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First record of the dinoflagellate Tripos rotundatus (Jørgensen) Gómez in the Adriatic Sea 亚得里亚海圆尾甲藻(Jørgensen)Gómez的首次记录
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-012
Nika Pasković, Iris Dupčić Radić
This report presents the first record of Tripos rotundatus (Jørgensen) Gómez in the Adriatic Sea. The species was found in the net sample in the layer of 50 – 100 m depth, on July 2021 at the coastal southern Adriatic Sea. The species T. rotundatus was probably previously mistaken as morphologically similar species T. digitatus (Schütt) Gómez.
本报告首次记录了亚得里亚海的圆形三角洲(Jørgensen)戈麦斯。该物种于2021年7月在亚得里亚海南部沿海50-100米深的层中的净样本中被发现。圆腹T.rotundatus可能以前被误认为是形态相似的T.digitatus(Schütt)Gómez。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro cultivation and biocontrol potential of Botryosphaeria visci against European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) 粘球孢离体培养及对欧洲槲寄生的生物防治潜力
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-011
Yu. O. Bilonozhko, T. Krupodorova, A. Rabokon, A. Postovoitova, L. Kalafat, Y. Pirko, Y. Blume
To improve the biological control of white mistletoe (European mistletoe) additional detailed information on Botryosphaeria visci infection, its basic nutritional requirements, growth, and in vitro growth characteristics is needed. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the fungus B. visci associated with Viscum аlbum from Sorbus aucuparia, to provide information on its in vitro introduction and growth characteristics on different media, and to test the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus. To achieve these goals, the morphology of conidiophores from infected parts of mistletoe was evaluated by microscopy. The isolate from fresh collections of V. album was identified as Sphaeropsis visci anamorph of ascomycete Botryosphaeria visci. The morphology of the vegetative mycelium and growth of B. visci varied depending on the media used. The best medium supporting growth and sporulation was oatmeal. Re-infection of European mistletoe in laboratory conditions showed positive result on liquid media, and in field conditions but only after mechanical damage to the mistletoe leaves. Our results expand the knowledge regarding the optimal cultivation of this fungus. This may facilitate further mycological and pathological studies involving B. visci isolates, and the results have a theoretical basis for the implementation of measures for the prevention and control of mistletoe.
为了改进白槲寄生(欧洲槲寄生)的生物防治,需要更多关于内脏球孢菌感染、其基本营养需求、生长和体外生长特性的详细信息。本研究的目的是从桃花楸中分离和鉴定与Viscumаlbum相关的真菌B.visci,提供其体外引入和在不同培养基上生长特性的信息,并测试分离真菌的致病性。为了实现这些目标,通过显微镜对槲寄生感染部位的分生孢子的形态进行了评估。从新采集的V.album中分离得到的菌株被鉴定为内脏球孢菌的变形球孢菌。营养菌丝体的形态和B.visci的生长因所用培养基的不同而不同。燕麦是支持生长和产孢的最佳培养基。欧洲槲寄生在实验室条件下的再感染在液体培养基和田间条件下显示出阳性结果,但仅在槲寄生叶片受到机械损伤后。我们的研究结果扩展了关于这种真菌的最佳培养的知识。这可能有助于进一步对内脏B.visci分离株进行真菌学和病理学研究,其结果为实施槲寄生防治措施提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Sugar beet cells cellular and extracellular events taking place in response to drought and salinity 甜菜细胞对干旱和盐度的反应是细胞和细胞外事件
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-008
D. Pavoković, A. Horvatić, I. Tomljanović, B. Balen, M. Krsnik-Rasol
Salt and drought stress are important abiotic factors that negatively affect plant growth and yield. To understand how these stress factors affect metabolism at the cellular level, we analyzed cation concentrations and expression of cellular and extracellular proteins, as well as their functions and types. Cells of the industrially important halophyte sugar beet were exposed to 300 mM NaCl and 600 mM mannitol as stressors in modified Gamborg B5 liquid medium (PG0). Severe stress altered the intracellular concentrations of the most measured cations. The cellular proteome revealed that both stressors provoked significant differential regulation of 110 cellular proteins. About 80% of the identified proteins were classified in metabolism, energy, or cell rescue, defense and virulence categories. We identified several novel proteins that respond to stress, including a member of the bZIP family of transcription factors, a member of the glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins, and the K+ channel beta subunit. Among extracellular proteins we found previously unreported stress-responsive proteins, a beta-xylosidase and an isoform of chitinase. The obtained results indicate that salt and drought stress disturbed the concentrations of cellular cations and the affected expression of cellular and extracellular proteins in sugar beet cells.
盐和干旱胁迫是影响植物生长和产量的重要非生物因素。为了了解这些应激因素如何在细胞水平上影响代谢,我们分析了阳离子浓度、细胞和细胞外蛋白质的表达,以及它们的功能和类型。在改良的Gamborg B5液体培养基(PG0)中将工业上重要的盐生植物甜菜的细胞暴露于300mM NaCl和600mM甘露醇作为应激源。严重的应激改变了细胞内测得最多的阳离子的浓度。细胞蛋白质组显示,两种应激源都引起了110种细胞蛋白质的显著差异调节。大约80%的已鉴定蛋白质被分为代谢、能量或细胞拯救、防御和毒力类别。我们鉴定了几种对应激有反应的新蛋白质,包括bZIP转录因子家族的一员、富含甘氨酸的RNA结合蛋白的一员和K+通道β亚基。在细胞外蛋白中,我们发现了以前未报道的应激反应蛋白,一种β-木糖苷酶和一种几丁质酶异构体。结果表明,盐和干旱胁迫干扰了甜菜细胞中细胞阳离子的浓度,并影响了细胞和细胞外蛋白的表达。
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引用次数: 0
Placoneis modaomensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta; Cymbellaceae), a new species from Guangdong Province, China 莫达梅氏菌(Placoneis modaomensis sp.nov.),广东一新种
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-009
YU-JIE Li, JI-SHU Guo, HONG-PING Ni, YING-YAN Huang, J. Kociolek, YAN-LING Li
One new species, Placoneis modaomensis, found in freshwater environment from tributary of the Pearl River which lies in Modaomen Channel, Zhuhai County, Guangdong Province, China, is described based on light and scanning electron microscope observations. P. modaomensis sp. nov. has the morphological features that are typical for the genus, including external terminal raphe fissures curve to the opposite sides and areolae with internal volate occlusions. The new species is similar to P. amphibola (Cleve) E.J. Cox, P. amphiboliformis (Metzeltin, Lange-Bertalot & Soninkhishig) Vishnyakov, P. parvapolonica Lange-Bertalot & Wojtal, P. clementispronina Lange-Bertalot & Wojtal and P. nanoclementis Lange-Bertalot & Wojtal in the shape of the valves and having course striae but it can be easily distinguished by the two main morphological characteristics: external central raphe endings bent in the opposite directions, and areolae covered by volate occlusions externally. The latter feature appears to be new for taxa assigned to the genus Placoneis. Data on the associated diatom flora and its ecology are also given. These findings increase our understanding about the morphology of Placoneis in general and its and distribution of the genus in China.
根据光镜和扫描电镜观察,介绍了在广东省珠海县磨门海峡珠江支流淡水环境中发现的一个新种——磨门扁螺。P.modaomensis sp.nov.具有该属典型的形态特征,包括向外弯曲的中缝末端裂隙和具有内掌闭塞的乳晕。该新种类似于角闪石P.(Cleve)E.J.Cox、角闪石P,P.clementistronina Lange Bertalot&Wojtal和P.nanoclementis Lange Berdalot&Woj tal呈瓣膜形状,具有行程纹,但可以很容易地通过两个主要的形态学特征来区分:外侧中央中缝末端向相反方向弯曲,乳晕外侧被掌状闭塞物覆盖。后一个特征似乎是新的分类群,被分配到Placoneis属。还提供了有关硅藻植物群及其生态学的数据。这些发现增加了我们对斑蝶属的一般形态及其在中国的分布的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of different substrates on in vitro symbiotic seed germination for soilless production of Anacamptis laxiflora orchid 不同基质对无土生产水杨体外共生种子萌发的影响
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-010
E. C. Aytar, Yasemin ÖZDENER KÖMPE
In recent years, the orchid species have become endangered due to overuse and habitat destruction. As with most flowering plants, seed production is the primary strategy for reproduction in orchids. Orchids produce tiny seeds consisting of a seed coat and a rudimentary embryo. However, it lacks the endosperm, which is generally required as the primary energy source during germination. The only way to germinate orchid seeds is to get nutrients from an external source. In nature, this is achieved by mycorrhizal symbiosis. This study used Ceratobasidium sp. inoculation of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) seeds combined with media with various organic substrates to determine their effectiveness on germination and seedling development by in vitro culture. The highest germination rate (35.78%) was obtained in the medium with addition of young hazelnut leaves. Then, soilless ex vitro symbiotic germination was performed on young hazelnut leaves, the most effective organic substrate. Seed germination was determined to be 19.01% in this medium while 14.87% seedlings with developed leaves and roots were formed. For the first time, success was achieved by producing A. laxiflora from seed in ex vitro conditions without soil and adapting it to nature.
近年来,由于过度使用和栖息地破坏,兰花已经濒临灭绝。与大多数开花植物一样,种子生产是兰花繁殖的主要策略。兰花产生由种皮和初级胚胎组成的微小种子。然而,它缺乏胚乳,而胚乳通常是发芽过程中所需的主要能量来源。兰花种子发芽的唯一方法是从外部获得营养。在自然界中,这是通过菌根共生实现的。本研究采用Ceratobasdium sp.接种疏花Anacamptis laxiflora(Lam.)种子,结合含有各种有机基质的培养基,通过体外培养测定其对发芽和幼苗发育的有效性。在添加榛子幼叶的培养基中,发芽率最高(35.78%)。然后,在最有效的有机基质榛子幼叶上进行无土体外共生发芽。在该培养基中,种子发芽率为19.01%,形成了14.87%的叶片和根系发达的幼苗。首次通过在无土壤的体外条件下从种子中生产A.laxiflora并使其适应自然获得了成功。
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引用次数: 0
The new association Pimpinello lithophilae-Centaureetum lovricii (Crithmo-Staticetea) from the island of Vis (southern Croatia) 来自克罗地亚南部维斯岛的Pimpinello lithophae - centaureetum lovricii (Crithmo-Staticetea)新组合
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-007
N. Jasprica, M. Terzi
This paper presents the new association Pimpinello lithophilae-Centaureetum lovricii, described for the halotolerant vegetation of the order Helichrysetalia italici (Crithmo-Staticetea) on the island of Vis (southern Croatia). The new association substitutes the Pimpinello lithophilae-Centaureetum issaeae, originally published invalidly because its name was formed from the invalid taxon name ‘Centaurea issaea Lovrić’.
本文报道了克罗地亚南部维斯岛(Vis)上喜盐藓目(Crithmo-Staticetea)耐盐植被的新组合Pimpinello lithophae - centaureetum lovricii。这个新分类取代了Pimpinello lithophilae-Centaureetum issaeae,该分类最初是无效的,因为它的名字是由无效的分类群名称“centaurrea issaea lovrike”形成的。
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引用次数: 0
Aluminum accumulation and tolerance in four Amaranthus species 四种苋属植物的铝积累和耐受性
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-006
F. Nazari, R. Hajiboland, C. Poschenrieder, E. Kahneh, S. Salehi-Lisar, Aioub Moradi
About one-third of the earth’s land area consists of acidic soils. The rhizotoxic Al3+ is one of the primary constraints associated with low soil pH. Various Amaranthus species are important components of the weed flora in tea plantations on acid soils in north Iran. In this study, four Amaranthus species (A. blitoides, A. retroflexus, A. cruentus, and A. tricolor) were grown under hydroponic conditions with total Al concentrations of 0, 20, 50, 200, and 400 µM corresponding to free Al3+ activity of 0, 3.75, 11.97, 60.34, and 125 µM, respectively. Low Al concentrations (20, 50, or 200 µM) stimulated plant growth, A. tricolor demonstrated the highest improvement in shoot growth (93%), whereas A. retroflexus exhibited the greatest improvement in root biomass (367%), total root length (173%), and aproot length (32%). Although the response of shoot biomass to 400 µM Al varied among species, all species were able to accumulate Al in the leaves above the critical level considered for Al hyperaccumulation (1 mg g–1 DW). Our findings revealed Al accumulation in Amaranthus species for the first time at the genus and family levels, suggesting that these species are suitable for the restoration and revegetation of acid-eroded soils.
地球陆地面积的三分之一是酸性土壤。根毒性Al3+是低土壤ph的主要制约因素之一。伊朗北部酸性土壤茶园中,各种苋属植物是杂草区系的重要组成部分。以四种苋菜(A. blitoides, A. retroflexus, A. cruentus和A. tricolor)为研究对象,在总铝浓度为0、20、50、200和400µM的水培条件下生长,其游离Al3+活性分别为0、3.75、11.97、60.34和125µM。低铝浓度(20、50或200µM)对植物生长有促进作用,三色木犀对茎部生长的促进作用最大(93%),而逆行木犀对根生物量(367%)、总根长(173%)和主根长(32%)的促进作用最大。尽管不同物种的茎部生物量对400µM Al的响应不同,但所有物种在叶片中积累的Al都超过了过量积累的临界水平(1 mg g-1 DW)。研究结果首次揭示了苋属植物在属和科水平上的铝积累,表明苋属植物适合于酸侵蚀土壤的恢复和恢复。
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引用次数: 0
First record of Diplotomma cedricola in the eastern Mediterranean 地中海东部首次记录到塞德里科双叶蛾
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-005
Gregorio Aragón, Isabel Martínez
The present paper reports the first record of Diplotomma cedricola (Werner) Etayo in the eastern Mediterranean (Creta Island, Greece), being the nearest record from Corsica (France). This lichen species was found near Iérapreta on decorticated Cupressus sempervirens L. and Pinus brutia Ten. trees. This finding constitutes a great expansion of the distribution range of this species.
本文首次记录了地中海东部(希腊克雷塔岛)的Diplotomma cedricola(Werner)Etayo,是距离科西嘉岛(法国)最近的记录。这种地衣物种是在Iérapreta附近的一个去壳的Cupressus semperverrens L.和Pinus brutia Ten上发现的。树木。这一发现极大地扩大了该物种的分布范围。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of exogenous NO on the growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of ryegrass seedlings under B[a]P stress 外源NO对B[a]P胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长及光合荧光特性的影响
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-004
Yue Li, Junqiang Ma, Yu Wang, Sunan Xu, Lei Jiang, Lihong Zhang, Wei Hou
Benzoapyrene (B[a]P) pollution poses a threat to the environment and the food chain and consequently to human health. However, the alleviation of the harmful effects of B[a]P pollution in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by the application of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been ignored. Thus, in this paper the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) on the growth, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, and antioxidant enzyme activity of ryegrass exposed to B[a]P stress are investigated. B[a]P stress induced the reduction of the aboveground and belowground dry weights, chlorophyll (a, b), the total chlorophyll contents, the carotenoid content, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), the water use efficiency (WUE), the photosystem II (PSII) potential activity (Fv/F0), the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the steady-state fluorescence yield (Fs), and the non-photochemical quenching (qN), while enhancement was recorded in response to the foliar spray of SNP at 200 and 300 μmol·L-1 under B[a]P stress. Gray correlation and principal component analyses show that 200 μmol·L 1 of SNP more drastically alleviated the damage caused by B[a]P stress than 300 μmol·L 1 of SNP. The exogenous NO-mediated alleviation of B[a]P toxicity in ryegrass was associated with preserved photosynthetic characteristics and activation of antioxidant enzymes.
苯并吡喃(B[a]P)污染对环境和食物链构成威胁,进而对人类健康构成威胁。然而,利用外源一氧化氮(NO)减轻多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)B[a]P污染的有害影响却被忽视了。因此,本文研究了外源硝普钠(SNP,一种NO供体)对B[a]P胁迫下黑麦草生长、光合荧光特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响。B[a]P胁迫导致地上和地下干重、叶绿素(a,B)、总叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、水分利用效率(WUE)、光系统II(PSII)潜在活性(Fv/F0)、PSII光化学最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、,稳态荧光产量(Fs)和非光化学猝灭(qN),而在B[a]P胁迫下,在200和300μmol·L-1的条件下,SNP的叶面喷雾反应增强。灰色关联和主成分分析表明,2 0 0μmol·L 1的SNP比3 0 0μol·L 1更能显著减轻B[a]P胁迫引起的损伤。外源NO介导的黑麦草B[a]P毒性的减轻与光合特性的保持和抗氧化酶的激活有关。
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引用次数: 0
Pollen morphology and flower visitors of Leiotulus aureus (Sm.) Pimenov & Ostr. (Apiaceae) 金黄色花(Leiotulus aureus(Sm.)Pimenov和Ost。(Apiaceae)
IF 1.3 4区 生物学 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2023-003
M. Mačukanović-Jocić, D. Stešević, D. Rančić, M. Šundiċ
The pollen grains of Leiotulus aureus (syn. Malabaila aurea (Sm.) Boiss.) were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy in order to contribute to the taxonomical and melissopalynological studies of the species. Flower visitors have also been observed and analyzed aiming at clarifying some pollination aspects including the species contribution to the bee pasture. The pollen grains of L. aureus are isopolar, radially symmetrical, medium to large in size, tricolporate and perprolate. They are slightly equatorially constricted with obtuse polar caps and triangular in polar view. The sculpturing pattern is rugulate–microperforate. With regard to flower visitors, the following pollination types occurred: melittophily, myophily and sapromyophily and cantharophily. Some insects attracted by L. aureus cannot be considered pollinators but casual visitors. The flowers were the most frequently visited by honey bees during the midday.
金黄色花的花粉粒(syn.Malabailaaurea(Sm.)Boiss.)通过光镜和扫描电子显微镜进行了检查,以便为该物种的分类和花粉学研究做出贡献。还对访花者进行了观察和分析,旨在澄清一些授粉方面,包括物种对蜜蜂牧场的贡献。金黄色葡萄球菌的花粉粒为等极性,径向对称,大小中等至较大,三孔和全孔。它们有轻微的等轴颈缩,有钝的极帽,在极视图中呈三角形。雕刻图案是褶皱的——微穿孔。就访花者而言,出现了以下授粉类型:喜花授粉、喜花授粉和无花授粉以及喜角授粉。一些被金黄色葡萄球菌吸引的昆虫不能被视为传粉昆虫,而是偶然的访客。这些花是蜜蜂在中午最常去的地方。
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引用次数: 0
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Acta Botanica Croatica
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