National Academy Science Letters最新文献

A study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic diversity through RAPD markers among 33 genotypes of naturally grown lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) found in Bihar (India). A significant amount of polymorphism was detected by 21 RAPD primers. Among the genetic variation statistics, the highest values of number of polymorphic loci (32), polymorphic loci percent (96.97%), observed number of alleles (Na) 1.97, and effective number of alleles (Ne) 1.85 were analyzed. Nei’s gene diversity ranged from 0.29 (OPL-04) to 0.44 (OPL-05), with an average value of 0.38 indicating a moderate level of variability. Shannon’s information index (I) 0.61, and polymorphic information content (PIC) 0.72 were observed. UPGMA similarity dendrogram was generated from RAPD genomic data. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.52 to 0.86 for 33 lotus genotypes. All genotypes were grouped in two clusters. Cluster I with BRL-01 and BRL-08 were presented as highly diverse genotypes recognized with 120.80 and 118.40 number of petals in white colour, and in Cluster II genotype BRL-21 and BRL-22 were presented as diverse genotypes with 111.80 and 111.20 numbers of petals per flower in pink colour. Overall, a moderate degree of genetic diversity was ascertained among all 33 genotypes used in the study.

Mango (Mangifera indica) is one of the most important tropical fruit crops cultivated across the world, including India. Morphological and phenotypic variations among the existing cultivars are essential parameters for assessing the genetic diversity of any crop for their further use in any systematic breeding programme. In this experiment, twenty five mango genotypes were assessed for different morpho-phenological attributes. Maximum male flower (95.51%) was recorded in G-37 genotype while maximum hermaphrodite flower (17.38%) with highest fruit retention (50.00%) was observed in G-03 genotype. However, highest sex ratio (31.83) was calculated in G-22 followed by G-11 (22.08) genotypes. The highest fruit set per panicle (8.00) was registered in G-18 followed by G-22 and G-12 genotypes. Consequently, maximum number of fruits per plant (140.00) was recorded in G-18 followed by G-22 (125.00). While maximum peel, pulp and stone weight were noticed in G-44 with highest pulp: stone ratio (7.27) in G-12 genotypes. Accordingly, the results of the present investigation recommends that G-18 and G-22 are the best suited genotypes for their utilization in the future mango breeding programme for improving the yield of the hybrids under the environmental conditions of Bihar, India.

Identifying and utilizing stress-induced plant functional trait(s) are essential for developing stress-tolerant cultivars. This study investigated the impact of deficit-water conditions on post-anthesis assimilate and nutrient remobilization efficiencies, grain yield and quality of rice, utilizing three soil-water regimes by irrigation scheduled at 1, 3, and 6 day(s) after the disappearance of ponding water (DADPW). Assimilate and nutrient remobilization were determined based on assimilate (dry biomass) of different plant parts (leaf, stem, root, filled-grain, chaff) and their corresponding nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorus) at anthesis and maturity. Results showed that varying water regimes had an equivalent effect on post-anthesis assimilate nitrogen and phosphorus remobilization. However, both assimilate and nutrient remobilization efficiencies, as well as their contributions to grain, were significantly enhanced under deficit-water conditions, with a stronger effect observed under prolonged water-deficit (6-DADPW). The efficiency of nutrient/assimilate remobilization found in the order: phosphorus (46–50%) > nitrogen (24–29%) > dry matter (15–19%). Both moderate (3-DADPW) and prolonged (6-DADPW) deficit-water conditions reduced yield by 10% and 35% compared to 1-DADPW. Hence, the elevated scale of assimilates and nutrient remobilizations under water-deficit conditions suggests post-anthesis remobilization traits deserve special consideration in selecting/breeding stress-tolerant cultivar(s).

In this study, we introduce and assess a novel feature extraction technique that analyzes the extent of character image boundaries to enhance recognition accuracy. This method is evaluated in conjunction with Nearest Neighbors (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, and compared against various feature selection methods including Consistency Based Analysis (CBA), Correlation Feature Set (CFS), Chi-Squared Attribute (CSA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Random Projection (RP). Our extensive experiments demonstrate that CSA consistently outperforms the other techniques, achieving high recognition rates of 90.4%, 96.1%, and 92.9% for lower zone, middle zone, and upper zone characters, respectively, when using the NN classifier. The authors have selected the Nearest Neighbors (NN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers based on their widely use and effectiveness in character recognition tasks. NN was chosen for its simplicity and intuitive approach, while SVM was selected for its robust performance in high-dimensional spaces and its ability to find an optimal decision boundary. The feature selection methods were chosen based on their established relevance and effectiveness in previous research. These results highlight CSA’s superiority and suggest that expanding the dataset could further enhance recognition accuracy, contributing to the robustness of future OCR applications.

Accumulation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) poses a significant threat in the current world, specifically for more populated countries like India. It affects the environment and ecological systems due to improper disposal and dumping. WEEE must be processed with proper mechanisms to enable its reuse or further recycling. This processing of WEEE requires efficient disassembly planning based on the condition of the parts. In this work, an optimal way of disassembling uncertain End-of-Life (EoL) products has been proposed. This work introduces a novel framework for efficient handling of uncertain data, followed by a hybridized metaheuristics algorithm for sequence planning, specifically tailored for selective disassembly. In the first stage, the product’s uncertain data, represented as fuzzy numbers, are processed using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), and the Parts Quality Index (PQI) is calculated. Subsequently, in the second stage, the PQI, together with other product data, is processed using the proposed novel Harmonized Cuckoo Search Algorithm (HCSA), generating the final sequence for disassembling parts with high quality and economic value.

Two specimens of spiny waspfish, Ablabys macracanthus (Bleeker, 1852) was recorded for the first time from Veraval fishing harbour, North west coast of India. The specimens were collected from the byctach of the bottom trawler operated at depth of 10–30 m and the specimens measured 56 & 67 mm SL. From the Indian coast, A. macracanthus is previously reported from the Tamil Nadu region, southeast India and not from the west coast of India. The manuscript deals with the detailed morphometrics and range extension of A. macracanthus from the Gujarat, Northern Arabian Sea.

Machaerota planitiae Distant is reported as new insect-pest feeding on aonla, Emblica officinalis Gaertn from Punjab, India. Damage on twigs was observed along with its spittle tubes formed by nymphs. The population dynamics of spittlebug were also studied at two locations viz., Ludhiana and Bathinda. About 02.1–13.2 and 02.1–08.9 per cent infestation in inflorescences, 05.8–19.5 and 2.4–18.1 tubes per branch and 03.2–15.3 and 01.1–12.1 nymphs per branch were observed at Ludhiana and Bathinda, respectively. This is the first report of occurrence of M. planitiae on aonla, E. officinalis as host plant from Indian region.

For a positive and peace of mind, the family environment will play a crucial role. In the present paper, it is analyzed that the family environment of women police of Chennai city for which 10 features are observed from 578 respondent. The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the factor “family Support” and “Disclose Feelings” have greater significant level from the neutral reply “Neither disagree nor agree” whereas the remaining are significantly different from the neutral reply. The structural equation modelling is then proposed and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) for the proposed model are respectively 0.083 and 0.054. These values indicate that the proposed model is good.