3 Biotech最新文献

Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), the causal agent of yellow mosaic disease in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), causes substantial yield losses. This study used targeted metabolomics to profile isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean cultivars with contrasting responses to MYMIV infection. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-ESI-MS/MS) revealed a significant accumulation of isoflavonoids in the highly resistant genotype SL 1074 following viral inoculation. Overexpressed isoflavonoids were subjected to molecular docking against the MYMIV replication initiator protein (Rep), with acetylglycitin exhibited the strongest binding affinity (- 8.5 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the Rep-acetylglycitin complex over 100 nanoseconds demonstrated conformational stability, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) and fluctuation (RMSF) analyses indicating minimal structural deviation. Persistent hydrogen bonding with key catalytic residues (TYR239, CYS241, HIS243, ASP245, ARG232) was observed throughout the simulation. These finding indicates that resistance-associated isoflavonoids, particularly acetylglycitin, may function as naturally occurring inhibitors of MYMIV replication. This study highlights the role of host-derived secondary metabolites in soybean defense against MYMIV and demonstrates the utility of metabolomics-integrated in silico approaches for identifying phytochemical-based strategies to manage viral diseases in crops.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04596-9.

This study aimed to determine the most effective plant part and extraction solvent using in vitro assays and to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of the most potent extract in an alloxan-induced mouse model. Polyphenolic contents (phenolics and flavonoids) were quantified, and antioxidant capacity was analyzed using DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating assays. In vitro antidiabetic potential was evaluated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Among the samples, methanolic leaf extract (AMLE) exhibited the highest phenolic content, along with strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, while ethanolic leaf extract (AELE) showed the highest flavonoid content. Considering the superior in vitro performance, AMLE was subjected to in vivo evaluation. The extract was administered to diabetic mice at doses of 75-300 mg/kg for three weeks, and at the end of the experiment, blood glucose levels, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, VLDL), and liver function markers (SGPT, SGOT) were measured. All tested doses markedly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to the diabetic control, with the 300 mg/kg dose producing the greatest reduction (51.37%) and efficacy comparable to glibenclamide (~ 0.94-fold). Furthermore, notable improvements were also observed in biochemical parameters, including lipid profiles and liver enzyme activities (p < 0.001). These results indicate that AMLE effectively reduced hyperglycemia and its associated parameters in alloxan-induced mice and demonstrated preliminary antidiabetic potential. However, further studies are required to validate these effects in other diabetic models.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04588-9.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria from inner plant tissues have huge potential for enhancing crop growth, yield, and stress resistance. However, limited information is available on cultivable endophytic bacteria from the bulbs, fibrous roots, and buds of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (a medicinal plant), and their plant growth-promoting abilities. This study provides the first report on culturable endophytic bacterial diversity in Fritillaria thunbergii tissues. A total of 70 bacterial isolates were obtained, categorized into 13 genera, with Bacillus, Priestia, Cytobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Microbacterium being the most species-rich. The isolates were assessed for plant growth-promotion traits, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production. Besides, some isolates (18.57%) showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. Agar plate experiments revealed that inoculation with Bacillus subtilis strain ZY50 significantly increased the primary root length of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis (pak choi) (P < 0.05), while Priestia megaterium strain ZY9, Pseudomonas nitroreducens strain ZL10, and Bacillus sp. strain ZY5 did not significantly affect root and stem length. Notably, some strains had inhibitory effects on certain growth parameters. This study highlights the potential of endophytic bacteria from F. thunbergii in promoting plant nutrient uptake, enhancing biometric parameters, and providing biocontrol to reduce chemical inputs in conventional agriculture, suggesting their use as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04602-0.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were biosynthesized via a green co-precipitation method using aqueous extract of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus, yielding particles with an average diameter of 14.65 ± 5.7 nm, as confirmed by TEM analysis. XRD revealed a pure crystalline phase with peaks at 2θ = 21.7°, 35.1°, 42.3°, 52.9°, 61.7°, and 69.3°, while SEM-EDS indicated a spherical morphology with 32.62% Fe and 34.97% O composition. DLS demonstrated a uniform distribution, and the zeta potential indicated stability. The IONPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, with an MIC of 1.56 µg/mL and an MBC of 6.25 µg/mL, resulting in inhibition zones of 3.4 mm (6.25 µg/mL) and 6.8 mm (12.5 µg/mL). However, they showed no activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Antifungal assays revealed significant inhibition of Fusarium sp. growth on Czapek-Dox agar after 4 days at 28 °C. In hydroponic plant growth studies, 20 mg/L IONPs enhanced Arachis hypogaea biomass by 20% (plant length), 15% (primary root length), and 25% (chlorophyll content), and Brassica juncea by 18% (primary root length), 22% (chlorophyll content), and 28% (fresh weight) over 14 days. Anti-hemolysis assays on human RBCs showed concentration-dependent protection with an IC50 of 600 µg/mL (hemolysis 14.37-37.6% at 600-1400 µg/mL). Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye (10 - 5 M) achieved 99.57% efficiency in 60 min under sunlight (6.08 kWh m-2 intensity), following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.065 min⁻¹, R² = 0.997), with hydroxyl radicals identified as the primary reactive species via scavenging experiments (efficiency drop to 32.17% with IPA). Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis confirmed mineralization, as evidenced by a reduction in carbon content over time. This circular economy, also known as the waste-to-wealth approach, transforms invasive P. hysterophorus waste into IONPs for antimicrobial, agricultural, biomedical, and wastewater remediation applications.

The present study investigates the phytochemical composition and pharmacological potential of the ethanolic fruit extract of Tribulus terrestris, emphasizing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, sterols, and fatty acids, indicating a rich bioactive profile. GC-MS analysis identified 17 compounds, with Beta-Sitosterol, Diosgenin, Kaempferol and Quercetin as major constituents. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed absorbance peaks characteristic of flavonoids and chlorophyll derivatives, while FTIR analysis indicated functional groups including hydroxyls, carbonyls, and aliphatic chains, confirming complex phytoconstituent diversity. Biological activity assays revealed antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS and H₂O₂ scavenging methods, along with dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects via albumin denaturation inhibition and heat-induced membrane stabilization. The extract also demonstrated significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, supporting its antidiabetic potential. Cytotoxicity testing on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed a concentration-dependent reduction in viability (IC50 = 150 µg/ml), with minimal toxicity observed in normal cells. Apoptotic effects were confirmed through morphological staining and gene expression analysis, showing upregulation of apoptotic markers (Caspase 3, Cytochrome c) and downregulation of cancer-associated genes (AKT, TNF-α, IL-6). Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses highlighted interactions between key bio actives and cancer-relevant targets such as AKT, TNF-α, and Caspase 3, revealing potential synergistic mechanisms in breast cancer inhibition. These findings support the therapeutic relevance of Tribulus terrestris as a multi-targeted phytomedicine, warranting further investigation into its clinical applications.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04587-w.

Plant viral infections are a major concern in worldwide agriculture, resulting in considerable economic losses and jeopardizing food security. Conventional management measures, such as chemical vector control and resistance breeding, frequently fail due to changing virus strains and environmental issues. This review synthesizes recent advances in nanoparticle-based approaches for managing plant viral diseases, emphasizing mechanistic action, application strategies, and regulatory challenges. Four major antiviral mechanisms were identified: direct viral inactivation, inhibition of vector transmission, induction of systemic resistance, and nanocarrier-mediated RNAi or CRISPR delivery. Silver and gold nanoparticles exhibited strong virucidal activity, while silica and zinc nanoparticles primarily enhanced systemic acquired resistance through salicylic acid signaling. Green synthesis methods improved nanoparticle stability, biocompatibility, and environmental safety compared to conventional chemical synthesis. Integration of nanoparticles within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks enhanced virus detection, vector suppression, and targeted delivery, minimizing reliance on agrochemicals. However, field-scale deployment remains limited by production cost, stability, and lack of harmonized regulatory guidelines across regions such as the EU, US, and India. Overall, this review provides a mechanistic and translational framework for developing sustainable, field-ready nanoparticle technologies for effective plant viral disease management.

Due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, the number of infectious and non-infectious diseases affecting humans has been rising. Many illnesses are in the forefront of research and development such as neoplasms of different forms, chronic conditions related to inflammation and lifestyle (e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and infectious diseases that are difficult to treat (e.g., due to drug resistance). Due to current challenges in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and health conditions, the field of nanotechnology has witnessed numerous advancements. In particular, metal-based, porous nanomaterials and metallo-drugs have gained attention due to their ability to be used for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications. These systems exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, with amenable functionalization and varying optical, scattering and electronic properties, enabling for both imaging and therapy of diseases (i.e., theranostics), involving techniques such as photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiotherapy. This review discusses the important aspects of metal nanoparticles, porous-based materials and metallo-drugs for biomedical applications, exploring their physical and chemical characteristics, cellular/molecular processes and biopotencies that make them effective in treating a variety of illnesses or diseases.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Helicobacter pylori poses a significant global health threat, contributing to gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. With conventional antibiotics showing limited efficacy, phytochemicals are increasingly recognized as natural bioactive compounds offering antimicrobial potential with favorable safety profiles. In this study, phytochemicals from Citrus limon seeds and Delphinium denudatum roots were investigated as inhibitors of essential H. pylori enzymes. A combination of subtractive proteomics and rigorous literature mining identified three essential, non-homologous, and therapeutically relevant proteins-UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC), 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase (DapA), and aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Asd)-as high-priority targets for intervention. Crude plant extracts exhibited notable in vitro antibacterial activity against H. pylori. High-throughput virtual screening prioritized Limonin and Panicutine as lead phytochemicals, and subsequent pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness evaluation confirmed their oral bioavailability, non-toxicity, and compliance with standard drug-likeness criteria. Molecular dynamics (100 ns) simulations demonstrated stable ligand-protein complexes, with RMSD and RMSF analyses indicating structural stability and reduced flexibility upon binding. Hydrogen bond analysis revealed persistent interactions, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that ligand-bound complexes maintained conformational stability compared to free proteins. Importantly, MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations yielded highly favorable values, confirming strong and stable interactions between the phytochemicals and the target proteins. Collectively, these integrated in vitro and in silico findings underscore the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals as natural inhibitors of H. pylori targets. Limonin and Panicutine emerge as promising candidates against MDR H. pylori, supporting alternative treatment strategies.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04583-0.

Isolation and evaluation of phytostimulatory properties of bacterial endophytes were performed from Rhododendron griffithianum Wight from Himalayan region of Darjeeling, India. Two potent endophytes were identified as Kocuria rhizophila RGDS06 and Pantoea vagans RGDS02 by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was purified and confirmed by HPLC from two potent IAA producers RGDS06 and RGDS02. K. rhizophila RGDS06 (224.41 ± 1.11 µg/mL) and P. vagans RGDS02 (202.4 ± 1.24 µg/mL) were highest IAA producers. Genes involved in key regulatory steps of the IAA biosynthetic pathway, such as the nit gene from K. rhizophila RGDS06 and the ipdC gene from P. vagans RGDS02, were amplified using End-Point PCR method. Two endophytes aided in the growth of Oryza sativa var. Shatabdi and Vigna radiata var. Virat. Physiological parameters like root and shoot length, as well as fresh and dry weight, of both monocot and dicot seedlings increased in the presence of K. rhizophila RGDS06 and P. vagans RGDS02. Chlorophyll content was also enhanced in endophyte-treated seedlings compared to control seedlings. RT-PCR revealed upregulated expression of OsPIN1a, OsPIN1b, OsPIN1c, and OsARF1 in bioprimed O. sativa, and VrPIN1, VrARF genes in V. radiata roots, compared to control seedlings. The growth of tested fungal phytopathogens Pestalotiopsis species and Phytophthora species was suppressed by K. rhizophila RGDS06. But, P. vagans RGDS02 showed antagonistic effect only against Pestalotiopsis species. The mycelial distortion of tested pathogens was studied by FESEM. This study demonstrates the potential of these bacterial endophytes as bioinoculants and biocontrol agents.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04585-y.

Silymarin has proven antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects, but no study to date has investigated the potential protective effect on deltamethrin-induced hepatopancreas injury in Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis. This study investigated the protective effect of silymarin pretreatment on deltamethrin-induced hepatopancreas injury in E.sinensis. Healthy crabs (n = 150) were randomly divided into five experimental groups: the control, a deltamethrin exposure group (Basal feed without silymarin), and three silymarin groups (addition of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg diet to the basal feed). After 6 weeks of feeding (no deltamethrin exposure), the crabs were exposed to a deltamethrin concentration of 4.317 μg/L for 48 h. Histopathological results showed that the hepatopancreas remained relatively intact in the silymarin pretreatment groups. Furthermore, metabolites annotated by LC-MS were mainly enriched in signaling pathways related to cytochrome P450, terpenoid alkaloid biosynthesis and phospholipid metabolism. Silymarin at 0.1, 1.0 and/or 0.5 g/kg were significantly increased AKP, ACP, GSH activities and T-AOC levels, and significantly decreased AST, ALT, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, TC, MDA, CYP3A and CYP2E1 levels (P < 0.05). Silymarin at the concentation of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg could significantly up-regulated the expressions of immune-related genes (propo, alf3, crustin1, hsp70, hsp90, relish), anti-apoptotic gene (bcl-2), and significantly down-regulated the lipid metabolism-related genes (cpt1, srebp, acc) and apoptosis-related genes (caspase3, caspase8, p53, cyt-c) (P < 0.05). Silymarin at 0.5 and/or 1.0 g/kg significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes (tnf-α, il-16) and drug metabolism-related genes (cyp2a, cyp2e1, cyp3a) (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate a good protective effect of 1.0 g/kg silymarin on deltamethrin-induced hepatopancreas injury induced by deltamethrin in a crustacean species.