Addictive behaviors最新文献_第6页

Perceived harm of e-cigarettes relative to conventional cigarettes: Comparison among different measures in the US and Vietnam 电子烟相对于传统香烟的感知危害：美国和越南不同措施的比较。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108230

Thi Phuong Thao Tran , Thi Tuyet Hanh Tran , Thi Hai Phan , Van Minh Hoang , Lucy Popova

Introduction

Evidence shows the inconsistencies in perceived harm of e-cigarettes between direct (single question) and indirect (assessing perceived harm separately by a single question and subtracting their score) measures. While the validity of both measures was tested by assessing their association with criterion variables (i.e., ever-trying e-cigarettes), further validation research is needed given existing limitations.

Methods

We analyzed data from Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 6 in the US and a provincial version of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2020 in Vietnam. Comparative harm of cigarettes and e-cigarettes was measured using direct and indirect method. A new criterion validity measure – “I use e-cigarettes because they might be less harmful to me than smoking cigarettes” – was introduced.

Results

In the general US population, a higher proportion of participants perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes when assessed using the indirect method compared to the direct method (31.56% vs. 13.70%). Additionally, although many US e-cigarette users indicated that they used e-cigarettes because they might be less harmful than cigarettes, among these people only 61.43% reported e-cigarettes to be less harmful when using the direct method but this proportion was higher (67.28%) for the indirect method. In Vietnam, this proportion was higher, at 76.68% using the direct method.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the significance of including and reporting multiple measures within a single survey to achieve a comprehensive understanding of perceived harm.

有证据表明，直接（单个问题）和间接（通过单个问题分别评估感知伤害并减去其分数）测量方法在电子烟的感知伤害方面存在不一致。虽然通过评估它们与标准变量（即不断尝试电子烟）的关联来测试这两种措施的有效性，但鉴于现有的局限性，需要进一步的验证研究。方法：我们分析了来自美国第六次烟草与健康人口评估研究和越南2020年全球成人烟草调查的省级版本的数据。采用直接法和间接法比较香烟和电子烟的危害。引入了一项新的标准有效性措施——“我使用电子烟，因为它们对我的危害可能比吸烟小”。结果：在普通美国人群中，与直接方法相比，使用间接方法评估时，更高比例的参与者认为电子烟的危害比香烟小（31.56%对13.70%）。此外，尽管许多美国电子烟用户表示他们使用电子烟是因为它们可能比香烟危害更小，但在这些人中，只有61.43%的人表示使用直接方法时电子烟的危害更小，但使用间接方法时这一比例更高（67.28%）。在越南，使用直接法，这一比例更高，为76.68%。结论：本研究强调了在单一调查中包括和报告多种措施的重要性，以实现对感知伤害的全面了解。

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引用次数: 0

Problematic smartphone use in a representative sample of US adults: Prevalence and predictors 美国成年人代表性样本中有问题的智能手机使用：患病率和预测因素。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108228

Lucien Rochat , Germano Vera Cruz , Elias Aboujaoude , Robert Courtois , Farah Ben Brahim , Riaz Khan , Yasser Khazaal

The exponential growth in worldwide smartphone adoption has led to mounting concerns about problematic smartphone use (PSU), with some studies of variably defined PSU yielding prevalence rates as high as 20 to 30%. The present study aims to (a) estimate the prevalence of PSU while emphasizing functional impairment, and (b) examine the degree to which a set of demographic, contextual, behavioral and mental health variables can predict PSU. A representative U.S. sample of 1,989 participants completed an online survey using a cross-sectional design aimed at examining PSU. Data were analyzed using two different but complementary machine learning algorithms. The results indicate a PSU prevalence of 0.75% to 1.2 % when a functional impairment criterion is required. The most important predictors of PSU are related to smartphone use behavior, followed by contextual factors (being a parent of under-age children, increase in use during the COVID-19 pandemic), age and some psychopathological factors. Overall, the study suggests that the prevalence of functionally impairing PSU may be much lower than what has been reported based on less stringent definitions. The results highlight the necessity to account for impact on key spheres of functioning in diagnosing PSU to avoid pathologizing a ubiquitous behavior that may be intensive but not necessarily pathological. They also open up relevant perspectives for the prevention of PSU.

全球智能手机普及率的指数级增长引发了人们对智能手机使用问题（PSU）的越来越多的担忧，一些对可变定义的PSU的研究得出的患病率高达20%至30%。本研究旨在(a)在强调功能损害的同时估计PSU的患病率，以及(b)检验一系列人口统计学、环境、行为和心理健康变量对PSU的预测程度。美国有代表性的1989名参与者完成了一项在线调查，使用横断面设计来检查PSU。使用两种不同但互补的机器学习算法分析数据。结果表明，当需要功能损害标准时，PSU患病率为0.75%至1.2%。PSU最重要的预测因素与智能手机使用行为有关，其次是环境因素（未成年儿童的父母，在COVID-19大流行期间使用增加），年龄和一些精神病理因素。总的来说，该研究表明，功能损害性PSU的患病率可能远低于基于不太严格定义的报道。研究结果强调，在诊断PSU时，有必要考虑对关键功能领域的影响，以避免将一种普遍存在的行为病态化，这种行为可能是强烈的，但不一定是病态的。它们也为预防PSU开辟了相关的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of narrative versus non-narrative pictorial warning labels on visual attention and alcohol-related cancer risk perceptions: An eye-tracking study 叙述式与非叙述式图形警告标签对视觉注意力和酒精相关癌症风险认知的影响：眼动追踪研究。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108229

Zexin Ma , Joshua Haworth , Jun Hu

Background

Alcohol use is a preventable risk factor for cancer, but public awareness remains low. A promising approach to raising awareness is to include pictorial warning labels (PWLs) on alcohol-containing products, but the typical graphic images used in such warnings can cause inattention. This study investigated whether narrative PWLs (depicting the lived experiences) could lead to greater attention and higher risk perceptions than graphic, non-narrative PWLs (showing graphic health effects).

Methods

Moderate and heavy drinkers participated in an online, webcam-based eye-tracking experiment (N = 649). They were randomized to view an order-randomized stimulus set containing either three narrative PWLs or three non-narrative PWLs. Visual attention was assessed by metrics of participant eye movements, including the visit count and dwell time to separate image and text area of interest (AOI) while viewing each PWL. Risk perceptions were assessed by participant responses to questions presented after viewing all PWLs.

Results

Participants paid more attention to the image than the text AOI on both metrics (p’s < 0.05). They also spent more time viewing narrative versus non-narrative PWLs (p’s < 0.05). However, PWL type had no significant effect on risk perceptions (p’s > 0.1), and visual attention did not mediate this relationship.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the potential of narrative PWLs to visually engage alcohol consumers’ attention. Further research is needed to understand why narrative PWLs do not outperform non-narrative PWLs in shaping risk perceptions either directly or through attention, the proposed mediator.

背景：饮酒是一种可预防的癌症风险因素，但公众意识仍然很低。提高认识的一个有希望的方法是在含酒精产品上加上图片警告标签（pwl），但这种警告中使用的典型图形图像可能会引起注意力不集中。本研究调查了叙述性pwl（描述生活经历）是否比图形化、非叙述性pwl（显示图形化的健康影响）能引起更多的关注和更高的风险认知。方法：中度饮酒者和重度饮酒者参加了一项基于网络摄像头的在线眼动追踪实验（N = 649）。他们被随机分配观看一个顺序随机的刺激集，其中包含三个叙述性pwl或三个非叙述性pwl。通过参与者眼球运动指标评估视觉注意力，包括观看每个PWL时的访问次数和分离图像和文本兴趣区域（AOI）的停留时间。在观看所有pwl后，通过参与者对问题的回答来评估风险感知。结果：在这两个指标上，参与者对图像的关注程度都高于对文本AOI的关注程度（p为0.1），而视觉关注并没有介导这种关系。结论：我们的研究结果强调了叙述性pwl在视觉上吸引酒精消费者注意力的潜力。需要进一步的研究来理解为什么叙述性pwl在塑造风险感知方面没有优于非叙述性pwl，无论是直接还是通过提出的中介注意。

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引用次数: 0

Does cannabis substitute or complement alcohol after recreational cannabis legalization in the Washington State? A three-level mixed-effects modeling 在华盛顿州娱乐性大麻合法化后，大麻是酒精的替代品还是补充？三级混合效果建模。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108218

Yachen Zhu, Pamela J. Trangenstein, William C. Kerr

Background

Whether cannabis substitute or complement alcohol remains inconclusive. Little is known about the daily-level associations between cannabis and alcohol use by cannabis user type (medical vs. recreational use) in people who use alcohol and cannabis within a legalized environment.

Methods

Adult participants were from four waves of Washington Panel Survey during 2014–2016, who consumed both cannabis and alcohol in the past six months. Daily measurements of alcohol and cannabis use in the past week were collected at each wave. Our outcome variable was continuous alcoholic drinks, the exposure was any cannabis use. We applied three-level negative binomial models to account for within-person wave-to-wave and between-person variations, deriving pure within-person within-wave associations between cannabis and alcohol use at the daily level. A cross-level interaction between day-level cannabis use and wave-level medical cannabis recommendation investigated the potential differential substitution/complementarity patterns by medical recommendation status.

Results

259 respondents with 440 person-waves and 3,051 daily observations were included. We found a statistically significant pure Level 1 (within-person daily-level) effect of cannabis use among recreational cannabis users (IRR = 1.37, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.79, p = 0.02), showing a complementary use pattern. We also found a statistically significant cross-level interaction between medical cannabis recommendation and cannabis use at Level 1 (IRR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.34–0.96, p = 0.03), indicating that, differently from recreational users, medical cannabis users may have a substitution use pattern.

Conclusions

Cannabis user type may inform co-use patterns. This study suggested recreational cannabis users tended to use alcohol and cannabis in a complementary manner in Washington State following the legalization of recreational use.

背景：大麻是否替代或补充酒精仍然没有定论。对于在合法环境中使用酒精和大麻的人群中，按大麻使用者类型（医疗与娱乐用途）划分的大麻和酒精使用之间的日常水平关联，了解甚少。方法：成年参与者来自2014-2016年华盛顿小组调查的四波，他们在过去六个月内既使用大麻又使用酒精。过去一周的酒精和大麻使用的每日测量数据在每一波收集。我们的结果变量是连续饮酒，暴露是任何大麻的使用。我们应用三水平负二项模型来解释人体内波对波和人与人之间的变化，得出大麻和酒精使用在日常水平上的纯粹人体内波内关联。日级大麻使用和波级医用大麻推荐之间的跨级别相互作用调查了医疗推荐状态不同的潜在差异替代/互补模式。结果：259名受访者，440人波和3051个日常观察。我们发现，在娱乐性大麻使用者中，大麻使用具有统计学意义的纯1级（人内每日水平）效应（IRR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.79, p = 0.02），显示出互补的使用模式。我们还发现，医用大麻推荐量与大麻使用之间在1级水平上存在显著的跨水平交互作用（IRR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.96, p = 0.03），这表明，与娱乐性大麻使用者不同，医用大麻使用者可能存在替代使用模式。结论：大麻使用者类型可能会影响共同使用模式。这项研究表明，在华盛顿州娱乐性大麻使用合法化后，娱乐性大麻使用者倾向于以一种互补的方式使用酒精和大麻。

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引用次数: 0

Event-level effects of alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use on bystander intentions in response to hypothetical situations among college women 事件水平上酒精、大麻以及同时使用酒精和大麻对大学生女性旁观者意图的影响。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108227

Ruschelle M. Leone , Michelle Haikalis , Tiffany L. Marcantonio , Amanda K. Gilmore , Cynthia Stappenbeck , Nancy P. Barnett , Kevin M. Gray

Bystanders can play an important role in preventing alcohol-related harm (e.g., unintentional injury) or sexual aggression. While the impact of one’s own acute alcohol intoxication on sexual aggression bystander intervention has been explored, less is known about how alcohol impacts the ability to intervene in alcohol-related harm. Further, scant research has examined one’s own cannabis or simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., using alcohol and cannabis at the same time so that their effects overlap) on bystander intervention. The present study employed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to test the acute effects of alcohol and cannabis on intentions to intervene in (1) alcohol-related harm and (2) sexual aggression. Participants were 81 U.S. college women aged 18 to 24 who engaged in heavy episodic drinking, cannabis, and simultaneous use in the past month. Participants completed an identical report delivered at random times on two evenings assessing acute alcohol and/or cannabis use and then responded to questions assessing bystander intentions to prevent alcohol-related harm and sexual aggression in a hypothetical party situation. Acute alcohol and simultaneous use, compared to no substance use, was associated with fewer intentions to intervene in alcohol-related harm and in sexual aggression. Results highlighted the nuanced impact of alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous use on bystanders and can help inform bystander training programs for both alcohol-related harm and sexual aggression.

旁观者在预防与酒精有关的伤害（如意外伤害）或性侵犯方面可以发挥重要作用。虽然已有研究探讨了自身急性酒精中毒对旁观者干预性侵犯的影响，但对酒精如何影响干预酒精相关伤害的能力却知之甚少。此外，很少有研究探讨自身吸食大麻或同时吸食酒精和大麻（即同时吸食酒精和大麻，使其影响重叠）对旁观者干预的影响。本研究采用生态瞬间评估（EMA）来测试酒精和大麻对干预（1）酒精相关伤害和（2）性侵犯意图的急性影响。参与者是 81 名年龄在 18-24 岁之间的美国女大学生，她们在过去一个月中曾大量偶发性饮酒、吸食大麻并同时使用。参与者在两个晚上的随机时间完成一份相同的报告，评估急性酒精和/或大麻使用情况，然后回答问题，评估旁观者在假设的聚会场景中防止酒精相关伤害和性侵犯的意愿。与不使用任何药物相比，急性饮酒和同时使用大麻与干预酒精相关伤害和性侵犯的意愿较低有关。研究结果凸显了酒精、大麻和同时使用对旁观者的细微影响，有助于为针对酒精相关伤害和性侵犯的旁观者培训计划提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Dose-dependent effects of alcohol consumption on pressure pain threshold 酒精摄入对压力痛阈的剂量依赖性影响。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108226

Jeff Boissoneault , Adriana Cushnie , Madison Sinclair , Sage Hebert , Rachel Schorn , Jonathan Burt , Riley Dougherty

Introduction

Prior laboratory-based studies have identified significant analgesic effects of acute alcohol. Despite providing excellent experimental control, these studies are limited regarding the range of alcohol exposure that can be practically and ethically achieved. This study capitalized on the heterogeneity in breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) resulting from naturalistic alcohol use at a public event to improve understanding of alcohol analgesia. We hypothesized that BrAC would be significantly and positively associated with pain threshold.

Methods

Participants were attendees of the 2024 Minnesota State Fair reporting alcohol use within the last month (N = 149, 55 % women). Each completed a brief assessment of pressure pain threshold at the first dorsal interosseus muscle. BrAC was measured using a standard breathalyzer device. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis characterized BrAC as a predictor of pain threshold, controlling for covariates including clinical pain, age, sex, typical drinking, participant/experimenter gender matching, and expectancies of alcohol analgesia.

Results

30.9 % of participants had non-zero BrACs, with an average of 0.038 g/dL. Average pain threshold was 3.58 kgf/cm². Higher BrAC predicted greater pain threshold in both the whole sample (b = 0.145, p = 0.001, η²_p = 0.07) and those participants with non-zero BrACs (b = 0.184, p = 0.009, η²_p = 0.18). Men had significant greater pain thresholds than women (p = 0.007, η²_p = 0.052), but no other covariates reached significance. Addition of quadratic and cubic BrAC terms did not improve model fit.

Discussion

Results suggest a significant, dose-dependent association of alcohol use with increased pain threshold, independent of age, sex, number of reported pain conditions, participant/experimenter gender matching, or beliefs regarding alcohol analgesia. The acute analgesic effects of alcohol may scale linearly with amount consumed, at least within the BrAC range observed in the study.

先前基于实验室的研究已经确定了急性酒精的显著镇痛作用。尽管这些研究提供了良好的实验控制，但在实际和道德上可以实现的酒精暴露范围方面，这些研究是有限的。本研究利用在公共场合自然饮酒引起的呼吸酒精浓度（BrAC）的异质性来提高对酒精镇痛的理解。我们假设BrAC与疼痛阈值显著正相关。方法：参与者是在上个月报告饮酒的2024年明尼苏达州博览会的参与者（N = 149, 55%为女性）。每个人都完成了第一背骨间肌压力痛阈的简短评估。BrAC使用标准呼气测醉仪测量。分层多元回归分析表明BrAC是疼痛阈值的预测因子，控制了包括临床疼痛、年龄、性别、典型饮酒、参与者/实验者性别匹配和酒精镇痛预期在内的协变量。结果：30.9%的参与者具有非零brac，平均为0.038 g/dL。平均疼痛阈值为3.58 kgf/cm2。BrAC越高，整个样本（b = 0.145, p = 0.001, η2p = 0.07）和非BrAC为零的参与者（b = 0.184, p = 0.009, η2p = 0.18）的疼痛阈值越高。男性的疼痛阈值显著高于女性（p = 0.007, η2p = 0.052），但其他协变量均无显著性差异。二次和三次BrAC项的加入并没有改善模型拟合。讨论：结果表明，酒精使用与疼痛阈值增加存在显著的剂量依赖性关联，与年龄、性别、报告的疼痛状况数量、参与者/实验者性别匹配或关于酒精镇痛的信念无关。至少在研究中观察到的BrAC范围内，酒精的急性镇痛作用可能与饮酒量成线性关系。

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引用次数: 0

Browsing problematic social media use in autism spectrum disorder: The role of social anxiety 浏览自闭症谱系障碍中有问题的社交媒体使用：社交焦虑的作用。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108225

Ramona Cardillo , Claudia Marino , Mara Collini , Alessio Vieno , Marcantonio M. Spada , Irene C. Mammarella

Accessing the Internet is one of the most frequent free-time activities among autistic and non-autistic adolescents. Autistic individuals may experience communicative benefits from using the Internet. However, they may also be at risk of developing Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU). To date, PSMU in autistic adolescents remains underinvestigated, and no research has analyzed the role of emotional correlates. The present study aims to investigate possible differences in terms of PSMU comparing autistic participants to their non-autistic peers, and examine the role of two dimensions of social anxiety (i.e., humiliation/refusal and performance anxiety) as reported by both children and parents in worsening the levels of PSMU. A total of 183 participants (76 on the autism spectrum), aged (8–17 years) participated in the study. Questionnaires on social media use and on social anxiety were administered. Moreover, parents of the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire related to their children’s social anxiety. Results showed similar levels of PSMU across the two groups. However, a different pattern of relationships between PSMU and age, and the two dimensions of social anxiety was observed in autistic adolescents as compared to the non-autistic peers, revealing that individual characteristics and specific social anxiety beliefs might be relevant to understanding PSMU in autism. The clinical and preventive implications of these findings are discussed.

上网是自闭症和非自闭症青少年最常见的业余活动之一。自闭症患者可能会从使用互联网中体验到交流的好处。然而，他们也可能有患上社交媒体使用问题（PSMU）的风险。迄今为止，自闭症青少年的PSMU仍未得到充分调查，也没有研究分析过情绪相关因素的作用。本研究旨在探讨自闭症被试与非自闭症被试在PSMU方面可能存在的差异，并探讨儿童和家长所报告的社交焦虑的两个维度（即羞辱/拒绝和表现焦虑）在PSMU水平恶化中的作用。共有183名参与者（76名自闭症患者）参加了这项研究，年龄在8-17岁之间。对社交媒体使用和社交焦虑进行问卷调查。此外，参与者的父母被要求完成一份与他们孩子的社交焦虑有关的问卷。结果显示，两组患者的PSMU水平相似。然而，与非自闭症青少年相比，自闭症青少年的PSMU与年龄和社交焦虑的两个维度之间存在不同的关系模式，这表明个体特征和特定的社交焦虑信念可能与理解自闭症的PSMU有关。这些发现的临床和预防意义进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Latent transition analysis of use frequencies for multiple nicotine and tobacco products among US adults 美国成年人多种尼古丁和烟草产品使用频率的潜在转变分析

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108217

Ritesh Mistry PhD , Irina Bondarenko , Jihyoun Jeon , Andrew F. Brouwer , Evelyn Jimenez Mendoza , David T. Levy , Michael R. Elliott , Jamie Tam , Nancy L. Fleischer , Rafael Meza

Background

Given the many nicotine and tobacco products in use, studies of the interdependence of use patterns and transitions are needed.

Methods

Using Waves 1–4 of the PATH Study, we analyzed latent transitions among adults who ever regularly used nicotine or tobacco products at Wave 1 to identify latent use states (n = 12,358) and estimated one-wave transition probabilities. Multinomial logistic regression identified demographic factors associated with transitions.

Results

We identified seven latent states: Non-current (42.5% in Wave 1); Daily Cigarette (29.7%); Non-daily Cigarette (9.8%); Daily Cigarette and Non-daily Polytobacco (DCNP, 7.4%), Daily Smokeless Tobacco (SLT, 4.9%); Non-daily Cigar (3.2%); and Daily ENDS (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems) and Non-daily Cigarette (DENC, 2.4%). Among Daily Cigarette, 93% did not transition, 2.2% transitioned to Non-daily cigarette, 1.7% to DENC, and 2.2% to Non-current. Among DENC, 87.4% did not transition, 7.3% transitioned to Daily Cigarette, and 3.8% to Non-current. Lower income was associated with lower odds of transitioning from Daily Cigarette and DCNP to Non-daily Cigarette and DENC use. Lower education was associated with higher odds of relapse. Non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely than Non-Hispanic Whites to transition from Daily Cigarette to DCNP and less likely to transition to DENC.

Conclusions

Most individuals remained in their latent use state. The polytobacco and non-daily use states were most likely to transition. Non-Hispanic Blacks were more likely to make harmful transitions, and lower socioeconomic status was associated with a lower probability of transitioning to less harmful states. These differences in transitions may influence tobacco- and nicotine-related health disparities.

背景：鉴于使用中的尼古丁和烟草制品很多，需要对使用模式和过渡之间的相互依赖性进行研究。方法使用PATH研究的波1 - 4，我们分析了在波1中经常使用尼古丁或烟草制品的成年人的潜在转变，以确定潜在的使用状态（n = 12,358），并估计了一波转变概率。多项逻辑回归确定了与转型相关的人口因素。结果我们确定了7种潜在状态：非电流（42.5%为波1）；每日吸烟（29.7%）；非日常香烟（9.8%）；每日卷烟和非每日复合烟草（DCNP, 7.4%），每日无烟烟草（SLT, 4.9%）；非日常雪茄（3.2%）；每日电子尼古丁传递系统和非每日香烟（DENC, 2.4%）。在每日吸烟人群中，93%的人没有转变，2.2%的人转变为非每日吸烟，1.7%的人转变为DENC， 2.2%的人转变为非当前吸烟。在DENC中，87.4%没有过渡，7.3%过渡到每日吸烟，3.8%过渡到非当前吸烟。收入越低，从每日吸烟和使用DCNP过渡到非每日吸烟和使用DENC的几率越低。受教育程度越低，复发的几率越高。非西班牙裔黑人比非西班牙裔白人更有可能从每日吸烟过渡到DCNP，而不太可能过渡到DENC。结论大多数人仍处于潜在使用状态。多烟草和非日常使用状态最有可能转变。非西班牙裔黑人更有可能做出有害的转变，而较低的社会经济地位与较低的过渡到不那么有害的状态的可能性有关。这些转变的差异可能影响烟草和尼古丁相关的健康差异。

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引用次数: 0

Qualitative interviews with young adults at risk for psychosis and who use Cannabis: Informing the development of a mobile intervention 对有精神病风险并吸食大麻的年轻人进行定性访谈：为移动干预措施的开发提供依据

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108216

Jennifer E. Merrill , Ethan Moitra , Kayla Giorlando , Elizabeth M. Olsen , Avery Leigland , Ana M. Abrantes , Laura Whiteley

Cannabis use disorder is common among young adults in psychiatric care, particularly those at risk for psychosis. Yet, interventions tailored to address this issue are limited. The goal of this qualitative study was to determine barriers and facilitators for reducing/quitting cannabis use, and to obtain end-user perspectives to inform a mobile app-based intervention. Twenty young adults (60% female) at high-risk for psychosis who use cannabis completed a brief survey and individual qualitative interview. Results of thematic analysis revealed five barriers (i.e., cannabis to cope, social influences, dependence symptoms, easy access, ambivalence about change) and four facilitators (e.g., experienced/feared consequences, focusing on motivation, social support, coping skills) to cutting down/quitting cannabis. Regarding mobile intervention development, participants recommended high-level personalization and content features such as goal setting, self-monitoring, coping skills, and affirming messages. Additionally, they suggested the intervention be visually appealing and interactive. To assist high-risk youth in reducing/quitting cannabis use, it is important to consider the unique barriers they face in doing so, as well as their specific preferences for the development of a mobile intervention.

大麻使用障碍在接受精神病治疗的年轻人中很常见，尤其是那些有精神病风险的人。然而，针对这一问题的干预措施却很有限。这项定性研究的目的是确定减少/戒除大麻使用的障碍和促进因素，并了解最终用户的观点，为基于手机应用的干预措施提供依据。20 名使用大麻的精神病高危青年（60% 为女性）完成了一项简短调查和个人定性访谈。主题分析结果显示了减少/戒除大麻的五个障碍（即用大麻来应对、社会影响、依赖症状、容易获得、对改变的矛盾心理）和四个促进因素（如经历/害怕后果、注重动机、社会支持、应对技巧）。关于移动干预的开发，与会者建议开发高级别的个性化内容，如目标设定、自我监控、应对技巧和肯定性信息。此外，他们还建议干预措施应具有视觉吸引力和互动性。要帮助高危青少年减少/戒除大麻使用，重要的是要考虑到他们在这样做时面临的独特障碍，以及他们对开发移动干预的具体偏好。

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引用次数: 0

Cannabis use regimens in trauma-exposed individuals: Associations with cannabis use quantity and frequency 受创伤者的大麻使用方案：与大麻使用数量和频率的关系。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108203

T. Snooks , P.G. Tibbo , P. Romero-Sanchiz , S. DeGrace , S.H. Stewart

People with trauma histories have an increased odds of cannabis use. Little is known about the frequency or consequences of different cannabis use regimens in cannabis users with trauma histories. Individuals with anxiety disorders tend to administer benzodiazepines in a pro re nata (PRN; i.e., as needed) as opposed to regularly scheduled (RS, e.g., twice daily [BID], three times daily [TID]) manner. Although physicians tend to prescribe benzodiazepines on a PRN regimen to minimize use, this regimen is paradoxically associated with greater use levels. Indeed, PRN administration regimens may increase use via negative reinforcement processes. We extended this older benzodiazepine literature to cannabis by examining regimen of cannabis use among 94 trauma-exposed cannabis users (mean age = 35.1 years; 52.1 % male; 23.4 % with cannabis prescription). Participants reported their initial and current cannabis use regimen (PRN vs. RS vs. both [‘PRN+’]) and their past month cannabis use frequency (use occasions in last month) and quantity (grams/use occasion). Consistent with patterns in benzodiazepine research, PRN (47.1 % of sample) and PRN+ (43.5 % of sample) were more common than RS regimens (9.4 % of sample). Also consistent with patterns seen with benzodiazepines, our sample moved toward PRN regimens from initial to current use: e.g., 100 % of initial RS users switched to a regimen that included PRN use. Consistent with predictions emerging from learning theory, PRN and PRN+ cannabis users reported significantly higher cannabis use frequencies compared to RS users (p’s < 0.01). Unexpectedly, there were no significant differences between cannabis use regimen groups for quantity of cannabis/occasion. While limited by their cross-sectional nature, with longitudinal replication, result may have implications for identifying cannabis use regimens that minimize frequency of use and thereby reduce risk for negative health outcomes.

有心理创伤史的人吸食大麻的几率会增加。对于有心理创伤史的大麻使用者使用不同大麻疗法的频率或后果，人们知之甚少。患有焦虑症的人倾向于根据需要（PRN；即按需）而非定期（RS，例如每日两次 [BID]、每日三次 [TID]）服用苯二氮卓类药物。虽然医生倾向于按照 PRN 方案开具苯二氮卓类药物，以尽量减少用药量，但与之矛盾的是，这种方案的用药量却更大。事实上，PRN 给药方案可能会通过负强化过程增加用药量。我们通过研究 94 名受过创伤的大麻使用者（平均年龄 = 35.1 岁；52.1% 为男性；23.4% 有大麻处方）的大麻使用方案，将这一较早的苯二氮卓文献延伸到大麻领域。参与者报告了他们最初和当前使用大麻的方式（PRN vs. RS vs. 两者皆有['PRN+']）以及上个月使用大麻的频率（上个月使用次数）和数量（克/次）。与苯二氮卓研究的模式一致，PRN（占样本的 47.1%）和 PRN+（占样本的 43.5%）比 RS 方案（占样本的 9.4%）更常见。与苯二氮卓类药物的使用模式一致，我们的样本从最初使用到目前使用的过程中也逐渐转向 PRN 方案：例如，100% 的最初 RS 使用者转而使用包括 PRN 在内的方案。与学习理论的预测一致，PRN 和 PRN+ 大麻使用者报告的大麻使用频率明显高于 RS 使用者（P's

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引用次数: 0