3 Biotech最新文献

This study investigates the synthesis and radiolabeling of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) with the radioisotope technetium-99 m (^99mTc) using a solvothermal method in methanol. The methanolic medium facilitated the formation of nanoparticles with favorable characteristics, including a smaller particle size (198 ± 9.8 nm) and a low polydispersity index (PDI = 0.219 ± 0.011). Radiolabeling efficiency (RE%) and radiochemical purity (RCP%) were optimized by employing SnCl₂ as a reducing agent, resulting in an RE% of 95.2 ± 1.9% and an RCP% of 96.1 ± 1.7% in triplicate (n = 3) at 65 °C. The nanoparticles exhibited high serum stability, retaining 99.05% of RCP% after 24 h, and demonstrated hemocompatibility, with hemolysis rates below 5% across all tested concentrations. In vitro biocompatibility assessments using NIH-3T3 cells indicated cell viability above 70% at concentrations up to 40 μg/mL. Biodistribution studies in rabbits (n = 6) revealed predominant accumulation in the bladder, with radiotracer uptake in the bladder being 6.3, 7.2, and 36.2 times higher than in the liver, kidneys, and heart (p < 0.0001), respectively, suggesting renal clearance. These results underscore the potential of ^99mTc-(ZIF-8) nanoparticles for biomedical applications, particularly in targeted imaging and drug delivery. Future research will focus on improving targeting specificity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy in disease models.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04145-w.

This study presents the cases of two women who developed severe permanent hypoparathyroidism after neck surgery for papillary thyroid cancer and underwent parathyroid allotransplantation. Despite taking high doses of calcium and calcitriol supplements, the patients experienced persistent hypocalcemic symptoms. Fresh parathyroid tissue was removed and prepared from two patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to end-stage kidney disease and was implanted in the non-dominant forearm of the recipients. Donors and recipients were ABO-compatible, and immunological screening was performed only in Case 2 (HLA typing, panel reactive antibody, and crossmatch tests). A short-term immunosuppressive regimen was adopted, consisting of 3 days of methylprednisolone followed by 7 days of prednisone. In Case 1, oral supplementation decreased to half of the initial dose 1 month after transplantation and to one-fifth at the end of a 12-month follow-up period. In Case 2, intravenous calcium was discontinued 1-week post-transplantation, with no need for its use during the 12-month follow-up period. Serum parathyroid hormone levels did not increase and remained undetectable in both cases. In contrast, serum calcium levels increased significantly, and both patients experienced relief from hypocalcemic symptoms. Parathyroid allotransplantation can be an effective and safe treatment for PH and should be considered in severe cases. Nevertheless, formal recommendations depend on additional studies and validated protocols.

Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline, affects millions worldwide. The presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is the key pathological feature, leading to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Current treatment options include pharmacological approaches such as cholinesterase inhibitors, as well as non-pharmacological strategies like cognitive training and lifestyle modifications. Recently, the potential role of probiotics, particularly strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, in managing neurodegenerative diseases through the gut-brain axis has garnered significant attention. Probiotics can modulate inflammation, produce neurotransmitters, and support neuronal health, potentially slowing disease progression and alleviating symptoms, such as stress and anxiety. Optimizing the pharmacotherapeutic effects of probiotics is critical and involves advanced formulation techniques, such as microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation. Microencapsulation employs natural or synthetic polymers to protect probiotic cells, enhancing their viability and stability against environmental stressors. Methods like extrusion, emulsion, and spray-drying are used to create microcapsules suited for various applications. Nanoencapsulation, on the other hand, operates at the nanoscale, utilizing polymeric or lipid-based nanoparticles to improve the bioavailability and shelf life of probiotics. Techniques, such as nanoprecipitation and emulsification, are employed to ensure stable nanocapsule formation, thereby augmenting the therapeutic potential of probiotics as nutraceutical agents. This study delves into the essential formulation aspects of microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation for beneficial probiotic strains, aimed at managing Alzheimer's disease by optimizing the gut-brain axis. The insights gained from these advanced techniques promise to enhance probiotic delivery efficacy, potentially leading to improved health outcomes for patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders.

Paspalum is a vital forage and turf grass in tropical and subtropical regions, yet its breeding programs face challenges due to the lack of natural flowering synchronization between some parent species. Pollen cryopreservation offers a potential solution to this issue. This study aimed to adapt a cryopreservation protocol for the pollen of P. atratum, P. malacophyllum, and P. regnellii, and to evaluate the viability of cryopreserved pollen grains (CPG) for hybridization purposes. Two dehydrating agents (LiCl and silica gel) were tested for different durations (30, 60, and 120 min) alongside a non-dehydration treatment. The effectiveness of cryopreservation was assessed over multiple time points (1, 10, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days) with freshly harvested grains as controls. Pollen viability was determined using 0.25% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Viability of CPG ranged from 40.67 to 80.67% across treatments. Optimal dehydration involved LiCl for 30 min and silica gel for 120 min, achieving an average viability of 66% after 12 months, comparable to fresh pollen. In vivo germination tests confirmed successful pollen tube germination with the combinations P. urvillei × P. malacophyllum; P. urvillei × P. regnellii and hybrid (P. plicatulum 4PT × P. guenoarum cv. Azulão) × P. atratum, although pollen tubes did not reach the micropyle in some crosses. This study established effective pollen cryopreservation protocols for P. atratum and P. malacophyllum, facilitating in vivo germination and enhancing the potential for hybridization in Paspalum breeding programs, thereby addressing flowering asynchrony and broadening crossing opportunities within the genus.

Drought is a serious problem that impacts sugarcane production and productivity worldwide. In this current investigation, a codon-optimized choline oxidase (codA) gene was transformed into Saccharum hybrid cultivar Co 86032 through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic events with the codA gene driven by the portubi882 (PD2) promoter accumulated elevated levels of glycine betaine (5 - 10µg/g) whereas untransformed control plants accumulated less than 1.5µg/g which in turn maintained the plant health by sustaining transpiration rate (4 - 5 µmol of H₂O/cm²/s) and photosynthetic efficiency (30 - 34 µmol/Co₂/s) whereas the control plants suffered from 50% reduction under water-deficit stress condition. Morpho-anatomic cross-sections of both transgenic events and control plants exhibited significant differences in the epidermal layer and sclerenchyma cells under stress conditions. The relative water content (71 - 76%) and chlorophyll fluorescence (0.60 - 0.72 Fv/Fm) were higher in transgenic events compared to control plants respectively recorded 59% and 0.50 respectively. In addition, significantly elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (95 - 102 U/g), catalase (65 - 73 umol/min/g), ascorbate peroxidase (1700 - 1900 umol/min/mg) and glutathione reductase (17 - 20 umol/min/mg) were observed in transgenic events along with reduced levels of hydrogen peroxide (14 - 16 µmol/g) and malondialdehyde (14 - 17 nmol/g) content. Transgenic events recorded significantly higher arial biomass content compared to untransformed plant after the drought stress. Overall, the increased expression levels of codA gene in sugarcane events resulted in an enhanced ability to withstand water-deficit conditions.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04151-y.

This study investigates the ability to predict DNA methylation patterns in cervical cancer cells using decision-tree-based ensemble approaches and neural network-based models. The research findings suggest that a model based on random forest achieves a significant prediction accuracy of 91.35%. This projection was derived from comprehensive experimentation and a meticulous performance evaluation of the random forest model, employing a range of measures including Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Matthews Correlation Coefficient, F1-score, Recall, and Precision. The results indicate that the random forest model exhibits superior performance compared to other tree-based models such as the Simple Decision Tree and XGBoost, as well as neural network-based models including Convolutional Neural Networks, Feed Forward Networks, and Wavelet Neural Networks. The findings indicate that using random forest-based techniques has great potential for future study and might be highly valuable in clinical applications, especially in improving diagnostic and treatment strategies based on epigenetic profiles.

Mood disorders, including depression, remain a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous efforts to develop novel and more effective antidepressant therapies. Although there have been significant advancements in comprehending the biology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), a considerable number of people suffering from depression do not exhibit positive responses to the pharmacologic treatments now available. This study specifically examines emerging targets and potential future approaches for pharmaceutical interventions in the treatment of MDD. The discussion revolves around novel therapeutic agents and their effectiveness in treating depression. The focus is on the specific pathophysiological pathways targeted by these agents and the amount of evidence supporting their use. While conventional antidepressants are anticipated to continue being the primary treatment for MDD in the foreseeable future, there is currently extensive research being conducted on numerous new compounds to determine their effectiveness in treating MDD. Many of these compounds have shown encouraging results. This review highlighted the recent advances in the synthesis of antidepressant derivatives and explores their pharmacologic insights for the treatment of mood disorders.

Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier that can be used as fuel for fuel cells. Dark fermentative biohydrogen production with other waste biomass needs to be explored as an alternative for sustainable biohydrogen production in future. In this study, lab-scale bioreactor were carried out to produce biohydrogen from co-substrates using bacterial consortium at 37 ℃. For the experimental setup, a 1-L-working-volume reactor was used for biohydrogen production by bacterial monocultures and consortium on co-substrates. A batch experiment was performed at 37 °C with an initial pH of 7.0 and a mixing ratio of 600:300 between dairy whey and sugarcane bagasse. Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), and hydrogen production rate (HPR) were determined from co-substrates during the dark fermentation process. Morphologic changes of biohydrogen producing bacteria binds on co-substrates after the fermentation process were determined using SEM imaging. The bacteria can degrade the substrate when they attach to it causing hole formation and cracked the surface area. The level of biohydrogen production by bacterial consortium was observed and the results revealed a hydrogen production rate of 35.9 mL H₂/L/h. In fermentative H₂ production, it is quite similar to that of most H₂-producing bacteria previously studied, especially that of the bacterial consortium, and this indicates that the attempt to find an outstanding bacterial strain for fermentative H₂ production might be very difficult if not impossible.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03659-z.].

Although combination therapy is known for its high efficacy, reduced side effects and drug resistance, toxicity remains a major drawback. Some of the genes are likely to induce hepatotoxicity through ROS-mediated mechanisms when a drug is metabolized alone or in combination in the liver. To address this, we have developed a scientific approach to predict the toxicity of different genotoxin combinations and validate their interactions with various targets. The current study is an extensive study of our previous set of in vivo rat liver microarray data processed using R studio for their functional analysis. About five combinations of genotoxins such as CPT/ETP, CPT/CPL, ETP/CPL, CP/CPT and EES/CP along with their differential gene expression targeting Chemical carcinogenesis-ROS are chosen for this study. We aim to examine the binding affinity of different genotoxin combinations using in silico multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and are then bio-evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2) with the MTT assay. As a result, dose-response cytotoxicity with its strength of interactions and a significant variance in ROS levels in the treated cells is observed compared to their IC₅₀ values. Out of 5 combinations such as CPT/CPL, ETP/CPL and EES/CP are found not only to be significantly cytotoxic but also induce oxidative stress specifically above their IC₅₀ values with good and moderate binding interactions ensuring their toxicity. On the contrary, the safe combinations are found to be CTP/ETP and CP/CPT possibly with no and tolerable adverse effects standing as preliminary information for researchers in drug design and development.