Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00854-7
Tetiana A Kuzmina, Alzbeta Königová, Ludmila Burcáková, Michal Babjak, Yaroslav Syrota
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the species diversity and structure of the strongylid community in domestic horses in Eastern Slovakia. Also, an analysis of the impact of age, sex, and collection location factors on the strongyid communities was performed.
Methods: Twenty-seven horses 1.5-21 years old from two farms in eastern Slovakia with different horse-management conditions were studied. Strongylids were collected after horse treatments with Noromectin (0.2 mg ivermectin); 66,170 specimens were collected and identified. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed following fenbendazole (FBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) treatments.
Results: Twenty-four strongylid species were found; horses were infected with 6 to 16 (average = 11.7) species. Six cyathostomin species (Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, C. pateratum, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, C. goldi, C. calicatus) were the most prevalent; C. catinatum was the dominant species in both farms (Berger-Parker index 0.34 and 0.42). The structure of the strongylid community was multimodal with dominant, subdominant, background, and rare species. The Mantel test showed that horse age and sex did not significantly affect the nematode infracommunity composition (p > 0.05), while the impact of the collection location (farm) was significant (p = 0.03). Additionally, C. longibursatus was identified as the species contributing significantly to the observed farm differences. Strong resistance to FBZ was documented on both farms (FECRT was 36.4% and 22.7%); IVM resistance was not observed (FECRT = 100%).
Conclusion: This study presents the first report on the strongylids parasitizing domestic horses in Eastern Slovakia and gives basic information for further studies of horse parasites and their control in the region.
{"title":"Strongylids of Domestic Horses in Eastern Slovakia: Species Diversity and Evaluation of Particular Factors Affecting Strongylid Communities.","authors":"Tetiana A Kuzmina, Alzbeta Königová, Ludmila Burcáková, Michal Babjak, Yaroslav Syrota","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00854-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11686-024-00854-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the species diversity and structure of the strongylid community in domestic horses in Eastern Slovakia. Also, an analysis of the impact of age, sex, and collection location factors on the strongyid communities was performed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven horses 1.5-21 years old from two farms in eastern Slovakia with different horse-management conditions were studied. Strongylids were collected after horse treatments with Noromectin (0.2 mg ivermectin); 66,170 specimens were collected and identified. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed following fenbendazole (FBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four strongylid species were found; horses were infected with 6 to 16 (average = 11.7) species. Six cyathostomin species (Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, C. pateratum, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, C. goldi, C. calicatus) were the most prevalent; C. catinatum was the dominant species in both farms (Berger-Parker index 0.34 and 0.42). The structure of the strongylid community was multimodal with dominant, subdominant, background, and rare species. The Mantel test showed that horse age and sex did not significantly affect the nematode infracommunity composition (p > 0.05), while the impact of the collection location (farm) was significant (p = 0.03). Additionally, C. longibursatus was identified as the species contributing significantly to the observed farm differences. Strong resistance to FBZ was documented on both farms (FECRT was 36.4% and 22.7%); IVM resistance was not observed (FECRT = 100%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first report on the strongylids parasitizing domestic horses in Eastern Slovakia and gives basic information for further studies of horse parasites and their control in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00801-6
Hanem F. Khater, Eman K. A. Bazh, Samah Abdel Gawad, Abdelfattah Selim, Hanan A. A. Taie, Ibrahim T. Radwan, Shawky A. Moustafa, Ameer A. Megahed, Mohamed M. Baz, Sahar A. Kandeel
Purpose
Alternative and affordable tick control strategies are crucial to control and prevent tick bites and tick-borne diseases.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 35 aqueous plant extracts (17%) against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii.
Results
The phytochemical profile indicated the presence of various secondary substances. Plants were classified into three groups according to their mortality percentage 15 days post-treatment with 17%. This highly effective group (91%–95%) comprised Ocimum basilicum, Mespilus germanica, and Viola alpine followed by Carum carvi, Cucurbita pepo (peel), and Peganum harmala. A moderately effective group (80%–90%) included Acacia nilotica, Apium graveolens, Capsicum annuum, Ceratonia siliqua, Cucurbita pepo (seeds), Equisetum arvense, Eruca sativa, Ginkgo biloba, Plantago psyllium, Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum, and Ziziphus spinachristi. The 20 remaining plants were assigned to the less effective group (< 80%). Viscum album (58.3%), which was the least effective reference plant. The high potency of six plant extracts as acaricides may be attributed to the high content of active principles, e.g., phenols, flavonoids, and tannins.
Conclusion
All of these highly effective plants are recommended for use as an acaricide, in case of facing acaricidal resistance or limited options for tick control.
{"title":"Acaricidal Efficacy of Thirty-Five Egyptian Plants Against the Camel Tick, Hyalomma Dromedarii","authors":"Hanem F. Khater, Eman K. A. Bazh, Samah Abdel Gawad, Abdelfattah Selim, Hanan A. A. Taie, Ibrahim T. Radwan, Shawky A. Moustafa, Ameer A. Megahed, Mohamed M. Baz, Sahar A. Kandeel","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00801-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00801-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Alternative and affordable tick control strategies are crucial to control and prevent tick bites and tick-borne diseases.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, we evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 35 aqueous plant extracts (17%) against the camel tick, <i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The phytochemical profile indicated the presence of various secondary substances. Plants were classified into three groups according to their mortality percentage 15 days post-treatment with 17%. This highly effective group (91%–95%) comprised <i>Ocimum basilicum</i>, <i>Mespilus germanica</i>, and <i>Viola alpine</i> followed by <i>Carum carvi</i>, <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> (peel), and <i>Peganum harmala.</i> A moderately effective group (80%–90%) included <i>Acacia nilotica</i>, <i>Apium graveolens</i>, <i>Capsicum annuum</i>, <i>Ceratonia siliqua</i>, <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> (seeds), <i>Equisetum arvense</i>, <i>Eruca sativa</i>, <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, <i>Plantago psyllium</i>, <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i>, <i>Punica granatum,</i> and <i>Ziziphus spinachristi</i>. The 20 remaining plants were assigned to the less effective group (< 80%). <i>Viscum album</i> (58.3%), which was the least effective reference plant. The high potency of six plant extracts as acaricides may be attributed to the high content of active principles, e.g., phenols, flavonoids, and tannins.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>All of these highly effective plants are recommended for use as an acaricide, in case of facing acaricidal resistance or limited options for tick control.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00847-6
Carliane Maria Guimarães Alves, Raimundo Rosemiro de Jesus Baia, Amanda Mendes Pacheco, Abthyllane Amaral de Carvalho, Vitor Araújo Farias, M. Videira, Francisco Célio Maia Chagas, E. T. Yoshioka, M. Tavares-Dias
{"title":"Essential Oil of Piper marginatum (Piperaceae) Against Monogeneans, and Its Hematological and Histopathological Effects on Colossoma macropomum.","authors":"Carliane Maria Guimarães Alves, Raimundo Rosemiro de Jesus Baia, Amanda Mendes Pacheco, Abthyllane Amaral de Carvalho, Vitor Araújo Farias, M. Videira, Francisco Célio Maia Chagas, E. T. Yoshioka, M. Tavares-Dias","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00847-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00847-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00846-7
S. Seidi, M. Tavassoli, F. Malekifard, M. Ben Said
{"title":"Molecular Identification, Multigenic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Ctenocephalides Canis Fleas from Humans and Domestic Animals in Iran.","authors":"S. Seidi, M. Tavassoli, F. Malekifard, M. Ben Said","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00846-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00846-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00842-x
Muzaffer Akyuz, Rıdvan Kirman, E. Guven, I. Balkaya, H. Avcioglu
{"title":"Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto and Echinococcus multilocularis in a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in Turkey: Further Evidence for Increased Risk of Alveolar Echinococcosis in Urban Areas.","authors":"Muzaffer Akyuz, Rıdvan Kirman, E. Guven, I. Balkaya, H. Avcioglu","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00842-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00842-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00848-5
Jana Ullmann, P. Kodym, Jaroslav Flegr, Dagmar Berenová, Simona Jirsová, Š. Kaňková
{"title":"Oral Sex as a Potential Route for Toxoplasma Gondii Transmission: Experiment with Human Semen and Laboratory Mice Model.","authors":"Jana Ullmann, P. Kodym, Jaroslav Flegr, Dagmar Berenová, Simona Jirsová, Š. Kaňková","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00848-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00848-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00845-8
Qais A.H. Majeed, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Abdullah F. Shater, Abdullah D. Alanazi
The present experimental survey designed to green synthesis, characterization, as well as in vitro and in vivo anti-Toxplasma gondii activity of silver nanoparticles (SLN) green synthesized by Lupinus arcticus extract. SLN were green synthesized based on the reducing by L. arcticus extract through the precipitation technique. In vitro lethal effects of SLN on T. gondii tachyzoites, infectivity rate, parasites inside of the human macrophage cells (THP-1 cells), nitric oxide (NO) triggering, and iNOS and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression genes were evaluated. In vivo, after establishment of toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice via T. gondii ME49 strain, mice received SLN at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day alone and combined to pyrimethamine at 5 mg/kg for 14 days. SLN exhibited a spherical form with a size ranging from 25 to 90 nm. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of SLN and pyrimethamine against tachyzoites was 29.1 and 25.7 µg/mL, respectively. While, the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value of SLN and pyrimethamine against THP-1 cells was 412.3 µg/mL and 269.5 µg/mL, respectively. SLN in combined with pyrimethamine obviously (p < 0.05) decreased the number and size of the T. gondii cysts in the infected mice. The level of NO, iNOS and IFN-γ genes was obviously (p < 0.001) upregulated. SLN obviously (p < 0.05) decreased the liver level of oxidative stress and increased the level of antioxidant factors. The findings displayed the promising beneficial effects of SLN mainly in combination with current synthetic drugs against latent T. gondii infection in mice. But we need more experiments to approve these findings, clarifying all possible mechanisms, and its efficiency in clinical phases.
{"title":"High Efficacy of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Treatment of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Through Their Immunomodulatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Potency","authors":"Qais A.H. Majeed, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Abdullah F. Shater, Abdullah D. Alanazi","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00845-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00845-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present experimental survey designed to green synthesis, characterization, as well as in vitro and in vivo anti<i>-Toxplasma gondii</i> activity of silver nanoparticles (SLN) green synthesized by <i>Lupinus arcticus</i> extract. SLN were green synthesized based on the reducing by <i>L. arcticus</i> extract through the precipitation technique. In vitro lethal effects of SLN on <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites, infectivity rate, parasites inside of the human macrophage cells (THP-1 cells), nitric oxide (NO) triggering, and iNOS and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression genes were evaluated. In vivo, after establishment of toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice via <i>T. gondii</i> ME49 strain, mice received SLN at 10 and 20 mg/kg/day alone and combined to pyrimethamine at 5 mg/kg for 14 days. SLN exhibited a spherical form with a size ranging from 25 to 90 nm. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value of SLN and pyrimethamine against tachyzoites was 29.1 and 25.7 µg/mL, respectively. While, the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC<sub>50</sub>) value of SLN and pyrimethamine against THP-1 cells was 412.3 µg/mL and 269.5 µg/mL, respectively. SLN in combined with pyrimethamine obviously (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreased the number and size of the <i>T. gondii</i> cysts in the infected mice. The level of NO, iNOS and IFN-γ genes was obviously (<i>p</i> < 0.001) upregulated. SLN obviously (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreased the liver level of oxidative stress and increased the level of antioxidant factors. The findings displayed the promising beneficial effects of SLN mainly in combination with current synthetic drugs against latent <i>T. gondii</i> infection in mice. But we need more experiments to approve these findings, clarifying all possible mechanisms, and its efficiency in clinical phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00837-8
Fayaz Hussain Mir, Syed Tanveer, Pooja Bharti, Bilal Ahmad Para
Aim of the study
The growing resistance of helminth parasites to currently available commercial anthelmintic drugs, combined with apprehensions regarding detrimental chemical residues in livestock products, has sparked an interest in exploring medicinal plants as an alternative strategy for treating helminthiasis. As a result, this study was designed to investigate the anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extracts (CME) of Saussurea costus root on Ascaridia.galli, a pathogenic nematode of poultry.
Materials and methods
In vitro, the anthelmintic effect of Saussurea costus root was evaluated in comparison to commercial anthelmintic, levamisole on the adult nematode parasites, A.galli using worm motility inhibition (WMI) test. The CME of S.costus was also evaluated for in vivo anthelmintic activity in chickens experimentally infected with Ascaridia galli. For the in vivo study, one hundred-day-old chickens were orally infected with embryonated eggs of A. galli worms. The efficacy of the plant extract as an anthelmintic was assessed through two tests: faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test and worm count reduction (WCR) test. The study investigated three distinct doses of plant extract under in vivo setup: 500 mg kg−1 body weight (bw), 1000 mg kg−1 bw, and 2000 mg kg−1 bw.
Results
In vitro, all the tested concentrations of S.costus (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml) showed a significant (P < 0.001) anthelmintic effects on live adult A. galli worms in terms of inhibition of worm motility at different hours post-treatment. At the highest concentration of the extract, we observed worm motility inhibition of 100% at 24 h post-exposure. On day 14 post-treatment, all birds were slaughtered, and adult A. galli worms were subsequently retrieved from their small intestines. Birds treated with CME extract of S. costus root exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in faecal egg count. However, the administration of the extract at the dosage of 500 mg kg−1bw to the birds did not reveal any significant (P > 0.05) differences in the worm count compared to the negative control group. The CME of S. costus at a dose of 2000 mg kg−1bw showed the highest anthelmintic activity by inducing 83.10% FECR and 76.47% WCR.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the root extract of S. costus has a promising anthelmintic activity on A. galli as demonstrated by the results of the present experiment.
{"title":"Anthelmintic Activity of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. Against Ascaridia galli, a Pathogenic Nematode in Poultry: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies","authors":"Fayaz Hussain Mir, Syed Tanveer, Pooja Bharti, Bilal Ahmad Para","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00837-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00837-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim of the study</h3><p>The growing resistance of helminth parasites to currently available commercial anthelmintic drugs, combined with apprehensions regarding detrimental chemical residues in livestock products, has sparked an interest in exploring medicinal plants as an alternative strategy for treating helminthiasis. As a result, this study was designed to investigate the anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extracts (CME) of <i>Saussurea costus</i> root on <i>Ascaridia.galli</i>, a pathogenic nematode of poultry.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p><i>In vitro,</i> the anthelmintic effect of <i>Saussurea costus</i> root was evaluated in comparison to commercial anthelmintic, levamisole on the adult nematode parasites, <i>A.galli</i> using worm motility inhibition (WMI) test. The CME of <i>S.costus</i> was also evaluated for <i>in vivo</i> anthelmintic activity in chickens experimentally infected with <i>Ascaridia galli</i>. For the <i>in vivo</i> study, one hundred-day-old chickens were orally infected with embryonated eggs of <i>A. galli</i> worms<i>.</i> The efficacy of the plant extract as an anthelmintic was assessed through two tests: faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test and worm count reduction (WCR) test. The study investigated three distinct doses of plant extract under <i>in vivo</i> setup: 500 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> body weight (bw), 1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> bw, and 2000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> bw.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>In vitro</i>, all the tested concentrations of <i>S.costus</i> (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml) showed a significant (<i>P</i> < 0.001) anthelmintic effects on live adult <i>A. galli</i> worms in terms of inhibition of worm motility at different hours post-treatment. At the highest concentration of the extract, we observed worm motility inhibition of 100% at 24 h post-exposure. On day 14 post-treatment, all birds were slaughtered, and adult <i>A. galli</i> worms were subsequently retrieved from their small intestines. Birds treated with CME extract of <i>S. costus</i> root exhibited a significant (<i>P</i> < 0.001) reduction in faecal egg count. However, the administration of the extract at the dosage of 500 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>bw to the birds did not reveal any significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05) differences in the worm count compared to the negative control group. The CME of <i>S. costus</i> at a dose of 2000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>bw showed the highest anthelmintic activity by inducing 83.10% FECR and 76.47% WCR.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, the root extract of <i>S. costus</i> has a promising anthelmintic activity on <i>A. galli</i> as demonstrated by the results of the present experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00843-w
João Pedro Siqueira Palmer, Gilberto Salles Gazêta, Marcos Rogério André, Priscila Alves Fialho, Laís Lisboa Corrêa, José André Lessa Damasceno, Carolina Bistritschan Israel, Rafael Rempto Pereira, Alynne da Silva Barbosa
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of the piroplasmids in blood from dogs and ticks recovered from these animals in Teresópolis city, located in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In addition to the clinical and hematological profile.
Methods
A total of 400 dogs attended in a veterinary clinic in this city between 2020 and 2021 were included. The blood was collected from the dogs, along with ticks and information on these dogs was obtained through a questionnaire applied to the owners. Thin-smear analyses and complete blood counts were performed. All forms characteristic of piroplasmids were measured and classified morphologically. The blood was also subjected to PCR assays based on the genes 18S rRNA and hsp70. In addition, the ixodid ticks were classified morphologically and subjected to PCR for piroplasmids research. The amplified products were sent for gene sequencing.
Results
Piroplasmids were detected in 2.3% of the dogs. The variables statistically associated with infections in these animals were hemorrhage/bleeding, jaundice, anisocytosis, activated monocytes and macroplatelets (p ≤ 0.05). Piriform, ring-shaped, oval and aberrant structures were viewed in erythrocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, with lengths greater than and less than 2.5 µm. The nine positive samples from these dogs were characterized as due to Rangelia vitalii. However, one sequence from B. vogeli was detected in a single adult specimen of R. sanguineus.
Conclusion
Although circulation of two species of piroplasmids potentially infective for domestic dogs has been observed in the mountain city of Rio de Janeiro, infection due to R. vitalii was mostly seen in the dogs of the present study.
{"title":"Piroplasmid Infections Among Domestic Dogs in the Mountain City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"João Pedro Siqueira Palmer, Gilberto Salles Gazêta, Marcos Rogério André, Priscila Alves Fialho, Laís Lisboa Corrêa, José André Lessa Damasceno, Carolina Bistritschan Israel, Rafael Rempto Pereira, Alynne da Silva Barbosa","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00843-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00843-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of the piroplasmids in blood from dogs and ticks recovered from these animals in Teresópolis city, located in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In addition to the clinical and hematological profile.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A total of 400 dogs attended in a veterinary clinic in this city between 2020 and 2021 were included. The blood was collected from the dogs, along with ticks and information on these dogs was obtained through a questionnaire applied to the owners. Thin-smear analyses and complete blood counts were performed. All forms characteristic of piroplasmids were measured and classified morphologically. The blood was also subjected to PCR assays based on the genes 18S rRNA and <i>hsp70</i>. In addition, the ixodid ticks were classified morphologically and subjected to PCR for piroplasmids research. The amplified products were sent for gene sequencing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Piroplasmids were detected in 2.3% of the dogs. The variables statistically associated with infections in these animals were hemorrhage/bleeding, jaundice, anisocytosis, activated monocytes and macroplatelets (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Piriform, ring-shaped, oval and aberrant structures were viewed in erythrocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, with lengths greater than and less than 2.5 µm. The nine positive samples from these dogs were characterized as due to <i>Rangelia vitalii</i>. However, one sequence from <i>B. vogeli</i> was detected in a single adult specimen of <i>R. sanguineus</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Although circulation of two species of piroplasmids potentially infective for domestic dogs has been observed in the mountain city of Rio de Janeiro, infection due to <i>R. vitalii</i> was mostly seen in the dogs of the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00844-9
Fatma Bursali, Fatih Mehmet Simsek
Purpose
Mosquitoes are important vectors of pathogens that can affect humans and animals. Culex tritaeniorhynchus is an important vector of arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus among various human and animal communities. These diseases are of major public health concern and can have huge economic and health burdens in prevalent countries. Although populations of this important mosquito species have been detected in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Türkiye; little is known about its population structure. Our study is to examine the population genetics and genetic composition of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected from several localities using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes (ND5). This is the first extensive study of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the mainland Türkiye with sampling spanning many of provinces.
Methods
In this study, DNA extraction, amplification of mitochondrial COI and ND5 genes and population genetic analyses were performed on ten geographic populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the Aegean and Mediterranean region of Türkiye.
Results
Between 2019 and 2020, 96 samples were collected from 10 geographic populations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions; they were molecularly analyzed and 139 sequences (50 sequence for COI and 89 sequence for ND5) were used to determine the population structure and genetic diversity. For ND5 gene region, the samples produced 24 haplotypes derived from 15 variable sites and for COI gene region, 43 haplotypes were derived from 17 variable sites. The haplotype for both gene regions was higher than nucleotide diversity. Haplotype phylogeny revealed two groups present in all populations. AMOVA test results show that the geographical populations were the same for all gene regions. Results suggest that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus is a native population in Türkiye, the species is progressing towards speciation and there is no genetic differentiation between provinces and regions.
Conclusion
This study provides useful information on the molecular identifcation and genetic diversity of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus; these results are important to improve mosquito control programs.
目的蚊子是影响人类和动物的病原体的重要媒介。三带喙库蚊是日本脑炎病毒、西尼罗河病毒等虫媒病毒在人类和动物群体中传播的重要媒介。这些疾病是主要的公共卫生问题,会给流行国家带来巨大的经济和健康负担。虽然在土耳其的地中海和爱琴海地区发现了这一重要蚊种的种群,但人们对其种群结构知之甚少。我们的研究是利用细胞色素氧化酶亚基 I(COI)和 NADH 脱氢酶亚基 5(ND5)基因,研究从几个地方采集的三代栉蚊的种群遗传学和遗传组成。本研究对土耳其爱琴海和地中海地区的 10 个三带喙库蚊地理种群进行了 DNA 提取、线粒体 COI 和 ND5 基因扩增以及种群遗传分析。结果2019年至2020年期间,从爱琴海和地中海地区的10个地理种群中采集了96个样本;对这些样本进行了分子分析,并利用139个序列(50个COI序列和89个ND5序列)确定了种群结构和遗传多样性。在 ND5 基因区,样本产生了 24 个来自 15 个可变位点的单倍型,在 COI 基因区,43 个单倍型来自 17 个可变位点。两个基因区的单倍型均高于核苷酸多样性。单倍型系统发育显示,所有种群中都存在两个群体。AMOVA检验结果表明,所有基因区域的地理种群相同。结果表明,Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 是蒂尔基耶的原生种群,该物种正朝着物种分化的方向发展,各省和地区之间不存在遗传分化。
{"title":"Population Genetics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Türkiye","authors":"Fatma Bursali, Fatih Mehmet Simsek","doi":"10.1007/s11686-024-00844-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-024-00844-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Mosquitoes are important vectors of pathogens that can affect humans and animals. <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> is an important vector of arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus among various human and animal communities. These diseases are of major public health concern and can have huge economic and health burdens in prevalent countries. Although populations of this important mosquito species have been detected in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Türkiye; little is known about its population structure. Our study is to examine the population genetics and genetic composition of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> mosquitoes collected from several localities using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes (ND5). This is the first extensive study of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> in the mainland Türkiye with sampling spanning many of provinces.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, DNA extraction, amplification of mitochondrial COI and ND5 genes and population genetic analyses were performed on ten geographic populations of <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> in the Aegean and Mediterranean region of Türkiye.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Between 2019 and 2020, 96 samples were collected from 10 geographic populations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions; they were molecularly analyzed and 139 sequences (50 sequence for COI and 89 sequence for ND5) were used to determine the population structure and genetic diversity. For ND5 gene region, the samples produced 24 haplotypes derived from 15 variable sites and for COI gene region, 43 haplotypes were derived from 17 variable sites. The haplotype for both gene regions was higher than nucleotide diversity. Haplotype phylogeny revealed two groups present in all populations. AMOVA test results show that the geographical populations were the same for all gene regions. Results suggest that <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> is a native population in Türkiye, the species is progressing towards speciation and there is no genetic differentiation between provinces and regions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides useful information on the molecular identifcation and genetic diversity of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus;</i> these results are important to improve mosquito control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}