In this study, it was aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extracts of Chlorella variabilis YTU.ANTARCTIC.001 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa OZCIMEN.001 microalgae that were isolated from Antarctica in a H2O2-induced oxidative stress model using SH-SY5Y cell line. In this context, first, Antarctic microalgae were cultivated and characterized. It was determined that C. pyrenoidosa and C. variabilis had specific growth rates of 0.093 and 0.097 day-1, respectively, and doubled their cell concentration in 7 days. With the antioxidant and phenolic content analysis, it was found that 1 mg/mL C. pyrenoidosa and C. variabilis ethanolic extracts had 33-37% radical scavenging activity and 102-107 mg GAE/mg extract phenolic content, respectively. Then, the cytotoxic effects of the microalgae extracts on SH-SY5Y cells were assessed across a concentration range of 6.25-125 µg/mL. The results indicated a concentration-dependent effect on cell viability, with no observed cytotoxicity within the tested range. Notably, the highest neuroprotective activity was recorded with C. variabilis extract at a concentration of 75 µg/mL, which maintained cell viability at 73.7% ± 0.3. These findings showed the significant neuroprotective potential of C. pyrenoidosa and C. variabilis ethanolic extracts, attributed to their substantial antioxidant properties and non-cytotoxic nature at effective concentrations. The promising neuroprotective efficacy of these extracts highlights their potential for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative disease prevention and treatment.
{"title":"From ice to neurons: investigating the neuroprotective effects of Antarctic microalgae <i>Chlorella variabilis</i> and <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> extracts.","authors":"Benan İnan, Betül Mutlu, Rabia Çakır, Didem Balkanlı","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04094-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04094-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, it was aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extracts of <i>Chlorella variabilis</i> YTU.ANTARCTIC.001 and <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> OZCIMEN.001 microalgae that were isolated from Antarctica in a H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress model using SH-SY5Y cell line. In this context, first, Antarctic microalgae were cultivated and characterized. It was determined that <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> and <i>C. variabilis</i> had specific growth rates of 0.093 and 0.097 day<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, and doubled their cell concentration in 7 days. With the antioxidant and phenolic content analysis, it was found that 1 mg/mL <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> and <i>C. variabilis</i> ethanolic extracts had 33-37% radical scavenging activity and 102-107 mg GAE/mg extract phenolic content, respectively. Then, the cytotoxic effects of the microalgae extracts on SH-SY5Y cells were assessed across a concentration range of 6.25-125 µg/mL. The results indicated a concentration-dependent effect on cell viability, with no observed cytotoxicity within the tested range. Notably, the highest neuroprotective activity was recorded with <i>C. variabilis</i> extract at a concentration of 75 µg/mL, which maintained cell viability at 73.7% ± 0.3. These findings showed the significant neuroprotective potential of <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> and <i>C. variabilis</i> ethanolic extracts, attributed to their substantial antioxidant properties and non-cytotoxic nature at effective concentrations. The promising neuroprotective efficacy of these extracts highlights their potential for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative disease prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04066-8
Siddhartha Pal, Arpita Hait, Sunanda Mandal, Ajoy Roy, Pinaki Sar, Sufia K Kazy
Crude oil contamination has been widely recognized as a major environmental issue due to its various adverse effects. The use of inhabitant microorganisms (native to the contaminated sites) to detoxify/remove pollutants owing to their diverse metabolic capabilities is an evolving method for the removal/degradation of petroleum industry contaminants. The present study deals with the exploitation of native resident bacteria from crude oil contaminated site (oil exploration field) for bioremediation procedures. Fifteen (out of forty-four) bioremediation-relevant aerobic bacterial strains, belonging to the genera of Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Rhizobium, Burkholderia, and Franconibacter, isolated from crude oil containing sludge, have been selected for the present bioremediation study. Crude oil bioremediation performance of the selected bacterial consortium was assessed using microcosm-based studies. Stimulation of the microbial consortium with nitrogen or phosphorous led to the degradation of 60-70% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in 0.25% and 0.5% crude oil experimental sets. CO2 evolution, indicative of crude oil mineralization, was evident with the highest evolution being 28.6 mg mL-1. Ecotoxicity of treated crude oil-containing media was assessed using plant seed germination assay, in which most of the 0.25% and 0.5% treated crude oil sets gave positive results thereby suggesting a reduction in crude oil toxicity.
{"title":"Crude oil degrading efficiency of formulated consortium of bacterial strains isolated from petroleum-contaminated sludge.","authors":"Siddhartha Pal, Arpita Hait, Sunanda Mandal, Ajoy Roy, Pinaki Sar, Sufia K Kazy","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04066-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04066-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crude oil contamination has been widely recognized as a major environmental issue due to its various adverse effects. The use of inhabitant microorganisms (native to the contaminated sites) to detoxify/remove pollutants owing to their diverse metabolic capabilities is an evolving method for the removal/degradation of petroleum industry contaminants. The present study deals with the exploitation of native resident bacteria from crude oil contaminated site (oil exploration field) for bioremediation procedures. Fifteen (out of forty-four) bioremediation-relevant aerobic bacterial strains, belonging to the genera of <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Paenibacillus</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i>, <i>Burkholderia,</i> and <i>Franconibacter,</i> isolated from crude oil containing sludge, have been selected for the present bioremediation study. Crude oil bioremediation performance of the selected bacterial consortium was assessed using microcosm-based studies. Stimulation of the microbial consortium with nitrogen or phosphorous led to the degradation of 60-70% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in 0.25% and 0.5% crude oil experimental sets. CO<sub>2</sub> evolution, indicative of crude oil mineralization, was evident with the highest evolution being 28.6 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>. Ecotoxicity of treated crude oil-containing media was assessed using plant seed germination assay, in which most of the 0.25% and 0.5% treated crude oil sets gave positive results thereby suggesting a reduction in crude oil toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04103-6
Mohammed Hawash, Nidal Jaradat, Murad Abualhasan, Jazeel Jadallah, Lama Fashafsheh, Salsabeela Zaid, Naim Qamhia, Mohammad Qneibi, Mohammed T Qaoud, Ozden Tari, Matthew Merski, Ahmet S Boşnak, Ahmed Mousa, Linda Issa, Ahmad M Eid
We investigated the hypoglycemic activity and pharmacokinetic study of two synthesized benzoyl benzodioxol derivatives, compound I (methyl 2-(6-(2-bromobenzoyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetate), and compound II, 2-(6-benzoylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetic acid, which showed very strong α-amylase inhibiting activity in our previous study. Then, diabetes was induced by the injection of streptozotocin to mice. The molecular docking simulations and analyses of density functional theory analyses were conducted to study the binding interactions with human pancreatic alpha-amylase, and their pharmacokinetic properties were further evaluated by ADMET profiling. Compound I showed the most important hypoglycemic effect, decreasing the blood glucose by 32.4%, higher than that of compound II by 14.8% and even the positive control acarbose by 22.9%. Histopathological examination revealed that diabetic livers showed portal inflammation with some apoptotic hepatocytes due to streptozotocin treatment, whereas controls without any treatment maintained normal liver architecture. Molecular docking studies gave results for the best binding affinity of the compound I, through its strong water bridges and π-π interactions, and also through analysis with density functional theory, was more stable and reactive when compared to compound II. Further ADMET analysis showed that both compounds shared a promising pharmacokinetic profile, and compound I had the potential for CNS penetration. Thus, compound I was selected as the best candidate for developing new hypoglycemic agents with potent efficacy, good binding interactions, and excellent pharmacokinetic properties.
我们研究了两种合成的苯甲酰基苯并二恶茂衍生物的降血糖活性和药代动力学研究,化合物 I(2-(6-(2-溴苯甲酰基)苯并[d][1,3]二恶茂-5-基)乙酸甲酯)和化合物 II(2-(6-苯甲酰基苯并[d][1,3]二恶茂-5-基)乙酸)在我们之前的研究中显示出非常强的α-淀粉酶抑制活性。然后,给小鼠注射链脲佐菌素诱发糖尿病。通过分子对接模拟和密度泛函理论分析,研究了这些化合物与人胰腺α-淀粉酶的结合相互作用,并通过 ADMET 分析进一步评估了它们的药代动力学特性。化合物 I 显示出最重要的降糖作用,可使血糖降低 32.4%,高于化合物 II 的 14.8%,甚至高于阳性对照阿卡波糖的 22.9%。组织病理学检查显示,糖尿病患者的肝脏因链脲佐菌素治疗而出现门脉炎症,部分肝细胞凋亡,而未接受任何治疗的对照组肝脏结构保持正常。分子对接研究结果表明,化合物 I 通过其强大的水桥和π-π相互作用具有最佳的结合亲和力,而且通过密度泛函理论分析,与化合物 II 相比,其稳定性和反应性更高。进一步的 ADMET 分析表明,这两种化合物都具有良好的药代动力学特征,而且化合物 I 具有中枢神经系统渗透的潜力。因此,化合物 I 被选为开发新降糖药的最佳候选化合物,它具有强效、良好的结合相互作用和出色的药代动力学特性。
{"title":"Integrative bioinformatic and experimental analysis of benzoylbenzodioxol derivatives: hypoglycemic potential in diabetic mice.","authors":"Mohammed Hawash, Nidal Jaradat, Murad Abualhasan, Jazeel Jadallah, Lama Fashafsheh, Salsabeela Zaid, Naim Qamhia, Mohammad Qneibi, Mohammed T Qaoud, Ozden Tari, Matthew Merski, Ahmet S Boşnak, Ahmed Mousa, Linda Issa, Ahmad M Eid","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04103-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04103-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the hypoglycemic activity and pharmacokinetic study of two synthesized benzoyl benzodioxol derivatives, compound I (methyl 2-(6-(2-bromobenzoyl)benzo[<i>d</i>][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetate), and compound II, 2-(6-benzoylbenzo[<i>d</i>][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetic acid, which showed very strong α-amylase inhibiting activity in our previous study. Then, diabetes was induced by the injection of streptozotocin to mice. The molecular docking simulations and analyses of density functional theory analyses were conducted to study the binding interactions with human pancreatic alpha-amylase, and their pharmacokinetic properties were further evaluated by ADMET profiling. Compound I showed the most important hypoglycemic effect, decreasing the blood glucose by 32.4%, higher than that of compound II by 14.8% and even the positive control acarbose by 22.9%. Histopathological examination revealed that diabetic livers showed portal inflammation with some apoptotic hepatocytes due to streptozotocin treatment, whereas controls without any treatment maintained normal liver architecture. Molecular docking studies gave results for the best binding affinity of the compound I, through its strong water bridges and π-π interactions, and also through analysis with density functional theory, was more stable and reactive when compared to compound II. Further ADMET analysis showed that both compounds shared a promising pharmacokinetic profile, and compound I had the potential for CNS penetration. Thus, compound I was selected as the best candidate for developing new hypoglycemic agents with potent efficacy, good binding interactions, and excellent pharmacokinetic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04090-8
Hüseyin Avci, Sahlan Ozturk, Enver Ersoy Andeden
The effects of four initial culture pH values (3, 4, 5, and 6) and nitrogen limitation on growth, TAG accumulation, lipid production, fatty acid profile, and estimated biodiesel quality of Starmerella magnoliae X3 were investigated. TAG and lipid levels were measured by Nile Red fluorescence and sulfo-phospho-vanilin (SPV) techniques, respectively. The results showed that a combination of nitrogen limitation and acidic pH significantly (p < 0.05) increased TAG accumulation, total lipid contents, and lipid productivity in Starmerella magnoliae X3 compared to the control group. Under nitrogen limitation, the highest TAG accumulation was achieved at initial pHs of 3 and 5 after 72 h of cultivation, and the highest lipid productivity (0.306 g L-1 d-1) was observed after 48 h at pH 3; the major fatty acids at the four pH values were oleic acid (63.6%-64%), palmitoleic acid (11.3%-12.5%), stearic acid (9.7%-11.4%), and palmitic acid (9.4%-10%). In addition, both stresses were associated with lower iodine value and higher cetane number of the biodiesel compared to the control. These findings suggest that cultivation in a low-nitrogen medium at an initial pH of 3 or 5 holds promise in increasing TAG production in Starmerella magnoliae X3.
{"title":"The evaluation of <i>Starmerella magnoliae</i> X3 as a biodiesel feedstock based on triacylglycerol (TAG) production, lipid productivity, and fatty acid profile under nitrogen limitation and acidic pH conditions.","authors":"Hüseyin Avci, Sahlan Ozturk, Enver Ersoy Andeden","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04090-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04090-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of four initial culture pH values (3, 4, 5, and 6) and nitrogen limitation on growth, TAG accumulation, lipid production, fatty acid profile, and estimated biodiesel quality of <i>Starmerella magnoliae</i> X3 were investigated. TAG and lipid levels were measured by Nile Red fluorescence and sulfo-phospho-vanilin (SPV) techniques, respectively. The results showed that a combination of nitrogen limitation and acidic pH significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased TAG accumulation, total lipid contents, and lipid productivity in <i>Starmerella magnoliae</i> X3 compared to the control group. Under nitrogen limitation, the highest TAG accumulation was achieved at initial pHs of 3 and 5 after 72 h of cultivation, and the highest lipid productivity (0.306 g L<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) was observed after 48 h at pH 3; the major fatty acids at the four pH values were oleic acid (63.6%-64%), palmitoleic acid (11.3%-12.5%), stearic acid (9.7%-11.4%), and palmitic acid (9.4%-10%). In addition, both stresses were associated with lower iodine value and higher cetane number of the biodiesel compared to the control. These findings suggest that cultivation in a low-nitrogen medium at an initial pH of 3 or 5 holds promise in increasing TAG production in <i>Starmerella magnoliae</i> X3.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms has created a critical need for alternative treatment options. Phage therapy is gaining attention as an effective way to fight bacterial infections by using lytic bacteriophages to specifically target and kill harmful bacteria. This review discusses several phage therapeutic options and emphasizes new developments in phage biology. Phage treatment has proven to be successful against MDR bacteria, as evidenced by multiple human clinical trials that indicate favorable results in treating a range of diseases caused by these pathogens. Despite these promising results, challenges such as phage resistance, regulatory hurdles, and the need for standardized treatment protocols remain. To effectively combat MDR bacterial infections, future research must focus on enhancing phage effectiveness, guaranteeing safety for human usage and incorporating phage therapy into clinical practice.
{"title":"Phage therapy: A novel approach against multidrug-resistant pathogens.","authors":"Arushi Kapoor, Samriti Balaji Mudaliar, Vyasraj G Bhat, Ishita Chakraborty, Alevoor Srinivas Bharath Prasad, Nirmal Mazumder","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04101-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04101-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms has created a critical need for alternative treatment options. Phage therapy is gaining attention as an effective way to fight bacterial infections by using lytic bacteriophages to specifically target and kill harmful bacteria. This review discusses several phage therapeutic options and emphasizes new developments in phage biology. Phage treatment has proven to be successful against MDR bacteria, as evidenced by multiple human clinical trials that indicate favorable results in treating a range of diseases caused by these pathogens. Despite these promising results, challenges such as phage resistance, regulatory hurdles, and the need for standardized treatment protocols remain. To effectively combat MDR bacterial infections, future research must focus on enhancing phage effectiveness, guaranteeing safety for human usage and incorporating phage therapy into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04074-8
Anca Awal Sembada, Yohanes Theda, Ahmad Faizal
Animal diseases are among the most debilitating issues in the animal farming industry, resulting in decreased productivity and product quality worldwide. An emerging alternative to conventional injectable vaccines is edible vaccines, which promise increased delivery efficiency while maintaining vaccine effectiveness. One of the most promising platforms for edible vaccines is duckweeds, due to their high growth rate, ease of transformation, and excellent nutritional content. This review explores the potential, feasibility, and advantages of using duckweeds as platforms for edible vaccines. Duckweeds have proven to be superb feed sources, as evidenced by numerous improvements in both quantity (e.g., weight gain) and quality (e.g., yolk pigmentation). In terms of heterologous protein production, duckweeds, being plants, are capable of expressing proteins with complex structures and post-translational modifications. Research efforts have focused on the development of duckweed-based edible vaccines, including those against avian influenza, tuberculosis, Newcastle disease, and mastitis, among others. As with any emerging technology, the development of duckweeds as a platform for edible vaccines is still in its early stages compared to well-established injectable vaccines. It is evident that more proof-of-concept studies are required to bring edible vaccines closer to the current standards of conventional vaccines. Specifically, the duckweed expression system needs further development in areas such as yield and growth rate, especially when compared to bacterial and mammalian expression systems. Continued efforts in this field could lead to breakthroughs that significantly improve the resilience of the animal farming industry against disease threats.
{"title":"Duckweeds as edible vaccines in the animal farming industry.","authors":"Anca Awal Sembada, Yohanes Theda, Ahmad Faizal","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04074-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04074-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal diseases are among the most debilitating issues in the animal farming industry, resulting in decreased productivity and product quality worldwide. An emerging alternative to conventional injectable vaccines is edible vaccines, which promise increased delivery efficiency while maintaining vaccine effectiveness. One of the most promising platforms for edible vaccines is duckweeds, due to their high growth rate, ease of transformation, and excellent nutritional content. This review explores the potential, feasibility, and advantages of using duckweeds as platforms for edible vaccines. Duckweeds have proven to be superb feed sources, as evidenced by numerous improvements in both quantity (e.g., weight gain) and quality (e.g., yolk pigmentation). In terms of heterologous protein production, duckweeds, being plants, are capable of expressing proteins with complex structures and post-translational modifications. Research efforts have focused on the development of duckweed-based edible vaccines, including those against avian influenza, tuberculosis, Newcastle disease, and mastitis, among others. As with any emerging technology, the development of duckweeds as a platform for edible vaccines is still in its early stages compared to well-established injectable vaccines. It is evident that more proof-of-concept studies are required to bring edible vaccines closer to the current standards of conventional vaccines. Specifically, the duckweed expression system needs further development in areas such as yield and growth rate, especially when compared to bacterial and mammalian expression systems. Continued efforts in this field could lead to breakthroughs that significantly improve the resilience of the animal farming industry against disease threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04092-6
P M Vetriselvi, Manoj Kumar Narasimhan, Marcus Samuel, Rex Arunraj
Whole-cell bacteria overexpressing a combo of enzymes capable of breaking down complex lignocellulosic components of cell wall is a path-breaking innovation that is eco-friendly for agricultural waste processing and sustainable environment. In this study, a whole-cell E. coli overexpressing the enzyme alpha-galactosidase is used to biodegrade sugarcane bagasse, presenting a sustainable approach for agricultural waste utilization. Alpha-galactosidase is an enzyme that breaks down alpha-D-galactose residues at the non-reducing ends of oligosaccharides (such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose), complex galactomannans, and galactolipids. Submerged and solid-state fermentation-mediated hydrolysis of bagasse waste using recombinant E. coli overexpressing α-galactosidase shows a decrease in the level of α-galactosides releasing sucrose and reducing sugars, indicating a continuous breakdown of the cell wall. Scanning electron microscopy indicates substantial disintegration of cell wall fibers under both submerged (12 h) and solid-state (7 days) fermentation, confirming the disruption of bagasse cell wall structural integrity. The 2XM9 media was found competent for both total protein and enzyme activity; the total protein concentration was 2553 µg/ml after 28 h of induction with an enzyme activity of 0.445 gal units/µg of protein after 16 h of induction at 24 °C. The results show that using whole-cell recombinant systems that express different cell wall-degrading enzymes could be a sustainable way to use agricultural waste, which would help with both waste management and protecting the environment.
过量表达能分解细胞壁中复杂木质纤维素成分的组合酶的全细胞细菌是一种突破性创新,对农业废物处理和可持续环境具有生态友好性。本研究利用过量表达α-半乳糖苷酶的全细胞大肠杆菌对甘蔗渣进行生物降解,为农业废物利用提供了一种可持续的方法。α-半乳糖苷酶是一种能分解低聚糖(如棉子糖、水苏糖和马来糖)非还原末端的α-D-半乳糖残基、复合半乳甘露聚糖和半乳脂的酶。利用过量表达 α-半乳糖苷酶的重组大肠杆菌对甘蔗渣废料进行浸没式和固态发酵介导的水解显示,释放出蔗糖和还原糖的α-半乳糖苷水平下降,表明细胞壁在不断分解。扫描电子显微镜显示,在浸没发酵(12 小时)和固态发酵(7 天)过程中,细胞壁纤维都发生了大量分解,证实蔗渣细胞壁结构的完整性受到破坏。在 2XM9 培养基中,总蛋白和酶活性均合格;在 24 °C 下诱导 28 小时后,总蛋白浓度为 2553 微克/毫升,诱导 16 小时后,酶活性为 0.445 gal 单位/微克蛋白。研究结果表明,使用表达不同细胞壁降解酶的全细胞重组系统是一种可持续利用农业废弃物的方法,有助于废弃物管理和环境保护。
{"title":"Biodegradation of sugarcane bagasse biomass using recombinant alpha-galactosidase overexpressing whole-cell <i>E.coli</i>: a sustainable method of agricultural waste utilization.","authors":"P M Vetriselvi, Manoj Kumar Narasimhan, Marcus Samuel, Rex Arunraj","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04092-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04092-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole-cell bacteria overexpressing a combo of enzymes capable of breaking down complex lignocellulosic components of cell wall is a path-breaking innovation that is eco-friendly for agricultural waste processing and sustainable environment. In this study, a whole-cell <i>E. coli</i> overexpressing the enzyme alpha-galactosidase is used to biodegrade sugarcane bagasse, presenting a sustainable approach for agricultural waste utilization. Alpha-galactosidase is an enzyme that breaks down alpha-D-galactose residues at the non-reducing ends of oligosaccharides (such as raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose), complex galactomannans, and galactolipids. Submerged and solid-state fermentation-mediated hydrolysis of bagasse waste using recombinant <i>E. coli</i> overexpressing α-galactosidase shows a decrease in the level of α-galactosides releasing sucrose and reducing sugars, indicating a continuous breakdown of the cell wall. Scanning electron microscopy indicates substantial disintegration of cell wall fibers under both submerged (12 h) and solid-state (7 days) fermentation, confirming the disruption of bagasse cell wall structural integrity. The 2XM9 media was found competent for both total protein and enzyme activity; the total protein concentration was 2553 µg/ml after 28 h of induction with an enzyme activity of 0.445 gal units/µg of protein after 16 h of induction at 24 °C. The results show that using whole-cell recombinant systems that express different cell wall-degrading enzymes could be a sustainable way to use agricultural waste, which would help with both waste management and protecting the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11424598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1
Qiu-Hua Zhang, Zheng Wang, Yao-Qiang Wang, Yi-Lin Zhao, Hai-Jia Su
In this study, a novel colorimetric screening method for identifying menaquinone-7 (MK-7) producing strains was established using potassium permanganate. To our knowledge, this method represents the first direct screening methodology for the identification of MK-7 producing strains. Utilizing this screening method, a new MK-7 producing strain, Bacillus subtilis GSA-184, was identified from the soil of the Tibetan Plateau. Under the optimized fermentation medium (50 g/L glycerol, 30 g/L yeast extract powder, 100 g/L soybean peptone, 1 g/L KH2PO4, and 1 g/L MnSO4), the production of MK-7 was increased to 25.7 mg/L. Additionally, the maximum production of MK-7 reached 36.46 mg/L after 48 h in a 5-L fermenter.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1.
{"title":"Colorimetric screening model for identification of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) producing strains.","authors":"Qiu-Hua Zhang, Zheng Wang, Yao-Qiang Wang, Yi-Lin Zhao, Hai-Jia Su","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a novel colorimetric screening method for identifying menaquinone-7 (MK-7) producing strains was established using potassium permanganate. To our knowledge, this method represents the first direct screening methodology for the identification of MK-7 producing strains. Utilizing this screening method, a new MK-7 producing strain, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> GSA-184, was identified from the soil of the Tibetan Plateau. Under the optimized fermentation medium (50 g/L glycerol, 30 g/L yeast extract powder, 100 g/L soybean peptone, 1 g/L KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, and 1 g/L MnSO<sub>4</sub>), the production of MK-7 was increased to 25.7 mg/L. Additionally, the maximum production of MK-7 reached 36.46 mg/L after 48 h in a 5-L fermenter.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04097-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11422327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrothermal pretreatments are commonly employed prior to the biotechnological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products, such as fuels and chemicals. However, the by-products of this pretreatment, including furaldehydes, lignin-derived phenolics, and carboxylic acids, can inhibit the enzymes and microbes used in the biotechnological process. In this study, LCB degrading enzymes of endophytic and litter fungi were screened for their tolerance to potential pretreatment-derived inhibitors. Several fungi produced endo- and exoglucanases that remained functional in the presence of lignocellulose-derived phenolics. Some were also active in the presence of tannic acid. Additionally, thermostable endoglucanase activity was observed in some fungi. The ability of some of these fungi to utilize furaldehyde inhibitors as a sole carbon source was also noted. The culture supernatants of the fungal strains were tested in hydrolysis experiments using microcrystalline cellulose as a substrate, in the presence of lignocellulose phenolics and tannic acid. With some strains, higher sugar yields were obtained in the hydrolysis of cellulose when phenolics were added. Our results highlight the need for more intensive exploration of endophytic and plant litter fungi for novel inhibitor-resistant cellulases for biofuel production.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3.
{"title":"Fungal endophytes and leaf litter fungi as sources of novel inhibitor-resistant cellulase for biofuel production: a basic study.","authors":"Trichur Subramanian Suryanarayanan, Thavamani Rajamani, Nina Aro, Anna Borisova, Kaisa Marjamaa, Meenavalli Babu Govindarajulu","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrothermal pretreatments are commonly employed prior to the biotechnological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products, such as fuels and chemicals. However, the by-products of this pretreatment, including furaldehydes, lignin-derived phenolics, and carboxylic acids, can inhibit the enzymes and microbes used in the biotechnological process. In this study, LCB degrading enzymes of endophytic and litter fungi were screened for their tolerance to potential pretreatment-derived inhibitors. Several fungi produced endo- and exoglucanases that remained functional in the presence of lignocellulose-derived phenolics. Some were also active in the presence of tannic acid. Additionally, thermostable endoglucanase activity was observed in some fungi. The ability of some of these fungi to utilize furaldehyde inhibitors as a sole carbon source was also noted. The culture supernatants of the fungal strains were tested in hydrolysis experiments using microcrystalline cellulose as a substrate, in the presence of lignocellulose phenolics and tannic acid. With some strains, higher sugar yields were obtained in the hydrolysis of cellulose when phenolics were added. Our results highlight the need for more intensive exploration of endophytic and plant litter fungi for novel inhibitor-resistant cellulases for biofuel production.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04087-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current investigation involved the isolation of 13 endophytic fungi from Taxus sp. collected in Himachal Pradesh, India. Among these, isolate PAT-3 produced 195.13 mg/L of Taxol in reformative medium broth using microbial fermentation as an alternative source. The PAT-3 isolate was characterized as Mucor circinelloides through morphologic and molecular techniques. The PAT-3 isolate was the only one to exhibit positive results for the Taxol biosynthesis-related genes 10-deacetylbaccatin-III-10-O-acetyltransferase (dbat), Baccatin-III, 3: amino, 3 phenylpropanol transferase (bapt), and taxadienol-acetyltransferase (tat). Furthermore, human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human melanoma cancer (SKMEL-28) cell lines demonstrated the cytotoxicity of Taxol extracted from isolate PAT-3, with IC50 values of 80.32 µg/mL and 77.21 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the ability of the endophytic fungus M. circinelloides from Taxus sp. in the northern Himalayan region to produce paclitaxel. The study's findings show that Mucor circinelloides is an excellent alternative source of Taxol, and they may pave the way for the production of Taxol at the industrial level in future.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7.
{"title":"Paclitaxel production from endophytic <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> isolated from <i>Taxus</i> sp. of the Northern Himalayan region.","authors":"Aparajita Sharma, Pryanka Thakur, Vikram Thakur, Duni Chand, Ravi Kant Bhatia, Sourabh Kulshrestha, Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current investigation involved the isolation of 13 endophytic fungi from <i>Taxus</i> sp. collected in Himachal Pradesh, India. Among these, isolate PAT-3 produced 195.13 mg/L of Taxol in reformative medium broth using microbial fermentation as an alternative source. The PAT-3 isolate was characterized as <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> through morphologic and molecular techniques. The PAT-3 isolate was the only one to exhibit positive results for the Taxol biosynthesis-related genes 10-deacetylbaccatin-III-10-O-acetyltransferase (<i>dbat</i>), Baccatin-III, 3: amino, 3 phenylpropanol transferase (<i>bapt</i>), and taxadienol-acetyltransferase (<i>tat</i>). Furthermore, human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human melanoma cancer (SKMEL-28) cell lines demonstrated the cytotoxicity of Taxol extracted from isolate PAT-3, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 80.32 µg/mL and 77.21 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the ability of the endophytic fungus <i>M. circinelloides</i> from <i>Taxus</i> sp. in the northern Himalayan region to produce paclitaxel. The study's findings show that <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> is an excellent alternative source of Taxol, and they may pave the way for the production of Taxol at the industrial level in future.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04091-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"14 10","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}