Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1007/s40243-023-00232-9
Soni Prayogi, A. Ayunis, Yoyok Cahyono, D. Darminto
In this work, we report that hydrogen (H2) doped in n-type a-Si:H thin films strongly influences the electronic correlation in increasing the conversion output power of solar cells. Type n a-Si:H thin films were grown using PECVD on ITO substrates with various H2-doping, to obtain various thin films for solar-cell applications. N-type a-Si:H thin films were prepared, and then characterized using ellipsometric spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of doped-H2 to the thin layer shows a decrease in optical conductivity, while the energy gap in the thin layer shows a significant increase in the a-Si:H-type thin layer. Our results show that H2 doping plays a very important role in the electronic structure, which is indicated by the significant energy gap difference. On the other hand, the bond structure of each H2-doped thin film showed a change from amorphous to nanocrystalline structures which were evenly distributed in each H2-doped bonding. Overall, we believe that the addition of doped-H2 to our findings could help increase the power conversion output of the solar cell due to the modification of the electronic structure.
{"title":"N-type H2-doped amorphous silicon layer for solar-cell application","authors":"Soni Prayogi, A. Ayunis, Yoyok Cahyono, D. Darminto","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00232-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00232-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we report that hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) doped in n-type a-Si:H thin films strongly influences the electronic correlation in increasing the conversion output power of solar cells. Type n a-Si:H thin films were grown using PECVD on ITO substrates with various H2-doping, to obtain various thin films for solar-cell applications. N-type a-Si:H thin films were prepared, and then characterized using ellipsometric spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of doped-H<sub>2</sub> to the thin layer shows a decrease in optical conductivity, while the energy gap in the thin layer shows a significant increase in the a-Si:H-type thin layer. Our results show that H<sub>2</sub> doping plays a very important role in the electronic structure, which is indicated by the significant energy gap difference. On the other hand, the bond structure of each H2-doped thin film showed a change from amorphous to nanocrystalline structures which were evenly distributed in each H<sub>2</sub>-doped bonding. Overall, we believe that the addition of doped-H<sub>2</sub> to our findings could help increase the power conversion output of the solar cell due to the modification of the electronic structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00232-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41083689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.1007/s40243-023-00233-8
Salim Mokraoui, Ahmed Halilu, Mohd Ali Hashim, Mohamed Kamel Hadj-Kali
Bioenergy is one of several renewable energy options derived from biomass that can help satisfy our energy needs. Anaerobic digestion is a viable method for producing bioenergy in the form of biogas from biomass. The anaerobic digestion process is challenged with low biogas recovery, and low-quality effluent or CO2 emission, which contribute to environmental pollution and the carbon footprint in the atmosphere. Computational process modelling and simulation can provide realistic information for dealing with the technological challenges involved with anaerobic digestion. In this study, modeling and simulation of the simplified anaerobic digestion process were done using SuperPro Designer software fed with biomass feedstock containing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as yeast, at 37 °C mesophilic temperature. The anaerobic digestion process yielded 89.655% of CH4 and 10.345% of CO2 and confirmed that the carbohydrate feedstock produces more CH4 composition in the biogas. Mineralization of CO2 using MgO yielded 0.23% MgCO3, consuming > 99% of the CO2 produced during the anaerobic digestion process. Environmental impact assessment of the effluent discharge yielded 0.142 kg Slds/L volatile solid with 6.01% COD reduction per batch of the anaerobic digestion process in an anaerobic digester with 90% (1.925 kg/batch) feedstock dosage. The data indicate that single-batch effluent cannot be discharged into the environment, hence indicating the possible recycling for multiple anaerobic digestion processing. The results are a significant guide for the realistic scalable production of high-quality biogas for bioenergy application, CO2 mineralization, and environmental remediation.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of biomass anaerobic digestion for high biogas yield and CO2 mineralization","authors":"Salim Mokraoui, Ahmed Halilu, Mohd Ali Hashim, Mohamed Kamel Hadj-Kali","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00233-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00233-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bioenergy is one of several renewable energy options derived from biomass that can help satisfy our energy needs. Anaerobic digestion is a viable method for producing bioenergy in the form of biogas from biomass. The anaerobic digestion process is challenged with low biogas recovery, and low-quality effluent or CO<sub>2</sub> emission, which contribute to environmental pollution and the carbon footprint in the atmosphere. Computational process modelling and simulation can provide realistic information for dealing with the technological challenges involved with anaerobic digestion. In this study, modeling and simulation of the simplified anaerobic digestion process were done using SuperPro Designer software fed with biomass feedstock containing carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as yeast, at 37 °C mesophilic temperature. The anaerobic digestion process yielded 89.655% of CH<sub>4</sub> and 10.345% of CO<sub>2</sub> and confirmed that the carbohydrate feedstock produces more CH<sub>4</sub> composition in the biogas. Mineralization of CO<sub>2</sub> using MgO yielded 0.23% MgCO<sub>3</sub>, consuming > 99% of the CO<sub>2</sub> produced during the anaerobic digestion process. Environmental impact assessment of the effluent discharge yielded 0.142 kg Slds/L volatile solid with 6.01% COD reduction per batch of the anaerobic digestion process in an anaerobic digester with 90% (1.925 kg/batch) feedstock dosage. The data indicate that single-batch effluent cannot be discharged into the environment, hence indicating the possible recycling for multiple anaerobic digestion processing. The results are a significant guide for the realistic scalable production of high-quality biogas for bioenergy application, CO<sub>2</sub> mineralization, and environmental remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00233-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41083470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, addressing the drawbacks of liquid electrolyte-based batteries is a hot and challenging issue, which is supposed to be fulfilled through solid electrolyte systems such as polymer electrolytes. Polymer blend electrolytes (PBEs) are widely investigated as viable options to solve the undesired characteristics of their liquid counterparts and also the poor ionic conductivity of homopolymer-based electrolytes. Even though PBEs outperform homopolymer-based electrolytes in terms of performance, the conductivity of pristine PBEs is quite low for practical applications (i.e. below 10–3 S/cm at room temperature). A very promising approach to solve this limitation is to incorporate additives into the electrolyte systems, to select suitable polymeric materials and to employ the desired synthesizing techniques as the performance of PBEs is strongly dependent on the selection of polymeric materials (i.e. on the inherent properties of polymers), the nature and amount of salts and other additives, and also the techniques employed to synthesize the polymer blend hosts and/or polymer blend electrolytes, determining the functionality, amorphousness, dielectric constant, dimensional stability, and, ultimately, the electrochemical performances of the system. This paper reviews the different factors affecting the miscibility of polymer blends, PBEs synthesizing techniques, the thermal, chemical, mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of PBEs, and also the challenges and opportunities of PBEs. Moreover, the paper presents the current progress of polymer blend electrolytes as well as future prospects for advancing polymer blend electrolytes in the energy storage sectors.
{"title":"Development of polymer blend electrolytes for battery systems: recent progress, challenges, and future outlook","authors":"Negese Yazie, Delele Worku, Nigus Gabbiye, Addisu Alemayehu, Zerihun Getahun, Mehary Dagnew","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00231-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00231-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, addressing the drawbacks of liquid electrolyte-based batteries is a hot and challenging issue, which is supposed to be fulfilled through solid electrolyte systems such as polymer electrolytes. Polymer blend electrolytes (PBEs) are widely investigated as viable options to solve the undesired characteristics of their liquid counterparts and also the poor ionic conductivity of homopolymer-based electrolytes. Even though PBEs outperform homopolymer-based electrolytes in terms of performance, the conductivity of pristine PBEs is quite low for practical applications (i.e. below 10<sup>–3</sup> S/cm at room temperature). A very promising approach to solve this limitation is to incorporate additives into the electrolyte systems, to select suitable polymeric materials and to employ the desired synthesizing techniques as the performance of PBEs is strongly dependent on the selection of polymeric materials (i.e. on the inherent properties of polymers), the nature and amount of salts and other additives, and also the techniques employed to synthesize the polymer blend hosts and/or polymer blend electrolytes, determining the functionality, amorphousness, dielectric constant, dimensional stability, and, ultimately, the electrochemical performances of the system. This paper reviews the different factors affecting the miscibility of polymer blends, PBEs synthesizing techniques, the thermal, chemical, mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of PBEs, and also the challenges and opportunities of PBEs. Moreover, the paper presents the current progress of polymer blend electrolytes as well as future prospects for advancing polymer blend electrolytes in the energy storage sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00231-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41083676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1007/s40243-023-00230-x
F. I. Espinosa-Lagunes, Julieta Torres-González
In this study, new polypyrrole films (ppy) were synthesized using a physical plasma deposition (PAPVD) system; where the equipment design and methodology for plasma-assisted pyrrole polymerization were improvement. The morphology, functional groups, and thermal stability of the polymer network films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the films as capacitor were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results observed by SEM showed that the ppy 100W-1 and ppy 100W-2 films present uniformity in their structure. The analyses of TGA and DSC confirmed the improvement in stability; meanwhile for 100W-1 film, the presence of ppy bonds was corroborated by XPS. Plasma-activated ppy 100W-1 film exhibited higher capacitance and minor Rct resistance than that obtained for ppy 100W-2 film. The specific capacitances values of ppy 100W-1 and ppy 100w-2 films are 196 and 150 F/g in 1 M KCl. After charging and discharging tests of 1000 cycles at 5 mA cm−2 current density of ppy 100W-1 film retains 89% of its initial capacitance. Therefore, ppy 100W-1 film showed to be a promising material for use as an electrochemical capacitor.
本研究采用物理等离子体沉积(PAPVD)系统合成了新型聚吡咯薄膜(ppy);对等离子体辅助吡咯聚合的设备设计和方法进行了改进。采用x射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)分别表征了聚合物网络膜的形貌、官能团和热稳定性。采用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法对薄膜作为电容器的电化学性能进行了评价。SEM观察结果表明,ppy 100W-1和ppy 100W-2薄膜结构均匀。TGA和DSC分析证实了稳定性的提高;而对于100W-1薄膜,XPS证实了ppy键的存在。等离子体激活的ppy 100W-1薄膜比ppy 100W-2薄膜具有更高的电容和较小的Rct电阻。在1 M KCl下,ppy 100W-1和ppy 100w-2薄膜的比电容值分别为196和150 F/g。在5ma cm - 2电流密度下进行1000次充放电测试后,ppy 100W-1薄膜保持了89%的初始电容。因此,ppy 100W-1薄膜是一种很有前途的电化学电容器材料。
{"title":"Development of thin film coatings with polypyrrole (ppy) by physical plasma deposition technique (PAPVD) for electrochemical capacitor","authors":"F. I. Espinosa-Lagunes, Julieta Torres-González","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00230-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00230-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, new polypyrrole films (ppy) were synthesized using a physical plasma deposition (PAPVD) system; where the equipment design and methodology for plasma-assisted pyrrole polymerization were improvement. The morphology, functional groups, and thermal stability of the polymer network films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the films as capacitor were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results observed by SEM showed that the ppy 100W-1 and ppy 100W-2 films present uniformity in their structure. The analyses of TGA and DSC confirmed the improvement in stability; meanwhile for 100W-1 film, the presence of ppy bonds was corroborated by XPS. Plasma-activated ppy 100W-1 film exhibited higher capacitance and minor Rct resistance than that obtained for ppy 100W-2 film. The specific capacitances values of ppy 100W-1 and ppy 100w-2 films are 196 and 150 F/g in 1 M KCl. After charging and discharging tests of 1000 cycles at 5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> current density of ppy 100W-1 film retains 89% of its initial capacitance. Therefore, ppy 100W-1 film showed to be a promising material for use as an electrochemical capacitor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00230-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4817550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1007/s40243-023-00228-5
A. Angeline Dorothy, Puspamitra Panigrahi
Doping TiO2 with noble metals, transition metals, cations, anions have yielded very promising results in enhancing photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in the visible region and its role in generating alternate forms of energy. Noble metals in general can effectively slow down carrier recombination. However, the study of Pd and Ni as dopant can lead to a reliable and versatile TiO2-modified photocatalyst. In this paper, we explore the optical properties of Pd- and Ni-doped TiO2 by doping with 4.17% Ni and Pd dopant concentrations. The optical properties prove that Ni-doped TiO2 can absorb well in the visible region with an absorption coefficient of 1 × 105 cm−1. Hence, Ni-doped TiO2 can successfully alter the electronic and optical properties of TiO2 for favorable future applications. In the visible region, absorption coefficient of Pd-doped TiO2 supercell is around 1.2 × 105 cm−1 which is comparatively greater than that of pure TiO2 confirming its utility as a versatile and viable visible light photocatalyst. The other optical properties like reflectivity, refractivity, extinction coefficient and electron energy loss spectrum have also been studied.
{"title":"First principles study of optical properties of Ni- and Pd-doped TiO2 as visible light catalyst","authors":"A. Angeline Dorothy, Puspamitra Panigrahi","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00228-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00228-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Doping TiO<sub>2</sub> with noble metals, transition metals, cations, anions have yielded very promising results in enhancing photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> in the visible region and its role in generating alternate forms of energy. Noble metals in general can effectively slow down carrier recombination. However, the study of Pd and Ni as dopant can lead to a reliable and versatile TiO<sub>2</sub>-modified photocatalyst. In this paper, we explore the optical properties of Pd- and Ni-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> by doping with 4.17% Ni and Pd dopant concentrations. The optical properties prove that Ni-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> can absorb well in the visible region with an absorption coefficient of 1 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>. Hence, Ni-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> can successfully alter the electronic and optical properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> for favorable future applications. In the visible region, absorption coefficient of Pd-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> supercell is around 1.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup> which is comparatively greater than that of pure TiO<sub>2</sub> confirming its utility as a versatile and viable visible light photocatalyst. The other optical properties like reflectivity, refractivity, extinction coefficient and electron energy loss spectrum have also been studied.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00228-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4643414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.1007/s40243-023-00229-4
E. Noormohammadi, S. Sanjabi, F. Soavi, F. Poli
In this study, different Cobalt–Copper mixed oxides compositions for supercapacitor electrodes have been prepared, by means of electrodeposition and thermal annealing. The chemical–physical and electrochemical characterization of electrodes, as well as the effect of different Co/Cu in the ratios on the crystal lattice, electrode morphologies, and electrochemical performance of the electrodes, were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) tests. The results indicated that the electrode prepared from 0.06 M CoSO4·7H2O + 0.04 M CuSO4·5H2O solution (CC4) had a better electrochemical performance. The initial capacity of the CC4 electrode was 28.3 mAh/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s with a coulombic efficiency of 94%. CC4 electrode featured capacity retention of 79.2% at a constant current density of 1 A/g after 5000 cycles.
本研究采用电沉积和热退火的方法制备了不同的钴铜混合氧化物材料。采用x射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和恒流充放电(GCD)等测试方法,研究了电极的化学物理和电化学表征,以及不同Co/Cu配比对电极晶格、电极形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,由0.06 M CoSO4·7H2O + 0.04 M CuSO4·5H2O溶液(CC4)制备的电极具有较好的电化学性能。扫描速率为5 mV/s时,CC4电极的初始容量为28.3 mAh/g,库仑效率为94%。CC4电极在恒电流密度为1 a /g时,循环5000次后容量保持率为79.2%。
{"title":"Electrodeposited Cobalt–Copper mixed oxides for supercapacitor electrodes and investigation of the Co/Cu ratio on the electrochemical performance","authors":"E. Noormohammadi, S. Sanjabi, F. Soavi, F. Poli","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00229-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00229-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, different Cobalt–Copper mixed oxides compositions for supercapacitor electrodes have been prepared, by means of electrodeposition and thermal annealing. The chemical–physical and electrochemical characterization of electrodes, as well as the effect of different Co/Cu in the ratios on the crystal lattice, electrode morphologies, and electrochemical performance of the electrodes, were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) tests. The results indicated that the electrode prepared from 0.06 M CoSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O + 0.04 M CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O solution (CC4) had a better electrochemical performance. The initial capacity of the CC4 electrode was 28.3 mAh/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s with a coulombic efficiency of 94%. CC4 electrode featured capacity retention of 79.2% at a constant current density of 1 A/g after 5000 cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00229-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4376984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.1007/s40243-023-00227-6
Abhimanyu Singh, Gaurav Nath, Pawan Singh Dhapola, Sushant Kumar, Tejas Sharma, Yee Hang Soo, H. K. Jun, Pramod K. Singh, Sunanda Kakroo, Aalia Farid, Marium Khan, Serguei V. Savilov, M. Z. A. Yahya, Bhawana Joshi
The primary goal of the current study is to improve the specific capacitance of electric double-layer (EDLC) device using biomass (Tribulus Terrestris) derived activated carbon electrodes synthesized by chemical activation method. Furthermore, high surface area carbon electrodes are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm the morphological structure. Finally, the electrochemical performance of fabricated EDLC proves a good agreement data using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Low Impedance Spectroscopy (LIS), and Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) analysis showing the high specific capacitance of 115 Fg−1 for the optimized 1:2 activated carbon material.
{"title":"Biomass stemmed activated carbon electrodes toward a significant electric double-layer capacitor","authors":"Abhimanyu Singh, Gaurav Nath, Pawan Singh Dhapola, Sushant Kumar, Tejas Sharma, Yee Hang Soo, H. K. Jun, Pramod K. Singh, Sunanda Kakroo, Aalia Farid, Marium Khan, Serguei V. Savilov, M. Z. A. Yahya, Bhawana Joshi","doi":"10.1007/s40243-023-00227-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-023-00227-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary goal of the current study is to improve the specific capacitance of electric double-layer (EDLC) device using biomass (Tribulus Terrestris) derived activated carbon electrodes synthesized by chemical activation method. Furthermore, high surface area carbon electrodes are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm the morphological structure. Finally, the electrochemical performance of fabricated EDLC proves a good agreement data using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Low Impedance Spectroscopy (LIS), and Galvanostatic Charge–Discharge (GCD) analysis showing the high specific capacitance of 115 Fg<sup>−1</sup> for the optimized 1:2 activated carbon material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-023-00227-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4789627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.1007/s40243-022-00223-2
Catarina Pinho Correia Valério Bernardo, Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas, João Paulo Neto Torres, António Baptista
This research work aims to study photovoltaic systems that generate energy for self-consumption using different traditional technologies, such as silicon, and emerging technologies, like nanowires and quantum. The photovoltaic system without batteries was implemented in a residential property in three different places, in Portugal. According to Portuguese Law, the sale of surplus energy to the grid is possible but the respective value for its selling is not defined. To evaluate the project viability, two different analyses are considered: with and without the sale of surplus energy to the grid. Results show that if there is no sale of excess energy produced to the grid, the project is not economically viable considering the four different technologies. Otherwise, using traditional technologies, the project is economically viable, presenting a payback time lower than 10 years. This shows that the introduction of nanostructures in solar cells is not yet a good solution in the application of solar systems namely with the current law. Furthermore, independently of the used technology, the current Portuguese law seems to difficult the investment return, which should not be the way to encourage the use of renewable sources.
{"title":"Comparative analysis between traditional and emerging technologies: economic and viability evaluation in a real case scenario","authors":"Catarina Pinho Correia Valério Bernardo, Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas, João Paulo Neto Torres, António Baptista","doi":"10.1007/s40243-022-00223-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-022-00223-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research work aims to study photovoltaic systems that generate energy for self-consumption using different traditional technologies, such as silicon, and emerging technologies, like nanowires and quantum. The photovoltaic system without batteries was implemented in a residential property in three different places, in Portugal. According to Portuguese Law, the sale of surplus energy to the grid is possible but the respective value for its selling is not defined. To evaluate the project viability, two different analyses are considered: with and without the sale of surplus energy to the grid. Results show that if there is no sale of excess energy produced to the grid, the project is not economically viable considering the four different technologies. Otherwise, using traditional technologies, the project is economically viable, presenting a payback time lower than 10 years. This shows that the introduction of nanostructures in solar cells is not yet a good solution in the application of solar systems namely with the current law. Furthermore, independently of the used technology, the current Portuguese law seems to difficult the investment return, which should not be the way to encourage the use of renewable sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-022-00223-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4646764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1007/s40243-022-00225-0
K. A. Musiliyu, E. D. Ogunmola, A. A. Ajayi, O. W. Abodunrin
Zinc oxide is one of the most researched semiconductors owing to the outstanding properties that make it useful in various industrial applications, such as solar cells and other optoelectronics. In this work, ZnO thin films were prepared in five different concentrations and doped with four nitrogen atoms from triethylene tetramine (TETA) to fabricate a ZnO for optoelectronic applications using an electrodeposition technique. The doped ZnO thin films were synthesized and deposited on ITO glass substrates. The deposited thin films were annealed at 400°Cfor 60min in a furnace under the same conditions. The thin films' optical, electrical, and surface morphological properties were characterized using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer, Four Point Probe (FPP), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The optical properties confirmed the film's suitability for various transparent device applications with a high optical transmittance of about 90% at the wavelength between 250 and 950 nm. The optical band gaps of 3.25 eV to 3.50 eV were obtained at ZnO concentrations from 0.2 M to 1.0 M. The SEM images depicted a polycrystalline nature of the films with irregular nanoparticle shapes across the substrates. Electrical results established the high conductivity of nitrogen-doped ZnO thin films, thereby making the thin films suitable as transparent conducting oxides for devices such as solar cells and optoelectronics.
氧化锌是研究最多的半导体之一,因为它具有优异的性能,在各种工业应用中都很有用,比如太阳能电池和其他光电子产品。在这项工作中,采用电沉积技术制备了五种不同浓度的ZnO薄膜,并掺杂了四个来自三乙烯四胺(TETA)的氮原子,以制备用于光电应用的ZnO。合成了掺杂ZnO薄膜,并将其沉积在ITO玻璃衬底上。在相同的条件下,将沉积的薄膜在400℃的炉中退火60min。利用紫外可见分光光度计、四点探针(FPP)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别对薄膜的光学、电学和表面形貌进行了表征。光学性质证实了该薄膜适用于各种透明器件的应用,在波长250至950 nm之间具有约90%的高透光率。在ZnO浓度为0.2 M ~ 1.0 M时,薄膜的光学带隙为3.25 eV ~ 3.50 eV, SEM图像显示薄膜具有不规则的纳米颗粒形状。电学结果确定了氮掺杂ZnO薄膜的高导电性,从而使薄膜适合作为透明导电氧化物用于太阳能电池和光电子等器件。
{"title":"Effect of concentration on the properties of nitrogen-doped zinc oxide thin films grown by electrodeposition","authors":"K. A. Musiliyu, E. D. Ogunmola, A. A. Ajayi, O. W. Abodunrin","doi":"10.1007/s40243-022-00225-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-022-00225-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zinc oxide is one of the most researched semiconductors owing to the outstanding properties that make it useful in various industrial applications, such as solar cells and other optoelectronics. In this work, ZnO thin films were prepared in five different concentrations and doped with four nitrogen atoms from triethylene tetramine (TETA) to fabricate a ZnO for optoelectronic applications using an electrodeposition technique. The doped ZnO thin films were synthesized and deposited on ITO glass substrates. The deposited thin films were annealed at 400°Cfor 60min in a furnace under the same conditions. The thin films' optical, electrical, and surface morphological properties were characterized using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer, Four Point Probe (FPP), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The optical properties confirmed the film's suitability for various transparent device applications with a high optical transmittance of about 90% at the wavelength between 250 and 950 nm. The optical band gaps of 3.25 eV to 3.50 eV were obtained at ZnO concentrations from 0.2 M to 1.0 M. The SEM images depicted a polycrystalline nature of the films with irregular nanoparticle shapes across the substrates. Electrical results established the high conductivity of nitrogen-doped ZnO thin films, thereby making the thin films suitable as transparent conducting oxides for devices such as solar cells and optoelectronics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-022-00225-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5002439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1007/s40243-022-00226-z
Chijioke Raphael Onyeagba, Majedul Islam, Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda, Tuquabo Tesfamichael
Tin oxide (SnO2) nano-crystalline thin films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates at room temperature by sputtering at a constant power of 30 W and different working pressure of 10, 7, and 5 mTorr. Surface morphology, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated to optimise the deposition condition of the films as electron transport layer (ETL) for high-power conversion efficiency perovskite solar cells. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis–NIR Spectrophotometer, and Four-point probe. SnO2 films obtained at working pressure of 10 mTorr exhibited uniform surface morphology with high light transmittance (90%) and conductivity (4 S/m). These sputtered SnO2 films appeared to have shown promising properties as ETL for PSC, and further investigation is justified to establish the optimal fabrication parameters and resulting energy conversion efficiency.
{"title":"Investigating the properties of tin-oxide thin film developed by sputtering process for perovskite solar cells","authors":"Chijioke Raphael Onyeagba, Majedul Islam, Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda, Tuquabo Tesfamichael","doi":"10.1007/s40243-022-00226-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40243-022-00226-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) nano-crystalline thin films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates at room temperature by sputtering at a constant power of 30 W and different working pressure of 10, 7, and 5 mTorr. Surface morphology, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated to optimise the deposition condition of the films as electron transport layer (ETL) for high-power conversion efficiency perovskite solar cells. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis–NIR Spectrophotometer, and Four-point probe. SnO<sub>2</sub> films obtained at working pressure of 10 mTorr exhibited uniform surface morphology with high light transmittance (90%) and conductivity (4 S/m). These sputtered SnO<sub>2</sub> films appeared to have shown promising properties as ETL for PSC, and further investigation is justified to establish the optimal fabrication parameters and resulting energy conversion efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":692,"journal":{"name":"Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40243-022-00226-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4848111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}