Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-010
R. Tzonev, A. Mastrogianni, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Marius Dimitrov, Chavdar Gussev, D. Mandžukovski, K. Pachedjieva
Aesculus hippocastanum L. (European Horse-chestnut) constitutes a biogeographical relict species of the Balkan Peninsula, occurring in isolated and topographically distinct localities in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia. Despite its great botanical, ornamental and pharmaceutical value, a thorough investigation of Ae. hippocastanum habitat diversity in its native distribution range has not been conducted yet. The present study aims at the syntaxonomic classification and ecological features of plant communities dominated by this species across its overall native distribution range. On the basis of 55 phytosociological relevés, five ecologically, floristically, and spatially well differentiated clusters were identified, with the main revealed gradients of differentiation being geographic location (longitude, latitude), altitude, annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality. The distinct microhabitats with a special refugial character where these plant communities occur meet the species’ requirement for relatively high air and soil humidity. They have allowed the preservation of Ae. hippocastanum through time highlighting their great conservational value. The last one could be useful for the implementation of some appropriate measures for effective conservation of these communities.
{"title":"Forest communities of the relict Balkan endemic Aesculus hippocastanum","authors":"R. Tzonev, A. Mastrogianni, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Marius Dimitrov, Chavdar Gussev, D. Mandžukovski, K. Pachedjieva","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-010","url":null,"abstract":"Aesculus hippocastanum L. (European Horse-chestnut) constitutes a biogeographical relict species of the Balkan Peninsula, occurring in isolated and topographically distinct localities in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia. Despite its great botanical, ornamental and pharmaceutical value, a thorough investigation of Ae. hippocastanum habitat diversity in its native distribution range has not been conducted yet. The present study aims at the syntaxonomic classification and ecological features of plant communities dominated by this species across its overall native distribution range. On the basis of 55 phytosociological relevés, five ecologically, floristically, and spatially well differentiated clusters were identified, with the main revealed gradients of differentiation being geographic location (longitude, latitude), altitude, annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality. The distinct microhabitats with a special refugial character where these plant communities occur meet the species’ requirement for relatively high air and soil humidity. They have allowed the preservation of Ae. hippocastanum through time highlighting their great conservational value. The last one could be useful for the implementation of some appropriate measures for effective conservation of these communities.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-015
Aslihan Temel, Taylan Kosesakal
Acetic acid (AA) is an organic acid and has been widely used as food preservative and a dietary spice in vinegar form. In addition to its therapeutic uses in its vinegar form, AA attenuates inhibitory effects of stress in plants. However, in some plant species toxic effects of AA have been found. Therefore, in this study, 0, 2.5 and 5 mM concentrations of AA were applied to 2-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bornova-92) seedlings for 2 days in order to investigate the possible toxic effects of AA. After treatments, seedlings were grown in AA-free conditions for 2 days to recover. AA inhibited root and shoot growth; decreased water content, fresh weight, chlorophyll, pheophytin, and carotenoid contents. However, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents, as well as the levels of UV-absorbing compounds and UV-B marker increased in the leaves of AA-treated plants. AA increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in shoots and induced cell death in roots. Soluble carbohydrate content decreased in roots of AA-treated plants while insoluble carbohydrate content increased. Our results demonstrate that AA in young barley seedlings can exhibit its toxic effects through oxidative stress, which induced antioxidative response in the form of molecules with antioxidative activities. These effects persisted for 2 days after the removal of AA.
醋酸（AA）是一种有机酸，以醋的形式被广泛用作食品防腐剂和膳食香料。除了以醋的形式用于治疗外，AA 还能减弱植物对压力的抑制作用。然而，在某些植物物种中发现了 AA 的毒性作用。因此，本研究将 0、2.5 和 5 mM 浓度的 AA 施加到 2 天大麦苗（Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bornova-92）上 2 天，以研究 AA 可能的毒性作用。处理后，幼苗在无 AA 的条件下生长 2 天以恢复。AA 抑制了根和芽的生长；降低了含水量、鲜重、叶绿素、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量。然而，经 AA 处理的植株叶片中花青素和类黄酮含量以及紫外线吸收化合物和紫外线-B 标记水平均有所增加。AA 增加了芽中过氧化氢（H2O2）的含量，并诱导根中细胞死亡。AA 处理过的植物根中可溶性碳水化合物含量降低，而不可溶性碳水化合物含量增加。我们的研究结果表明，大麦幼苗中的 AA 可通过氧化应激产生毒性效应，从而诱导以具有抗氧化活性的分子形式出现的抗氧化反应。这些效应在去除 AA 后持续了 2 天。
{"title":"Effects of acetic acid treatment on growth and pigment contents in barley","authors":"Aslihan Temel, Taylan Kosesakal","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-015","url":null,"abstract":"Acetic acid (AA) is an organic acid and has been widely used as food preservative and a dietary spice in vinegar form. In addition to its therapeutic uses in its vinegar form, AA attenuates inhibitory effects of stress in plants. However, in some plant species toxic effects of AA have been found. Therefore, in this study, 0, 2.5 and 5 mM concentrations of AA were applied to 2-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bornova-92) seedlings for 2 days in order to investigate the possible toxic effects of AA. After treatments, seedlings were grown in AA-free conditions for 2 days to recover. AA inhibited root and shoot growth; decreased water content, fresh weight, chlorophyll, pheophytin, and carotenoid contents. However, anthocyanin and flavonoid contents, as well as the levels of UV-absorbing compounds and UV-B marker increased in the leaves of AA-treated plants. AA increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in shoots and induced cell death in roots. Soluble carbohydrate content decreased in roots of AA-treated plants while insoluble carbohydrate content increased. Our results demonstrate that AA in young barley seedlings can exhibit its toxic effects through oxidative stress, which induced antioxidative response in the form of molecules with antioxidative activities. These effects persisted for 2 days after the removal of AA.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-008
N. Esi̇m, Aykut Karaman, Okkes Atici
Like all life forms, plants suffer from high levels of mercury (Hg), known as one of the most harmful heavy metals in soil. The present study was performed to explore the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on Hg toxicity in maize (Zea mays L., cv. Arifiye-2) seedlings. Plants were grown in a hydroponic system containing 1/2 diluted Hoagland at 16 h day length, 25/20 °C (day/night) and 60% relative humidity. Eight day-old maize seedlings were first treated with NO (as 0.1 µM sodium nitroprusside) and then they were exposed to Hg toxicity (as 100 µM HgCl2) after 24 h. The toxic Hg decreased seedling growth, chlorophyll content, proline content, calcium and manganese contents, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents, cell membrane viscosity, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidases, and glutathione reductase) while it increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and super oxide anion (O2.-), and lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA) content and the amount of sodium ion (Na+) in the seedlings. However, NO treatment markedly enhanced the growth parameters (dry and fresh weight, and plant height) and manganese and potassium contents as well as contents of antioxidants and chlorophyll thus alleviating the negative effects caused by the Hg stress. Also, it decreased the generation of ROS and lipid peroxidation level by activating the antioxidant enzymes. These results show that NO in maize seedlings under Hg toxicity may improve stress response and mitigate oxidative stress by stimulating the antioxidant system and modulating ion homeostasis.
{"title":"Nitric oxide alleviates mercury toxicity by changing physiological and biochemical pathways in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings","authors":"N. Esi̇m, Aykut Karaman, Okkes Atici","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-008","url":null,"abstract":"Like all life forms, plants suffer from high levels of mercury (Hg), known as one of the most harmful heavy metals in soil. The present study was performed to explore the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on Hg toxicity in maize (Zea mays L., cv. Arifiye-2) seedlings. Plants were grown in a hydroponic system containing 1/2 diluted Hoagland at 16 h day length, 25/20 °C (day/night) and 60% relative humidity. Eight day-old maize seedlings were first treated with NO (as 0.1 µM sodium nitroprusside) and then they were exposed to Hg toxicity (as 100 µM HgCl2) after 24 h. The toxic Hg decreased seedling growth, chlorophyll content, proline content, calcium and manganese contents, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents, cell membrane viscosity, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidases, and glutathione reductase) while it increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and super oxide anion (O2.-), and lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA) content and the amount of sodium ion (Na+) in the seedlings. However, NO treatment markedly enhanced the growth parameters (dry and fresh weight, and plant height) and manganese and potassium contents as well as contents of antioxidants and chlorophyll thus alleviating the negative effects caused by the Hg stress. Also, it decreased the generation of ROS and lipid peroxidation level by activating the antioxidant enzymes. These results show that NO in maize seedlings under Hg toxicity may improve stress response and mitigate oxidative stress by stimulating the antioxidant system and modulating ion homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-011
Roman E. Romanov, S. Dragićević, Angelo Troia
One lycophyte genus and species (Isoëtes gymnocarpa), and one aquatic magnoliophyte species (Utricularia × neglecta) new for the flora of Montenegro are reported. It is suggested that the new population of Isoëtes gymnocarpa and its habitat should be protected.
{"title":"Isoëtes gymnocarpa and Utricularia × neglecta –\u0000new taxa for Montenegro","authors":"Roman E. Romanov, S. Dragićević, Angelo Troia","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-011","url":null,"abstract":"One lycophyte genus and species (Isoëtes gymnocarpa), and one aquatic magnoliophyte species (Utricularia × neglecta) new for the flora of Montenegro are reported. It is suggested that the new population of Isoëtes gymnocarpa and its habitat should be protected.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-013
B. Citak
The purpose of the current work was to assess the systematic and taxonomic significance of the pollen morphological characteristics of the Multicaulia section of Hedysarum species found throughout Türkiye using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) techniques. For this reason, seven different species currently classified in the Multicaulia section were collected from various localities. The pollen grains were nonacetolyzed, prepared and directly measured according to the Wodehouse method. Pollen grains were found to be subprolate in H. nitidum but prolate in others and the exine sculpturing pattern was determined to be microreticulate-perforate in six taxa while only H. varium subsp. syriacum had reticulate-perforate sculpture. The minimum exine thickness was measured at 0.96 μm in H. varium subsp. varium, while among the investigated species, H. nitidum had an exine measurement of 1.38 μm. In this study, multivariate analysis was used to investigate nine qualitative and quantitative features. Data cluster analysis revealed that the pollen characteristics were important in helping to distinguish the different species from one another. The results demonstrated that the genus Hedysarum of the section Multicaulia was divided into two major groups based on variations in pollen dimensions. The usefulness of certain pollen morphological traits was assessed, and the congruency of the palynomorphological investigations was examined. The findings demonstrated the significance of pollen micromorphology in precisely identifying and categorizing the Multicaulia section.
{"title":"Does palynotaxonomy contribute to the systematics\u0000of the genus? The section Multicaulia\u0000of the genus Hedysarum (Fabaceae)\u0000example in Türkiye","authors":"B. Citak","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-013","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current work was to assess the systematic and taxonomic significance of the pollen morphological characteristics of the Multicaulia section of Hedysarum species found throughout Türkiye using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) techniques. For this reason, seven different species currently classified in the Multicaulia section were collected from various localities. The pollen grains were nonacetolyzed, prepared and directly measured according to the Wodehouse method. Pollen grains were found to be subprolate in H. nitidum but prolate in others and the exine sculpturing pattern was determined to be microreticulate-perforate in six taxa while only H. varium subsp. syriacum had reticulate-perforate sculpture. The minimum exine thickness was measured at 0.96 μm in H. varium subsp. varium, while among the investigated species, H. nitidum had an exine measurement of 1.38 μm. In this study, multivariate analysis was used to investigate nine qualitative and quantitative features. Data cluster analysis revealed that the pollen characteristics were important in helping to distinguish the different species from one another. The results demonstrated that the genus Hedysarum of the section Multicaulia was divided into two major groups based on variations in pollen dimensions. The usefulness of certain pollen morphological traits was assessed, and the congruency of the palynomorphological investigations was examined. The findings demonstrated the significance of pollen micromorphology in precisely identifying and categorizing the Multicaulia section.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-011
Roman E. Romanov, S. Dragićević, Angelo Troia
One lycophyte genus and species (Isoëtes gymnocarpa), and one aquatic magnoliophyte species (Utricularia × neglecta) new for the flora of Montenegro are reported. It is suggested that the new population of Isoëtes gymnocarpa and its habitat should be protected.
{"title":"Isoëtes gymnocarpa and Utricularia × neglecta –\u0000new taxa for Montenegro","authors":"Roman E. Romanov, S. Dragićević, Angelo Troia","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-011","url":null,"abstract":"One lycophyte genus and species (Isoëtes gymnocarpa), and one aquatic magnoliophyte species (Utricularia × neglecta) new for the flora of Montenegro are reported. It is suggested that the new population of Isoëtes gymnocarpa and its habitat should be protected.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139775149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-012
Anjali Vyas, S. Kataria, Rajkumar Prajapati, Meeta Jain
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses a significant threat to food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Its solubility enables easy entry into plants, leading to reductions in seed germination, growth and crop yield. Thus, it is crucial to discover methods to alleviate the harmful impact of Cd on plant growth. Magnetopriming (MP) is a non-invasive and cost-effective technique that has been proposed to improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. The current study investigated the potential of MP to improve the seed germination, early seedling growth and biochemical responses of soybean under Cd toxicity. Soybean seeds were magnetoprimed with static magnetic field (SMF) strength of 200 mT for 1 hour before germination. The unprimed and magnetoprimed seeds were grown under different concentrations of cadmium chloride (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 300 μM CdCl2) in Petri plates for five days in the dark at 25 + 1°C. The results revealed that Cd toxicity significantly reduced the germination percentage and inhibited the seedling growth parameters and increased oxidative stress, as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) content in soybean seedlings from unprimed seeds. The inhibitory effect was increased with increasing concentration of Cd. However, MP remarkably increased the germination percentage, seedling growth parameters, activities of total amylase and protease, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and decreased MDA and proline content in germinating soybean seedlings at all concentrations of Cd. These findings suggest that MP can alleviate the adverse effects of Cd stress in soybean seedlings and increase the tolerance index towards Cd toxicity by enhancing the activity of amylotic and proteolytic enzymes and reducing oxidative stress.
{"title":"Mitigation of cadmium toxicity stress by magnetopriming during germination of soybean","authors":"Anjali Vyas, S. Kataria, Rajkumar Prajapati, Meeta Jain","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-012","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses a significant threat to food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Its solubility enables easy entry into plants, leading to reductions in seed germination, growth and crop yield. Thus, it is crucial to discover methods to alleviate the harmful impact of Cd on plant growth. Magnetopriming (MP) is a non-invasive and cost-effective technique that has been proposed to improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. The current study investigated the potential of MP to improve the seed germination, early seedling growth and biochemical responses of soybean under Cd toxicity. Soybean seeds were magnetoprimed with static magnetic field (SMF) strength of 200 mT for 1 hour before germination. The unprimed and magnetoprimed seeds were grown under different concentrations of cadmium chloride (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 300 μM CdCl2) in Petri plates for five days in the dark at 25 + 1°C. The results revealed that Cd toxicity significantly reduced the germination percentage and inhibited the seedling growth parameters and increased oxidative stress, as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) content in soybean seedlings from unprimed seeds. The inhibitory effect was increased with increasing concentration of Cd. However, MP remarkably increased the germination percentage, seedling growth parameters, activities of total amylase and protease, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and decreased MDA and proline content in germinating soybean seedlings at all concentrations of Cd. These findings suggest that MP can alleviate the adverse effects of Cd stress in soybean seedlings and increase the tolerance index towards Cd toxicity by enhancing the activity of amylotic and proteolytic enzymes and reducing oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-012
Anjali Vyas, S. Kataria, Rajkumar Prajapati, Meeta Jain
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses a significant threat to food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Its solubility enables easy entry into plants, leading to reductions in seed germination, growth and crop yield. Thus, it is crucial to discover methods to alleviate the harmful impact of Cd on plant growth. Magnetopriming (MP) is a non-invasive and cost-effective technique that has been proposed to improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. The current study investigated the potential of MP to improve the seed germination, early seedling growth and biochemical responses of soybean under Cd toxicity. Soybean seeds were magnetoprimed with static magnetic field (SMF) strength of 200 mT for 1 hour before germination. The unprimed and magnetoprimed seeds were grown under different concentrations of cadmium chloride (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 300 μM CdCl2) in Petri plates for five days in the dark at 25 + 1°C. The results revealed that Cd toxicity significantly reduced the germination percentage and inhibited the seedling growth parameters and increased oxidative stress, as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) content in soybean seedlings from unprimed seeds. The inhibitory effect was increased with increasing concentration of Cd. However, MP remarkably increased the germination percentage, seedling growth parameters, activities of total amylase and protease, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and decreased MDA and proline content in germinating soybean seedlings at all concentrations of Cd. These findings suggest that MP can alleviate the adverse effects of Cd stress in soybean seedlings and increase the tolerance index towards Cd toxicity by enhancing the activity of amylotic and proteolytic enzymes and reducing oxidative stress.
{"title":"Mitigation of cadmium toxicity stress by magnetopriming during germination of soybean","authors":"Anjali Vyas, S. Kataria, Rajkumar Prajapati, Meeta Jain","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-012","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses a significant threat to food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Its solubility enables easy entry into plants, leading to reductions in seed germination, growth and crop yield. Thus, it is crucial to discover methods to alleviate the harmful impact of Cd on plant growth. Magnetopriming (MP) is a non-invasive and cost-effective technique that has been proposed to improve plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. The current study investigated the potential of MP to improve the seed germination, early seedling growth and biochemical responses of soybean under Cd toxicity. Soybean seeds were magnetoprimed with static magnetic field (SMF) strength of 200 mT for 1 hour before germination. The unprimed and magnetoprimed seeds were grown under different concentrations of cadmium chloride (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 and 300 μM CdCl2) in Petri plates for five days in the dark at 25 + 1°C. The results revealed that Cd toxicity significantly reduced the germination percentage and inhibited the seedling growth parameters and increased oxidative stress, as determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) content in soybean seedlings from unprimed seeds. The inhibitory effect was increased with increasing concentration of Cd. However, MP remarkably increased the germination percentage, seedling growth parameters, activities of total amylase and protease, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and decreased MDA and proline content in germinating soybean seedlings at all concentrations of Cd. These findings suggest that MP can alleviate the adverse effects of Cd stress in soybean seedlings and increase the tolerance index towards Cd toxicity by enhancing the activity of amylotic and proteolytic enzymes and reducing oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-009
Martina Temunović, Zrinka Šola, Viktor Jakšić, Antonio Vidaković, Z. Liber, Igor Poljak, S. Bogdanović
In the eastern Adriatic flora the genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae) is represented with P. lentiscus L., P. terebinthus L., their hybrid P. × saportae Burnat and the cultivated P. vera L. In addition, an endemic putative taxon from Mt. Biokovo was described in 1985 as P. calcivora Radić. Our aim was to resolve relationships between the four putative indigenous taxa of this genus in Croatia (P. lentiscus, P. terebinthus, P. × saportae and P. calcivora) based on genetic (AFLP) and morphological data. Specifically, we aimed to determine the presence of the hybrid taxon P. × saportae and to validate the controversial taxonomic status of P. calcivora at the molecular and morphological levels. Our combined results indicate the presence of two well separated groups of populations. The first group included all individuals of P. terebinthus and the individuals initially assigned to the potential taxon P. calcivora based on leaf morphology, suggesting that there is no support for the described taxon P. calcivora and that it should be considered as a synonym for P. terebinthus. The second group corresponded to P. lentiscus and included the majority of the presumed hybrid individuals of P. × saportae. However, four hybrid individuals were confirmed at the molecular level and were placed between the two parental taxa in the phylogenetic tree, confirming the presence of P. × saportae in Croatia. Although confirmed P. × saportae individuals were genetically closer to P. lentiscus, they were morphologically more similar to P. terebinthus, hindering their correct identification in the field.
在亚得里亚海东部植物区系中，Pistacia L.属（天南星科）有 P. lentiscus L.、P. terebinthus L.、它们的杂交种 P. × saportae Burnat 和栽培的 P. vera L.。此外，1985 年描述了来自 Biokovo 山的一个特有的推定分类群，即 P. calcivora Radić。我们的目的是根据遗传学（AFLP）和形态学数据，解决该属在克罗地亚的四个假定本地类群（P. lentiscus、P. terebinthus、P. × saportae 和 P. calcivora）之间的关系。具体来说，我们的目的是确定杂交类群 P. × saportae 的存在，并在分子和形态学水平上验证有争议的 P. calcivora 的分类地位。我们的综合结果表明，存在两组完全不同的种群。第一组包括 P. terebinthus 的所有个体，以及根据叶片形态学初步归入潜在分类群 P. calcivora 的个体，这表明所描述的分类群 P. calcivora 没有得到支持，应将其视为 P. terebinthus 的异名。第二组与 P. lentiscus 相符，包括 P. × saportae 的大部分假定杂交个体。然而，有四个杂交个体在分子水平上得到了证实，并被置于系统发生树中两个亲本类群之间，证实了克罗地亚存在 P. × saportae。虽然经确认的 P. × saportae 个体在遗传上更接近 P. lentiscus，但它们在形态上与 P. terebinthus 更为相似，妨碍了它们在野外的正确识别。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.37427/botcro-2024-009
Martina Temunović, Zrinka Šola, Viktor Jakšić, Antonio Vidaković, Z. Liber, Igor Poljak, S. Bogdanović
In the eastern Adriatic flora the genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae) is represented with P. lentiscus L., P. terebinthus L., their hybrid P. × saportae Burnat and the cultivated P. vera L. In addition, an endemic putative taxon from Mt. Biokovo was described in 1985 as P. calcivora Radić. Our aim was to resolve relationships between the four putative indigenous taxa of this genus in Croatia (P. lentiscus, P. terebinthus, P. × saportae and P. calcivora) based on genetic (AFLP) and morphological data. Specifically, we aimed to determine the presence of the hybrid taxon P. × saportae and to validate the controversial taxonomic status of P. calcivora at the molecular and morphological levels. Our combined results indicate the presence of two well separated groups of populations. The first group included all individuals of P. terebinthus and the individuals initially assigned to the potential taxon P. calcivora based on leaf morphology, suggesting that there is no support for the described taxon P. calcivora and that it should be considered as a synonym for P. terebinthus. The second group corresponded to P. lentiscus and included the majority of the presumed hybrid individuals of P. × saportae. However, four hybrid individuals were confirmed at the molecular level and were placed between the two parental taxa in the phylogenetic tree, confirming the presence of P. × saportae in Croatia. Although confirmed P. × saportae individuals were genetically closer to P. lentiscus, they were morphologically more similar to P. terebinthus, hindering their correct identification in the field.
在亚得里亚海东部植物区系中，Pistacia L.属（天南星科）有 P. lentiscus L.、P. terebinthus L.、它们的杂交种 P. × saportae Burnat 和栽培的 P. vera L.。此外，1985 年描述了来自 Biokovo 山的一个特有的推定分类群，即 P. calcivora Radić。我们的目的是根据遗传学（AFLP）和形态学数据，解决该属在克罗地亚的四个假定本地类群（P. lentiscus、P. terebinthus、P. × saportae 和 P. calcivora）之间的关系。具体来说，我们的目的是确定杂交类群 P. × saportae 的存在，并在分子和形态学水平上验证有争议的 P. calcivora 的分类地位。我们的综合结果表明，存在两组完全不同的种群。第一组包括 P. terebinthus 的所有个体，以及根据叶片形态学初步归入潜在分类群 P. calcivora 的个体，这表明所描述的分类群 P. calcivora 没有得到支持，应将其视为 P. terebinthus 的异名。第二组与 P. lentiscus 相符，包括 P. × saportae 的大部分假定杂交个体。然而，有四个杂交个体在分子水平上得到了证实，并被置于系统发生树中两个亲本类群之间，证实了克罗地亚存在 P. × saportae。虽然经确认的 P. × saportae 个体在遗传上更接近 P. lentiscus，但它们在形态上与 P. terebinthus 更为相似，妨碍了它们在野外的正确识别。
{"title":"Clarifying genetic and taxonomic relationships among Pistacia taxa (Anacardiaceae) in Croatia","authors":"Martina Temunović, Zrinka Šola, Viktor Jakšić, Antonio Vidaković, Z. Liber, Igor Poljak, S. Bogdanović","doi":"10.37427/botcro-2024-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2024-009","url":null,"abstract":"In the eastern Adriatic flora the genus Pistacia L. (Anacardiaceae) is represented with P. lentiscus L., P. terebinthus L., their hybrid P. × saportae Burnat and the cultivated P. vera L. In addition, an endemic putative taxon from Mt. Biokovo was described in 1985 as P. calcivora Radić. Our aim was to resolve relationships between the four putative indigenous taxa of this genus in Croatia (P. lentiscus, P. terebinthus, P. × saportae and P. calcivora) based on genetic (AFLP) and morphological data. Specifically, we aimed to determine the presence of the hybrid taxon P. × saportae and to validate the controversial taxonomic status of P. calcivora at the molecular and morphological levels. Our combined results indicate the presence of two well separated groups of populations. The first group included all individuals of P. terebinthus and the individuals initially assigned to the potential taxon P. calcivora based on leaf morphology, suggesting that there is no support for the described taxon P. calcivora and that it should be considered as a synonym for P. terebinthus. The second group corresponded to P. lentiscus and included the majority of the presumed hybrid individuals of P. × saportae. However, four hybrid individuals were confirmed at the molecular level and were placed between the two parental taxa in the phylogenetic tree, confirming the presence of P. × saportae in Croatia. Although confirmed P. × saportae individuals were genetically closer to P. lentiscus, they were morphologically more similar to P. terebinthus, hindering their correct identification in the field.","PeriodicalId":6967,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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