrate where the dielectric permittivity of the substrate is 2.22 with a thickness of 0.508 mm and tangent loss of 0.0009. The antenna is designed to resonate at 26 GHz. Various parameters of the antenna have been investigated such as return loss, gain and radiation pattern. The technique to enhance the sidelobe level is also investigated by applying the air vias substrate that's achieved by penetrating at specific dimensions and distributed along line with the antennas by specific studied conditions.
{"title":"Substrate Integrated Waveguide Series Feed Patch Antenna at Millimeter wave for 5G application","authors":"A. Azzawi, M. Rahim, O. Ayop, Y. M. Hussein","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704456","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the comparison between microstrip series feed patch antenna array and substrate integrated waveguide series feed antenna array with air vias. The CST studio simulation software is used for the simulation with Roger 5880 substrate where the dielectric permittivity of the substrate is 2.22 with a thickness of 0.508 mm and tangent loss of 0.0009. The antenna is designed to resonate at 26 GHz. Various parameters of the antenna have been investigated such as return loss, gain and radiation pattern. The technique to enhance the sidelobe level is also investigated by applying the air vias substrate that's achieved by penetrating at specific dimensions and distributed along line with the antennas by specific studied conditions.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"47 1","pages":"841-842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86706424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704597
Wen Luo, Jinbo Liu, Zengrui Li, Jiming Song
The isosceles triangular interpolation based on the non-uniform grid is proposed to further speed up the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). The non-uniform grid is transformed into a uniform grid by using Lagrange polynomials. The interpolation errors of the second order isosceles triangular interpolation based on the non-uniform grid are analyzed. Numerical results show that the isosceles triangular interpolation is more efficient than the Lagrange interpolation.
{"title":"Error Analysis of Isosceles Triangular Interpolation for Non-uniform Grid","authors":"Wen Luo, Jinbo Liu, Zengrui Li, Jiming Song","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704597","url":null,"abstract":"The isosceles triangular interpolation based on the non-uniform grid is proposed to further speed up the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). The non-uniform grid is transformed into a uniform grid by using Lagrange polynomials. The interpolation errors of the second order isosceles triangular interpolation based on the non-uniform grid are analyzed. Numerical results show that the isosceles triangular interpolation is more efficient than the Lagrange interpolation.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"52 1","pages":"219-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86980633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704575
V. Rodriguez
Tapered chambers are mainly used to achieve an anechoic environment or free-space-simulated environment at frequencies below 700 MHz, where traditional rectangular chambers are not economically feasible. In this paper, the performance of the quiet zone of a tapered range is analyzed from 100 MHz to 1 GHz. The analysis shows that based on the phase distribution, the tapered chamber is a far field measurement. The analysis also shows that the performance is strongly dependent on the absorber surrounding the range antenna.
{"title":"Analysis of the Quiet Zone of Tapered Chambers","authors":"V. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704575","url":null,"abstract":"Tapered chambers are mainly used to achieve an anechoic environment or free-space-simulated environment at frequencies below 700 MHz, where traditional rectangular chambers are not economically feasible. In this paper, the performance of the quiet zone of a tapered range is analyzed from 100 MHz to 1 GHz. The analysis shows that based on the phase distribution, the tapered chamber is a far field measurement. The analysis also shows that the performance is strongly dependent on the absorber surrounding the range antenna.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"110 1","pages":"1729-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87030612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704501
Sheng-Jie Guo, Yan Cheng
In this paper, a broadband differentially fed circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna is designed. Combined with the field distribution of patch antenna, a double-layer differential microstrip feeding structure is proposed to form a circular polarization. The differential CP antenna works around 28.0 GHz, with a −10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3-dB impedance bandwidth of 13.2% and 7.0%, respectively. Within the achieved bandwidth, the radiation pattern has excellent conformality and symmetry. The height of the antenna is only $0.049lambda_{0}$ ($lambda_{0}$ is the operating wavelength at 29.0 GHz in the free space), achieving a low-profile design.
{"title":"Design of A Broadband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna With Differential Feeding","authors":"Sheng-Jie Guo, Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704501","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a broadband differentially fed circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna is designed. Combined with the field distribution of patch antenna, a double-layer differential microstrip feeding structure is proposed to form a circular polarization. The differential CP antenna works around 28.0 GHz, with a −10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3-dB impedance bandwidth of 13.2% and 7.0%, respectively. Within the achieved bandwidth, the radiation pattern has excellent conformality and symmetry. The height of the antenna is only $0.049lambda_{0}$ ($lambda_{0}$ is the operating wavelength at 29.0 GHz in the free space), achieving a low-profile design.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"25 1","pages":"1203-1204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77311254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703756
Shaker Alkaraki, J. Kelly, Zhengpeng Wang
This paper presents a moderately high directivity (~10 dBi) antenna having a reconfigurable radiation pattern. Specifically, the direction of the main beam can be altered. The radiation pattern control is achieved with the aid of a single-pole triple-through (SPTT) radio frequency (RF) switch. In turn the switch can be reconfigured with the aid of Gallium-based liquid metal. The proposed antenna operates at 5.8 GHz and it radiates in the End-fire direction with reconfigurable patterns in the azimuth plane. The proposed antenna and the SPTT switch are designed to operate on an RO4003 substrate and they are based around substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology.
{"title":"Reconfigurable Antenna Using Liquid Metal Vias","authors":"Shaker Alkaraki, J. Kelly, Zhengpeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703756","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a moderately high directivity (~10 dBi) antenna having a reconfigurable radiation pattern. Specifically, the direction of the main beam can be altered. The radiation pattern control is achieved with the aid of a single-pole triple-through (SPTT) radio frequency (RF) switch. In turn the switch can be reconfigured with the aid of Gallium-based liquid metal. The proposed antenna operates at 5.8 GHz and it radiates in the End-fire direction with reconfigurable patterns in the azimuth plane. The proposed antenna and the SPTT switch are designed to operate on an RO4003 substrate and they are based around substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"9 1","pages":"315-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85333485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704220
Maria El Bacha, F. Ferrero, L. Lizzi
A compact end-launcher with $30times 30$ mm terminal form factor enabling body area network (BAN) communication through a waveguide surface is proposed. It targets Bluetooth communication at 2.4 GHz for on-body communication. The wireless power transmission is studied in both planar and curved scenarios.
{"title":"Compact Waveguide Surface End-launcher Suitable for Wearable Body Area Network Terminals","authors":"Maria El Bacha, F. Ferrero, L. Lizzi","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704220","url":null,"abstract":"A compact end-launcher with $30times 30$ mm terminal form factor enabling body area network (BAN) communication through a waveguide surface is proposed. It targets Bluetooth communication at 2.4 GHz for on-body communication. The wireless power transmission is studied in both planar and curved scenarios.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"611 1","pages":"413-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85350571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704497
G. Oliveri, F. Zardi, M. Salucci, A. Massa
Innovative concepts and strategies for the design of reflectarray antennas are discussed in this work. More in detail, the synthesis of the antenna surface currents is addressed from an unconventional point-of-view, exploiting the inverse scattering (IS) theory and the non-uniqueness of the solution dictated by the existence of non-radiating (NR) current contributions. Thanks to such an approach, the designer is given the capability of imposing specific constraints on the geometry and implementation of the synthesized layout without any compromise on the desired far-field radiation features. An illustrative result is shown to provide the reader with an example of the effectiveness and potentialities of such a novel design framework.
{"title":"Non-Radiating Sources: A New Powerful Recipe for Designing Reflectarray Antennas","authors":"G. Oliveri, F. Zardi, M. Salucci, A. Massa","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704497","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative concepts and strategies for the design of reflectarray antennas are discussed in this work. More in detail, the synthesis of the antenna surface currents is addressed from an unconventional point-of-view, exploiting the inverse scattering (IS) theory and the non-uniqueness of the solution dictated by the existence of non-radiating (NR) current contributions. Thanks to such an approach, the designer is given the capability of imposing specific constraints on the geometry and implementation of the synthesized layout without any compromise on the desired far-field radiation features. An illustrative result is shown to provide the reader with an example of the effectiveness and potentialities of such a novel design framework.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"46 1","pages":"1601-1602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91105187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704190
N. Anselmi, A. Benoni, P. Rocca, A. Massa
This work presents a probabilistic interval analysis method for the tolerance analysis of discrete and continuous apertures. Given the knowledge of the interval tolerances, and starting from inclusive pattern bounds obtained using state-of-art interval analysis tools, a novel methodology is here introduced that allows to compute, in closed-form, the probability distribution of the random pattern occurrences within the interval bounds. A numerical example is reported showing the advantage of the proposed approach with respect to the state-of-art interval analysis methods.
{"title":"Tolerance Analysis of Continuous and Discrete Apertures Through a Novel Probabilistic Interval Arithmetic Method","authors":"N. Anselmi, A. Benoni, P. Rocca, A. Massa","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704190","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a probabilistic interval analysis method for the tolerance analysis of discrete and continuous apertures. Given the knowledge of the interval tolerances, and starting from inclusive pattern bounds obtained using state-of-art interval analysis tools, a novel methodology is here introduced that allows to compute, in closed-form, the probability distribution of the random pattern occurrences within the interval bounds. A numerical example is reported showing the advantage of the proposed approach with respect to the state-of-art interval analysis methods.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"74 1","pages":"1259-1260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89818282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704555
D. Tzarouchis, Brian Edwards, N. Engheta, M. Mencagli
Here, we describe some of the basic steps for solving mathematical equations with a metadevice, i.e., a subwavelength network that allows for the inversion of any desired matrix. The device consists of a connected network architecture of an elementary module. We examine possible RF implementations and provide simulated and experimentally measured preliminary results of this module, and demonstrate the case of $2 times 2$ matrix multiplication, paving the way towards the experimental implementation of metastructures with equation solving and matrix inversion capabilities.
{"title":"A Reconfigurable Metadevice for Solving Equations and Inverting Matrices at RF Frequencies","authors":"D. Tzarouchis, Brian Edwards, N. Engheta, M. Mencagli","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704555","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we describe some of the basic steps for solving mathematical equations with a metadevice, i.e., a subwavelength network that allows for the inversion of any desired matrix. The device consists of a connected network architecture of an elementary module. We examine possible RF implementations and provide simulated and experimentally measured preliminary results of this module, and demonstrate the case of $2 times 2$ matrix multiplication, paving the way towards the experimental implementation of metastructures with equation solving and matrix inversion capabilities.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"549-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91278706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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