Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00834-x
Daniely Oliveira do Nascimento Rocha, Lucia Oliveira Macedo, Jéssica Cardoso Pessoa de Oliveira, Samuel Souza Silva, Herbert Patric Kellermann Cleveland, Carlos Alberto do Nascimento Ramos, Alex Santos Marques, Leucio Câmara Alves, Gílcia Aparecida de Carvalho, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos
Purpose: Medical and veterinary filarial nematodes are transmitted by blood-feeding vectors. In dogs, these parasites are mainly represented by nematodes in which microfilariae dwell in the blood (Dirofilaria spp. and Acanthocheilonema spp.) or skin (Cercopithifilaria spp. and Onchocerca lupi). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these filarial infections in dogs residing in a touristic, heavily populated location in the northeastern region of Brazil.
Methods: Blood samples (n = 245) were assessed by a modified Knott test, followed by a qualitative ELISA test (SNAP® 4Dx® Plus, IDEXX Laboratory, Westbrook, Maine, USA) for the detection of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia spp. and antigens of Dirofilaria immitis. Skin samples (n = 71) were microscopically examined and molecularly assessed through a PCR targeting the 12 S rRNA gene.
Results: Microfilariae and antigen of D. immitis were detected simultaneously in 15 (6.1%; 95% CI = 3.7-9.8) animals. Nine animals (3.6%; 95% CI = 1.9-6.8) were D. immitis antigen positive but microfilariae negative and nine other animals (3.6%; 95% CI = 1.9-6.8) were microfilariae positive but D. immitis antigen negative. D. immitis positive dogs were found in four different municipalities. No filarioids were detected in the skin after microscopical and molecular analyses.
Conclusion: Data from this study demonstrate that D. immitis is the main filarial nematode infecting dogs in coastal areas in northeastern Brazil. Based on the potential risk of infection in which animals are submitted, it is essential to perform tests to detect microfilariae and D. immitis antigen. Preventive measures must be adopted by using microfilaricidal compounds and anti-feeding insecticides to prevent canine infection.
目的:医疗和兽医丝虫是通过吸血媒介传播的。在狗体内,这些寄生虫主要是寄生在血液(Dirofilaria spp.和 Acanthocheilonema spp.)或皮肤(Cercopithifilaria spp.和 Onchocerca lupi)中的微丝虫。本研究的目的是确定这些丝虫感染在巴西东北部一个旅游景点、人口稠密地区的犬只中的流行情况:对血液样本(n = 245)采用改良的诺特试验进行评估,然后进行定性 ELISA 试验(SNAP® 4Dx® Plus,IDEXX Laboratory,Westbrook,Maine,USA),以检测针对阿纳普拉丝虫属(Anaplasma spp.)、普通鲍曼不动杆菌(Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato)、埃立克原虫(Ehrlichia spp.)和密螺旋体二螺旋体(Dirofilaria immitis)抗原的抗体。对皮肤样本(n = 71)进行了显微镜检查,并通过针对 12 S rRNA 基因的 PCR 进行了分子评估:结果:15 只动物(6.1%;95% CI = 3.7-9.8)同时检测到了微丝蚴和水蚤抗原。9只动物(3.6%;95% CI = 1.9-6.8)的潜蝇抗原阳性但微丝蚴阴性,另外9只动物(3.6%;95% CI = 1.9-6.8)的微丝蚴阳性但潜蝇抗原阴性。在四个不同的城市中都发现了丝虫抗体阳性的狗。经显微镜和分子分析,在皮肤中未发现丝虫:这项研究的数据表明,D. immitis 是巴西东北部沿海地区感染狗的主要丝虫。鉴于动物感染的潜在风险,必须对微丝蚴和白喉丝虫抗原进行检测。必须采取预防措施,使用杀灭微丝蚴的化合物和抗食性杀虫剂来防止犬感染。
{"title":"Filarial Nematodes in Dogs from the Northeast Region of Brazil.","authors":"Daniely Oliveira do Nascimento Rocha, Lucia Oliveira Macedo, Jéssica Cardoso Pessoa de Oliveira, Samuel Souza Silva, Herbert Patric Kellermann Cleveland, Carlos Alberto do Nascimento Ramos, Alex Santos Marques, Leucio Câmara Alves, Gílcia Aparecida de Carvalho, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00834-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00834-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Medical and veterinary filarial nematodes are transmitted by blood-feeding vectors. In dogs, these parasites are mainly represented by nematodes in which microfilariae dwell in the blood (Dirofilaria spp. and Acanthocheilonema spp.) or skin (Cercopithifilaria spp. and Onchocerca lupi). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these filarial infections in dogs residing in a touristic, heavily populated location in the northeastern region of Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples (n = 245) were assessed by a modified Knott test, followed by a qualitative ELISA test (SNAP® 4Dx® Plus, IDEXX Laboratory, Westbrook, Maine, USA) for the detection of antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia spp. and antigens of Dirofilaria immitis. Skin samples (n = 71) were microscopically examined and molecularly assessed through a PCR targeting the 12 S rRNA gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microfilariae and antigen of D. immitis were detected simultaneously in 15 (6.1%; 95% CI = 3.7-9.8) animals. Nine animals (3.6%; 95% CI = 1.9-6.8) were D. immitis antigen positive but microfilariae negative and nine other animals (3.6%; 95% CI = 1.9-6.8) were microfilariae positive but D. immitis antigen negative. D. immitis positive dogs were found in four different municipalities. No filarioids were detected in the skin after microscopical and molecular analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data from this study demonstrate that D. immitis is the main filarial nematode infecting dogs in coastal areas in northeastern Brazil. Based on the potential risk of infection in which animals are submitted, it is essential to perform tests to detect microfilariae and D. immitis antigen. Preventive measures must be adopted by using microfilaricidal compounds and anti-feeding insecticides to prevent canine infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140304332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00849-4
Delane C Kritsky, Ali Adnan Al-Darwesh, Atheer H Ali
Purple-spotted bigeyes Priacanthus tayenus Richardson (Priacanthidae) and bartail flathead Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus) (Platycephalidae) were collected from the Arabian Gulf and examined for species of Monogenoidea (Polyonchoinea) from February to December 2020. Diplectanum robustitubum Wu & Li, 2003 and an undescribed species of Platycephalotrema Kritsky & Nitta, 2019 were recovered from the gill lamellae of these hosts, respectively. Diplectanum robustitubum from Iraq was redescribed and transferred to Oliveriplectanum Domingues & Boeger, 2008 (Diplectanidae) as Oliveriplectanum robustitubum (Wu & Li, 2003) n. comb. Platycephalotrema parile n. sp. (Dactylogyridae) from Iraq and Kuwait was described and differentiated from the similar species, Haliotrema indicum Tripathi, 1959, Platycephalotrema ogawai Kritsky & Nitta, 2019, and Platycephalotrema platycephali (Yin & Sproston, 1948) Kritsky & Nitta, 2019, based primarily on the comparative morphologies of the vaginal sclerites. Haliotrema indicum was transferred to Platycephalotrema as Platycephalotrema indicum (Tripathi, 1959) n. comb. and Haliotrema swatowense Yao, Wang, Xia, & Chen, 1998 was considered a junior subjective synonym of P. indicum. The finding of O. robustitubum in the Arabian Gulf represents a new geographic record for the species.
Background: The present paper represents the third installment concerning the monogenoids collected during surveys to explore their diversity on the marine and freshwater fishes of Iraq. Previous installments on the monogenoids emanating from the surveys included the dactylogyrid and gyrodactylid species parasitizing mugilid fishes.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to further document the diversity of monogenoids infecting the fishes of Iraq.
Methods: Marine fishes were necropsied for parasites, and standard procedures for collecting, mounting, drawing, and measuring of monogenoids were employed.
Results: Oliveriplectanum robustitubum n. comb. (Diplectanidae) and Platycephalotrema parile n. sp. (Dactylogyridae) were collected. The occurrence of O. robustitubum in the Arabian Gulf represented a new locality record for the species.
Conclusion: The recorded presence of O. robustitubum and P. parile n. sp. suggests that the diversity of monogenoids in Iraq is under estimated in the literature.
{"title":"Taxonomic Status of Diplectanum robustitubum Wu & Li, 2003 (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae) from the Purple-Spotted Bigeye Priacanthus tayenus (Priacanthidae) and the Description of Platycephalotrema parile n. sp. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from the Bartail Flathead Platycephalus indicus (Platycephalidae), in the Arabian Gulf.","authors":"Delane C Kritsky, Ali Adnan Al-Darwesh, Atheer H Ali","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00849-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00849-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purple-spotted bigeyes Priacanthus tayenus Richardson (Priacanthidae) and bartail flathead Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus) (Platycephalidae) were collected from the Arabian Gulf and examined for species of Monogenoidea (Polyonchoinea) from February to December 2020. Diplectanum robustitubum Wu & Li, 2003 and an undescribed species of Platycephalotrema Kritsky & Nitta, 2019 were recovered from the gill lamellae of these hosts, respectively. Diplectanum robustitubum from Iraq was redescribed and transferred to Oliveriplectanum Domingues & Boeger, 2008 (Diplectanidae) as Oliveriplectanum robustitubum (Wu & Li, 2003) n. comb. Platycephalotrema parile n. sp. (Dactylogyridae) from Iraq and Kuwait was described and differentiated from the similar species, Haliotrema indicum Tripathi, 1959, Platycephalotrema ogawai Kritsky & Nitta, 2019, and Platycephalotrema platycephali (Yin & Sproston, 1948) Kritsky & Nitta, 2019, based primarily on the comparative morphologies of the vaginal sclerites. Haliotrema indicum was transferred to Platycephalotrema as Platycephalotrema indicum (Tripathi, 1959) n. comb. and Haliotrema swatowense Yao, Wang, Xia, & Chen, 1998 was considered a junior subjective synonym of P. indicum. The finding of O. robustitubum in the Arabian Gulf represents a new geographic record for the species.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The present paper represents the third installment concerning the monogenoids collected during surveys to explore their diversity on the marine and freshwater fishes of Iraq. Previous installments on the monogenoids emanating from the surveys included the dactylogyrid and gyrodactylid species parasitizing mugilid fishes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to further document the diversity of monogenoids infecting the fishes of Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Marine fishes were necropsied for parasites, and standard procedures for collecting, mounting, drawing, and measuring of monogenoids were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oliveriplectanum robustitubum n. comb. (Diplectanidae) and Platycephalotrema parile n. sp. (Dactylogyridae) were collected. The occurrence of O. robustitubum in the Arabian Gulf represented a new locality record for the species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The recorded presence of O. robustitubum and P. parile n. sp. suggests that the diversity of monogenoids in Iraq is under estimated in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141097239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00851-w
Rasha Fadly Mady, Mona Mohamed El-Temsahy, Yasmine Amr Issa, Aya Saied Zaghloul, Safaa Ibrahim Khedr
Purpose: Searching for a novel early diagnostic biomarker for toxoplasmosis, real-time-PCR was currently used to measure the serum mmu-miR-511-5p level in male Swiss-albino mice infected with either; ME49 or RH Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strains.
Methods: Three mice groups were used; (GI) constituted the non-infected control group, while (GII) and (GIII) were experimentally infected with ME49 or RH strains, respectively. GII mice were orally infected using 10 or 20 ME49 cysts (ME-10 and ME-20), both were subdivided into; non-treated (ME-10-NT and ME-20-NT) and were further subdivided into; immunocompetent (ME-10-IC and ME-20-IC) [euthanized 3-days, 1, 2, 6 or 8-weeks post-infection (PI)], and immunosuppressed using two Endoxan® injections (ME-10-IS and ME-20-IS) [euthanized 6- or 8-weeks PI], and spiramycin-treated (ME-10-SP and ME-20-SP) that received daily spiramycin, for one-week before euthanasia. GIII mice individually received 2500 intraperitoneal RH strain tachyzoites, then, were subdivided into; non-treated (RH-NT) [euthanized 3 or 5-days PI], and spiramycin-treated (RH-SP) that were euthanized 5 or 10-days PI (refer to the graphical abstract).
Results: Revealed significant upregulation of mmu-miR-511-5p in GII, one-week PI, with gradually increased expression, reaching its maximum 8-weeks PI, especially in ME-20-NT group that received the higher infective dose. Immunosuppression increased the upregulation. Contrarily, treatment caused significant downregulation. GIII recorded significant upregulation 3-days PI, yet, treatment significantly decreased this expression.
Conclusion: Serum mmu-miR-511-5p is a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of ME49 and RH infection (as early as one-week and 3-days, respectively), and its expression varies according to T. gondii infective dose, duration of infection, spiramycin-treatment and host immune status.
{"title":"MicroRNA mmu-miR-511-5p: A promising Diagnostic Biomarker in Experimental Toxoplasmosis Using Different Strains and Infective Doses in Mice with Different Immune States Before and After Treatment.","authors":"Rasha Fadly Mady, Mona Mohamed El-Temsahy, Yasmine Amr Issa, Aya Saied Zaghloul, Safaa Ibrahim Khedr","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00851-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00851-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Searching for a novel early diagnostic biomarker for toxoplasmosis, real-time-PCR was currently used to measure the serum mmu-miR-511-5p level in male Swiss-albino mice infected with either; ME49 or RH Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three mice groups were used; (GI) constituted the non-infected control group, while (GII) and (GIII) were experimentally infected with ME49 or RH strains, respectively. GII mice were orally infected using 10 or 20 ME49 cysts (ME-10 and ME-20), both were subdivided into; non-treated (ME-10-NT and ME-20-NT) and were further subdivided into; immunocompetent (ME-10-IC and ME-20-IC) [euthanized 3-days, 1, 2, 6 or 8-weeks post-infection (PI)], and immunosuppressed using two Endoxan<sup>®</sup> injections (ME-10-IS and ME-20-IS) [euthanized 6- or 8-weeks PI], and spiramycin-treated (ME-10-SP and ME-20-SP) that received daily spiramycin, for one-week before euthanasia. GIII mice individually received 2500 intraperitoneal RH strain tachyzoites, then, were subdivided into; non-treated (RH-NT) [euthanized 3 or 5-days PI], and spiramycin-treated (RH-SP) that were euthanized 5 or 10-days PI (refer to the graphical abstract).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Revealed significant upregulation of mmu-miR-511-5p in GII, one-week PI, with gradually increased expression, reaching its maximum 8-weeks PI, especially in ME-20-NT group that received the higher infective dose. Immunosuppression increased the upregulation. Contrarily, treatment caused significant downregulation. GIII recorded significant upregulation 3-days PI, yet, treatment significantly decreased this expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum mmu-miR-511-5p is a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of ME49 and RH infection (as early as one-week and 3-days, respectively), and its expression varies according to T. gondii infective dose, duration of infection, spiramycin-treatment and host immune status.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00836-9
Si Si Ru, Chi Cheng, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang
Sparganosis has been a neglected parasitic zoonosis for a long time. The accurate identification of Spirometra tapeworms in clinical practice is poorly understood. A case of breast sparganosis was reported in Henan Province of central China. One plerocercoid approximately 3.5 cm in length was collected from the patient. The clinical isolate was identified as Spirometra mansoni based on the barcoding sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Finally, the epidemiology of sparganosis in central China was reviewed. Comprehensive public health education should be carried out, and the risky habit of eating live tadpoles must be discouraged in Henan Province.
长期以来,螺旋体绦虫病一直是一种被忽视的人畜共患寄生虫病。在临床实践中,对螺旋体绦虫的准确识别了解甚少。中国中部河南省报告了一例乳腺螺旋体病。从患者身上采集到一条长约 3.5 厘米的盘尾丝虫。根据线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 1(cox1)的条形码序列,临床分离物被鉴定为曼氏螺旋体。最后,综述了华中地区麻风病的流行病学。河南省应开展全面的公共卫生教育,劝阻食用活蝌蚪的危险习惯。
{"title":"Identification of a Clinical Spirometra mansoni Plerocercoid Isolate Using Molecular and Morphological Data.","authors":"Si Si Ru, Chi Cheng, Peng Jiang, Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00836-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00836-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sparganosis has been a neglected parasitic zoonosis for a long time. The accurate identification of Spirometra tapeworms in clinical practice is poorly understood. A case of breast sparganosis was reported in Henan Province of central China. One plerocercoid approximately 3.5 cm in length was collected from the patient. The clinical isolate was identified as Spirometra mansoni based on the barcoding sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Finally, the epidemiology of sparganosis in central China was reviewed. Comprehensive public health education should be carried out, and the risky habit of eating live tadpoles must be discouraged in Henan Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140304343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00785-9
Sergio Andres Cardenas-Cadena, Maria Eugenia Castañeda-Lopez, Fabiana Esther Mollinedo-Montaño, Sodel Vazquez-Reyes, Jorge Lara-Arias, Ivan Alberto Marino-Martinez, Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez, Idalia Garza-Veloz, Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
{"title":"Correction: Tick-Borne Pathogens Screening Using a Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method.","authors":"Sergio Andres Cardenas-Cadena, Maria Eugenia Castañeda-Lopez, Fabiana Esther Mollinedo-Montaño, Sodel Vazquez-Reyes, Jorge Lara-Arias, Ivan Alberto Marino-Martinez, Iram Pablo Rodriguez-Sanchez, Idalia Garza-Veloz, Margarita L Martinez-Fierro","doi":"10.1007/s11686-023-00785-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-023-00785-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00841-y
Mahmoud N El-Shall, Ibrahim Aly, Alaa Samen, Wesam M Salama, Fadi Baakdah
Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a lateral flow card for the detection of active Schistosoma haematobium infection.
Methods: In order to prepare the immunochromatography lateral flow strip (ICLFS), antibodies purified from schistosomiasis were conjugated passively with gold nanoparticles using a potassium carbonate buffer.
Results: The novel ICLFS was able to correctly identify 64 out of 67 samples of schistosomiasis, 6 out of 90 samples of other parasites, and 0 out of 27 control samples. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were 95.5%, 93.3%, 90%, and 91.4% respectively. Comparatively, the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were 91.1%, 88.8%, 85.9%, and 84.4% respectively. The increased sensitivity and specificity of ICLFS produced superior results to those of sandwich ELISA.
Conclusion: In conclusion, ICLFS is more beneficial and precise than sandwich ELISA for detection of S. haematobium infection at early stage.
{"title":"Immunochromatography Lateral Flow Strip Enhancement Based on Passive Gold Nanoparticles Conjugation to Detect Schistosma haematobium Antigens in Human Serum.","authors":"Mahmoud N El-Shall, Ibrahim Aly, Alaa Samen, Wesam M Salama, Fadi Baakdah","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00841-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00841-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a lateral flow card for the detection of active Schistosoma haematobium infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to prepare the immunochromatography lateral flow strip (ICLFS), antibodies purified from schistosomiasis were conjugated passively with gold nanoparticles using a potassium carbonate buffer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The novel ICLFS was able to correctly identify 64 out of 67 samples of schistosomiasis, 6 out of 90 samples of other parasites, and 0 out of 27 control samples. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were 95.5%, 93.3%, 90%, and 91.4% respectively. Comparatively, the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and PPV of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were 91.1%, 88.8%, 85.9%, and 84.4% respectively. The increased sensitivity and specificity of ICLFS produced superior results to those of sandwich ELISA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, ICLFS is more beneficial and precise than sandwich ELISA for detection of S. haematobium infection at early stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). In immunocompetent individuals, the infection is often asymptomatic; however, in expectant mothers and those with immune system deficiencies, complications may arise. Consequently, there is a need for new drugs that cause minimal damage to host cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antiparasitic efficacy of quinolone-coumarin hybrids QC1-QC12, derived from quinolone antibacterials and novobiocin, against T. gondii.
Methods: The derivatives were compared with novobiocin and ciprofloxacin during testing, with pyrimethamine used as a positive control. We conducted the MTT assay to examine the anti-toxoplasmic effects of the test compounds and novobiocin. Evaluation included the infection and proliferation indices, as well as the size and number of plaques, based on the viability of both healthy and infected cells.
Results: The in vitro assays revealed that QC1, QC3, QC6, and novobiocin, with selectivity indices (SIs) of 7.27, 13.43, and 8.23, respectively, had the least toxic effect on healthy cells and the highest effect on infected cells compared to pyrimethamine (SI = 3.05). Compared to pyrimethamine, QC1, QC3, QC6, and novobiocin Without having a significant effect on cell viability, demonstrated a significant effect on reducing in both infection index and proliferation index, in addition to reducing the quantity and dimensions of plaques ( P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on our results, QC1, QC3, QC6, and novobiocin due to their significant therapeutic effects could be considered as potential new leads in the development of novel anti-Toxoplasma agents.
{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Parasitic Activities of Quinolone-Coumarin Hybrids Derived from Fluoroquinolones and Novobiocin Against Toxoplasma gondii.","authors":"Saeed Emami, Mitra Sadeghi, Shayesteh Shahdin, Ahmad Daryani, Alireza Khalilian, Majid Pirestani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Mahboobeh Montazeri, Zahra Hosseini Nejad, Shahabeddin Sarvi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00852-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00852-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). In immunocompetent individuals, the infection is often asymptomatic; however, in expectant mothers and those with immune system deficiencies, complications may arise. Consequently, there is a need for new drugs that cause minimal damage to host cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro antiparasitic efficacy of quinolone-coumarin hybrids QC1-QC12, derived from quinolone antibacterials and novobiocin, against T. gondii.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The derivatives were compared with novobiocin and ciprofloxacin during testing, with pyrimethamine used as a positive control. We conducted the MTT assay to examine the anti-toxoplasmic effects of the test compounds and novobiocin. Evaluation included the infection and proliferation indices, as well as the size and number of plaques, based on the viability of both healthy and infected cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The in vitro assays revealed that QC1, QC3, QC6, and novobiocin, with selectivity indices (SIs) of 7.27, 13.43, and 8.23, respectively, had the least toxic effect on healthy cells and the highest effect on infected cells compared to pyrimethamine (SI = 3.05). Compared to pyrimethamine, QC1, QC3, QC6, and novobiocin Without having a significant effect on cell viability, demonstrated a significant effect on reducing in both infection index and proliferation index, in addition to reducing the quantity and dimensions of plaques ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our results, QC1, QC3, QC6, and novobiocin due to their significant therapeutic effects could be considered as potential new leads in the development of novel anti-Toxoplasma agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140943431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Leishmania is an intracellular flagellate protozoan parasite that causes a wide range of clinical diseases in humans. The basis of immunological resistance against leishmaniasis depends on Thl reactions and is within the time period of cytokine function.
Methods: In this study, human anti-IL17 antibody and IFNγ-producing promastigote were produced to be used in leishmanization. A sequence of light and heavy chains' gene of anti-IL17 antibody and human IFNγ (hIFNγ) was obtained from the NCBI database and synthesized in the ECORV reaction site in the plasmid pGH, which it's called pGH-hIFNγ-antiIL17. The synthesized part using the restriction enzyme ECORV was extracted from the plasmid and after purification by electroporation was transferred to Iranian lizard Leishmania (I.L.L). Evaluation of structural presence in the I.L.L genome at the level of DNA and mRNA was assessed. The expressions of hIFNγ and anti-IL17 were evaluated and confirmed using ELISA and western blot analysis. The hIFNγ secreted from the culture medium was collected at high concentrations of 124.36 ± 6.47 pg/mL.
Results: Targeted gene replacement into the I.L.L genome was successfully performed for the first time using the pGH-hIFNγ-antiIL17 plasmid in an identical replacement process. Stabilized recombinant DNA contains a target gene that has no toxicity to the parasite.
Conclusions: The effective achievement of producing a recombinant gene was done for the first time by replacing the I.L.L-CPC gene with plasmid pGH-hIFNγ-antiIL17 by targeted gene replacement. This cab can regulate the production of hIFNγ and anti-IL17. This makes it a viable choice for eliminating leishmania.
{"title":"Heterologous Expression of Human IFNγ and Anti-IL17 Antibody in Leishmania tarentolae Promastigote.","authors":"Arian Karimi Rouzbahani, Seyedeh-Zeinab Hosseini, Mojgan Bandehpour, Bahram Kazemi, Afsaneh Tavasoli, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Farnaz Kheirandish","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00822-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00822-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leishmania is an intracellular flagellate protozoan parasite that causes a wide range of clinical diseases in humans. The basis of immunological resistance against leishmaniasis depends on Thl reactions and is within the time period of cytokine function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, human anti-IL17 antibody and IFNγ-producing promastigote were produced to be used in leishmanization. A sequence of light and heavy chains' gene of anti-IL17 antibody and human IFNγ (hIFNγ) was obtained from the NCBI database and synthesized in the ECORV reaction site in the plasmid pGH, which it's called pGH-hIFNγ-antiIL17. The synthesized part using the restriction enzyme ECORV was extracted from the plasmid and after purification by electroporation was transferred to Iranian lizard Leishmania (I.L.L). Evaluation of structural presence in the I.L.L genome at the level of DNA and mRNA was assessed. The expressions of hIFNγ and anti-IL17 were evaluated and confirmed using ELISA and western blot analysis. The hIFNγ secreted from the culture medium was collected at high concentrations of 124.36 ± 6.47 pg/mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Targeted gene replacement into the I.L.L genome was successfully performed for the first time using the pGH-hIFNγ-antiIL17 plasmid in an identical replacement process. Stabilized recombinant DNA contains a target gene that has no toxicity to the parasite.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effective achievement of producing a recombinant gene was done for the first time by replacing the I.L.L-CPC gene with plasmid pGH-hIFNγ-antiIL17 by targeted gene replacement. This cab can regulate the production of hIFNγ and anti-IL17. This makes it a viable choice for eliminating leishmania.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140304342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00829-8
Sakunika Amarasingha, N M T Anupama, Rupika S Rajakaruna, R P V J Rajapakse, Piyumali K Perera
Purpose: Soil-transmitted nematodes (STNs) are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly where the communities are socio-economically challenged. We investigated the effect of soil temperature on the prevalence and intensity of STN infection in free-roaming dogs.
Methods: Fresh faecal samples collected from free-roaming dogs in Digana and Pussellawa town areas in the Kandy District, Sri Lanka, were microscopically analysed for canine STNs. Soil temperature was measured at each sampling site. Highly prevalent canine hookworm Ancylostoma, was further studied using PCR and sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis.
Results: The soil temperature ranged between 28 and 31 °C (mean = 29.79 °C) and 18-21 °C (mean = 19.52 °C) in Digana and Pussellawa, respectively, showing a significant difference in the two sites (Students t-test t = 1.68, p < 0.0001). Of the total 44 dogs sampled, 41 (93.2%) were positive for STNs. During microscopic analysis, five nematodes: Ancylostoma spp., Capillaria sp., Strongyloides sp., Toxocara canis, and Trichuris sp., were identified. Ancylostoma species (93.2%) were the most prevalent, followed by Strongyloides sp. (22.7%) and Toxocara canis (15.9%). Infection prevalence of Strongyloides sp. was higher in Digana (40.9%) compared to that in Pussellawa (4.5%; Chi-square test, χ2 = 8.28, p = 0.004) and also the infection intensity from Digana (EPG = 8.02 ± 20.2) compared to that from Pussellawa (0.45 ± 2.1; Mann Whitney U test, p = 0.006). Amplicons (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the expected size for A. caninum, and A. tubaeforme were produced. An A. caninum sequence reported here (OQ101719) illustrated the highest similarity of 99.2% to one of the local sequences (MZ707153) upon pairwise comparison.
Conclusion: Digana, with a higher soil temperature than Pussellawa, had a significantly higher prevalence and infection intensity, particularly Strongyloides sp. This study also signifies the first molecular identification of hookworm species A. tubaeforme in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Temperature on Canine Soil-Transmitted Nematodes in Kandy District with the First Record of Hookworm, Ancylostoma tubaeforme from Sri Lanka.","authors":"Sakunika Amarasingha, N M T Anupama, Rupika S Rajakaruna, R P V J Rajapakse, Piyumali K Perera","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00829-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00829-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Soil-transmitted nematodes (STNs) are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly where the communities are socio-economically challenged. We investigated the effect of soil temperature on the prevalence and intensity of STN infection in free-roaming dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh faecal samples collected from free-roaming dogs in Digana and Pussellawa town areas in the Kandy District, Sri Lanka, were microscopically analysed for canine STNs. Soil temperature was measured at each sampling site. Highly prevalent canine hookworm Ancylostoma, was further studied using PCR and sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The soil temperature ranged between 28 and 31 °C (mean = 29.79 °C) and 18-21 °C (mean = 19.52 °C) in Digana and Pussellawa, respectively, showing a significant difference in the two sites (Students t-test t = 1.68, p < 0.0001). Of the total 44 dogs sampled, 41 (93.2%) were positive for STNs. During microscopic analysis, five nematodes: Ancylostoma spp., Capillaria sp., Strongyloides sp., Toxocara canis, and Trichuris sp., were identified. Ancylostoma species (93.2%) were the most prevalent, followed by Strongyloides sp. (22.7%) and Toxocara canis (15.9%). Infection prevalence of Strongyloides sp. was higher in Digana (40.9%) compared to that in Pussellawa (4.5%; Chi-square test, χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.28, p = 0.004) and also the infection intensity from Digana (EPG = 8.02 ± 20.2) compared to that from Pussellawa (0.45 ± 2.1; Mann Whitney U test, p = 0.006). Amplicons (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the expected size for A. caninum, and A. tubaeforme were produced. An A. caninum sequence reported here (OQ101719) illustrated the highest similarity of 99.2% to one of the local sequences (MZ707153) upon pairwise comparison.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digana, with a higher soil temperature than Pussellawa, had a significantly higher prevalence and infection intensity, particularly Strongyloides sp. This study also signifies the first molecular identification of hookworm species A. tubaeforme in Sri Lanka.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of common non-viral sexually transmitted infections worldwide. However, the biological features, such as genotypes and endosymbionts, of T. vaginalis isolated in Japan remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the actin-based genotypes and the endosymbionts of T. vaginalis isolated in Sapporo, Japan.
Methods: Three T. vaginalis clinical strains were isolated in Sapporo, Japan between 2019 and 2022. Actin-based genotyping was conducted by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The endosymbionts, such as Mycoplasma sp. and Trichomonasvirus, were detected using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, the detected Mycoplasma spp. were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results: Of the three T. vaginalis strains, two belonged to genotype E, whereas one was genotype G as determined by actin-based genotyping. Two of the T. vaginalis strains harbored Mycoplasma spp. Using nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, both were identified as Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii. In contrast, the Trichomonasvirus was not found in the T. vaginalis strains.
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of actin-based genotypes and the presence of endosymbiotic Ca. M. girerdii in T. vaginalis strains in Japan. Thus, this study will provide an important impetus for future research.
目的:阴道毛滴虫是全球常见非病毒性传播感染的病原体。然而,在日本分离到的阴道毛滴虫的基因型和内生菌等生物学特征仍不清楚。本研究的目的是分析在日本札幌分离到的阴道假丝酵母菌的肌动蛋白基因型和内生菌的特征:方法:2019 年至 2022 年期间,在日本札幌市分离了 3 株阴道球菌临床菌株。通过测序和系统发育分析进行了基于肌动蛋白的基因分型。利用 PCR 和 RT-PCR 技术分别检测了支原体和毛滴虫病毒等内共生体。此外,还利用 16S rRNA 基因测序鉴定了检测到的支原体属:结果:根据基于肌动蛋白的基因分型,在三株阴道T.中,两株属于基因型E,一株属于基因型G。通过近乎全长的 16S rRNA 基因测序,两株阴道毛滴虫均被鉴定为吉拉尔迪支原体。与此相反,在 T. vaginalis 菌株中未发现毛滴虫病毒:据我们所知,这是首次报道基于肌动蛋白的基因型特征以及内共生 Ca.结论:据我们所知,这是第一份关于日本阴道球菌菌株中肌动蛋白基因型特征和内共生 Ca. M. girerdii 的报告。因此,这项研究将为今后的研究提供重要的推动力。
{"title":"Characterization of Actin-based Genotypes and Mycoplasma Endosymbionts of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolated in Sapporo, Japan.","authors":"Tomohiro Yamazaki, Kyohei Sawai, Yuji Takahashi, Junji Matsuo","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00853-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00853-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of common non-viral sexually transmitted infections worldwide. However, the biological features, such as genotypes and endosymbionts, of T. vaginalis isolated in Japan remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the actin-based genotypes and the endosymbionts of T. vaginalis isolated in Sapporo, Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three T. vaginalis clinical strains were isolated in Sapporo, Japan between 2019 and 2022. Actin-based genotyping was conducted by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The endosymbionts, such as Mycoplasma sp. and Trichomonasvirus, were detected using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, the detected Mycoplasma spp. were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the three T. vaginalis strains, two belonged to genotype E, whereas one was genotype G as determined by actin-based genotyping. Two of the T. vaginalis strains harbored Mycoplasma spp. Using nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing, both were identified as Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii. In contrast, the Trichomonasvirus was not found in the T. vaginalis strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of actin-based genotypes and the presence of endosymbiotic Ca. M. girerdii in T. vaginalis strains in Japan. Thus, this study will provide an important impetus for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}