Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940884
P. Latkoski, O. Ognenoski, V. Rakovic, V. Atanasovski, L. Gavrilovska
The different wireless and wired communication technologies are converging towards a heterogeneous communication network, requiring comprehensive resource management. This paper summarizes the development of a reconfigurable mobile multi-interface terminal, enabled with efficient heterogeneous resource management architecture, called RIWCoS. The created terminal prototype is able to perform seamless vertical handovers among three different networks: Ethernet, WLAN and UMTS. RIWCoS platform utilizes IEEE 802.21 defined entities in combination with Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) application programming interface (API). The functional testing is performed through specially developed graphical user interface (GUI). The paper presents an insight of the terminal architecture and the measured results regarding the throughput and average inter-packet delay. The results can also be observed on a specially designed GUI.
{"title":"Demonstration of RIWCoS platform for future heterogeneous networks","authors":"P. Latkoski, O. Ognenoski, V. Rakovic, V. Atanasovski, L. Gavrilovska","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940884","url":null,"abstract":"The different wireless and wired communication technologies are converging towards a heterogeneous communication network, requiring comprehensive resource management. This paper summarizes the development of a reconfigurable mobile multi-interface terminal, enabled with efficient heterogeneous resource management architecture, called RIWCoS. The created terminal prototype is able to perform seamless vertical handovers among three different networks: Ethernet, WLAN and UMTS. RIWCoS platform utilizes IEEE 802.21 defined entities in combination with Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) application programming interface (API). The functional testing is performed through specially developed graphical user interface (GUI). The paper presents an insight of the terminal architecture and the measured results regarding the throughput and average inter-packet delay. The results can also be observed on a specially designed GUI.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84732983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940841
B. Freyens, M. Loney
We discuss the scope and nature of opportunities for white space devices to operate in the UHF band in Australia after the digital dividend. We identify opportunities for white space usage in the reduced UHF band to be used for television services as well as in nearby guard bands. We extend the discussion to the longer-term by examining scenarios in which broadcasting services could use the synergistic effects of white space devices to either voluntarily migrate out of the UHF band or secure their occupation of this important spectrum beachhead.
{"title":"Opportunities for white space usage in Australia","authors":"B. Freyens, M. Loney","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940841","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the scope and nature of opportunities for white space devices to operate in the UHF band in Australia after the digital dividend. We identify opportunities for white space usage in the reduced UHF band to be used for television services as well as in nearby guard bands. We extend the discussion to the longer-term by examining scenarios in which broadcasting services could use the synergistic effects of white space devices to either voluntarily migrate out of the UHF band or secure their occupation of this important spectrum beachhead.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90861685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940849
N. Ghoshal, J. K. Mandal
This paper presents a novel steganographic schemes based on Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) and demonstrates the multimedia colour image authentication process in frequency domain for wireless communication(DFTMCIAWC). Authentication is done through embedding secrete message/image into the transformed frequency components of the source image at message originating node. The DFT is applied on sub-image block called mask of size 2 × 2 in row major order where authenticating message/image bit is fabricated within the real frequency component of each source image byte except the first frequency component of each mask. In order to retain the quantum value positive and non fractional in spatial domain, a delicate readjustment phase is used in the first frequency component of each mask as a post embedding handler. Robustness is achieved through embedding secrete message/image into both positive and negatives frequency component of source image and invisibility is satisfied in spatial domain using delicate re-adjust phase. Inverse DFT (IDFT) is performed after embedding to transform embedded image from frequency domain to spatial domain and the embedded image is transmitted across the network. At the destination node authentication is done through extraction process of embedded image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than discrete cosine transformation and quaternion Fourier transformation based schemes, and provide security and originality of data in wireless domain.
{"title":"Discrete Fourier Transform based multimedia colour image authentication for wireless communication (DFTMCIAWC)","authors":"N. Ghoshal, J. K. Mandal","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940849","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel steganographic schemes based on Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) and demonstrates the multimedia colour image authentication process in frequency domain for wireless communication(DFTMCIAWC). Authentication is done through embedding secrete message/image into the transformed frequency components of the source image at message originating node. The DFT is applied on sub-image block called mask of size 2 × 2 in row major order where authenticating message/image bit is fabricated within the real frequency component of each source image byte except the first frequency component of each mask. In order to retain the quantum value positive and non fractional in spatial domain, a delicate readjustment phase is used in the first frequency component of each mask as a post embedding handler. Robustness is achieved through embedding secrete message/image into both positive and negatives frequency component of source image and invisibility is satisfied in spatial domain using delicate re-adjust phase. Inverse DFT (IDFT) is performed after embedding to transform embedded image from frequency domain to spatial domain and the embedded image is transmitted across the network. At the destination node authentication is done through extraction process of embedded image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than discrete cosine transformation and quaternion Fourier transformation based schemes, and provide security and originality of data in wireless domain.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91111234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940852
I. Oluwafemi, S. Mneney
Super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis codes (SQOSTTC) is a powerful code that provide full rate, full diversity and high coding gain for four transmit antennas. These codes, designed for flat fading channel combines set partitioning principle and a super set of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes in a systematic way to provide full diversity and improved coding gain. In this paper, the performance of super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system in frequency selective wideband wireless channel is investigated. A new 16 states BPSK code is proposed to avoid parallel transition that restricts the error performance of the code in frequency selective fading channel. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis coded OFDM system in a wideband channel.
{"title":"Super-quasi-orthogonal space-time BPSK trellis coded OFDM system for four transmit antennas","authors":"I. Oluwafemi, S. Mneney","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940852","url":null,"abstract":"Super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis codes (SQOSTTC) is a powerful code that provide full rate, full diversity and high coding gain for four transmit antennas. These codes, designed for flat fading channel combines set partitioning principle and a super set of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes in a systematic way to provide full diversity and improved coding gain. In this paper, the performance of super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system in frequency selective wideband wireless channel is investigated. A new 16 states BPSK code is proposed to avoid parallel transition that restricts the error performance of the code in frequency selective fading channel. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of super-quasi-orthogonal space-time trellis coded OFDM system in a wideband channel.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"125 23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85150981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940894
P. Høeg, A. Carlstrom
The direct signals from satellites in global satellite navigation satellites systems (GNSS) as, GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO, constitute the primary source for positioning, navigation and timing from space. But also the reflected GNSS signals contain an important information content of signal travel times and the characteristics of the reflecting surfaces and structure. Ocean reflected signals from GNSS satellite systems reveal the mean height, the significant wave height and the roughness of the ocean. The estimated accuracy of the average surface height can be as low as 10 cm. For low elevations, the signals reveal the incoherent scatter process at the reflection zone. By using open-loop high-precision GNSS receivers, it is possible to provide the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal at high sample rates, which enables investigation of the spectral signatures of the observations. The retrieval method consists of a radio occultation technique for the phase differences between the direct and reflected signal combined with a statistical method. Results are derived through a sequential Bayesian estimation method, where the retrieval algorithms are based on a particle filtering technique. The horizontal size of the probability density function, which uniquely describes the ocean reflection zone using the recursive particle filter method, totals from 200 to 500 meters for all data sets.
{"title":"Information content in reflected global navigation satellite system signals","authors":"P. Høeg, A. Carlstrom","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940894","url":null,"abstract":"The direct signals from satellites in global satellite navigation satellites systems (GNSS) as, GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO, constitute the primary source for positioning, navigation and timing from space. But also the reflected GNSS signals contain an important information content of signal travel times and the characteristics of the reflecting surfaces and structure. Ocean reflected signals from GNSS satellite systems reveal the mean height, the significant wave height and the roughness of the ocean. The estimated accuracy of the average surface height can be as low as 10 cm. For low elevations, the signals reveal the incoherent scatter process at the reflection zone. By using open-loop high-precision GNSS receivers, it is possible to provide the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal at high sample rates, which enables investigation of the spectral signatures of the observations. The retrieval method consists of a radio occultation technique for the phase differences between the direct and reflected signal combined with a statistical method. Results are derived through a sequential Bayesian estimation method, where the retrieval algorithms are based on a particle filtering technique. The horizontal size of the probability density function, which uniquely describes the ocean reflection zone using the recursive particle filter method, totals from 200 to 500 meters for all data sets.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87699278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940911
P. Tripathi, A. Chandra, Ambuj Kumar, K. Sridhara
Radio spectrum is natural limited resource, which cannot be owned. Many new technologies are emerging which require spectrum for faster growth. ITU has projected that 1720 MHz spectrum will be required by the year 2020. Several services are knocking the door of telecom market but these promising services cannot be rolled out due to non-availability of spectrum. To meet this demand, spectrum should be managed dynamically instead of static. Cognitive radio is the best future technology, which would help to meet the ever increasing demand of radio spectrum and also help in managing radio resource in more simplified way. Dynamic spectrum management will provide conducive environment for implementation of cognitive radio based network. This paper gives an overview about shortcomings of current spectrum management and about dynamic spectrum access.
{"title":"Dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio","authors":"P. Tripathi, A. Chandra, Ambuj Kumar, K. Sridhara","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940911","url":null,"abstract":"Radio spectrum is natural limited resource, which cannot be owned. Many new technologies are emerging which require spectrum for faster growth. ITU has projected that 1720 MHz spectrum will be required by the year 2020. Several services are knocking the door of telecom market but these promising services cannot be rolled out due to non-availability of spectrum. To meet this demand, spectrum should be managed dynamically instead of static. Cognitive radio is the best future technology, which would help to meet the ever increasing demand of radio spectrum and also help in managing radio resource in more simplified way. Dynamic spectrum management will provide conducive environment for implementation of cognitive radio based network. This paper gives an overview about shortcomings of current spectrum management and about dynamic spectrum access.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87878580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940904
S. Kota
Hybrid/integrated network architectures provide ubiquitous and broadband IP-based services to the end users experiencing mobility in Next Generation Network (NGN). This paper deals with the hybrid/integrated satellite and terrestrial systems like Complimentary Ground Component (CGC) or Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC) that allows an efficient interworking. In this paper, we introduce integrated network architecture and a discussion on the technical challenges for realization. We also present a cross-layer based simulation results of physical layer interaction with the application layer in a hybrid network. In particular, the effect of fading on dynamic resource allocation and QoS parameters i.e. delay and jitter on multimedia applications e.g. VoIP, video conferencing, FTP and HTTP is studied. The system architecture used for the simulation experiments consists of Digital Video Broadcasting — (DVB-S2) for the forward link and DVB-RCS for the return link of satellite network segment. We also propose using WiMAX and WiFi wireless networks for the terrestrial segment. The simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the cross layer designs in terms of throughput and delay performance.
{"title":"Hybrid/integrated networking for NGN services","authors":"S. Kota","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940904","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid/integrated network architectures provide ubiquitous and broadband IP-based services to the end users experiencing mobility in Next Generation Network (NGN). This paper deals with the hybrid/integrated satellite and terrestrial systems like Complimentary Ground Component (CGC) or Ancillary Terrestrial Component (ATC) that allows an efficient interworking. In this paper, we introduce integrated network architecture and a discussion on the technical challenges for realization. We also present a cross-layer based simulation results of physical layer interaction with the application layer in a hybrid network. In particular, the effect of fading on dynamic resource allocation and QoS parameters i.e. delay and jitter on multimedia applications e.g. VoIP, video conferencing, FTP and HTTP is studied. The system architecture used for the simulation experiments consists of Digital Video Broadcasting — (DVB-S2) for the forward link and DVB-RCS for the return link of satellite network segment. We also propose using WiMAX and WiFi wireless networks for the terrestrial segment. The simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the cross layer designs in terms of throughput and delay performance.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87882461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940851
M. Bennis, L. Giupponi, E. M. Diaz, M. Lalam, Masood Maqbool, E. Strinati, A. De Domenico, M. Latva-aho
Recently, femtocell technology has gained significant interest in the wireless communication community, as a potential solution for satisfying the rapid increase in demand for wireless access, improving the poor indoor coverage, and offloading the macrocell network. Operational deployment of uncoordinated femtocells sets out new technological challenges, among which are cross-tier interference between the macro and femtocells, and co-tier interference among femtocells, in the same spectrum band. The Broadband Evolved Femto networks (BeFEMTO) project addresses these technical challenges aiming at developing advanced femtocell technologies based on LTE-A, enabling a cost-efficient provisioning of ubiquitous broadband services. The BeFEMTO project also focuses on novel concepts such as self-organizing femtocell networks, in which the goal is to develop and evaluate solutions to limit the interference impact to end-users'. In this paper, we first give an overview of the BeFEMTO project followed by preliminary results based on recent development of distributed algorithms in context aware learning mechanisms. Next, the performance assessment of self-organizing radio resource management algorithms and interference mitigating techniques for macro-femtocell coexistence is given.
{"title":"Interference management in self-organized femtocell networks: The BeFEMTO approach","authors":"M. Bennis, L. Giupponi, E. M. Diaz, M. Lalam, Masood Maqbool, E. Strinati, A. De Domenico, M. Latva-aho","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940851","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, femtocell technology has gained significant interest in the wireless communication community, as a potential solution for satisfying the rapid increase in demand for wireless access, improving the poor indoor coverage, and offloading the macrocell network. Operational deployment of uncoordinated femtocells sets out new technological challenges, among which are cross-tier interference between the macro and femtocells, and co-tier interference among femtocells, in the same spectrum band. The Broadband Evolved Femto networks (BeFEMTO) project addresses these technical challenges aiming at developing advanced femtocell technologies based on LTE-A, enabling a cost-efficient provisioning of ubiquitous broadband services. The BeFEMTO project also focuses on novel concepts such as self-organizing femtocell networks, in which the goal is to develop and evaluate solutions to limit the interference impact to end-users'. In this paper, we first give an overview of the BeFEMTO project followed by preliminary results based on recent development of distributed algorithms in context aware learning mechanisms. Next, the performance assessment of self-organizing radio resource management algorithms and interference mitigating techniques for macro-femtocell coexistence is given.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89707564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940831
S. Kareemulla, N. Gunavathi, S. Raghavan
In this paper, a compact high gain CPW-fed slot antenna for WLAN / WiMAX applications is proposed. This antenna satisfies the licensed frequency band of WiMAX (5.25∼5.85 GHz) and 5 GHz WLAN band. The antenna consists of ground plane, hut shaped slot, inverted T shaped exciting stub with three symmetric Y-junctions. The inverted T shaped exciting stub with three symmetric Y-junctions has less parameter, which are convenient to optimize. This antenna is designed on a substrate with dielectric constant ∊r =4.4 and with size 16mm×16mm×1.6mm. The fundamental parameters of the antenna such as 2D radiation patterns, VSWR, return loss, gain, directivity and antenna efficiency are obtained and all meets of the acceptable standards of basic antenna. The simulation results of this antenna are analyzed by using Method of Moment (MOM) from ZELAND IE3D version 12.0 software.
{"title":"Compact high gain CPW-fed slot antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications","authors":"S. Kareemulla, N. Gunavathi, S. Raghavan","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940831","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a compact high gain CPW-fed slot antenna for WLAN / WiMAX applications is proposed. This antenna satisfies the licensed frequency band of WiMAX (5.25∼5.85 GHz) and 5 GHz WLAN band. The antenna consists of ground plane, hut shaped slot, inverted T shaped exciting stub with three symmetric Y-junctions. The inverted T shaped exciting stub with three symmetric Y-junctions has less parameter, which are convenient to optimize. This antenna is designed on a substrate with dielectric constant ∊r =4.4 and with size 16mm×16mm×1.6mm. The fundamental parameters of the antenna such as 2D radiation patterns, VSWR, return loss, gain, directivity and antenna efficiency are obtained and all meets of the acceptable standards of basic antenna. The simulation results of this antenna are analyzed by using Method of Moment (MOM) from ZELAND IE3D version 12.0 software.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73050206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-05DOI: 10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940909
R. Kumar, Jagadeesh Gurugubelli
Reducing Carbon emissions in general in ICT from the present 3 percent and in particular in Mobile communications has been of a serious concern. In the next generation cellular technologies like LTE, base stations are very energy hungry, as they need to provide high spectral efficiency and wide coverage. Given that there is no cooling required for modern systems, the transmit power in a typical link is the most important constituent in a base station. This is mainly due to its power amplifiers and also due to energy loss in the power supply. LTE uses OFDM in downlink, which requires huge complex computations, and the power consumption of the transceiver hardware. With the latest CMOS technology, a two-fold reduction in the operating voltage from 130 nm technology to 22 nm technology, results in a four-fold reductions in the transceiver power consumption. With the LTE technology poised to take off, it is interesting to see the energy consumption assessment of LTE considering the projection of technology and exploiting the different mode of operation and the methods of reducing energy consumption. This paper discusses about the various possibilities and makes a practical assessment of a possible green form of LTE.
{"title":"How green the LTE technology can be?","authors":"R. Kumar, Jagadeesh Gurugubelli","doi":"10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940909","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing Carbon emissions in general in ICT from the present 3 percent and in particular in Mobile communications has been of a serious concern. In the next generation cellular technologies like LTE, base stations are very energy hungry, as they need to provide high spectral efficiency and wide coverage. Given that there is no cooling required for modern systems, the transmit power in a typical link is the most important constituent in a base station. This is mainly due to its power amplifiers and also due to energy loss in the power supply. LTE uses OFDM in downlink, which requires huge complex computations, and the power consumption of the transceiver hardware. With the latest CMOS technology, a two-fold reduction in the operating voltage from 130 nm technology to 22 nm technology, results in a four-fold reductions in the transceiver power consumption. With the LTE technology poised to take off, it is interesting to see the energy consumption assessment of LTE considering the projection of technology and exploiting the different mode of operation and the methods of reducing energy consumption. This paper discusses about the various possibilities and makes a practical assessment of a possible green form of LTE.","PeriodicalId":68078,"journal":{"name":"无线互联科技","volume":"100 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80651303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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