Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108620
Xiangling Hou , Ling Xu , Ningning Zhou , Xinxin Zhu , René Mõttus , Wendy Johnson
Fear of missing out (FoMO) has been linked to problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic social media use (PSMU), but it remains unclear whether these associations reflect stable between-person differences or dynamic within-person processes over time. To address this, we analyzed five-wave longitudinal data (N = 1,596, females = 1,055, Mage = 19.70, SD = 1.60) using Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) to disentangle between- and within-person associations longitudinally. Our observations revealed that: (1) PSU and PSMU were strongly correlated across time, indicating substantial overlap between the two behaviors; (2) FoMO positively predicted both PSU and PSMU, and these behaviors also predicted higher subsequent FoMO, suggesting bidirectional relations; and (3) FoMO and PSU exhibited moderate temporal stability. These observations underscore a subtle but persistent interplay between FoMO, PSU, and PSMU over time.
{"title":"Longitudinal associations between fear of missing out, problematic social media use, and problematic smartphone use","authors":"Xiangling Hou , Ling Xu , Ningning Zhou , Xinxin Zhu , René Mõttus , Wendy Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fear of missing out (FoMO) has been linked to problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic social media use (PSMU), but it remains unclear whether these associations reflect stable between-person differences or dynamic within-person processes over time. To address this, we analyzed five-wave longitudinal data (<em>N</em> = 1,596, females = 1,055, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 19.70, <em>SD</em> = 1.60) using Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) to disentangle between- and within-person associations longitudinally. Our observations revealed that: (1) PSU and PSMU were strongly correlated across time, indicating substantial overlap between the two behaviors; (2) FoMO positively predicted both PSU and PSMU, and these behaviors also predicted higher subsequent FoMO, suggesting bidirectional relations; and (3) FoMO and PSU exhibited moderate temporal stability. These observations underscore a subtle but persistent interplay between FoMO, PSU, and PSMU over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108610
Giorgio Veneziani , Emanuele Giraldi , Giulia Panagini , Giuseppe Marano , Giuseppe Manuel Festa , Marianna Mazza , Carlo Lai
Background
Adverse childhood experiences have been identified as important risk factors for addictive behaviors, particularly when cumulatively occurring. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the differences and interrelationships of addictive behaviors (both substance and behavior-related, such as gaming and overeating) according to adverse childhood experiences.
Method
A total of 802 participants recruited from the Italian general population completed the brief Screener for Substance and Behavioral Addiction and Childhood Traumatic Events Scale. Based on reported adverse childhood experiences, participants were divided into three groups: no adverse experience, single adverse experience, and multiple adverse experiences. The interrelationships among addictive behaviors in the groups were assessed using a network analysis approach.
Results
The multiple adverse experiences group reported significantly higher levels of addictive behaviors related to tobacco, overeating, and sex. Network analysis showed that in the multiple adverse experiences group, addictive behaviors were more interrelated, displaying a greater number of associations among each other than in the no adverse experience and single adverse experience groups. Particularly, in the multiple adverse experiences group, substance-related addictive behaviors (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine) showed strong interrelationships, suggesting a pattern of polysubstance use. Moreover, in the multiple adverse experiences group, overeating showed associations with the other types of addictive behaviors. Lastly, in each group, compulsive sex was associated with most of the other types of addictive behaviors, and, specifically, in the multiple adverse experiences group, it showed connections with shopping and overworking, while in the no adverse experience group, with cannabis, videogaming, and overeating.
Conclusions
The main findings of the study showed that individuals with cumulative adverse childhood experiences not only reported higher severity of single addictive behaviors, but also greater interrelationships among each other, highlighting in these individuals a potential pattern of mutual reinforcement and links between several addictive behaviors.
{"title":"The role of cumulative adverse childhood experiences in the interrelationships among addictive behaviors: A network analysis study","authors":"Giorgio Veneziani , Emanuele Giraldi , Giulia Panagini , Giuseppe Marano , Giuseppe Manuel Festa , Marianna Mazza , Carlo Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences have been identified as important risk factors for addictive behaviors, particularly when cumulatively occurring. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the differences and interrelationships of addictive behaviors (both substance and behavior-related, such as gaming and overeating) according to adverse childhood experiences.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 802 participants recruited from the Italian general population completed the brief Screener for Substance and Behavioral Addiction and Childhood Traumatic Events Scale. Based on reported adverse childhood experiences, participants were divided into three groups: no adverse experience, single adverse experience, and multiple adverse experiences. The interrelationships among addictive behaviors in the groups were assessed using a network analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The multiple adverse experiences group reported significantly higher levels of addictive behaviors related to tobacco, overeating, and sex. Network analysis showed that in the multiple adverse experiences group, addictive behaviors were more interrelated, displaying a greater number of associations among each other than in the no adverse experience and single adverse experience groups. Particularly, in the multiple adverse experiences group, substance-related addictive behaviors (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine) showed strong interrelationships, suggesting a pattern of polysubstance use. Moreover, in the multiple adverse experiences group, overeating showed associations with the other types of addictive behaviors. Lastly, in each group, compulsive sex was associated with most of the other types of addictive behaviors, and, specifically, in the multiple adverse experiences group, it showed connections with shopping and overworking, while in the no adverse experience group, with cannabis, videogaming, and overeating.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The main findings of the study showed that individuals with cumulative adverse childhood experiences not only reported higher severity of single addictive behaviors, but also greater interrelationships among each other, highlighting in these individuals a potential pattern of mutual reinforcement and links between several addictive behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108617
Anasua Kundu , Peter Selby , Daniel Felsky , Theo J Moraes , Michael Chaiton
Introduction
Our existing knowledge on factors influencing vaping abstinence are still limited. The objective of this study was to build a machine learning (ML)-based model to predict past 30-day vaping abstinence and identify predictors among young e-cigarette users.
Methods
Data was taken from a Canadian past 30-day e-cigarette users aged 16–25 (n = 1,659), who were followed-up from 2020 to 2023 across 9 waves. For each outcome, predictors were taken from the immediately preceding wave, resulting in a dataset of 6,435 observations. This dataset was split into a training and testing set in 4:1 ratio and three ML models- random forest, gradient boosting machine, extreme gradient boosting were built on the training set to predict past 30-day vaping abstinence. Model performance was evaluated on the testing set and the best performing model was selected for further Shapley Additive ExPlanations analysis.
Results
The random forest model achieved the highest performance (AUC 0.737), and sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of the model. The topmost key predictors of past 30-day vaping abstinence were past month frequency of vaping and different measures of e-cigarette dependence. In addition, product characteristics (i.e., nicotine strength, flavor), intention to quit, and harm perception of nicotine vaping emerged as important predictors across different models. The model was used to estimate individual probability of abstinence and identify the barriers of successful cessation for each individual user.
Conclusion
While these findings can inform targeted vaping cessation strategies for young people, further research is needed to develop a more generalizable and higher-performing model.
{"title":"Predictors of past 30-day vaping abstinence among young e-cigarette users: Machine learning analysis of a longitudinal cohort","authors":"Anasua Kundu , Peter Selby , Daniel Felsky , Theo J Moraes , Michael Chaiton","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Our existing knowledge on factors influencing vaping abstinence are still limited. The objective of this study was to build a machine learning (ML)-based model to predict past 30-day vaping abstinence and identify predictors among young e-cigarette users.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was taken from a Canadian past 30-day e-cigarette users aged 16–25 (n = 1,659), who were followed-up from 2020 to 2023 across 9 waves. For each outcome, predictors were taken from the immediately preceding wave, resulting in a dataset of 6,435 observations. This dataset was split into a training and testing set in 4:1 ratio and three ML models- random forest, gradient boosting machine, extreme gradient boosting were built on the training set to predict past 30-day vaping abstinence. Model performance was evaluated on the testing set and the best performing model was selected for further Shapley Additive ExPlanations analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The random forest model achieved the highest performance (AUC 0.737), and sensitivity analysis showed the robustness of the model. The topmost key predictors of past 30-day vaping abstinence were past month frequency of vaping and different measures of e-cigarette dependence. In addition, product characteristics (i.e., nicotine strength, flavor), intention to quit, and harm perception of nicotine vaping emerged as important predictors across different models. The model was used to estimate individual probability of abstinence and identify the barriers of successful cessation for each individual user.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While these findings can inform targeted vaping cessation strategies for young people, further research is needed to develop a more generalizable and higher-performing model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108615
Jack T. Waddell , Samuel F. Acuff , Megan E. Schultz , Christine M. Lee
Background
Acute subjective alcohol effects are theorized to impact next-day alcohol expectancies and future drinking likelihood. However, little research has focused on the acute impact of distinct subjective alcohol-related effects (i.e., high-arousal-positive/stimulation vs. low-arousal-positive/relaxation) on next-day expectancies and drinking likelihood, despite the two having divergent alcohol outcomes. Further, such relations may be dampened when simultaneously experiencing negative alcohol consequences. The current study fills these voids in the literature.
Methods
Young adults (N = 131) completed 21 days of ecological momentary assessments, reporting (1) subjective effects during user-initiated drink reports and (2) expectancies and use behavior during next-day reports. Two-level multilevel mediation models tested whether subjective effects and negative consequences experienced from past-day drinking episodes indirectly predicted changes in next-day drinking likelihood via changes in next-day expectancies, and whether negative consequences experienced moderated such links.
Results
Past-day high- and low-arousal-positive subjective effects predicted increased next-day high- and low-arousal-positive expectancies, respectively. Further, past-day experiences of negative alcohol consequences predicted decreased next-day high (but not low) arousal positive expectancies. Thus, high-arousal-positive effects indirectly predicted higher likelihood of next-day drinking via increased next-day high-arousal-positive expectancies, whereas negative consequences predicted lower likelihood of next-day drinking via dampened next-day high-arousal-positive expectancies. Negative consequences moderated relations between low (but not high) arousal positive subjective effects and next-day expectancies, wherein past-day low-arousal-positive effects translated into stronger next-day low-arousal-positive expectancies when, surprisingly, experiencing higher-than-average (vs. lower-than-average) negative consequences.
Conclusions
Subjective effect-to-expectancy relations were present for both high- and low-arousal-positive effects, but negative consequences only served a “teachable moment” in terms of modifying next-day high arousal positive expectancies.
{"title":"Acute effects of subjective alcohol effects and negative alcohol consequences on next-day positive alcohol expectancies","authors":"Jack T. Waddell , Samuel F. Acuff , Megan E. Schultz , Christine M. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute subjective alcohol effects are theorized to impact next-day alcohol expectancies and future drinking likelihood. However, little research has focused on the acute impact of distinct subjective alcohol-related effects (i.e., high-arousal-positive/stimulation vs. low-arousal-positive/relaxation) on next-day expectancies and drinking likelihood, despite the two having divergent alcohol outcomes. Further, such relations may be dampened when simultaneously experiencing negative alcohol consequences. The current study fills these voids in the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Young adults (N = 131) completed 21 days of ecological momentary assessments, reporting (1) subjective effects during user-initiated drink reports and (2) expectancies and use behavior during next-day reports. Two-level multilevel mediation models tested whether subjective effects and negative consequences experienced from past-day drinking episodes indirectly predicted changes in next-day drinking likelihood via changes in next-day expectancies, and whether negative consequences experienced moderated such links.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Past-day high- and low-arousal-positive subjective effects predicted increased next-day high- and low-arousal-positive expectancies, respectively. Further, past-day experiences of negative alcohol consequences predicted decreased next-day high (but not low) arousal positive expectancies. Thus, high-arousal-positive effects indirectly predicted higher likelihood of next-day drinking via increased next-day high-arousal-positive expectancies, whereas negative consequences predicted lower likelihood of next-day drinking via dampened next-day high-arousal-positive expectancies. Negative consequences moderated relations between low (but not high) arousal positive subjective effects and next-day expectancies, wherein past-day low-arousal-positive effects translated into stronger next-day low-arousal-positive expectancies when, surprisingly, experiencing higher-than-average (vs. lower-than-average) negative consequences.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Subjective effect-to-expectancy relations were present for both high- and low-arousal-positive effects, but negative consequences only served a “teachable moment” in terms of modifying next-day high arousal positive expectancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108603
Laura C. Chambers , Benjamin D. Hallowell , Andrew R. Zullo , McClaren Rodriguez , Marzan A. Khan , Justin Berk , Rachel Gaither , Macy Daly , Rachel S. Wightman , Francesca L. Beaudoin
Background
For patients who use fentanyl, higher than currently recommended maintenance doses of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) may be needed to prevent cravings and withdrawal, but some clinicians and regulators are concerned that higher doses may increase overdose risk. We evaluated buprenorphine effectiveness for overdose prevention in the fentanyl era.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Rhode Island residents initiating buprenorphine for OUD (October 2016‒September 2022) using statewide administrative data. On each of 365 follow-up days, patients were classified as having an active buprenorphine prescription (yes/no) and a non-fatal or fatal opioid overdose (yes/no). Follow-up was discontinued if patients died or initiated methadone or naltrexone. Generalized estimating equations compared opioid overdose risk for days with versus without an active buprenorphine prescription, controlling for potential confounders and clustering by patient.
Results
Among 8,676 patients initiating buprenorphine, most were aged 25–44 years (56.0 %) and male (61.3 %). In the 365 days following initiation, 52.6 % of person-days were covered by an active buprenorphine prescription, 1,069 patients (12.3 %) had follow-up discontinued due to methadone initiation, and 411 patients (4.7 %) experienced 545 opioid overdoses. Opioid overdose risk was 61 % lower for days with versus without an active buprenorphine prescription (adjusted risk ratio = 0.39, 95 % confidence interval = 0.31–0.49). Daily doses prescribed on days with and without an opioid overdose event were similar (P = 0.261).
Conclusions
Buprenorphine remains effective for overdose prevention in the fentanyl era among patients who remain in treatment. There was no evidence that higher doses were associated with greater overdose risk.
{"title":"Risk of opioid overdose during buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder in the fentanyl era","authors":"Laura C. Chambers , Benjamin D. Hallowell , Andrew R. Zullo , McClaren Rodriguez , Marzan A. Khan , Justin Berk , Rachel Gaither , Macy Daly , Rachel S. Wightman , Francesca L. Beaudoin","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>For patients who use fentanyl, higher than currently recommended maintenance doses of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) may be needed to prevent cravings and withdrawal, but some clinicians and regulators are concerned that higher doses may increase overdose risk. We evaluated buprenorphine effectiveness for overdose prevention in the fentanyl era.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Rhode Island residents initiating buprenorphine for OUD (October 2016‒September 2022) using statewide administrative data. On each of 365 follow-up days, patients were classified as having an active buprenorphine prescription (yes/no) and a non-fatal or fatal opioid overdose (yes/no). Follow-up was discontinued if patients died or initiated methadone or naltrexone. Generalized estimating equations compared opioid overdose risk for days with versus without an active buprenorphine prescription, controlling for potential confounders and clustering by patient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 8,676 patients initiating buprenorphine, most were aged 25–44 years (56.0 %) and male (61.3 %). In the 365 days following initiation, 52.6 % of person-days were covered by an active buprenorphine prescription, 1,069 patients (12.3 %) had follow-up discontinued due to methadone initiation, and 411 patients (4.7 %) experienced 545 opioid overdoses. Opioid overdose risk was 61 % lower for days with versus without an active buprenorphine prescription (adjusted risk ratio = 0.39, 95 % confidence interval = 0.31–0.49). Daily doses prescribed on days with and without an opioid overdose event were similar (P = 0.261).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Buprenorphine remains effective for overdose prevention in the fentanyl era among patients who remain in treatment. There was no evidence that higher doses were associated with greater overdose risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108594
Simon D’Aquino , Benjamin Riordan , Megan Cook , Sarah Callinan
Objective
Alcohol consumption patterns have been associated with long-term anxiety, but evidence on how these associations vary across population subgroups remains limited. This study examines longitudinal associations between alcohol consumption frequency and quantity and subsequent anxiety, and tests whether these relationships were moderated by sex, age, and income level.
Methods
Participants were from a nationally representative sample of Australian adults (N = 21,405) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey between 2006 and 2021. Linear mixed-effects models predicted anxiety based on alcohol consumption one-year prior up to eight times per participant. Moderation by sex (male, female), age-group (18–25, 26–37, 38–50, 51 + years), and income quartile were examined. Anxiety was measured using the Kessler-10 anxiety subscale and alcohol consumption was measured using self-reported alcohol consumption frequency (alcohol consumption occasions per week) and alcohol consumption quantity (standard drinks consumed on alcohol consumption occasions).
Results
An adjusted model demonstrated a small effect of frequency (IRR[95 % CI] = 0.98[0.98, 0.99]) and quantity (IRR[95 % CI] = 1.02[1.01, 1.03]) on anxiety one-year later. Age, but not sex nor income, moderated the relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety. Specifically, frequency was associated with slightly lower longitudinal anxiety for 51 + year-olds (β[95 % CI] = -0.04[-0.05, −0.03]), but showed no association for 18–50-year-olds. Conversely, quantity was associated with slightly greater longitudinal anxiety for 51 + year-olds (β[95 % CI] = 0.03[.02, 0.05]) and 26–50-year-olds (β[95 % CI] = 0.02[.01, 0.03]), but not 18–25-year-olds.
Conclusions
While the impact of alcohol consumption on anxiety appears very small, divergent relationships of drinking frequency versus quantity on long-term anxiety seem to emerge across the lifespan. Drinking larger amounts per occasion appears associated with slight increases in anxiety from early adulthood, while drinking more frequently but in smaller amounts appears associated with slight decreases in anxiety in older adulthood.
{"title":"Alcohol consumption patterns and Long-Term Anxiety: The influence of Sex, Age, and income","authors":"Simon D’Aquino , Benjamin Riordan , Megan Cook , Sarah Callinan","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Alcohol consumption patterns have been associated with long-term anxiety, but evidence on how these associations vary across population subgroups remains limited. This study examines longitudinal associations between alcohol consumption frequency and quantity and subsequent anxiety, and tests whether these relationships were moderated by sex, age, and income level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were from a nationally representative sample of Australian adults (<em>N</em> = 21,405) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey between 2006 and 2021. Linear mixed-effects models predicted anxiety based on alcohol consumption one-year prior up to eight times per participant. Moderation by sex (male, female), age-group (18–25, 26–37, 38–50, 51 + years), and income quartile were examined. Anxiety was measured using the Kessler-10 anxiety subscale and alcohol consumption was measured using self-reported alcohol consumption frequency (alcohol consumption occasions per week) and alcohol consumption quantity (standard drinks consumed on alcohol consumption occasions).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An adjusted model demonstrated a small effect of frequency (IRR[95 % CI] = 0.98[0.98, 0.99]) and quantity (IRR[95 % CI] = 1.02[1.01, 1.03]) on anxiety one-year later. Age, but not sex nor income, moderated the relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety. Specifically, frequency was associated with slightly lower longitudinal anxiety for 51 + year-olds (β[95 % CI] = -0.04[-0.05, −0.03]), but showed no association for 18–50-year-olds. Conversely, quantity was associated with slightly greater longitudinal anxiety for 51 + year-olds (β[95 % CI] = 0.03[.02, 0.05]) and 26–50-year-olds (β[95 % CI] = 0.02[.01, 0.03]), but not 18–25-year-olds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While the impact of alcohol consumption on anxiety appears very small, divergent relationships of drinking frequency versus quantity on long-term anxiety seem to emerge across the lifespan. Drinking larger amounts per occasion appears associated with slight increases in anxiety from early adulthood, while drinking more frequently but in smaller amounts appears associated with slight decreases in anxiety in older adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108591
Jennifer E. Merrill , Roselyn Peterson , Christian C. Garcia , Lindy K. Howe , Kate B. Carey , Nancy P. Barnett , Kristina M. Jackson , Mary Beth Miller
Background
Heavy episodic drinking (HED; 4 + [females]/5 + [males] drinks/occasion), high-intensity drinking (HID; 8 + [females]/10 + [males] drinks/occasion), and drinking events that are planned are all associated with negative consequences. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are techniques to minimize alcohol-related consequences. In this day-level study, we hypothesized (1) PBS use would be associated with safer same-day drinking (lower odds of HID and negative consequences), and (2) risks of HID and consequences associated with planned drinking would be reduced on days with higher PBS use. Additionally, (3) on HID days, having planned to engage in HID was hypothesized to relate to use of fewer PBS.
Method
Young adults (n = 203, 57 % female) completed a baseline assessment and 28-day ecological momentary assessment of drinking intentions, and number of drinks.
Results
In total, 2,467 drinking days were captured (52% planned, 27% HID). Using more PBS was associated with lower odds of HID (relative to HED but not moderate drinking), and fewer consequences, partially supporting our first hypothesis. PBS did not moderate effects of planned drinking on HID or negative consequence odds. On planned (vs unplanned) HID days, fewer PBS were used, supporting our third hypothesis.
Conclusion
Planning to drink is linked reliably to heavier drinking and negative consequences, but day-level associations between PBS and risky drinking are complex. PBS appear to have less impact on consequences when drinking is planned. When HID in particular is planned, fewer PBS are used. For days when HID is planned, real-time reminders of PBS may add value to intervention efforts.
{"title":"Protective behavioral strategies and planned drinking relate to high intensity drinking and consequences at the day level","authors":"Jennifer E. Merrill , Roselyn Peterson , Christian C. Garcia , Lindy K. Howe , Kate B. Carey , Nancy P. Barnett , Kristina M. Jackson , Mary Beth Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heavy episodic drinking (HED; 4 + [females]/5 + [males] drinks/occasion), high-intensity drinking (HID; 8 + [females]/10 + [males] drinks/occasion), and drinking events that are planned are all associated with negative consequences. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are techniques to minimize alcohol-related consequences. In this day-level study, we hypothesized (1) PBS use would be associated with safer same-day drinking (lower odds of HID and negative consequences), and (2) risks of HID and consequences associated with planned drinking would be reduced on days with higher PBS use. Additionally, (3) on HID days, having planned to engage in HID was hypothesized to relate to use of fewer PBS.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Young adults (<em>n</em> = 203, 57 % female) completed a baseline assessment and 28-day ecological momentary assessment of drinking intentions, and number of drinks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 2,467 drinking days were captured (52% planned, 27% HID). Using more PBS was associated with lower odds of HID (relative to HED but not moderate drinking), and fewer consequences, partially supporting our first hypothesis. PBS did not moderate effects of planned drinking on HID or negative consequence odds. On planned (vs unplanned) HID days, fewer PBS were used, supporting our third hypothesis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Planning to drink is linked reliably to heavier drinking and negative consequences, but day-level associations between PBS and risky drinking are complex. PBS appear to have less impact on consequences when drinking is planned. When HID in particular is planned, fewer PBS are used. For days when HID is planned, real-time reminders of PBS may add value to intervention efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108596
Michael Fendrich , Kevin Petranu , Lauren Nickel , Christine L. Larson , Terri A. deRoon-Cassini
Background
People who experience traumatic injuries may be at risk for a variety of post-injury emotional and behavioral sequalae. In particular, the level of trauma experienced in relation to those injuries may place individuals at increased risk for substance use-related problems. Given the lack of research directly investigating the impact of injury-related PTSD on substance use problems post-injury, we conducted a secondary analysis of a study of injured patients to explore this issue.
Methods
To address the hypothesis that those experiencing more trauma at baseline were at increased risk for substance use problems at follow-up, this study utilized a prospective longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between traumatic injury, PTSD symptoms, and drug use problems over a 24-month follow-up period in 215 patients with traumatic injuries admitted for treatment to an urban Level 1 trauma center. The main study aim was to investigate whether the baseline major of trauma was associated with higher levels of substance use problems at follow-up, controlling for key background variables. Accordingly, we conducted mixed model longitudinal regression analysis where the 10-item DAST was regressed on time, demographic variables (age, sex, race, and income), and initial post-injury PTSD symptoms (as measured by the PCL-5 assessed two weeks post-injury). Separate analyses were conducted using continuous and binary measures of the DAST-10.
Results
Forty-two percent of the sample exceeded the clinical threshold for PTSD. Elevated PTSD symptoms increased the risk for the emergence of substance use problems over the follow-up period. The impact of PTSD symptoms remained when we looked at continuous and binary indicators of substance use problems, and when we controlled for retrospectively reported substance use problems. Male sex, older age, and lower income were also associated with the emergence of substance use problems.
Conclusion
PTSD symptoms occurring immediately post-injury, when elevated, lead to an increased risk for the emergence of substance use problems at follow-up. Substance use problems at follow-up are not merely a continuation of problems experienced before the injury. These findings underscore the importance of screening and of psychologically focused interventions soon after the traumatic injury experience.
{"title":"PTSD symptoms and substance use problems in traumatic injury patients: A 24-month follow-up","authors":"Michael Fendrich , Kevin Petranu , Lauren Nickel , Christine L. Larson , Terri A. deRoon-Cassini","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People who experience traumatic injuries may be at risk for a variety of post-injury emotional and behavioral sequalae. In particular, the level of trauma experienced in relation to those injuries may place individuals at increased risk for substance use-related problems. Given the lack of research directly investigating the impact of injury-related PTSD on substance use problems post-injury, we conducted a secondary analysis of a study of injured patients to explore this issue.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To address the hypothesis that those experiencing more trauma at baseline were at increased risk for substance use problems at follow-up, this study utilized a prospective longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between traumatic injury, PTSD symptoms, and drug use problems over a 24-month follow-up period in 215 patients with traumatic injuries admitted for treatment to an urban Level 1 trauma center. The main study aim was to investigate whether the baseline major of trauma was associated with higher levels of substance use problems at follow-up, controlling for key background variables. Accordingly, we conducted mixed model longitudinal regression analysis where the 10-item DAST was regressed on time, demographic variables (age, sex, race, and income), and initial post-injury PTSD symptoms (as measured by the PCL-5 assessed two weeks post-injury). Separate analyses were conducted using continuous and binary measures of the DAST-10.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-two percent of the sample exceeded the clinical threshold for PTSD. Elevated PTSD symptoms increased the risk for the emergence of substance use problems over the follow-up period. The impact of PTSD symptoms remained when we looked at continuous and binary indicators of substance use problems, and when we controlled for retrospectively reported substance use problems. Male sex, older age, and lower income were also associated with the emergence of substance use problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PTSD symptoms occurring immediately post-injury, when elevated, lead to an increased risk for the emergence of substance use problems at follow-up. Substance use problems at follow-up are not merely a continuation of problems experienced before the injury. These findings underscore the importance of screening and of psychologically focused interventions soon after the traumatic injury experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108609
Francis Julian L. Graham , Vira Pravosud , Salomeh Keyhani , Katherine J. Hoggatt , Pamela Ling , Deborah Hasin , Nhung Nguyen , Beth E. Cohen
Background
Co-use of cannabis and tobacco is increasing, but its impact on smoking cessation is not completely understood. It is unclear whether any cannabis use, or only problematic use such as cannabis use disorder (CUD), impacts smoking cessation.
Method
In 2023, we conducted an online, national survey of US adults (n = 2,271) currently smoking cigarettes. We examined the association of past 30-day cannabis use (divided into three groups: co-use with CUD, co-use without CUD, and no cannabis use) with outcomes that can impact smoking cessation: self-rated importance, readiness, and confidence in quitting, barriers to cessation (Barriers to Cessation Scale, score range 0 to 57), and specific types of barriers (Addiction, Internal, and External barriers subscales).
Results
Interest in quitting smoking and self-rated importance was lowest in those with co-use without CUD, but self-rated readiness and confidence did not significantly differ among the three groups. Those with CUD reported the highest levels of barriers overall (total score of 20.3 for co-use with CUD, 15.2 for co-use use without CUD, and 16.4 for no cannabis use) and across all subscales. Adjusted subscale scores were higher for adults with CUD vs. cannabis use without CUD (Addiction: p = 0.03, External: p= 0<.001, Internal: <.001) and vs. no cannabis use (Addiction: p = 0.03, External: p = 0.02, Internal: p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Adults who smoke cigarettes and use cannabis (vs. those smoking without cannabis co-use) report similar levels of readiness and confidence in quitting smoking. However, interest in and importance of quitting smoking was lowest in those reporting co-use without CUD and barriers were greatest in those reporting co-use with CUD. These populations may benefit from targeted interventions to address their unique challenges and improve smoking cessation.
{"title":"The impact of cannabis co-use and cannabis use disorder on interest in and barriers to tobacco cessation","authors":"Francis Julian L. Graham , Vira Pravosud , Salomeh Keyhani , Katherine J. Hoggatt , Pamela Ling , Deborah Hasin , Nhung Nguyen , Beth E. Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Co-use of cannabis and tobacco is increasing, but its impact on smoking cessation is not completely understood. It is unclear whether any cannabis use, or only problematic use such as cannabis use disorder (CUD), impacts smoking cessation.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In 2023, we conducted an online, national survey of US adults (n = 2,271) currently smoking cigarettes. We examined the association of past 30-day cannabis use (divided into three groups: co-use with CUD, co-use without CUD, and no cannabis use) with outcomes that can impact smoking cessation: self-rated importance, readiness, and confidence in quitting, barriers to cessation (Barriers to Cessation Scale, score range 0 to 57), and specific types of barriers (Addiction, Internal, and External barriers subscales).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Interest in quitting smoking and self-rated importance was lowest in those with co-use without CUD, but self-rated readiness and confidence did not significantly differ among the three groups. Those with CUD reported the highest levels of barriers overall (total score of 20.3 for co-use with CUD, 15.2 for co-use use without CUD, and 16.4 for no cannabis use) and across all subscales. Adjusted subscale scores were higher for adults with CUD vs. cannabis use without CUD (Addiction: p = 0.03, External: p= 0<.001, Internal: <.001) and vs. no cannabis use (Addiction: p = 0.03, External: p = 0.02, Internal: p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adults who smoke cigarettes and use cannabis (vs. those smoking without cannabis co-use) report similar levels of readiness and confidence in quitting smoking. However, interest in and importance of quitting smoking was lowest in those reporting co-use without CUD and barriers were greatest in those reporting co-use with CUD. These populations may benefit from targeted interventions to address their unique challenges and improve smoking cessation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145960882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108588
Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi , Najim Z. Alshahrani
Background
Smoking initiation remains a major public health concern, yet little is known about whether functional disability independently increases the risk of becoming a smoker.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort analysis using data from Waves 10 (2018–2019, baseline) and 14 (2022–2023, follow-up) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study. The analytic sample included 20,529 adults who were non-smokers at baseline and were prospectively followed over four years to assess smoking initiation at Wave 14. Functional disability was assessed across twelve domains; mobility, lifting or carrying objects, manual dexterity, continence, hearing, sight, physical coordination, personal care, memory/concentration/learning/understanding, communication/speech, recognising physical danger, and other health problems or disabilities; and was operationalised based on its presence, number of affected domains, and specific type of limitation reported. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) of smoking initiation, controlling for age, sex, education, ethnicity, and urban/rural residence.
Results
At baseline, 25.1 % of participants (n = 5161) reported at least one functional disability. By follow-up, 379 participants (1.9 %) had initiated smoking. Individuals with functional disabilities had a higher risk of smoking initiation (RR = 1.42, 95 % CI: 1.12–1.80, p = 0.004) after adjustment. A significant trend was observed across increasing numbers of functional disabilities (p-trend < 0.001), with elevated risks among individuals reporting two or more (RR = 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.33–2.42, p < 0.001). Among new smokers, individuals with functional disabilities were also more likely to smoke ≥ 10 cigarettes per day (RR = 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.64, p = 0.020). Domain-specific analyses showed that mobility limitations (RR = 1.83, 95 % CI: 1.33–2.50, p < 0.001), lifting or carrying impairments (RR = 1.90, 95 % CI: 1.40–2.57, p < 0.001), personal care limitations (RR = 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.19–3.18, p = 0.008), and difficulties recognising physical danger (RR = 2.59, 95 % CI: 1.15–5.81, p = 0.021) were most strongly associated with smoking initiation.
Conclusions
Functional disability is associated with an increased risk of smoking initiation. These findings highlight the need for inclusive tobacco prevention strategies that address the unique vulnerabilities and barriers faced by people with functional impairments.
背景：开始吸烟仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，但关于功能障碍是否会单独增加成为吸烟者的风险，我们知之甚少。方法：我们使用英国家庭纵向研究第10期（2018-2019年，基线）和第14期（2022-2023年，随访）的数据进行前瞻性队列分析。分析样本包括20,529名在基线时不吸烟的成年人，并对他们进行了为期四年的前瞻性随访，以评估第14期开始吸烟的情况。在12个领域评估功能性残疾；行动能力、举起或携带物品、手巧、自制、听力、视力、身体协调、个人护理、记忆/集中/学习/理解、沟通/言语、识别身体危险以及其他健康问题或残疾；并根据其存在，受影响领域的数量和报告的特定限制类型进行操作。在控制年龄、性别、教育程度、种族和城乡居住等因素的情况下，采用修正泊松回归稳健标准误差来估计开始吸烟的校正相对危险度（rr）。结果基线时，25.1%的参与者（n = 5161）报告了至少一种功能障碍。通过随访，379名参与者（1.9%）开始吸烟。调整后，功能障碍者开始吸烟的风险较高（RR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12-1.80, p = 0.004）。观察到功能性残疾人数增加的显著趋势（p趋势<； 0.001），报告两种或两种以上的个体风险升高（RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.33-2.42, p < 0.001）。在新吸烟者中，有功能障碍的个体每天吸烟≥10支的可能性也更大（RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04-1.64, p = 0.020）。特定领域分析显示，活动受限（RR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.33-2.50, p < 0.001）、举重或负重障碍（RR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.40-2.57, p < 0.001）、个人护理受限（RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.19-3.18, p = 0.008）和难以识别身体危险（RR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.15-5.81, p = 0.021）与开始吸烟最密切相关。结论：功能障碍与开始吸烟的风险增加有关。这些发现突出表明，需要制定包容性烟草预防战略，以解决功能障碍者面临的独特脆弱性和障碍。
{"title":"Functional disability and the risk of subsequent smoking initiation: A prospective cohort analysis","authors":"Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi , Najim Z. Alshahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Smoking initiation remains a major public health concern, yet little is known about whether functional disability independently increases the risk of becoming a smoker.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective cohort analysis using data from Waves 10 (2018–2019, baseline) and 14 (2022–2023, follow-up) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study. The analytic sample included 20,529 adults who were non-smokers at baseline and were prospectively followed over four years to assess smoking initiation at Wave 14. Functional disability was assessed across twelve domains; mobility, lifting or carrying objects, manual dexterity, continence, hearing, sight, physical coordination, personal care, memory/concentration/learning/understanding, communication/speech, recognising physical danger, and other health problems or disabilities; and was operationalised based on its presence, number of affected domains, and specific type of limitation reported. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) of smoking initiation, controlling for age, sex, education, ethnicity, and urban/rural residence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, 25.1 % of participants (n = 5161) reported at least one functional disability. By follow-up, 379 participants (1.9 %) had initiated smoking. Individuals with functional disabilities had a higher risk of smoking initiation (RR = 1.42, 95 % CI: 1.12–1.80, p = 0.004) after adjustment. A significant trend was observed across increasing numbers of functional disabilities (p-trend < 0.001), with elevated risks among individuals reporting two or more (RR = 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.33–2.42, p < 0.001). Among new smokers, individuals with functional disabilities were also more likely to smoke ≥ 10 cigarettes per day (RR = 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.04–1.64, p = 0.020). Domain-specific analyses showed that mobility limitations (RR = 1.83, 95 % CI: 1.33–2.50, p < 0.001), lifting or carrying impairments (RR = 1.90, 95 % CI: 1.40–2.57, p < 0.001), personal care limitations (RR = 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.19–3.18, p = 0.008), and difficulties recognising physical danger (RR = 2.59, 95 % CI: 1.15–5.81, p = 0.021) were most strongly associated with smoking initiation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Functional disability is associated with an increased risk of smoking initiation. These findings highlight the need for inclusive tobacco prevention strategies that address the unique vulnerabilities and barriers faced by people with functional impairments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 108588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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