Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-012
Marija V. Ćosić, Djordje P. Božović, M. Ignatov, E. Ignatova, Milorad M. Vujičić, A. Sabovljević, Marko S. Sabovljević
The establishment of axenic cultures and the propagation of the rare moss Entosthodon pulchellus (H. Philip.) Brugués (Funariaceae), as well as the optimisation of its ex situ growth conditions and rapid biomass production were the goals of this study. The results obtained also provide insights into the developmental biology of this moss in in vitro conditions, particularly regarding basal media contents with or without supplements of selected plant growth regulators or sugars, i.e. its nutritional needs. The procedure for establishing axenic cultures of this rare and threatened moss species is described. The optimisation protocol of the growth and production conditions is elaborated. The spore germinability of dried herbarium samples remained rather high in the tested laboratory conditions. Suitability tests on different media types showed KNOP basal media to be the best fit for the rapid biomass production of both secondary protonemata and leafy gametophores, without the addition of sugars or plant growth regulators. However, sugar, namely sucrose, induced rapid and massive protonemal development and can be used when this developmental stage is needed.
{"title":"Micropropagation\u0000and optimisation of in vitro production\u0000of the rare and threatened moss Entosthodon\u0000pulchellus (Funariaceae)","authors":"Marija V. Ćosić, Djordje P. Božović, M. Ignatov, E. Ignatova, Milorad M. Vujičić, A. Sabovljević, Marko S. Sabovljević","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-012","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of axenic cultures and the propagation of the rare moss Entosthodon pulchellus (H. Philip.) Brugués (Funariaceae), as well as the optimisation of its ex situ growth conditions and rapid biomass production were the goals of this study. The results obtained also provide insights into the developmental biology of this moss in in vitro conditions, particularly regarding basal media contents with or without supplements of selected plant growth regulators or sugars, i.e. its nutritional needs. The procedure for establishing axenic cultures of this rare and threatened moss species is described. The optimisation protocol of the growth and production conditions is elaborated. The spore germinability of dried herbarium samples remained rather high in the tested laboratory conditions. Suitability tests on different media types showed KNOP basal media to be the best fit for the rapid biomass production of both secondary protonemata and leafy gametophores, without the addition of sugars or plant growth regulators. However, sugar, namely sucrose, induced rapid and massive protonemal development and can be used when this developmental stage is needed.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-010
Yi-Han Zhao, JI-SHU Guo, ZHENG-BIN Tang, Yun Zhang, Shao-Feng Huang, J. Kociolek, YAN-LING Li
A new diatom species from the genus Cymbella C. Agardh is described from samples collected during a survey of freshwater diatoms from Modaomen Channel, Guangdong Province, China. With the aid of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we give a detailed morphological description of Cymbella stomachsis sp. nov., which is placed in the genus Cymbella according to the shared features of asymmetry about the apical axis, deflection of the external terminal raphe fissures towards the dorsal margin, and the presence of apical pore fields and stigmata. Although it shares some similar structural features with C. tumida, C. stuxbergii, C. stuxbergioides, C. pesudostuxbergii, C. mexicana and C. australica, C. stomachsis sp. nov. is easily distinguished by the valve outline, the shape and density of areola, and the appearance of a lack of an intermissio at the central nodule. Especially, the structure of the intermissio is absent in similar taxa. This work is important for its enrichment of our understanding of the genus Cymbella and improvement of the database of diatom biodiversity and distribution in China.
通过对中国广东省磨刀门水道淡水硅藻的调查，我们描述了一个新的硅藻属种Cymbella C. Agardh。借助光学显微镜（LM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM），我们详细描述了胃硅藻（Cymbella stomachsis sp.虽然它与 C.tumida、C.stuxbergii、C.stuxbergioides、C.pesudostuxbergii、C.mexicana 和 C. australica 有一些相似的结构特征，但 C. stomachsis sp.特别是，在类似类群中没有中间膜的结构。这项工作对于丰富我们对蚬属的认识、完善中国硅藻生物多样性和分布数据库具有重要意义。
{"title":"Cymbella stomachsis sp. nov.\u0000(Bacillariophyta; Cymbellaceae), a new species from Guangdong Province, China","authors":"Yi-Han Zhao, JI-SHU Guo, ZHENG-BIN Tang, Yun Zhang, Shao-Feng Huang, J. Kociolek, YAN-LING Li","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-010","url":null,"abstract":"A new diatom species from the genus Cymbella C. Agardh is described from samples collected during a survey of freshwater diatoms from Modaomen Channel, Guangdong Province, China. With the aid of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we give a detailed morphological description of Cymbella stomachsis sp. nov., which is placed in the genus Cymbella according to the shared features of asymmetry about the apical axis, deflection of the external terminal raphe fissures towards the dorsal margin, and the presence of apical pore fields and stigmata. Although it shares some similar structural features with C. tumida, C. stuxbergii, C. stuxbergioides, C. pesudostuxbergii, C. mexicana and C. australica, C. stomachsis sp. nov. is easily distinguished by the valve outline, the shape and density of areola, and the appearance of a lack of an intermissio at the central nodule. Especially, the structure of the intermissio is absent in similar taxa. This work is important for its enrichment of our understanding of the genus Cymbella and improvement of the database of diatom biodiversity and distribution in China.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-011
Öznur Ergen Akçin, Tuğba Özbucak, Şükran Öztürk, Hüseyin Ümit Uzunömeroğlu
In this study, the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of the vegetative organs and the essential oil constituents of the aerial and underground parts of the local and endangered endemic species A. orduensis Pawł. were evaluated. For anatomical study, sections of root, rhizome, stem, leaves and petiole were excised and stained with safranin/fast green mixture. Leaf and petiole structures were examined micromorphologically. Essential oil contents were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis. The results showed that rectangular meristematic cells were present in the root. The leaf is of the bifacial and amphistomatic type. Stomata cells are of the anomocytic type. The stomatal index for the upper surface of the leaves is 0.04, while the stomatal index for the lower surface is 0.17. Druse crystals were found in the rhizome, stem and leaves. Among the various compounds identified, the most abundant groups in the aboveground parts are alcohols (39.81%) and ketones (14.99%) with 1-Octen-3-ol, 1-octan-3-one and borane- methyl sulfide complex as the main compounds. Terpenes (23.44%) and alcohols (11.82%), in which myrtenolis was the main compound, were most abundant in the underground parts.
本研究评估了当地濒临灭绝的特有物种 A. orduensis Pawł. 植物器官的解剖学和微观形态特征，以及气生和地下部分的精油成分。在解剖学研究中，切除根、根茎、茎、叶和叶柄的切片，并用黄红素/快绿素混合物染色。对叶片和叶柄结构进行微观检查。精油含量采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-SPME/GC-MS）分析法进行测定。结果表明，根部存在矩形分生细胞。叶片为双面和两面型。气孔细胞属于异形细胞类型。叶片上表面的气孔指数为 0.04，而下表面的气孔指数为 0.17。在根茎、茎和叶中发现了琉璃晶体。在已鉴定的各种化合物中，地上部分含量最多的是醇类（39.81%）和酮类（14.99%），其中 1-辛烯-3-醇、1-辛烷-3-酮和硼烷-甲基硫化物复合物是主要化合物。萜烯类（23.44%）和醇类（11.82%）在地下部分含量最高，其中的主要化合物是桃金娘。
{"title":"The anatomy, micromorphology, and essential oils of\u0000the Turkish endemic and endangered species Alchemilla\u0000orduensis","authors":"Öznur Ergen Akçin, Tuğba Özbucak, Şükran Öztürk, Hüseyin Ümit Uzunömeroğlu","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-011","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of the vegetative organs and the essential oil constituents of the aerial and underground parts of the local and endangered endemic species A. orduensis Pawł. were evaluated. For anatomical study, sections of root, rhizome, stem, leaves and petiole were excised and stained with safranin/fast green mixture. Leaf and petiole structures were examined micromorphologically. Essential oil contents were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis. The results showed that rectangular meristematic cells were present in the root. The leaf is of the bifacial and amphistomatic type. Stomata cells are of the anomocytic type. The stomatal index for the upper surface of the leaves is 0.04, while the stomatal index for the lower surface is 0.17. Druse crystals were found in the rhizome, stem and leaves. Among the various compounds identified, the most abundant groups in the aboveground parts are alcohols (39.81%) and ketones (14.99%) with 1-Octen-3-ol, 1-octan-3-one and borane- methyl sulfide complex as the main compounds. Terpenes (23.44%) and alcohols (11.82%), in which myrtenolis was the main compound, were most abundant in the underground parts.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-002
Norbert Bauer, János Csiky, Attila Mesterházy, Mátyás Wolf, Dávid Schmidt
This paper discusses the spread of the Mediterranean plant Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. in Hungary, which is found in the transition zone between the sub-Mediterranean and continental climatic zones of Central Europe. This alien species has been found at 12 new localities in Hungary in recent years. Some of these stands are located along main roads, while others are found in urban weed vegetation. The species was most likely introduced by increasing road traffic and tourism. Our preliminary findings suggest that the spread of the species is not concentrated along main roads due to its salt sensitivity. Instead, it is more likely to be found in xerothermic weed vegetation in urban areas where salting and winter de-icing are not applied.
{"title":"Rapid spread of the Mediterranean glycophyte Catapodium rigidum in Hungary","authors":"Norbert Bauer, János Csiky, Attila Mesterházy, Mátyás Wolf, Dávid Schmidt","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the spread of the Mediterranean plant Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. in Hungary, which is found in the transition zone between the sub-Mediterranean and continental climatic zones of Central Europe. This alien species has been found at 12 new localities in Hungary in recent years. Some of these stands are located along main roads, while others are found in urban weed vegetation. The species was most likely introduced by increasing road traffic and tourism. Our preliminary findings suggest that the spread of the species is not concentrated along main roads due to its salt sensitivity. Instead, it is more likely to be found in xerothermic weed vegetation in urban areas where salting and winter de-icing are not applied.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-013
Jacob Koopman, H. Więcław, Sandro Bogdanović, T. Denchev
Carex distachya Desf. is a circum-Mediterranean species. Since 1985 two varieties have been distinguished, C. distachya var. distachya and C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea Ö.Nilsson. The former is widespread, while the latter is considered to be restricted to West Türkiye and the East Aegean Islands, but our research has revealed that C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea is much more widespread in the south-east of Europe, in Croatia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and mainland Greece. It seems to have been overlooked in these countries so far. As C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea occurs in the East Mediterranean region, we have therefore raised this taxon to subspecies level. Our research has also shown that the differences between the two subspecies are less clear than initially suggested. An upgraded key is therefore added.
Carex distachya Desf.是一个环地中海物种。distachya var. phyllostachioidea Ö.Nilsson。distachya var. phyllostachioidea 在欧洲东南部的克罗地亚、保加利亚、黑山和希腊大陆更为普遍。迄今为止，它在这些国家似乎一直被忽视。distachya var. phyllostachioidea 出现在东地中海地区，因此我们将这一分类群提升到亚种级别。我们的研究还表明，这两个亚种之间的差异没有最初认为的那么明显。因此，我们增加了一个升级版的检索表。
{"title":"Carex distachya (Cyperaceae) with both subspecies in Europe","authors":"Jacob Koopman, H. Więcław, Sandro Bogdanović, T. Denchev","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-013","url":null,"abstract":"Carex distachya Desf. is a circum-Mediterranean species. Since 1985 two varieties have been distinguished, C. distachya var. distachya and C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea Ö.Nilsson. The former is widespread, while the latter is considered to be restricted to West Türkiye and the East Aegean Islands, but our research has revealed that C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea is much more widespread in the south-east of Europe, in Croatia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and mainland Greece. It seems to have been overlooked in these countries so far. As C. distachya var. phyllostachioidea occurs in the East Mediterranean region, we have therefore raised this taxon to subspecies level. Our research has also shown that the differences between the two subspecies are less clear than initially suggested. An upgraded key is therefore added.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-001
Antonio Vidaković, Sandi Matijašević, Katarina Tumpa, Igor Poljak
The Dinaric Alps have been recognised on numerous occasions as a biodiversity hotspot. They host a variety of species with great importance in sustainable forestry operations and nature conservation. One such species is the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L., Oleaceae), a broad-leaved, wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed forest tree. In this paper, we aimed to determine the morphological variability of the European ash populations of the northern Dinaric Alps. For this purpose, leaf samples from 10 individuals in seven populations were collected. Morphometric analysis of intra- and interpopulation variability was conducted using 19 morphological leaf traits. We determined great variability of trees within, and small variability among, populations. The variables that best discriminated studied populations were those relating to leaflet shape. Based on these variables, populations were grouped into two clusters. The first cluster encompassed individuals with acute leaflets, found in drier and rockier habitats, whereas the second cluster, defined by more rounded leaflets, was found in mesophilous and nutrient-rich habitats. However, this research revealed no influence of geographical or bioclimatic distances on morphological variability, which indicates that the rockiness and soil are most likely two predominant factors in shaping the phenotypic plasticity of European ash populations. These results are of great significance in the planning of future forest breeding programs, as populations from drier habitats are likely to persist and spread due to their adaptation to water scarcity, which will become more pronounced in the future.
{"title":"Leaf phenotypic plasticity of European ash (Fraxinus\u0000excelsior) at its northern range in Dinaric Alps","authors":"Antonio Vidaković, Sandi Matijašević, Katarina Tumpa, Igor Poljak","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-001","url":null,"abstract":"The Dinaric Alps have been recognised on numerous occasions as a biodiversity hotspot. They host a variety of species with great importance in sustainable forestry operations and nature conservation. One such species is the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L., Oleaceae), a broad-leaved, wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed forest tree. In this paper, we aimed to determine the morphological variability of the European ash populations of the northern Dinaric Alps. For this purpose, leaf samples from 10 individuals in seven populations were collected. Morphometric analysis of intra- and interpopulation variability was conducted using 19 morphological leaf traits. We determined great variability of trees within, and small variability among, populations. The variables that best discriminated studied populations were those relating to leaflet shape. Based on these variables, populations were grouped into two clusters. The first cluster encompassed individuals with acute leaflets, found in drier and rockier habitats, whereas the second cluster, defined by more rounded leaflets, was found in mesophilous and nutrient-rich habitats. However, this research revealed no influence of geographical or bioclimatic distances on morphological variability, which indicates that the rockiness and soil are most likely two predominant factors in shaping the phenotypic plasticity of European ash populations. These results are of great significance in the planning of future forest breeding programs, as populations from drier habitats are likely to persist and spread due to their adaptation to water scarcity, which will become more pronounced in the future.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-014
Iman H. Nour, Ahmed K Osman, Rim S. Hamdy, Ibrahim A. El Garf
Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae, Allieae) has disputed generic delimitation and species boundaries, compounded by the proliferation of the species' synonyms. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive description of the seed morphology of native, endemic, and near-endemic species in Egypt and addresses the significance of seed traits for infrageneric classification. Twenty-two Allium taxa belonging to four subgenera and six sections were investigated using fresh or dry materials from their mature seeds. Thirty-eight quantitative and qualitative traits of the seeds' dorsal and ventral sides were investigated using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical and multivariate analyses were performed. This work provides the first description of the seeds of 13 Allium taxa, including A. artemisietorum Eig & Feinbrun, A. barthianum Asch. & Schweinf., A. blomfieldianum Asch. & Schweinf., A. crameri Asch. & Boiss., A. desertorum Forssk., A. erdelii Zucc., A. mareoticum Bornm. & Gauba, A. papillare Boiss., A. roseum subsp. tourneuxii Boiss., A. sativum L., A. sinaiticum Boiss., A. spathaceum Steud. ex A.Rich., and A. trifoliatum Cirillo. This study reports for the first time a comparative investigation of dorsal seed surface traits against ventral traits, revealing conspicuous differences for most species and highlighting the most informative diagnostic seed traits for distinguishing taxa. Allium subg. Allium L. has a broader range of variation than any of the other subgenera.
{"title":"Seed morphological diversity of Egyptian\u0000Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) and its taxonomic significance","authors":"Iman H. Nour, Ahmed K Osman, Rim S. Hamdy, Ibrahim A. El Garf","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-014","url":null,"abstract":"Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae, Allieae) has disputed generic delimitation and species boundaries, compounded by the proliferation of the species' synonyms. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive description of the seed morphology of native, endemic, and near-endemic species in Egypt and addresses the significance of seed traits for infrageneric classification. Twenty-two Allium taxa belonging to four subgenera and six sections were investigated using fresh or dry materials from their mature seeds. Thirty-eight quantitative and qualitative traits of the seeds' dorsal and ventral sides were investigated using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical and multivariate analyses were performed. This work provides the first description of the seeds of 13 Allium taxa, including A. artemisietorum Eig & Feinbrun, A. barthianum Asch. & Schweinf., A. blomfieldianum Asch. & Schweinf., A. crameri Asch. & Boiss., A. desertorum Forssk., A. erdelii Zucc., A. mareoticum Bornm. & Gauba, A. papillare Boiss., A. roseum subsp. tourneuxii Boiss., A. sativum L., A. sinaiticum Boiss., A. spathaceum Steud. ex A.Rich., and A. trifoliatum Cirillo. This study reports for the first time a comparative investigation of dorsal seed surface traits against ventral traits, revealing conspicuous differences for most species and highlighting the most informative diagnostic seed traits for distinguishing taxa. Allium subg. Allium L. has a broader range of variation than any of the other subgenera.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-009
Salvatore Pasta, Pietro Lo Cascio, E. Badalamenti
We recorded the occurrence of Duranta erecta L. in the Aeolian Islands (Sicily, Italy), where it currently behaves as a casual alien. At the global scale, however, this woody species has shown highly invasive behaviour in different island ecosystems. On the basis of this evidence, we have investigated which ecological and biological traits may have allowed its establishment and spread, and could trigger its further expansion in the Aeolian Islands in the near future. Several factors seem to have favoured its success on a global scale, such as the wide edaphic and climatic range, the tolerance to anthropogenic disturbance, and the production of toxic metabolites that protect it from herbivore browsing and from competition with other plants. The study of the organisms that perform pollination and seed dispersal is probably the key to understanding the local naturalization of this plant, introduced about three centuries ago in Europe and the Mediterranean, here discussed in detail for the first time.
{"title":"Additional data on the ongoing naturalization of the non-native\u0000woody plant Duranta erecta ( Verbenaceae) in Sicily, Italy","authors":"Salvatore Pasta, Pietro Lo Cascio, E. Badalamenti","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-009","url":null,"abstract":"We recorded the occurrence of Duranta erecta L. in the Aeolian Islands (Sicily, Italy), where it currently behaves as a casual alien. At the global scale, however, this woody species has shown highly invasive behaviour in different island ecosystems. On the basis of this evidence, we have investigated which ecological and biological traits may have allowed its establishment and spread, and could trigger its further expansion in the Aeolian Islands in the near future. Several factors seem to have favoured its success on a global scale, such as the wide edaphic and climatic range, the tolerance to anthropogenic disturbance, and the production of toxic metabolites that protect it from herbivore browsing and from competition with other plants. The study of the organisms that perform pollination and seed dispersal is probably the key to understanding the local naturalization of this plant, introduced about three centuries ago in Europe and the Mediterranean, here discussed in detail for the first time.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2025-008
F. Yanık, F. Vardar
Programmed cell death (PCD) can occur at every developmental stage as a plant’s response to various biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer products and possess antimicrobial properties, making them important in assessing nanoparticle effects on plants. In the present study, we examined the impact of AgNPs (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg L-1) on wheat root PCD by evaluating parameters such as the mitotic index, chromosomal behaviors, nuclear deformation, cytochrome c release, caspase-1-like activity, and the expression of cysteine protease genes (TaVPE4, TaMCA1, and TaMCA4). Our findings revealed a dose-dependent decrease in the mitotic index ratio and increased chromosomal abnormalities induced by AgNPs. Additionally, we observed various hallmarks of PCD, including chromatin condensation, slight DNA smear, reduction in mitochondrial inner membrane potential, and cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm as well as increased caspase-1-like activity and TaVPE4 gene expression. Notably, the gene expressions of TaMCA1 and TaMCA4 were found to be antagonistically regulated by AgNPs, further indicating the induction of PCD by AgNP treatment. Overall, our study provides evidence of AgNP-induced PCD in wheat roots, elucidating the involvement of cysteine protease genes in this process.
{"title":"Indications\u0000of programmed cell death in wheat roots upon exposure to silver nanoparticles","authors":"F. Yanık, F. Vardar","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-008","url":null,"abstract":"Programmed cell death (PCD) can occur at every developmental stage as a plant’s response to various biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer products and possess antimicrobial properties, making them important in assessing nanoparticle effects on plants. In the present study, we examined the impact of AgNPs (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg L-1) on wheat root PCD by evaluating parameters such as the mitotic index, chromosomal behaviors, nuclear deformation, cytochrome c release, caspase-1-like activity, and the expression of cysteine protease genes (TaVPE4, TaMCA1, and TaMCA4). Our findings revealed a dose-dependent decrease in the mitotic index ratio and increased chromosomal abnormalities induced by AgNPs. Additionally, we observed various hallmarks of PCD, including chromatin condensation, slight DNA smear, reduction in mitochondrial inner membrane potential, and cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm as well as increased caspase-1-like activity and TaVPE4 gene expression. Notably, the gene expressions of TaMCA1 and TaMCA4 were found to be antagonistically regulated by AgNPs, further indicating the induction of PCD by AgNP treatment. Overall, our study provides evidence of AgNP-induced PCD in wheat roots, elucidating the involvement of cysteine protease genes in this process.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Convolvulus persicus L. is an endemic endangered species distributed in the coastal regions of the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea that displays limited germination, potentially impacting its ability to regenerate. To gain an understanding of the dormancy status and germination needs of C. persicus, seed characteristics, seed coat permeability and different dormancy-breaking treatments were assessed. The results revealed that C. persicus seed coats are water-impermeable and that both cold and warm stratification were effective in breaking dormancy. Furthermore, GA3 pretreatment with combination of either cold or warm stratification proved successful in releasing dormancy. However, the highest germination percentage and rate as well as seed vigour was achieved by mechanical scarification followed by H2SO4 application and warm stratification. Warm stratification was recognized to be more favourable for overcoming seed dormancy and promoting seedling survival than cold stratification. Notably, the influence of population type on germination capacity was found to be negligible. These findings may facilitate the conservation and collection management of this threatened plant species, which is currently underrepresented in ex situ conservation efforts.
{"title":"Overcoming seed dormancy and improving germination of Convolvulus persicus, an endangered coastal plant in north of Iran","authors":"Razieh Bahadornejad Velashedi, Sedigheh Kelij, Naser Jafari","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2025-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2025-005","url":null,"abstract":"Convolvulus persicus L. is an endemic endangered species distributed in the coastal regions of the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea that displays limited germination, potentially impacting its ability to regenerate. To gain an understanding of the dormancy status and germination needs of C. persicus, seed characteristics, seed coat permeability and different dormancy-breaking treatments were assessed. The results revealed that C. persicus seed coats are water-impermeable and that both cold and warm stratification were effective in breaking dormancy. Furthermore, GA3 pretreatment with combination of either cold or warm stratification proved successful in releasing dormancy. However, the highest germination percentage and rate as well as seed vigour was achieved by mechanical scarification followed by H2SO4 application and warm stratification. Warm stratification was recognized to be more favourable for overcoming seed dormancy and promoting seedling survival than cold stratification. Notably, the influence of population type on germination capacity was found to be negligible. These findings may facilitate the conservation and collection management of this threatened plant species, which is currently underrepresented in ex situ conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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