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Simultaneous detection of novel goose parvovirus and novel duck reovirus by SYBR Green I-based duplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 利用基于 SYBR Green I 的双工实时定量聚合酶链式反应同时检测新型鹅细小病毒和新型鸭细小病毒。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04139-8
Yimin Wang, Yong Wang, Zhuangli Bi, Yuhan Liu, Chunchun Meng, Jie Zhu, Guangqing Liu, Chuanfeng Li

Co-infection with novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) and novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is common, significantly impeding duck growth and resulting in considerable economic losses within the duck farming industry. To facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis and differentiation of these two viruses, this study developed a SYBR Green I-based duplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. This assay enabled the simultaneous detection of NGPV and NDRV by exploiting their distinct melting temperatures (Tm): 78.5 ± 0.50 °C for NGPV and 84.5 ± 0.50 °C for NDRV. No amplification was observed for other prevalent non-target duck viruses. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 1.75%. The assay showed good performance with the same detection limit of 102 copies/μL for both NGPV and NDRV. The results of the clinical testing indicated that 45.3% (34/75) of the samples tested positive for NGPV, while 38.7% (29/75) were positive for NDRV. Notably, 13.3% (10/75) exhibited co-infection. These results revealed that the sensitivity of the developed method exceed that of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The developed method for the identifying of NGPV and NDRV shows good specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability, rendering it an effective tool for the simultaneous detection of co-infection with NGPV and NDRV.

新型鹅副粘病毒(NGPV)和新型鸭再病毒(NDRV)的混合感染很常见,严重阻碍了鸭子的生长,给养鸭业造成了巨大的经济损失。为了快速准确地诊断和区分这两种病毒,本研究开发了一种基于 SYBR Green I 的双工实时定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测方法。通过利用 NGPV 和 NDRV 不同的熔解温度 (Tm),该检测方法可同时检测这两种病毒:NGPV 为 78.5 ± 0.50 °C,NDRV 为 84.5 ± 0.50 °C。其他流行的非目标鸭病毒未发现扩增。测定内和测定间的变异系数均小于 1.75%。该检测方法性能良好,对 NGPV 和 NDRV 的检测限均为 102 拷贝/μL。临床检测结果表明,45.3%(34/75)的样本对 NGPV 检测呈阳性,38.7%(29/75)的样本对 NDRV 检测呈阳性。值得注意的是,13.3%(10/75)的样本表现出合并感染。这些结果表明,所开发方法的灵敏度超过了传统的聚合酶链反应(PCR)。所开发的鉴定 NGPV 和 NDRV 的方法具有良好的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,是同时检测 NGPV 和 NDRV 共同感染的有效工具。
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引用次数: 0
Composition and diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in the tubers of Pinellia ternata from different regions and their effects on succinate biosynthesis based on high-throughput sequencing. 基于高通量测序的不同地区半夏块茎内生细菌群落的组成和多样性及其对琥珀酸生物合成的影响。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04108-1
Peng Zhang, Wei Ding, Heng Zheng

In this study, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology was used to investigate the composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria and their effects on succinic acid biosynthesis in P. ternata tubers from three different geographical locations (MS, SL, and ZT). A total of 1777 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were annotated, and the diversity and composition of endophytic bacteria in P. ternata tubers were significantly different among different regions. The ZT samples presented the highest α diversity, and the Shannon diversity, richness, and Pielou evenness index were all ZT > MS > SL. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that endophytic bacterial groups such as Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, and Chryseomicrobium were key groups in the endophytic bacterial interaction network, indicating that they play a role in maintaining community stability. In addition, some endophytic bacteria were associated with the biosynthesis of succinic acid, a key bioactive compound in P. ternata. The succinate content was positively correlated with the genera Brevundimonas, Ensifer, Nocardioides, and Paenibacillus, while it was negatively correlated with the genera Lentimicrobium, Anaerovorax, and Pajaroellobacter. These findings highlight the key role of endophytic bacteria in regulating the efficacy of P. ternata. These findings provide key information for further elucidating the mechanism by which endophytic bacteria affect the synthesis of bioactive compounds.

本研究采用高通量测序(HTS)技术研究了三个不同地理位置(MS、SL和ZT)的P. ternata块茎中内生细菌的组成和多样性及其对琥珀酸生物合成的影响。共注释了 1777 个扩增子序列变异(ASVs),不同地区 P. ternata 块茎中内生细菌的多样性和组成存在显著差异。ZT 样品的 α 多样性最高,香农多样性、丰富度和 Pielou 均匀度指数均为 ZT > MS > SL。共生网络分析显示,内生细菌群(如 Stenotrophomonas、Pseudomonas、Mycobacterium 和 Chryseomicrobium)是内生细菌相互作用网络中的关键群,表明它们在维持群落稳定性方面发挥作用。此外,一些内生细菌与琥珀酸的生物合成有关,琥珀酸是 P. ternata 的一种关键生物活性化合物。琥珀酸含量与 Brevundimonas 属、Ensifer 属、Nocardioides 属和 Paenibacillus 属呈正相关,而与 Lentimicrobium 属、Anaerovorax 属和 Pajaroellobacter 属呈负相关。这些发现凸显了内生细菌在调节 P. ternata 的功效方面所起的关键作用。这些发现为进一步阐明内生细菌影响生物活性化合物合成的机制提供了关键信息。
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引用次数: 0
Cloning, heterologous expression and characterization of β-glucosidase deriving from Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime and Phillips Mora. 源自 Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime 和 Phillips Mora 的 β-葡萄糖苷酶的克隆、异源表达和特征描述。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04128-x
Alison Borges Vitor, Keilane Silva Farias, Geise Camila Araújo Ribeiro, Carlos Priminho Pirovani, Raquel Guimarães Benevides, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Sandra Aparecida de Assis

Β-glucosidase (BGLs) act synergistically with endoglucanases and exoglucanases and then are of great interest for biomass conversion into bioethanol. Thus, the aim of the current study is to produce a recombinant β-glycosidase from Moniliophtora perniciosa expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Enzyme coding sequence expression was confirmed through Sanger sequencing after using wheat bran (WB) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as fungal growth media. Synthetic gene betaglyc-GH1 with optimized codons for E. coli expression was cloned in pET-28a. β-glucosidase recombinant (GH1chimera) was purified using a nickel column and its identity was confirmed through mass spectrometry. The recombinant enzyme presented an apparent molecular mass of 53.23 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Recombinant β-glucosidase has shown hydrolytic activity using p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glycopyranoside (pNPG) as substrate and maximum activity at pH 4.6 and 65 °C. Thus, the results indicate that the application of the GH1chimera in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials to obtain glucose monomers can be efficient.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04128-x.

Β-葡萄糖苷酶(BGLs)与内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶具有协同作用,因此在将生物质转化为生物乙醇方面具有重大意义。因此,本研究的目的是从大肠杆菌细胞中表达的钝顶莫尼利藻(Moniliophtora perniciosa)中产生一种重组β-糖苷酶。在使用麦麸(WB)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)作为真菌生长培养基后,通过桑格测序确认了酶编码序列的表达。合成基因 betaglyc-GH1 已克隆到 pET-28a 中,并优化了大肠杆菌表达的密码子。用镍柱纯化了重组β-葡萄糖苷酶(GH1chimera),并通过质谱法确认了其身份。重组酶在 SDS-PAGE 上的表观分子质量为 53.23 kDa。以对硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(pNPG)为底物,重组β-葡萄糖苷酶显示出水解活性,并在 pH 值为 4.6、温度为 65 ℃ 时活性最高。因此,研究结果表明,在水解木质纤维素材料以获得葡萄糖单体的过程中应用 GH1chimera 是有效的:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s13205-024-04128-x。
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引用次数: 0
Novel genetic variants of banana streak MY virus and banana streak IM virus naturally infecting banana in Northeast India. 印度东北部香蕉自然感染的香蕉条纹 MY 病毒和香蕉条纹 IM 病毒的新基因变种。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04113-4
Richa Rai, Yumlembam Rupert Anand, Sapam Monteshori, Damini Diksha, Saurabh Kumar Dubey, Virendra Kumar Baranwal, Susheel Kumar Sharma

Divergent banana streak viruses (BSV) were characterized from banana plants exhibiting diverse symptoms in the Northeast region (NER) of India. Using rolling circle amplification (RCA), the complete genome sequences of seven episomal banana streak MY virus (BSMYV) isolates, including two novel variants, and two new banana streak IM virus (BSIMV) isolates were characterized. The novel BSMYV genetic variants were associated with conspicuous necrosis on newly emerged leaves, peduncle distortion, pseudostem internal necrosis, in addition to common streak symptoms. For complete genome nucleotide sequences, BSMYV-IN4 and IN5 shared 77-79% identity with other BSMYVs, while BSMYV-IN7 and IN8 exhibited identities of 77-97%. This study reports for the first time, the complete genomes of two banana streak IM virus (BSIMV-IN1 and -IN2) infecting triploid banana hybrids exhibiting leaf distortion, stunted rosette-like growth, and necrosis, sharing 87% sequence identity with reference BSIMV genome (GenBank accession no. HQ593112). Phylogenetic inference based on complete genomes revealed the distinct and congruent placement of BSMYV-IN4 and IN5 within the BSMYV cluster. Pairwise sequence comparisons of the conserved RT/RNase H nucleotide (nt) sequences revealed that the BSMYV-IN7 and IN4 isolates showed 85% and 97% identity to BSMYV (AY805074), respectively, which shared highest nt identity with BSMYV-IN6, IN9, and IN10, at 100%. The RT/RNase H nt sequences of BSIMV-IN1 and IN2 had 98% identity with the BSIMV (HQ593112), but were characterized as novel variants of BSIMV based on complete genomes. An analysis of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) pattern in the ORFIII polyprotein of BSMYV and BSIMV isolates revealed AGA and AGG (arginine) as the most frequently overrepresented codons (>1.5), evolutionary conserved in the genome of both species. A total of 14 recombination events were detected among the 36 BSV genomes, with recombination breakpoints mainly located in the ORFI, III, and IGR genomic regions. A novel phylogenetic cluster, comprised of BSMYV-IN4 and IN5 within the clade I was probably derived from heterologous recombination between parents resembling banana streak VN virus (BSVNV; AY750155) and banana streak GF virus (BSGFV; KJ013507) isolates. The present study conclusively reports the infection of genetically and symptomatically distinct variants of BSMYV and BSIMV infecting banana hybrids in NER India.

从印度东北部地区(NER)表现出不同症状的香蕉植株中发现了不同的香蕉条纹病毒(BSV)。利用滚动圈扩增(RCA)技术,鉴定了 7 个外显香蕉条纹 MY 病毒(BSMYV)分离株(包括 2 个新型变体)和 2 个新型香蕉条纹 IM 病毒(BSIMV)分离株的完整基因组序列。新型 BSMYV 基因变体除了常见的条斑病症状外,还与新萌发叶片上的明显坏死、花序梗扭曲、假茎内部坏死有关。在完整的基因组核苷酸序列中,BSMYV-IN4 和 IN5 与其他 BSMYV 的同一性为 77-79%,而 BSMYV-IN7 和 IN8 的同一性为 77-97%。本研究首次报道了感染三倍体香蕉杂交种的两种香蕉条纹IM病毒(BSIMV-IN1和-IN2)的完整基因组,这两种病毒表现出叶片扭曲、莲座状生长迟缓和坏死,与参考BSIMV基因组(GenBank登录号:HQ593112)有87%的序列相同性。基于完整基因组的系统发育推断表明,BSMYV-IN4 和 IN5 在 BSMYV 群体中的位置是不同的,而且是一致的。对保守的 RT/RNase H 核苷酸(nt)序列进行配对比较发现,BSMYV-IN7 和 IN4 分离物与 BSMYV (AY805074) 的同一性分别为 85% 和 97%,与 BSMYV-IN6、IN9 和 IN10 的 nt 同一性最高,为 100%。BSIMV-IN1和IN2的RT/RNase H nt序列与BSIMV(HQ593112)的同一性为98%,但基于完整基因组被鉴定为BSIMV的新变种。对 BSMYV 和 BSIMV 分离物 ORFIII 多聚蛋白中相对同义密码子使用(RSCU)模式的分析表明,AGA 和 AGG(精氨酸)是最常出现的高比例密码子(>1.5),在这两个物种的基因组中进化保守。36 个 BSV 基因组中共检测到 14 个重组事件,重组断点主要位于 ORFI、III 和 IGR 基因组区域。一个新的系统发生群由支系 I 中的 BSMYV-IN4 和 IN5 组成,该系统发生群可能来自于类似于香蕉条纹 VN 病毒(BSVNV;AY750155)和香蕉条纹 GF 病毒(BSGFV;KJ013507)分离株的亲本之间的异源重组。本研究最终报告了印度东北部香蕉杂交种感染 BSMYV 和 BSIMV 的不同基因和症状变种的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using natural extracts and their potential for cancer treatment. 探索利用天然提取物绿色合成银纳米粒子及其治疗癌症的潜力。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04118-z
Ahmed A H Abdellatif, Mahmoud A H Mostafa, Hiroyuki Konno, Mahmoud A Younis

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted increasing attention in nanomedicine, with versatile applications in drug delivery, antimicrobial treatments, and cancer therapies. While chemical synthesis remains a common approach for AgNP production, ensuring environmental sustainability requires a shift toward eco-friendly, "green" synthesis techniques. This article underscores the promising role of plant extracts in the green synthesis of AgNPs, highlighting the importance of their natural sources and diverse bioactive compounds. Various characterization methods for these nanomaterials are also reviewed. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of green AgNPs (Gr-AgNPs) is examined, focusing on their mechanisms of action and the challenges to their clinical implementation. Finally, future directions in the field are discussed.

银纳米粒子(AgNPs)在纳米医学领域的应用日益受到关注,它在药物输送、抗菌治疗和癌症治疗方面有着广泛的应用。虽然化学合成仍是生产 AgNP 的常用方法,但要确保环境的可持续发展,就必须转向生态友好的 "绿色 "合成技术。本文强调了植物提取物在 AgNPs 绿色合成中的重要作用,突出了其天然来源和多种生物活性化合物的重要性。文章还综述了这些纳米材料的各种表征方法。此外,还研究了绿色 AgNPs(Gr-AgNPs)的抗癌潜力,重点关注其作用机制及其临床应用所面临的挑战。最后,还讨论了该领域的未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Phytoplasma etiology and epidemiology of wheat streak and stunting disease in Central India. 印度中部小麦条纹病和发育不良病的植原体病原学和流行病学。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04114-3
Manish Kumar, T L Prakasha, A N Mishra, M S Saharan, N Meshram, Govind P Rao

A total of 151 genotypes of durum and bread wheat exhibiting symptoms of stunting and bushy growth, leaf yellowing, and drying of clumps were recorded at ICAR-IARI Regional Station, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India from 2016 to 2018. The disease incidence was recorded more in durum wheat genotypes as compared to bread wheat genotypes. The presence of any virus, bacterial, and fungal pathogens was ruled out by applying cultural growth and electron microscopy. However, association of phytoplasmas presence was confirmed in 142 (out of 151) durum and bread wheat genotypes by employing PCR primer pairs of 16S rRNA, leuS and secA genes. The sequence analysis of all the genes and in silico RFLP analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of wheat phytoplasma strains identified them as rice yellow dwarf group (16SrXI-B) and Bermuda grass white leaf group (16SrXIV-A). Two symptomatic weed species (Parthenium hysterophorus and Cleome gynandra) tested positive for 16SrXI-B phytoplasma subgroup and four weed species (Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Euphorbia hirta and Rhynchosia minima) for 16SrXIV-A phytoplasma subgroup growing in and around wheat fields. Six hopper species identified from symptomatic wheat fields were also analyzed for phytoplasma presence. Three hopper species viz., Sogatella furcifera, Balclutha rubrostriata, and Exitianus indicus were tested positive to phytoplasmas in 16SrXIV group, while Sogatella kolophon, Cofana unimaculata, and Maiestas sp. tested positive to 16SrXI group of phytoplasmas in nested PCR assays. Transmission assays revealed that S. furcifera and B. rubrostriata successfully transmitted the 16SrXIV-A strain from infected wheat to healthy wheat plants; however, C. unimaculata was able to transmit 16SrXI-B subgroup from infected wheat to healthy wheat plants under glasshouse conditions. A variation in phytoplasma associated disease incidence was recorded on wheat genotypes in different years and was also found positively correlated with temperature, humidity, and hopper population. The identification of similar phytoplasma strains (16SrXI and 16SrXIV group) from wheat, weeds, and hoppers indicated potential risk of transmission of these strains to wheat genotypes and other agricultural crops, which needs further investigations on epidemiological aspects.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04114-3.

2016 年至 2018 年期间,在印度中央邦印多尔的 ICAR-IARI 区域站共记录到 151 个硬粒小麦和面包小麦基因型表现出生长迟缓和灌木丛状生长、叶片黄化和麦穗干枯等症状。与面包小麦基因型相比,硬质小麦基因型的病害发生率更高。通过培养生长和电子显微镜检查,排除了任何病毒、细菌和真菌病原体的存在。然而,通过使用 16S rRNA、leuS 和 secA 基因的 PCR 引物对,在 142 个硬粒小麦和面包小麦基因型(共 151 个)中证实了植原体的存在。通过对所有基因的序列分析以及对小麦植原体菌株的 16S rDNA 序列进行硅 RFLP 分析,确定它们属于水稻黄矮病群 (16SrXI-B) 和百慕大草白叶病群 (16SrXIV-A)。在麦田及其周围生长的两个有症状的杂草物种(Parthenium hysterophorus 和 Cleome gynandra)对 16SrXI-B 支原体亚群检测呈阳性,四个杂草物种(Cynodon dactylon、Digitaria sanguinalis、Euphorbia hirta 和 Rhynchosia minima)对 16SrXIV-A 支原体亚群检测呈阳性。此外,还分析了从有症状麦田中鉴定出的六个跳虫种类,以确定是否存在植原体。在巢式 PCR 检测中,三个跳虫物种(即 Sogatella furcifera、Balclutha rubrostriata 和 Exitianus indicus)的 16SrXIV 组植原体检测呈阳性,而 Sogatella kolophon、Cofana unimaculata 和 Maiestas sp.的 16SrXI 组植原体检测呈阳性。传播测定显示,S. furcifera 和 B. rubrostriata 成功地将 16SrXIV-A 株系从受感染的小麦传播到健康的小麦植株上;然而,C. unimaculata 能够在玻璃温室条件下将 16SrXI-B 亚群从受感染的小麦传播到健康的小麦植株上。在不同年份的小麦基因型上,植原体相关病害的发生率存在差异,而且还发现与温度、湿度和跳虫数量呈正相关。从小麦、杂草和跳虫中鉴定出类似的植原体菌株(16SrXI 和 16SrXIV 组),表明这些菌株有传播到小麦基因型和其他农作物的潜在风险,这需要进一步的流行病学调查:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s13205-024-04114-3。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative genomics of zoonotic pathogen Clostridioides difficile of animal origin to understand its diversity. 人畜共患病病原体艰难梭菌的比较基因组学,以了解其多样性。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04102-7
Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Subbaiyan Anbazhagan, Murugaiyan Latha Mala Priyadharshini, Rajeev Kumar Sharma, Seeralan Manoharan

Clostridioides difficile, a zoonotic pathogen causing enteric diseases in different animals and humans. A comprehensive study on the presence of toxin genes and antimicrobial resistance genes based on genome data of C. difficile in animals is scanty. In the present study, a total of 15 C. difficile isolates were recovered from dogs and isolates with toxin genes (D1, CD15 and CD26) along with two other non-toxigenic strains (CD28, CD32) were used for whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics. Sequence type-based clustering was noted in the whole genome phylogeny with 4 known multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) clades namely I, II, IV, and V and a cryptic clade. ST11 and ST54 were reported for the 2nd time worldwide in dogs. Out of 109 genomes used in the study, 29 genomes were predicted with all four toxin genes (toxA, toxB, cdtA, cdtB) while 22 did not have any of the toxin genes. ST11 of MLST clade V had the maximum number of 46 genomes predicted with at least one toxin gene. Among the genomes sequenced in this study, CD26 had a maximum of 5 AMR genes (aac(6')-aph(2″), ant(6)-Ia, catP, erm(B)_18, and tet(M)_11) and CD15 was predicted with 2 AMR genes (aac(6')-aph(2″), erm(B)_18). Tetracycline resistance genes were predicted most in the ST11 genome. Of the 22 non-toxigenic strains, 9 genomes (ST48 = 5, ST3 = 2, ST109 = 1, ST15 = 1) were predicted with a minimum of one AMR gene. Pangenome analysis indicated that the Bpan value is 0.12 showing that C. difficile has an open pangenome structure. This indicates that the organism can evolve by the addition of new genes. This study reports the circulation of clinically important ST11 and multidrug-resistant non-toxigenic strains among animals.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04102-7.

艰难梭菌(Clostridioides difficile)是一种人畜共患病原,可导致不同动物和人类患上肠道疾病。根据艰难梭菌基因组数据对动物体内存在的毒素基因和抗菌药耐药性基因进行的全面研究还很少。在本研究中,从狗身上共分离出 15 株艰难梭菌,并将带有毒素基因(D1、CD15 和 CD26)的分离株与另外两株非致毒菌株(CD28 和 CD32)一起用于全基因组测序和比较基因组学研究。在全基因组系统发育中发现了基于序列类型的聚类,有 4 个已知的多焦点序列分型(MLST)支系,即 I、II、IV 和 V 支系以及一个隐性支系。ST11和ST54是全球范围内第二次在狗身上发现。在研究中使用的 109 个基因组中,29 个基因组被预测具有全部四个毒素基因(toxA、toxB、cttA、cttB),而 22 个基因组没有任何毒素基因。MLST 第 V 支系的 ST11 基因组最多,有 46 个基因组被预测含有至少一个毒素基因。在本研究测序的基因组中,CD26 最多有 5 个 AMR 基因(aac(6')-aph(2″)、ant(6)-Ia、catP、erm(B)_18 和 tet(M)_11),CD15 被预测有 2 个 AMR 基因(aac(6')-aph(2″)、erm(B)_18)。四环素抗性基因在 ST11 基因组中被预测得最多。在 22 个非致毒菌株中,有 9 个基因组(ST48 = 5、ST3 = 2、ST109 = 1、ST15 = 1)至少含有一个 AMR 基因。泛基因组分析表明,Bpan 值为 0.12,表明艰难梭菌具有开放的泛基因组结构。这表明该生物可通过增加新基因而进化。本研究报告了临床上重要的 ST11 菌株和耐多药的非致毒菌株在动物中的流通情况:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s13205-024-04102-7。
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引用次数: 0
In vitro and in vivo study of the antagonistic effects of a Trichoderma strain against four isolates of Fusarium that are pathogenic to chickpea. 一种毛霉菌株对四种鹰嘴豆致病镰刀菌分离株的体外和体内拮抗作用研究。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04112-5
Manal Adnani, Naila El Hazzat, Moulay Abdelaziz El Alaoui, Karima Selmaoui, Rachid Benkirane, Amina Ouazzani Touhami, Allal Douira

This study investigated the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum against chickpea Fusarium wilt through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The dual culture test showed that Trichoderma had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested Fusarium isolates, with an inhibition rate ranging from 71.33% to 80.66%. The volatile and non-volatile metabolites produced by Trichoderma also showed antagonistic effects, with a growth inhibition rate ranging from 47.33% to 51.33% and a colonization rate ranging from 60% to 67%. In vivo experiments demonstrated that treating chickpea seeds with Trichoderma asperellum 48 h after inoculation with Fusarium significantly enhanced chickpea growth compared to seeds inoculated with Fusarium alone. Arial part length enhancement ranged between 69.3% and 92,19% while root length increased by 61,9% and 127%, this implied a significant improvement in biomass. These findings highlight Trichoderma's potential in controlling chickpea Fusarium wilt and enhancing plant growth, making it an environmentally friendly method in sustainable agriculture and crop protection.

本研究通过体外和体内实验研究了毛霉菌(Trichoderma asperellum)对鹰嘴豆镰刀菌枯萎病的拮抗活性。双重培养试验表明,毛霉对受试镰刀菌分离株的生长有显著的抑制作用,抑制率在 71.33% 至 80.66% 之间。毛霉产生的挥发性和非挥发性代谢物也显示出拮抗作用,生长抑制率为 47.33% 至 51.33%,定殖率为 60% 至 67%。体内实验表明,与单独接种镰刀菌的鹰嘴豆种子相比,在接种镰刀菌 48 小时后用赤霉菌处理鹰嘴豆种子可显著提高鹰嘴豆的生长。花茎长度增加了 69.3% 到 92.19%,根长增加了 61.9% 到 127%,这意味着生物量有了显著提高。这些发现凸显了毛霉菌在控制鹰嘴豆镰刀菌枯萎病和促进植物生长方面的潜力,使其成为可持续农业和作物保护方面的一种环境友好型方法。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of irrigation on the survival of Clostridium sporogenes in the phyllosphere and soil environments of lettuce. 灌溉对莴苣叶球和土壤环境中孢子梭菌存活的影响。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04069-5
Johannes Cornelius Jacobus Fourie, Deidre Van Wyk, Cornelius Carlos Bezuidenhout, Charlotte Mienie, Rasheed Adeleke

This study aimed to address the gap in knowledge regarding the fate of foodborne pathogens within agro-ecosystems. It specifically focused on the surrogate microorganism Clostridium sporogenes, which was introduced into lettuce-producing environments via surface and spray irrigation methods, respectively. The concentration of C. sporogenes in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and non-rhizosphere soil was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) over a 42-day trial. The surface irrigation method exhibited a more noticeable contamination effect on the soil environments, compared to the phyllosphere. The results indicated a noticeable increase in C. sporogenes concentrations during the initial 22 days, with a 10.4-fold rise (0.39-4.05 log copy numbers/g soil) in the rhizosphere and 1.9-fold increase (2.97-5.59 log copy numbers/g soil) in the non-rhizosphere. However, concentrations in both soil environments subsequently decreased, falling below the initial inoculum concentration by the end of the trial. In contrast, the spray irrigation method resulted in most of the contamination being localised on the lettuce phyllosphere, with a high C. sporogenes concentration of 9.09 log copy numbers/g leaves on day 0. This concentration exponentially decreased to a minimal 0.019 log copy numbers/g leaves by day 32. Although concentrations in both soil environments decreased over time, trace concentrations of C. sporogenes were detectable at the end of the trial, posing a potential hazard to the microbiological safety of postharvest produce. These findings shed light on the dynamics of C. sporogenes in agro-ecosystems and underscore the importance of irrigation practices that ensure the safety of those who consume fresh produce.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04069-5.

本研究旨在填补农业生态系统中食源性病原体归宿方面的知识空白。研究特别关注代用微生物产气荚膜梭菌,通过地表灌溉和喷灌方法分别将其引入莴苣生产环境。在为期 42 天的试验中,通过定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)对根皮层、叶皮层和非根皮层土壤中孢子梭菌的浓度进行了定量分析。与叶球相比,地表灌溉法对土壤环境的污染效果更明显。结果表明,在最初的 22 天里,孢子菌的浓度明显增加,根瘤层中的浓度增加了 10.4 倍(0.39-4.05 log 拷贝数/g 土壤),非根瘤层中的浓度增加了 1.9 倍(2.97-5.59 log 拷贝数/g 土壤)。不过,两种土壤环境中的浓度随后都有所下降,到试验结束时已低于初始接种浓度。相比之下,喷灌法导致大部分污染集中在莴苣叶球上,第 0 天孢子菌浓度高达 9.09 对数拷贝数/克叶片。到第 32 天,这一浓度以指数形式下降到最低的 0.019 对数拷贝数/克叶片。虽然随着时间的推移,两种土壤环境中的孢子菌浓度都有所下降,但在试验结束时仍能检测到微量的孢子菌,这对收获后农产品的微生物安全构成了潜在的危害。这些发现揭示了孢子丝菌在农业生态系统中的动态变化,强调了灌溉措施的重要性,以确保新鲜农产品的食用安全:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s13205-024-04069-5。
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引用次数: 0
From ice to neurons: investigating the neuroprotective effects of Antarctic microalgae Chlorella variabilis and Chlorella pyrenoidosa extracts. 从冰到神经元:研究南极微藻类小球藻和小球藻萃取物的神经保护作用。
IF 2.6 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04094-4
Benan İnan, Betül Mutlu, Rabia Çakır, Didem Balkanlı

In this study, it was aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extracts of Chlorella variabilis YTU.ANTARCTIC.001 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa OZCIMEN.001 microalgae that were isolated from Antarctica in a H2O2-induced oxidative stress model using SH-SY5Y cell line. In this context, first, Antarctic microalgae were cultivated and characterized. It was determined that C. pyrenoidosa and C. variabilis had specific growth rates of 0.093 and 0.097 day-1, respectively, and doubled their cell concentration in 7 days. With the antioxidant and phenolic content analysis, it was found that 1 mg/mL C. pyrenoidosa and C. variabilis ethanolic extracts had 33-37% radical scavenging activity and 102-107 mg GAE/mg extract phenolic content, respectively. Then, the cytotoxic effects of the microalgae extracts on SH-SY5Y cells were assessed across a concentration range of 6.25-125 µg/mL. The results indicated a concentration-dependent effect on cell viability, with no observed cytotoxicity within the tested range. Notably, the highest neuroprotective activity was recorded with C. variabilis extract at a concentration of 75 µg/mL, which maintained cell viability at 73.7% ± 0.3. These findings showed the significant neuroprotective potential of C. pyrenoidosa and C. variabilis ethanolic extracts, attributed to their substantial antioxidant properties and non-cytotoxic nature at effective concentrations. The promising neuroprotective efficacy of these extracts highlights their potential for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative disease prevention and treatment.

本研究旨在利用 SH-SY5Y 细胞系,在 H2O2 诱导的氧化应激模型中研究从南极洲分离的变种小球藻 YTU.ANTARCTIC.001 和拟小球藻 OZCIMEN.001 的乙醇提取物对神经的保护作用。在此背景下,首先对南极微藻进行了培养和特征描述。结果表明,C. pyrenoidosa 和 C. variabilis 的特定生长率分别为 0.093 和 0.097 day-1,并在 7 天内使其细胞浓度增加一倍。通过对抗氧化剂和酚含量的分析发现,1 mg/mL的焦褐藻和变种褐藻乙醇提取物分别具有33-37%的自由基清除活性和102-107 mg GAE/mg提取物酚含量。然后,在 6.25-125 µg/mL 的浓度范围内评估了微藻提取物对 SH-SY5Y 细胞的细胞毒性作用。结果表明,微藻提取物对细胞活力的影响与浓度有关,在测试范围内未观察到细胞毒性。值得注意的是,变异草提取物的神经保护活性最高,浓度为 75 µg/mL 时,细胞存活率保持在 73.7% ± 0.3。这些研究结果表明,C. pyrenoidosa和C. variabilis乙醇提取物具有明显的神经保护潜力,这要归功于它们在有效浓度下的抗氧化性和无细胞毒性。这些提取物具有良好的神经保护功效,突出了它们在预防和治疗神经退行性疾病方面的治疗应用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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3 Biotech
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