Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704732
L. Resteghini, R. Flamini, Claudio Massagrande, V. Verri, C. Mazzucco, R. Lombardi
NR 5G mmW networks require high performing base station systems capable to provide high capacity and wide coverage thanks to beam steering and high Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). The increment of radiated power imposes a limit in the generation of Grating Lobes toward sensitive places. In this article a PCB prototype for an irregularly clustered antenna is proposed. The main parameters for antenna synthesis, optimization and EM design are described. The validation of synthesis and implementation process is assessed with measurements results.
NR 5G毫米波网络需要高性能基站系统，能够提供高容量和广泛覆盖，这要归功于波束转向和高等效各向同性辐射功率(EIRP)。辐射功率的增加限制了光栅瓣向敏感部位的产生。本文提出了一种不规则簇天线的PCB原型。介绍了天线综合、优化和电磁设计的主要参数。用测量结果评价了合成和实施过程的有效性。
{"title":"Irregularly Clustered Antenna Array: A prototype for mmW 5G Base Station","authors":"L. Resteghini, R. Flamini, Claudio Massagrande, V. Verri, C. Mazzucco, R. Lombardi","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704732","url":null,"abstract":"NR 5G mmW networks require high performing base station systems capable to provide high capacity and wide coverage thanks to beam steering and high Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). The increment of radiated power imposes a limit in the generation of Grating Lobes toward sensitive places. In this article a PCB prototype for an irregularly clustered antenna is proposed. The main parameters for antenna synthesis, optimization and EM design are described. The validation of synthesis and implementation process is assessed with measurements results.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"109 1","pages":"793-794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79189048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703911
K. Sun, Boning Wang, Sihao Liu, Yanwen Zhao, Deqiang Yang
In this communication, a pattern and polarization diversity antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave application. The multi-mode transmission line is adopted to drive the three radiation mode, which means the three different radiation modes totally share the radiation aperture and excitation transmission line. The multi-mode composite transmission line confine the fields of all transmission modes in the same space, which greatly simplifies the complex feed network of conventional antennas with diversified radiation patterns. A prototype working at 28 GHz is designed with a overlapped bandwidth of 13.8%. Hollow beam radiation, vertically polarized end-fire radiation and horizontally polarized end-fire radiation are respectively excited by TEM-mode, TEl0-mode and a special folded TE2o-mode.
{"title":"A Pattern/Polarization Diversity Antenna Based on Three-mode Composite Transmission Line","authors":"K. Sun, Boning Wang, Sihao Liu, Yanwen Zhao, Deqiang Yang","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703911","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, a pattern and polarization diversity antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave application. The multi-mode transmission line is adopted to drive the three radiation mode, which means the three different radiation modes totally share the radiation aperture and excitation transmission line. The multi-mode composite transmission line confine the fields of all transmission modes in the same space, which greatly simplifies the complex feed network of conventional antennas with diversified radiation patterns. A prototype working at 28 GHz is designed with a overlapped bandwidth of 13.8%. Hollow beam radiation, vertically polarized end-fire radiation and horizontally polarized end-fire radiation are respectively excited by TEM-mode, TEl0-mode and a special folded TE2o-mode.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79464285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704521
Y. Hadad, A. Shlivinski
The Chu bound, developed under the assumptions of passivity, linearity, and time-invariance sets a lower limit on the quality factor of a small antenna. This with the gain properties of the antenna dictates its maximal attainable gain-bandwidth product of an antenna. By revoking the LTI assumption of the properties e.g., by allowing time variation of the antenna properties, better performance may be achieved. In the following presentation we specifically discuss the effect of time-modulation of the antenna structure on the gain-bandwidth product of a system of three coupled antennas. It is shown that time-modulation may give better results beyond that obtained for the corresponding LTI antenna system.
{"title":"Time-Modulation as a Vehicle for Bypassing the Gain-Bandwidth bound of Small LTI Antennas","authors":"Y. Hadad, A. Shlivinski","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704521","url":null,"abstract":"The Chu bound, developed under the assumptions of passivity, linearity, and time-invariance sets a lower limit on the quality factor of a small antenna. This with the gain properties of the antenna dictates its maximal attainable gain-bandwidth product of an antenna. By revoking the LTI assumption of the properties e.g., by allowing time variation of the antenna properties, better performance may be achieved. In the following presentation we specifically discuss the effect of time-modulation of the antenna structure on the gain-bandwidth product of a system of three coupled antennas. It is shown that time-modulation may give better results beyond that obtained for the corresponding LTI antenna system.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"8 1","pages":"405-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81036391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704153
L. Jelínek, J. Liška, M. Capek, Vit Losenicky, M. Gustafsson
A hybrid combining T-matrix method and electric field integral equation is used to formulate fundamental bounds on radiation efficiency of an implanted antenna. Resulting quadratic optimization problem is solved using a dual formulation. The results present the versatility of the described computational scheme and show the optimal current densities that are the least impaired by dissipation in the tissue.
{"title":"Maximum Radiation Efficiency of Implanted Antennas Employing a Novel Hybrid Method","authors":"L. Jelínek, J. Liška, M. Capek, Vit Losenicky, M. Gustafsson","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704153","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid combining T-matrix method and electric field integral equation is used to formulate fundamental bounds on radiation efficiency of an implanted antenna. Resulting quadratic optimization problem is solved using a dual formulation. The results present the versatility of the described computational scheme and show the optimal current densities that are the least impaired by dissipation in the tissue.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"30 1","pages":"1339-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83312967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704217
Giulia Monacelli, Eliana Canicattì, A. Monorchio, A. Vispa, Lorenzo Sani, G. Tiberi
The present work proposes a procedure based on a modified recipe to fabricate electromagnetically characterized phantoms, made of gelatinous-based mixture. As a main advantage we highlight the use of commercially available and very inexpensive gelatin along with the addition of food colorants for the phantom assembly. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that by storing the samples in a refrigerator at a stable temperature of 4°C, the phantoms maintain stable dielectric properties up to 14 days. Their dielectric properties have been measured in the [1-8.5] GHz frequency range using a coaxial probe kit. The promising results demonstrate the potential of the recipe method to realize multistrate breast phantoms representing different tissues.
{"title":"Electromagnetically characterized gelatinous-based phantoms for breast microwave imaging","authors":"Giulia Monacelli, Eliana Canicattì, A. Monorchio, A. Vispa, Lorenzo Sani, G. Tiberi","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704217","url":null,"abstract":"The present work proposes a procedure based on a modified recipe to fabricate electromagnetically characterized phantoms, made of gelatinous-based mixture. As a main advantage we highlight the use of commercially available and very inexpensive gelatin along with the addition of food colorants for the phantom assembly. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that by storing the samples in a refrigerator at a stable temperature of 4°C, the phantoms maintain stable dielectric properties up to 14 days. Their dielectric properties have been measured in the [1-8.5] GHz frequency range using a coaxial probe kit. The promising results demonstrate the potential of the recipe method to realize multistrate breast phantoms representing different tissues.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"32 1","pages":"357-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89319782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704627
Dongze Zheng, K. Wu
In this paper, the generalized design considerations of a broad class of leaky-wave antennas based on the multi-mode resonator (MMR) concept are holistically investigated and described. First of all, unified design guidelines depending on the composition principle of MMR-based radiating discontinuity (RD) are briefly introduced in terms of equivalent circuit models, which can be extracted from computational field simulations. Next, the benefits and potentials of RDs featuring a flexible mode-control capability for realizing multifunctional and versatile LWAs are presented and explained. Finally, a practical example exhibiting flexibly engineered radiation and filtering characteristics is examined and demonstrated.
{"title":"Generalized Design Considerations of Leaky-Wave Antennas Based on Multi-Mode Resonator (MMR) Concept","authors":"Dongze Zheng, K. Wu","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704627","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the generalized design considerations of a broad class of leaky-wave antennas based on the multi-mode resonator (MMR) concept are holistically investigated and described. First of all, unified design guidelines depending on the composition principle of MMR-based radiating discontinuity (RD) are briefly introduced in terms of equivalent circuit models, which can be extracted from computational field simulations. Next, the benefits and potentials of RDs featuring a flexible mode-control capability for realizing multifunctional and versatile LWAs are presented and explained. Finally, a practical example exhibiting flexibly engineered radiation and filtering characteristics is examined and demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"35 1","pages":"641-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87387715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704295
G. Federico, A. B. Smolders, G. Theis, D. Caratelli
In this research study, a new multi-mode antenna element is introduced to achieve wide-angle scanning characteristics when integrated in a linear array. The unit cell structure relies on a hybrid design concept based on the combination of a patch fed by two capacitively coupled ports, and a cylindrical dielectric resonator fed by a third port via a metal pin. Two radiating modes can be enabled by controlling electronically the phase offset at the three input ports. Each mode is used to cover a different scanning sub-range. The antenna element is integrated in a $1 times 10$ linear array and the relevant simulated results demonstrate a scanning capability from −75° to +75° with a scan loss smaller than 3 dB across the entire field of view.
{"title":"A Wide-Angle Scanning Array Using a Multi-Mode Antenna for mm-Wave Communications","authors":"G. Federico, A. B. Smolders, G. Theis, D. Caratelli","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704295","url":null,"abstract":"In this research study, a new multi-mode antenna element is introduced to achieve wide-angle scanning characteristics when integrated in a linear array. The unit cell structure relies on a hybrid design concept based on the combination of a patch fed by two capacitively coupled ports, and a cylindrical dielectric resonator fed by a third port via a metal pin. Two radiating modes can be enabled by controlling electronically the phase offset at the three input ports. Each mode is used to cover a different scanning sub-range. The antenna element is integrated in a $1 times 10$ linear array and the relevant simulated results demonstrate a scanning capability from −75° to +75° with a scan loss smaller than 3 dB across the entire field of view.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"72 1","pages":"345-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84699906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703825
Quang Quan Phung, N. Michishita, Hiroshi Sato, Y. Koyanagi, H. Morishita
This study proposes a decoupling method for Two Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAs), which are mounted on a ground plane, using Characteristic Mode Analysis. According to the simulation results of Modal Weighting Coefficient, two types of mode (in-phase mode and anti-phase mode) are observed and total inner product of modes is calculated. When the total inner product value is close to zero, the excited current from the two ports is orthogonal to each other, resulting in a reduction of the mutual coupling. Based on this, we use four L-shaped elements, which are placed on several certain positions on ground plane, to excite a dominant mode in order to adjust the total inner product value to be closer to zero. As a result, the total inner product can be adjusted from −0.43 to −0.3 and the mutual coupling can be reduced from −6.6 dB to −10.2 dB.
{"title":"Decoupling Method for Two Planar Inverted-F Antennas using Characteristic Mode Analysis","authors":"Quang Quan Phung, N. Michishita, Hiroshi Sato, Y. Koyanagi, H. Morishita","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703825","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a decoupling method for Two Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFAs), which are mounted on a ground plane, using Characteristic Mode Analysis. According to the simulation results of Modal Weighting Coefficient, two types of mode (in-phase mode and anti-phase mode) are observed and total inner product of modes is calculated. When the total inner product value is close to zero, the excited current from the two ports is orthogonal to each other, resulting in a reduction of the mutual coupling. Based on this, we use four L-shaped elements, which are placed on several certain positions on ground plane, to excite a dominant mode in order to adjust the total inner product value to be closer to zero. As a result, the total inner product can be adjusted from −0.43 to −0.3 and the mutual coupling can be reduced from −6.6 dB to −10.2 dB.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"19 1","pages":"1139-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84731683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704488
Xiang Zhao, Hongxin Zhao, Shunli Li, Xiaoxing Yin
In this paper, a broadband multilayer planar magic-T using coupled microstrip-slotlines is proposed. Sum and difference function in this design are realized by utilizing the even and odd transmission mode of the coupled microstrip-slotlines. The magic-T is conducive to the miniaturization of monopulse antenna systems by using a 3-layer circuit board structure and reasonable port placement. Simulation results show that the operating frequency range is 1.25-2.52 GHz with return loss higher than 10 dB, while in-band isolation between sum and difference port is greater than 50 dB. It also has amplitude and phase imbalance of less than 0.1 dB and 0.4° respectively.
{"title":"A Broadband Multilayer Magic-T Using Coupled Microstrip-Slotlines for Monopulse Antenna Systems","authors":"Xiang Zhao, Hongxin Zhao, Shunli Li, Xiaoxing Yin","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9704488","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a broadband multilayer planar magic-T using coupled microstrip-slotlines is proposed. Sum and difference function in this design are realized by utilizing the even and odd transmission mode of the coupled microstrip-slotlines. The magic-T is conducive to the miniaturization of monopulse antenna systems by using a 3-layer circuit board structure and reasonable port placement. Simulation results show that the operating frequency range is 1.25-2.52 GHz with return loss higher than 10 dB, while in-band isolation between sum and difference port is greater than 50 dB. It also has amplitude and phase imbalance of less than 0.1 dB and 0.4° respectively.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"3 1","pages":"477-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90556362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-04DOI: 10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703920
Yasuo Morimoto, T. Motegi, Hirohito Hattori
This study proposes a flush-surface antenna (FSA) for a 5G mmW band that is invisible view. An invisible FSA is realized by fixing a microstrip antenna (MSA) on a flexible substrate to a chassis or product body and painting them both. The antenna's performance can be maximized by optimally designing only the radiating element, including paints and other peripheral components, and shielding it from the feeding line using a flexible substrate on the connector. The fabricated 28-GHz FSA has an excellent return loss and a measured radiation pattern that correlates with the simulation results.
{"title":"A Flush-Surface Antenna for the 5G mmW Band","authors":"Yasuo Morimoto, T. Motegi, Hirohito Hattori","doi":"10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS/URSI47566.2021.9703920","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a flush-surface antenna (FSA) for a 5G mmW band that is invisible view. An invisible FSA is realized by fixing a microstrip antenna (MSA) on a flexible substrate to a chassis or product body and painting them both. The antenna's performance can be maximized by optimally designing only the radiating element, including paints and other peripheral components, and shielding it from the feeding line using a flexible substrate on the connector. The fabricated 28-GHz FSA has an excellent return loss and a measured radiation pattern that correlates with the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":6801,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI)","volume":"34 1","pages":"1899-1900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90605135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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