Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04074-8
Anca Awal Sembada, Yohanes Theda, Ahmad Faizal
Animal diseases are among the most debilitating issues in the animal farming industry, resulting in decreased productivity and product quality worldwide. An emerging alternative to conventional injectable vaccines is edible vaccines, which promise increased delivery efficiency while maintaining vaccine effectiveness. One of the most promising platforms for edible vaccines is duckweeds, due to their high growth rate, ease of transformation, and excellent nutritional content. This review explores the potential, feasibility, and advantages of using duckweeds as platforms for edible vaccines. Duckweeds have proven to be superb feed sources, as evidenced by numerous improvements in both quantity (e.g., weight gain) and quality (e.g., yolk pigmentation). In terms of heterologous protein production, duckweeds, being plants, are capable of expressing proteins with complex structures and post-translational modifications. Research efforts have focused on the development of duckweed-based edible vaccines, including those against avian influenza, tuberculosis, Newcastle disease, and mastitis, among others. As with any emerging technology, the development of duckweeds as a platform for edible vaccines is still in its early stages compared to well-established injectable vaccines. It is evident that more proof-of-concept studies are required to bring edible vaccines closer to the current standards of conventional vaccines. Specifically, the duckweed expression system needs further development in areas such as yield and growth rate, especially when compared to bacterial and mammalian expression systems. Continued efforts in this field could lead to breakthroughs that significantly improve the resilience of the animal farming industry against disease threats.
{"title":"Duckweeds as edible vaccines in the animal farming industry.","authors":"Anca Awal Sembada, Yohanes Theda, Ahmad Faizal","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04074-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04074-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal diseases are among the most debilitating issues in the animal farming industry, resulting in decreased productivity and product quality worldwide. An emerging alternative to conventional injectable vaccines is edible vaccines, which promise increased delivery efficiency while maintaining vaccine effectiveness. One of the most promising platforms for edible vaccines is duckweeds, due to their high growth rate, ease of transformation, and excellent nutritional content. This review explores the potential, feasibility, and advantages of using duckweeds as platforms for edible vaccines. Duckweeds have proven to be superb feed sources, as evidenced by numerous improvements in both quantity (e.g., weight gain) and quality (e.g., yolk pigmentation). In terms of heterologous protein production, duckweeds, being plants, are capable of expressing proteins with complex structures and post-translational modifications. Research efforts have focused on the development of duckweed-based edible vaccines, including those against avian influenza, tuberculosis, Newcastle disease, and mastitis, among others. As with any emerging technology, the development of duckweeds as a platform for edible vaccines is still in its early stages compared to well-established injectable vaccines. It is evident that more proof-of-concept studies are required to bring edible vaccines closer to the current standards of conventional vaccines. Specifically, the duckweed expression system needs further development in areas such as yield and growth rate, especially when compared to bacterial and mammalian expression systems. Continued efforts in this field could lead to breakthroughs that significantly improve the resilience of the animal farming industry against disease threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04092-6
P M Vetriselvi, Manoj Kumar Narasimhan, Marcus Samuel, Rex Arunraj
Whole-cell bacteria overexpressing a combo of enzymes capable of breaking down complex lignocellulosic components of cell wall is a path-breaking innovation that is eco-friendly for agricultural waste processing and sustainable environment. In this study, a whole-cell E. coli overexpressing the enzyme alpha-galactosidase is used to biodegrade sugarcane bagasse, presenting a sustainable approach for agricultural waste utilization. Alpha-galactosidase is an enzyme that breaks down alpha-D-galactose residues at the non-reducing ends of oligosaccharides (such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose), complex galactomannans, and galactolipids. Submerged and solid-state fermentation-mediated hydrolysis of bagasse waste using recombinant E. coli overexpressing α-galactosidase shows a decrease in the level of α-galactosides releasing sucrose and reducing sugars, indicating a continuous breakdown of the cell wall. Scanning electron microscopy indicates substantial disintegration of cell wall fibers under both submerged (12 h) and solid-state (7 days) fermentation, confirming the disruption of bagasse cell wall structural integrity. The 2XM9 media was found competent for both total protein and enzyme activity; the total protein concentration was 2553 µg/ml after 28 h of induction with an enzyme activity of 0.445 gal units/µg of protein after 16 h of induction at 24 °C. The results show that using whole-cell recombinant systems that express different cell wall-degrading enzymes could be a sustainable way to use agricultural waste, which would help with both waste management and protecting the environment.
过量表达能分解细胞壁中复杂木质纤维素成分的组合酶的全细胞细菌是一种突破性创新,对农业废物处理和可持续环境具有生态友好性。本研究利用过量表达α-半乳糖苷酶的全细胞大肠杆菌对甘蔗渣进行生物降解,为农业废物利用提供了一种可持续的方法。α-半乳糖苷酶是一种能分解低聚糖(如棉子糖、水苏糖和马来糖)非还原末端的α-D-半乳糖残基、复合半乳甘露聚糖和半乳脂的酶。利用过量表达 α-半乳糖苷酶的重组大肠杆菌对甘蔗渣废料进行浸没式和固态发酵介导的水解显示,释放出蔗糖和还原糖的α-半乳糖苷水平下降,表明细胞壁在不断分解。扫描电子显微镜显示,在浸没发酵(12 小时)和固态发酵(7 天)过程中,细胞壁纤维都发生了大量分解,证实蔗渣细胞壁结构的完整性受到破坏。在 2XM9 培养基中,总蛋白和酶活性均合格;在 24 °C 下诱导 28 小时后,总蛋白浓度为 2553 微克/毫升,诱导 16 小时后,酶活性为 0.445 gal 单位/微克蛋白。研究结果表明,使用表达不同细胞壁降解酶的全细胞重组系统是一种可持续利用农业废弃物的方法,有助于废弃物管理和环境保护。
{"title":"Biodegradation of sugarcane bagasse biomass using recombinant alpha-galactosidase overexpressing whole-cell <i>E.coli</i>: a sustainable method of agricultural waste utilization.","authors":"P M Vetriselvi, Manoj Kumar Narasimhan, Marcus Samuel, Rex Arunraj","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04092-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04092-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole-cell bacteria overexpressing a combo of enzymes capable of breaking down complex lignocellulosic components of cell wall is a path-breaking innovation that is eco-friendly for agricultural waste processing and sustainable environment. In this study, a whole-cell <i>E. coli</i> overexpressing the enzyme alpha-galactosidase is used to biodegrade sugarcane bagasse, presenting a sustainable approach for agricultural waste utilization. Alpha-galactosidase is an enzyme that breaks down alpha-D-galactose residues at the non-reducing ends of oligosaccharides (such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose), complex galactomannans, and galactolipids. Submerged and solid-state fermentation-mediated hydrolysis of bagasse waste using recombinant <i>E. coli</i> overexpressing α-galactosidase shows a decrease in the level of α-galactosides releasing sucrose and reducing sugars, indicating a continuous breakdown of the cell wall. Scanning electron microscopy indicates substantial disintegration of cell wall fibers under both submerged (12 h) and solid-state (7 days) fermentation, confirming the disruption of bagasse cell wall structural integrity. The 2XM9 media was found competent for both total protein and enzyme activity; the total protein concentration was 2553 µg/ml after 28 h of induction with an enzyme activity of 0.445 gal units/µg of protein after 16 h of induction at 24 °C. The results show that using whole-cell recombinant systems that express different cell wall-degrading enzymes could be a sustainable way to use agricultural waste, which would help with both waste management and protecting the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1
Qiu-Hua Zhang, Zheng Wang, Yao-Qiang Wang, Yi-Lin Zhao, Hai-Jia Su
In this study, a novel colorimetric screening method for identifying menaquinone-7 (MK-7) producing strains was established using potassium permanganate. To our knowledge, this method represents the first direct screening methodology for the identification of MK-7 producing strains. Utilizing this screening method, a new MK-7 producing strain, Bacillus subtilis GSA-184, was identified from the soil of the Tibetan Plateau. Under the optimized fermentation medium (50 g/L glycerol, 30 g/L yeast extract powder, 100 g/L soybean peptone, 1 g/L KH2PO4, and 1 g/L MnSO4), the production of MK-7 was increased to 25.7 mg/L. Additionally, the maximum production of MK-7 reached 36.46 mg/L after 48 h in a 5-L fermenter.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1.
{"title":"Colorimetric screening model for identification of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) producing strains.","authors":"Qiu-Hua Zhang, Zheng Wang, Yao-Qiang Wang, Yi-Lin Zhao, Hai-Jia Su","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a novel colorimetric screening method for identifying menaquinone-7 (MK-7) producing strains was established using potassium permanganate. To our knowledge, this method represents the first direct screening methodology for the identification of MK-7 producing strains. Utilizing this screening method, a new MK-7 producing strain, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> GSA-184, was identified from the soil of the Tibetan Plateau. Under the optimized fermentation medium (50 g/L glycerol, 30 g/L yeast extract powder, 100 g/L soybean peptone, 1 g/L KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, and 1 g/L MnSO<sub>4</sub>), the production of MK-7 was increased to 25.7 mg/L. Additionally, the maximum production of MK-7 reached 36.46 mg/L after 48 h in a 5-L fermenter.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11422327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrothermal pretreatments are commonly employed prior to the biotechnological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products, such as fuels and chemicals. However, the by-products of this pretreatment, including furaldehydes, lignin-derived phenolics, and carboxylic acids, can inhibit the enzymes and microbes used in the biotechnological process. In this study, LCB degrading enzymes of endophytic and litter fungi were screened for their tolerance to potential pretreatment-derived inhibitors. Several fungi produced endo- and exoglucanases that remained functional in the presence of lignocellulose-derived phenolics. Some were also active in the presence of tannic acid. Additionally, thermostable endoglucanase activity was observed in some fungi. The ability of some of these fungi to utilize furaldehyde inhibitors as a sole carbon source was also noted. The culture supernatants of the fungal strains were tested in hydrolysis experiments using microcrystalline cellulose as a substrate, in the presence of lignocellulose phenolics and tannic acid. With some strains, higher sugar yields were obtained in the hydrolysis of cellulose when phenolics were added. Our results highlight the need for more intensive exploration of endophytic and plant litter fungi for novel inhibitor-resistant cellulases for biofuel production.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3.
{"title":"Fungal endophytes and leaf litter fungi as sources of novel inhibitor-resistant cellulase for biofuel production: a basic study.","authors":"Trichur Subramanian Suryanarayanan, Thavamani Rajamani, Nina Aro, Anna Borisova, Kaisa Marjamaa, Meenavalli Babu Govindarajulu","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrothermal pretreatments are commonly employed prior to the biotechnological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products, such as fuels and chemicals. However, the by-products of this pretreatment, including furaldehydes, lignin-derived phenolics, and carboxylic acids, can inhibit the enzymes and microbes used in the biotechnological process. In this study, LCB degrading enzymes of endophytic and litter fungi were screened for their tolerance to potential pretreatment-derived inhibitors. Several fungi produced endo- and exoglucanases that remained functional in the presence of lignocellulose-derived phenolics. Some were also active in the presence of tannic acid. Additionally, thermostable endoglucanase activity was observed in some fungi. The ability of some of these fungi to utilize furaldehyde inhibitors as a sole carbon source was also noted. The culture supernatants of the fungal strains were tested in hydrolysis experiments using microcrystalline cellulose as a substrate, in the presence of lignocellulose phenolics and tannic acid. With some strains, higher sugar yields were obtained in the hydrolysis of cellulose when phenolics were added. Our results highlight the need for more intensive exploration of endophytic and plant litter fungi for novel inhibitor-resistant cellulases for biofuel production.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current investigation involved the isolation of 13 endophytic fungi from Taxus sp. collected in Himachal Pradesh, India. Among these, isolate PAT-3 produced 195.13 mg/L of Taxol in reformative medium broth using microbial fermentation as an alternative source. The PAT-3 isolate was characterized as Mucor circinelloides through morphologic and molecular techniques. The PAT-3 isolate was the only one to exhibit positive results for the Taxol biosynthesis-related genes 10-deacetylbaccatin-III-10-O-acetyltransferase (dbat), Baccatin-III, 3: amino, 3 phenylpropanol transferase (bapt), and taxadienol-acetyltransferase (tat). Furthermore, human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human melanoma cancer (SKMEL-28) cell lines demonstrated the cytotoxicity of Taxol extracted from isolate PAT-3, with IC50 values of 80.32 µg/mL and 77.21 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the ability of the endophytic fungus M. circinelloides from Taxus sp. in the northern Himalayan region to produce paclitaxel. The study's findings show that Mucor circinelloides is an excellent alternative source of Taxol, and they may pave the way for the production of Taxol at the industrial level in future.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7.
{"title":"Paclitaxel production from endophytic <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> isolated from <i>Taxus</i> sp. of the Northern Himalayan region.","authors":"Aparajita Sharma, Pryanka Thakur, Vikram Thakur, Duni Chand, Ravi Kant Bhatia, Sourabh Kulshrestha, Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current investigation involved the isolation of 13 endophytic fungi from <i>Taxus</i> sp. collected in Himachal Pradesh, India. Among these, isolate PAT-3 produced 195.13 mg/L of Taxol in reformative medium broth using microbial fermentation as an alternative source. The PAT-3 isolate was characterized as <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> through morphologic and molecular techniques. The PAT-3 isolate was the only one to exhibit positive results for the Taxol biosynthesis-related genes 10-deacetylbaccatin-III-10-O-acetyltransferase (<i>dbat</i>), Baccatin-III, 3: amino, 3 phenylpropanol transferase (<i>bapt</i>), and taxadienol-acetyltransferase (<i>tat</i>). Furthermore, human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human melanoma cancer (SKMEL-28) cell lines demonstrated the cytotoxicity of Taxol extracted from isolate PAT-3, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 80.32 µg/mL and 77.21 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the ability of the endophytic fungus <i>M. circinelloides</i> from <i>Taxus</i> sp. in the northern Himalayan region to produce paclitaxel. The study's findings show that <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> is an excellent alternative source of Taxol, and they may pave the way for the production of Taxol at the industrial level in future.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anamirta cocculus, a woody climber, is extensively utilised in traditional Asian medicine. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of A. cocculus leaf extracts on various cancer cell lines as well as on a normal cell line. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited potent anticancer activity, with the highest cytotoxicity observed against ovarian cancer cell line (PA1) (IC50 = 8.30 ± 0.38 µg/mL) and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) (IC50 = 17.97 ± 0.63 µg/mL). Notably, the extract displayed low toxicity (18.72 ± 0.73%) on the normal human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, indicating selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. The acetone extract also demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines, including A498, MG63, PA1, and UM-SCC-83B. The ethyl acetate extract of A. cocculus demonstrated potent inhibition of colony formation in HT29 and PA1 cancer cell lines while inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. The number of late apoptotic cells increased with an increase in concentrations of ACLE. Molecular docking studies of compounds identified through GC-MS analysis revealed strong interactions with key apoptotic proteins, including caspase-8, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Compounds such as vitamin E, epoxylathyrol, squalene, and phytol showed high binding affinity to these proteins, suggesting their role in apoptosis induction. The possibility of induction of apoptotic proteins through indirect interaction by binding to other proteins or receptors cannot be ruled out. The cytotoxic effects may result from individual, combined, or synergistic actions of these compounds. Among these, epoxylathyrol emerged as a particularly promising anticancer drug candidate based on ADME analysis and binding affinity assessments, warranting further investigation.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04096-2.
{"title":"Unveiling the anticancer potential of <i>Anamirta cocculus</i> (L.) Wight& Arn.: Evidences from cytotoxicity studies, apoptosis analysis, and molecular docking.","authors":"Shiji Thozhukkad Moosaripparambil, Kannan Vadakkadath Meethal","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04096-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04096-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Anamirta cocculus</i>, a woody climber, is extensively utilised in traditional Asian medicine. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of <i>A. cocculus</i> leaf extracts on various cancer cell lines as well as on a normal cell line. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited potent anticancer activity, with the highest cytotoxicity observed against ovarian cancer cell line (PA1) (IC<sub>50</sub> = 8.30 ± 0.38 µg/mL) and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) (IC<sub>50</sub> = 17.97 ± 0.63 µg/mL). Notably, the extract displayed low toxicity (18.72 ± 0.73%) on the normal human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, indicating selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells. The acetone extract also demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines, including A498, MG63, PA1, and UM-SCC-83B. The ethyl acetate extract of <i>A. cocculus</i> demonstrated potent inhibition of colony formation in HT29 and PA1 cancer cell lines while inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. The number of late apoptotic cells increased with an increase in concentrations of ACLE. Molecular docking studies of compounds identified through GC-MS analysis revealed strong interactions with key apoptotic proteins, including caspase-8, p53, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Compounds such as vitamin E, epoxylathyrol, squalene, and phytol showed high binding affinity to these proteins, suggesting their role in apoptosis induction. The possibility of induction of apoptotic proteins through indirect interaction by binding to other proteins or receptors cannot be ruled out. The cytotoxic effects may result from individual, combined, or synergistic actions of these compounds. Among these, epoxylathyrol emerged as a particularly promising anticancer drug candidate based on ADME analysis and binding affinity assessments, warranting further investigation.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04096-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms has created a critical need for alternative treatment options. Phage therapy is gaining attention as an effective way to fight bacterial infections by using lytic bacteriophages to specifically target and kill harmful bacteria. This review discusses several phage therapeutic options and emphasizes new developments in phage biology. Phage treatment has proven to be successful against MDR bacteria, as evidenced by multiple human clinical trials that indicate favorable results in treating a range of diseases caused by these pathogens. Despite these promising results, challenges such as phage resistance, regulatory hurdles, and the need for standardized treatment protocols remain. To effectively combat MDR bacterial infections, future research must focus on enhancing phage effectiveness, guaranteeing safety for human usage and incorporating phage therapy into clinical practice.
{"title":"Phage therapy: A novel approach against multidrug-resistant pathogens.","authors":"Arushi Kapoor, Samriti Balaji Mudaliar, Vyasraj G Bhat, Ishita Chakraborty, Alevoor Srinivas Bharath Prasad, Nirmal Mazumder","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04101-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04101-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms has created a critical need for alternative treatment options. Phage therapy is gaining attention as an effective way to fight bacterial infections by using lytic bacteriophages to specifically target and kill harmful bacteria. This review discusses several phage therapeutic options and emphasizes new developments in phage biology. Phage treatment has proven to be successful against MDR bacteria, as evidenced by multiple human clinical trials that indicate favorable results in treating a range of diseases caused by these pathogens. Despite these promising results, challenges such as phage resistance, regulatory hurdles, and the need for standardized treatment protocols remain. To effectively combat MDR bacterial infections, future research must focus on enhancing phage effectiveness, guaranteeing safety for human usage and incorporating phage therapy into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04079-3
H Anjulal, Mamata Singhvi, Smita Zinjarde
In the current study, the ability of an indigenous marine Actinomycete Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (NCIM 5124) to degrade poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-PHB was examined. From the whole genome sequencing data of the organism, information regarding the PHB depolymerase gene and amino acid sequence (Accession number: MCK9871921.1) was retrieved. In silico studies indicated the presence of a signal peptide characteristic of extracellular enzymes. ProtParam tool predicted that the protein had a molecular mass of 42.46 kDa with an isoelectric point of 4.51. Aliphatic and instability index values suggested that the protein was stable and the observed GARVY value indicated its hydrophilic nature. 3D structure prediction and multiple sequence alignments revealed the presence of Type I catalytic domain [including the oxyanion histidine towards the N terminal, the catalytic triad with serine (as a part of GLSAG pentapeptide), aspartate and histidine], substrate binding and linker domain. The organism was able to grow on PHB in solid and liquid media and effectively degrade it. Maximum enzyme activity (1.8 U/mL/min) was observed after 5 d of incubation in Bushnell Hass Medium containing 0.1% PHB, 1.5% sodium chloride, at 30 °C, pH 7.5 with agitation at 130 rpm. Application of the organism in disintegrating films of PHB and its copolymers was successfully demonstrated on the basis of weight loss and scanning electron microscope analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on production of PHB depolymerase with high efficiency by N. dassonvillei, an organism that holds promise in degrading PHB-derived waste material.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04079-3.
{"title":"Insights into the biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates by the tropical marine isolate, <i>Nocardiopsis dassonvillei</i> NCIM 5124.","authors":"H Anjulal, Mamata Singhvi, Smita Zinjarde","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04079-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04079-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current study, the ability of an indigenous marine Actinomycete <i>Nocardiopsis dassonvillei</i> (NCIM 5124) to degrade poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-PHB was examined. From the whole genome sequencing data of the organism, information regarding the PHB depolymerase gene and amino acid sequence (Accession number: MCK9871921.1) was retrieved. In silico studies indicated the presence of a signal peptide characteristic of extracellular enzymes. ProtParam tool predicted that the protein had a molecular mass of 42.46 kDa with an isoelectric point of 4.51. Aliphatic and instability index values suggested that the protein was stable and the observed GARVY value indicated its hydrophilic nature. 3D structure prediction and multiple sequence alignments revealed the presence of Type I catalytic domain [including the oxyanion histidine towards the N terminal, the catalytic triad with serine (as a part of GLSAG pentapeptide), aspartate and histidine], substrate binding and linker domain. The organism was able to grow on PHB in solid and liquid media and effectively degrade it. Maximum enzyme activity (1.8 U/mL/min) was observed after 5 d of incubation in Bushnell Hass Medium containing 0.1% PHB, 1.5% sodium chloride, at 30 °C, pH 7.5 with agitation at 130 rpm. Application of the organism in disintegrating films of PHB and its copolymers was successfully demonstrated on the basis of weight loss and scanning electron microscope analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on production of PHB depolymerase with high efficiency by <i>N. dassonvillei</i>, an organism that holds promise in degrading PHB-derived waste material.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04079-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the response of ethyl methanesulfonate-derived twenty mutant lines of Gossypium herbaceum, along with the parent type Wagad cultivar, to drought stress. Physiological parameters, such as relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and water use efficiency (WUE), were examined. The mutant line mut_3219 exhibited superior drought tolerance, maintaining high RWC and water retention capacity, with minimal reductions in A, gs, and E, leading to higher WUE than parent type and other mutant lines. Chlorophyll pigments declined in all the mutants under drought. However, mut_3219 retained higher levels than mut_4785. Anthocyanin accumulation indicated a protective response. Chlorophyll fluorescence showed mut_3219 is less sensitive to drought-induced PSII damage than mut_4785, with better membrane stability and higher proline accumulation, among all other mutant lines and parent type. The morphological parameters were less affected in mut_3219 compared to mut_4785 and parent type. Molecular analyses under control and drought conditions revealed significant variations in the expression of seven drought-related genes (GhbHLH, GhMYB5, GhWRKY33, GhRAF4, GhRAF19, GhNAC2, and GhCAMTA). The relative expression of GhbHLH, GhNAC2, GhRAF4, GhRAF19, and GhCAMTA increased under drought conditions, with notable changes in mut_3219 compared to parent type and all other mutant lines, indicating its enhanced drought tolerance. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in cotton.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04089-1.
{"title":"Physio-morphological and molecular characterization of ethyl methanesulfonate-derived mutant population of <i>Gossypium herbaceum</i> L. cv. (Wagad) for drought tolerance.","authors":"Sushma, Umesh Kumar, Vipin Kumar Tiwari, Priyamvada Mishra, Vaishali, Hemant Kumar Yadav, Samir V Sawant, Pramod Arvind Shirke","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04089-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04089-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the response of ethyl methanesulfonate-derived twenty mutant lines of <i>Gossypium herbaceum</i>, along with the parent type Wagad cultivar, to drought stress. Physiological parameters, such as relative water content (RWC), net photosynthesis (<i>A</i>), stomatal conductance (<i>g</i> <sub>s</sub>), transpiration rate (<i>E</i>), and water use efficiency (<i>WUE</i>), were examined. The mutant line mut_3219 exhibited superior drought tolerance, maintaining high RWC and water retention capacity, with minimal reductions in <i>A</i>, <i>g</i> <sub>s</sub>, and <i>E</i>, leading to higher <i>WUE</i> than parent type and other mutant lines. Chlorophyll pigments declined in all the mutants under drought. However, mut_3219 retained higher levels than mut_4785. Anthocyanin accumulation indicated a protective response. Chlorophyll fluorescence showed mut_3219 is less sensitive to drought-induced PSII damage than mut_4785, with better membrane stability and higher proline accumulation, among all other mutant lines and parent type. The morphological parameters were less affected in mut_3219 compared to mut_4785 and parent type. Molecular analyses under control and drought conditions revealed significant variations in the expression of seven drought-related genes (<i>GhbHLH</i>, <i>GhMYB5</i>, <i>GhWRKY33</i>, <i>GhRAF4</i>, <i>GhRAF19</i>, <i>GhNAC2</i>, and <i>GhCAMTA</i>). The relative expression of <i>GhbHLH</i>, <i>GhNAC2</i>, <i>GhRAF4</i>, <i>GhRAF19</i>, and <i>GhCAMTA</i> increased under drought conditions, with notable changes in mut_3219 compared to parent type and all other mutant lines, indicating its enhanced drought tolerance. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in cotton.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04089-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04064-w
Annapurneshwari M Hongal, Arun K Shettar, Joy H Hoskeri, A B Vedamurthy
The present study was aimed to synthesize the silver nanoparticles from Alangium salvifolium Wang. and evaluating its biomedical applications. The leaves of A. salvifolium collected and subjected for the standard procedure of Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent. With the help of an aqueous extract AgNPs were synthesized from silver nitrate using phyto-reduction method. Further, synthesized AgNPs were characterized using several analytical techniques such as UV, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, particles size and zeta potential. Synthesized AgNPs were tested for antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer for lung cancer cell line and flowcytometry-based pathway studies. The visual observation confirmed the formation of AgNPs from the aqueous extract by changing yellow to brown colour formation. Further, characterization techniques also confirmed the formation of AgNPs. Antibacterial activity results showed that the tested AgNPs were potent against bacterial pathogens with a higher zone of inhibition. Further, the antioxidant and anticancer activity of AgNPs revealed that the AgNPs have exhibited significant results with a good percentage of inhibition. Further, the flow cytometry studies confirmed that the AgNPs inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer. The phytochemicals of A. salvifolium plant have successfully synthesized AgNPs. In the case of performed biological activity, the synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited potent activity. In future these AgNPs can be taken for molecular and in vivo studies to identify their efficacy using in vivo and molecular models.
{"title":"Silver nanoparticles mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer A549.","authors":"Annapurneshwari M Hongal, Arun K Shettar, Joy H Hoskeri, A B Vedamurthy","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04064-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04064-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was aimed to synthesize the silver nanoparticles from <i>Alangium salvifolium</i> Wang. and evaluating its biomedical applications. The leaves of <i>A. salvifolium</i> collected and subjected for the standard procedure of Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent. With the help of an aqueous extract AgNPs were synthesized from silver nitrate using phyto-reduction method. Further, synthesized AgNPs were characterized using several analytical techniques such as UV, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, particles size and zeta potential. Synthesized AgNPs were tested for antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer for lung cancer cell line and flowcytometry-based pathway studies. The visual observation confirmed the formation of AgNPs from the aqueous extract by changing yellow to brown colour formation. Further, characterization techniques also confirmed the formation of AgNPs. Antibacterial activity results showed that the tested AgNPs were potent against bacterial pathogens with a higher zone of inhibition. Further, the antioxidant and anticancer activity of AgNPs revealed that the AgNPs have exhibited significant results with a good percentage of inhibition. Further, the flow cytometry studies confirmed that the AgNPs inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer. The phytochemicals of <i>A. salvifolium</i> plant have successfully synthesized AgNPs. In the case of performed biological activity, the synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited potent activity. In future these AgNPs can be taken for molecular and in vivo studies to identify their efficacy using in vivo and molecular models.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}