Pub Date : 2021-05-29DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.110141
A. Andrade, Laisa Marina Rosa Rey, I. C. Santos, Lucas Toniolo da Silva, Sarah Gabriella Delallo Charnovski, N. Merlini, D. Gonçalves
Background : Anophthalmia is a rare, congenital condition, defined as the complete absence of the eye bulb due to inadequate growth of the vesicle or optic dome. The malformation can be primary (in the absence of complete), secondary (in the presence of only residual tissue), or degenerative (in which the eye begins to form, but for some reason, it begins to degenerate). This condition is rare in dogs, cats, cattle, and sheep. Microscopic evaluation of orbital tissue for identification is always recommended. The aim of this study was to report a case of bilateral anophthalmia in a domestic cat. Case : A feline male, healthy, Maine Coon breed with 60 days of life was attended at the one veterinary private clinic. The cat, negative for FIV and FeLV, was born in a commercial cattery, belonging to his mother's third litter, healthy litter with the exception of this feline. He arrived with a complaint of not opening his eyelids, like the rest of the litter. In the clinical examination, it was found the normality of vital signs, absence of other visible anatomical abnormalities, only the ocular region was observed with closed eyelids. The initial suspicions were anophthalmia and microphthalmia. The patient was referred for an ocular ultrasound, which showed the complete absence of the right and left eye bulbs. The right and left orbital cavities had only a volume of soft, amorphous, and predominantly homogeneous tissue. After the ultrasound report, the patient underwent a surgical procedure to remove a fragment of tissue from the eye socket, which was sent for histopathological examination to confirm anophthalmia and discard the differential diagnosis of microphthalmia. Microscopy revealed immature, epithelial, and glandular tissue in the middle of discrete and moderate connective tissue, loosely arranged. In some fragments, cartilaginous tissue was also revealed. Thus, the histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues and without neoplastic characteristics. The diagnosis of secondary anophthalmia was reached with use of ultrasound and histological reports. Discussion : Congenital malformations in domestic cats are less frequent than in dogs, some of which are rare, and little reported. Secondary anophthalmia in the reported patient was confirmed by histological and ultrasound examination. Bilateral secondary anophthalmia is characterized by the absence of the eyeball, but with the presence of adjacent tissue. The animal was submitted to an ocular ultrasound examination and the complete absence of ocular bulbs was found. The differential diagnosis of microphthalmia was ruled out because there was no evidence of the eyeball. Microphthalmia is a common congenital ophthalmic disorder in veterinary medicine. Representative fragments were submitted to histopathological examination, where immature, epithelial tissue was found. In some fragments sent for analysis, cartilaginous tissue was observed. The histological findings are comp
{"title":"Bilateral Anophthalmia in Feline","authors":"A. Andrade, Laisa Marina Rosa Rey, I. C. Santos, Lucas Toniolo da Silva, Sarah Gabriella Delallo Charnovski, N. Merlini, D. Gonçalves","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.110141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.110141","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Anophthalmia is a rare, congenital condition, defined as the complete absence of the eye bulb due to inadequate growth of the vesicle or optic dome. The malformation can be primary (in the absence of complete), secondary (in the presence of only residual tissue), or degenerative (in which the eye begins to form, but for some reason, it begins to degenerate). This condition is rare in dogs, cats, cattle, and sheep. Microscopic evaluation of orbital tissue for identification is always recommended. The aim of this study was to report a case of bilateral anophthalmia in a domestic cat. Case : A feline male, healthy, Maine Coon breed with 60 days of life was attended at the one veterinary private clinic. The cat, negative for FIV and FeLV, was born in a commercial cattery, belonging to his mother's third litter, healthy litter with the exception of this feline. He arrived with a complaint of not opening his eyelids, like the rest of the litter. In the clinical examination, it was found the normality of vital signs, absence of other visible anatomical abnormalities, only the ocular region was observed with closed eyelids. The initial suspicions were anophthalmia and microphthalmia. The patient was referred for an ocular ultrasound, which showed the complete absence of the right and left eye bulbs. The right and left orbital cavities had only a volume of soft, amorphous, and predominantly homogeneous tissue. After the ultrasound report, the patient underwent a surgical procedure to remove a fragment of tissue from the eye socket, which was sent for histopathological examination to confirm anophthalmia and discard the differential diagnosis of microphthalmia. Microscopy revealed immature, epithelial, and glandular tissue in the middle of discrete and moderate connective tissue, loosely arranged. In some fragments, cartilaginous tissue was also revealed. Thus, the histological findings are compatible with immature, pseudoformed tissues and without neoplastic characteristics. The diagnosis of secondary anophthalmia was reached with use of ultrasound and histological reports. Discussion : Congenital malformations in domestic cats are less frequent than in dogs, some of which are rare, and little reported. Secondary anophthalmia in the reported patient was confirmed by histological and ultrasound examination. Bilateral secondary anophthalmia is characterized by the absence of the eyeball, but with the presence of adjacent tissue. The animal was submitted to an ocular ultrasound examination and the complete absence of ocular bulbs was found. The differential diagnosis of microphthalmia was ruled out because there was no evidence of the eyeball. Microphthalmia is a common congenital ophthalmic disorder in veterinary medicine. Representative fragments were submitted to histopathological examination, where immature, epithelial tissue was found. In some fragments sent for analysis, cartilaginous tissue was observed. The histological findings are comp","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48447826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.112591
H. Rizzo, M. Balaro, A. C. D. Matos, Z. I. Lobato, L. Gregory
Background: Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted by midges from the genus Culicoides. The disease can infect most of the ruminant and camelid species, but the severe disease is most often seen in european wool and mutton sheep breeds. In this sense, there is a gap in the knowledge on BTV infection in hair sheep breeds from tropical zones. Thus, this study aimed at establishing whether exposure to BTV is a risk factor for reproductive failure in Santa Inês ewes, a hair sheep breed, reared under tropical conditions in Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in sheep farms in São Paulo state, Brazil, after the rainy season. Serum samples from 110 Santa Inês ewes with a history of reproductive disorders, in the last 6 months, which were included: abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, retention of placenta, infertility, estrus repetition, fetal malformation, weak lamb birth and neonatal death were collected. The presence of antibodies against BTV was assessed by agar gel immunodiffusion method (AGID). Serology to the infectious agents Brucela ovis, Lepstopira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Campylobacter sp. were also assessed. Bivariate associations between the outcome and individual explanatory variables were assessed using the Fisher’s exact test. Abortion was the most common reproductive disorder (53%; 74/139) observed, followed by estrus repetition (12%; 17/139) and infertility (11%; 15/139). Other disorders related to the conceptus totaled nearly one fourth of the reported disorders. A total of 20% (22/110) of the ewes were seropositive to BTV. A higher frequency of BTV seropositive than BTV seronegative ewes with a history of abortion was found. Also, abortion with seroreactivity to BTV was tested for prevalence ratio that showed 1.38 [95% CI 1.10-1.74; P = 0.030]. With regards to the abortion involvement of other infectious diseases associated with the seropositive ewes to BTV, more than a half of ewes (53%; 10/19) were solely seropositive for BTV. Discussion: In the current study, it was detected 20% (22/110) of seropositive ewes to BTV. These findings demonstrated that even though the BTV has been considered endemic in tropical countries such as Brazil, there are regions or microclimates in which the virus cannot be present or in varied prevalence. The history of abortion was identified as the potential factor associated with BTV seropositivity in Santa Ines ewes. Equally, the differential diagnosis for other infectious agents related to abortion demonstrated the unique presence of antibodies against BTV in more than half of all cases. Other studies with native sheep flocks in Iran and Nepal also demonstrated a strong positive correlation between abortion history and seropositivity for BTV. Thus, it is possible that in other continents of the world, under tropical conditions, the virus does not behave the same asymptomatic infection such as have been reporte
{"title":"Is Bluetongue Virus a Risk Factor for Reproductive Failure in Tropical Hair Sheep in Brazil?","authors":"H. Rizzo, M. Balaro, A. C. D. Matos, Z. I. Lobato, L. Gregory","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.112591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.112591","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease transmitted by midges from the genus Culicoides. The disease can infect most of the ruminant and camelid species, but the severe disease is most often seen in european wool and mutton sheep breeds. In this sense, there is a gap in the knowledge on BTV infection in hair sheep breeds from tropical zones. Thus, this study aimed at establishing whether exposure to BTV is a risk factor for reproductive failure in Santa Inês ewes, a hair sheep breed, reared under tropical conditions in Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in sheep farms in São Paulo state, Brazil, after the rainy season. Serum samples from 110 Santa Inês ewes with a history of reproductive disorders, in the last 6 months, which were included: abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, retention of placenta, infertility, estrus repetition, fetal malformation, weak lamb birth and neonatal death were collected. The presence of antibodies against BTV was assessed by agar gel immunodiffusion method (AGID). Serology to the infectious agents Brucela ovis, Lepstopira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Campylobacter sp. were also assessed. Bivariate associations between the outcome and individual explanatory variables were assessed using the Fisher’s exact test. Abortion was the most common reproductive disorder (53%; 74/139) observed, followed by estrus repetition (12%; 17/139) and infertility (11%; 15/139). Other disorders related to the conceptus totaled nearly one fourth of the reported disorders. A total of 20% (22/110) of the ewes were seropositive to BTV. A higher frequency of BTV seropositive than BTV seronegative ewes with a history of abortion was found. Also, abortion with seroreactivity to BTV was tested for prevalence ratio that showed 1.38 [95% CI 1.10-1.74; P = 0.030]. With regards to the abortion involvement of other infectious diseases associated with the seropositive ewes to BTV, more than a half of ewes (53%; 10/19) were solely seropositive for BTV. Discussion: In the current study, it was detected 20% (22/110) of seropositive ewes to BTV. These findings demonstrated that even though the BTV has been considered endemic in tropical countries such as Brazil, there are regions or microclimates in which the virus cannot be present or in varied prevalence. The history of abortion was identified as the potential factor associated with BTV seropositivity in Santa Ines ewes. Equally, the differential diagnosis for other infectious agents related to abortion demonstrated the unique presence of antibodies against BTV in more than half of all cases. Other studies with native sheep flocks in Iran and Nepal also demonstrated a strong positive correlation between abortion history and seropositivity for BTV. Thus, it is possible that in other continents of the world, under tropical conditions, the virus does not behave the same asymptomatic infection such as have been reporte","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.106584
M. C. Oliveira, M. Carvalho, Jade Manhãs de Souza Basto, Isabella Jennifer Viana Soares, G. C. Cid, Juliana Gomes Oliveira, A. P. Pires, M. F. Brito
Background : Angiolipoma is a benign tumor composed of endothelial cells and mature adipocytes. Tumors reported in domestic species include two variants; infiltrative or non-infiltrative. Bitches and intact males seem predisposed. This mesenchyme tumor is commonly mistaken with lipoma due to its soft texture and subcutaneous site and often requires histopathology to confirm its diagnosis. Microscopic examination also enables the evaluation of surgical margins and rule out possible infiltrative sites. Complete surgical excision is usually curative. This study reports a case of non-infiltrating angiolipoma in a dog. Case : A 14-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. On palpation, a painless mass was noted, with high mobility and covered by intact hirsute skin in the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. Computed tomography of the chest showed an expansive mass of uptake only from the edges of the soft tissues of the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. The mass was homogeneous and well delimited, suggesting a neoplastic process. Subsequently, the mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and sent for histopathological analysis. On macroscopic examination, the mass was well delimited, without skin coverage, and measured 2.3 × 1.9 × 0.6 cm. The consistency was smooth and unctuous in appearance with a compact cream-colored surface with blackish multifocal spots. Under microscopy, the histological sections showed neoplasm of mature adipocytes and of endothelial cells of blood vessels benign were filled with a marked amount of red blood cells. Multifocal fibrin thrombi and a mild inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and rare mast cells were evident. There was no infiltration in the regional skeletal musculature. Thus, a diagnosis of non-infiltrative angiolipoma was established. Discussion : The diagnosis of non-infiltrating angiolipoma in this case was established through the results of histopathological examination. The occurrence of this neoplasm in dogs is uncommon, and the data reported in the veterinary medicine literature are scarce. However, in this study, it was found that the neoplasm on screening presented a behavior like that of lipomas, with noninvasive growth and the absence of local recurrence. The canine species does not commonly convey pain on palpation during a clinical examination, as observed in the present case. In humans, multiple angiolipoma nodules are common; this clinical presentation differs from that in animals, in which solitary nodules are generally observed. In dogs, as in the present case, they seem to have a predilection for the trunk. In animals, the pathogenesis of angiolipomas is not established, but in humans, it is based on theories that include the reaction to harmful stimuli and congenital malformation of adipose tissue. In humans, the presence of fibrin thrombi on the periphery of the region of cell proliferation
{"title":"Angiolipoma in a Dog","authors":"M. C. Oliveira, M. Carvalho, Jade Manhãs de Souza Basto, Isabella Jennifer Viana Soares, G. C. Cid, Juliana Gomes Oliveira, A. P. Pires, M. F. Brito","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.106584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.106584","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Angiolipoma is a benign tumor composed of endothelial cells and mature adipocytes. Tumors reported in domestic species include two variants; infiltrative or non-infiltrative. Bitches and intact males seem predisposed. This mesenchyme tumor is commonly mistaken with lipoma due to its soft texture and subcutaneous site and often requires histopathology to confirm its diagnosis. Microscopic examination also enables the evaluation of surgical margins and rule out possible infiltrative sites. Complete surgical excision is usually curative. This study reports a case of non-infiltrating angiolipoma in a dog. Case : A 14-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary clinic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. On palpation, a painless mass was noted, with high mobility and covered by intact hirsute skin in the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. Computed tomography of the chest showed an expansive mass of uptake only from the edges of the soft tissues of the right subcutaneous ventrolateral region. The mass was homogeneous and well delimited, suggesting a neoplastic process. Subsequently, the mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and sent for histopathological analysis. On macroscopic examination, the mass was well delimited, without skin coverage, and measured 2.3 × 1.9 × 0.6 cm. The consistency was smooth and unctuous in appearance with a compact cream-colored surface with blackish multifocal spots. Under microscopy, the histological sections showed neoplasm of mature adipocytes and of endothelial cells of blood vessels benign were filled with a marked amount of red blood cells. Multifocal fibrin thrombi and a mild inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and rare mast cells were evident. There was no infiltration in the regional skeletal musculature. Thus, a diagnosis of non-infiltrative angiolipoma was established. Discussion : The diagnosis of non-infiltrating angiolipoma in this case was established through the results of histopathological examination. The occurrence of this neoplasm in dogs is uncommon, and the data reported in the veterinary medicine literature are scarce. However, in this study, it was found that the neoplasm on screening presented a behavior like that of lipomas, with noninvasive growth and the absence of local recurrence. The canine species does not commonly convey pain on palpation during a clinical examination, as observed in the present case. In humans, multiple angiolipoma nodules are common; this clinical presentation differs from that in animals, in which solitary nodules are generally observed. In dogs, as in the present case, they seem to have a predilection for the trunk. In animals, the pathogenesis of angiolipomas is not established, but in humans, it is based on theories that include the reaction to harmful stimuli and congenital malformation of adipose tissue. In humans, the presence of fibrin thrombi on the periphery of the region of cell proliferation","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45432892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.109636
H. Silva, N. Nunes, A. P. Gering, Pâmilla Gabrielle Alexandre Souza, Karina Perehouskei Albuquerque Salgado, O. R. Ferreira, Amanda Jury Nakamura, Anne Kaline da Silva Guimarães
Background : Osteosyntheses, orthopedic surgeries that cause highly painful stimulation, are increasingly common in veterinary medicine. Epidural anesthesia is used to provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in mammals undergoing pelvic limb surgery. In birds, the synsacrum, the bone originating from the fusion of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, makes this route inapplicable, thus peripheral nerve block is an easier option in this species. This report describes a case of local hypersensitivity following the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine in anesthetic blocks of the femoral and sciatic nerves in chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ). Case : A study was conducted in chickens evaluating the effectiveness of anesthetic sciatic and femoral nerve blocks, guided by a neural stimulator. Thirty-two 42-day-old male chickens of the species Gallus gallus domesticus , double breasted, weighing 1.86 ± 0.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups: control (CG), lidocaine (LG), bupivacaine (BC) and the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine (LBG). The doses used were 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine and 2 mg/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine, without vasoconstrictor. For CG, 0.9% NaCl solution was used, respecting the total volume of 1 mL/kg. Only one bird from the LBG showed side effects, presenting sensory and motor loss for 24 h after the administration of these drugs, before euthanasia was performed using anesthetic induction with isoflurane through a face mask, followed by the intravenous administration of propofol and then potassium chloride. The chicken was submitted to a necropsy and macroscopically, soft, irregular, brownish lesions with a grayish focus were observed, indicating areas of necrosis in the muscles adjacent to the femoral and sciatic nerves. Histopathological examination showed mild, active inflammatory migration with perivascular organization, highlighting the presence of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, segmented heterophiles, and areas of hemorrhagic foci. The pairs of nerves evaluated showed edematous areas, but no inflammatory infiltrate, a histopathological finding that is considered to be nonspecific. Discussion : In the case of the chicken with side effects, histopathological examination showed vasculitis and hemorrhagic areas, which were correlated with ischemia and focal tissue necrosis, together with edematous lesions in the nerves evaluated, and extremities that showed an inflammatory response. These changes are related to acute hypersensitivity lesions, the drug response and drug hypersensitivity. Local anesthetics have been widely used in birds, but there are reports of reactions, including neurotoxicity and local myotoxicity, and bupivacaine is the drug that shows the highest cytotoxicity. However, long-term, repeated applications of bupivacaine on the sciatic nerve do not induce degenerative neural lesions in rats, rabbits, and dogs. The reactions described here are proportional to the concentration of the anesthetic injected
{"title":"Hypersensitivity in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the Association of Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in Neural-Guided Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block","authors":"H. Silva, N. Nunes, A. P. Gering, Pâmilla Gabrielle Alexandre Souza, Karina Perehouskei Albuquerque Salgado, O. R. Ferreira, Amanda Jury Nakamura, Anne Kaline da Silva Guimarães","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.109636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.109636","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Osteosyntheses, orthopedic surgeries that cause highly painful stimulation, are increasingly common in veterinary medicine. Epidural anesthesia is used to provide intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in mammals undergoing pelvic limb surgery. In birds, the synsacrum, the bone originating from the fusion of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, makes this route inapplicable, thus peripheral nerve block is an easier option in this species. This report describes a case of local hypersensitivity following the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine in anesthetic blocks of the femoral and sciatic nerves in chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ). Case : A study was conducted in chickens evaluating the effectiveness of anesthetic sciatic and femoral nerve blocks, guided by a neural stimulator. Thirty-two 42-day-old male chickens of the species Gallus gallus domesticus , double breasted, weighing 1.86 ± 0.5 kg, were randomly divided into four groups: control (CG), lidocaine (LG), bupivacaine (BC) and the association of lidocaine and bupivacaine (LBG). The doses used were 4 mg/kg of 2% lidocaine and 2 mg/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine, without vasoconstrictor. For CG, 0.9% NaCl solution was used, respecting the total volume of 1 mL/kg. Only one bird from the LBG showed side effects, presenting sensory and motor loss for 24 h after the administration of these drugs, before euthanasia was performed using anesthetic induction with isoflurane through a face mask, followed by the intravenous administration of propofol and then potassium chloride. The chicken was submitted to a necropsy and macroscopically, soft, irregular, brownish lesions with a grayish focus were observed, indicating areas of necrosis in the muscles adjacent to the femoral and sciatic nerves. Histopathological examination showed mild, active inflammatory migration with perivascular organization, highlighting the presence of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, segmented heterophiles, and areas of hemorrhagic foci. The pairs of nerves evaluated showed edematous areas, but no inflammatory infiltrate, a histopathological finding that is considered to be nonspecific. Discussion : In the case of the chicken with side effects, histopathological examination showed vasculitis and hemorrhagic areas, which were correlated with ischemia and focal tissue necrosis, together with edematous lesions in the nerves evaluated, and extremities that showed an inflammatory response. These changes are related to acute hypersensitivity lesions, the drug response and drug hypersensitivity. Local anesthetics have been widely used in birds, but there are reports of reactions, including neurotoxicity and local myotoxicity, and bupivacaine is the drug that shows the highest cytotoxicity. However, long-term, repeated applications of bupivacaine on the sciatic nerve do not induce degenerative neural lesions in rats, rabbits, and dogs. The reactions described here are proportional to the concentration of the anesthetic injected","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-23DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.109092
Lara Bernardes Bizinoto, César Henrique Branco, I. Rosado, E. Alves, Ian Martin
Background : The reptile class could be considered one of the biggest vertebrate groups and are divided in orders and suborders according to their characteristics. These animals’ maintenance in captivity, either at home, captive bred or at zoos, can generate risk to their health, if the required cares are not given for each respective species. The lack of individual cares could lead to bone and muscular diseases and to traumatic lesions in soft tissues, mainly in the coelomic cavity. The report that is being presented aims to describe the case of a green iguana ( Iguana iguana ) that presented an increase of volume in the coelomic cavity. The animal belongs to the squad of the Zoo “Dr. Fabio de Sa Barreto”. Case : A green iguana arrived at the Zoo in February 2019 coming from another Zoo, with already an increase of volume in the coelomic cavity. The animal was put in quarantine and later on, it was put in display at a terrarium in the Zoo considered adequate to reptiles, with another seven green iguanas along with an argentine tegu ( Salvator rufescens ). Their feed was offered in the morning and was composed of fruits, vegetables and flowers like hibiscus. In the end of July 2019, it was reported by the attendant that the animal was presented with anorexia and prostration, and these symptoms progressed to neurologic signs, as it walked in circles. So, the animal was evaluated by the Zoo veterinarians and on exam they noticed lethargy, dehydration, absence of reflexes (pupillary, eyelid and painful), locomotion difficulty and when the iguana moves, it walks in circles. The increase in volume had the same size as reported in February and a soft consistency. After that, the animal was interned and treated according to the symptoms and the clinical evolution. Ten days after the hospitalization, the animal was still not eating, and locomotion stopped completely. It was performed in an ultrasonographic exam evaluating all the coelomic cavity, in which a great anechoic area was visualized, and a true hernia was diagnosed. However, the content of the hernia was not identified. In the next day, the animal died, and, in the necropsy, it was possible to verify that the increase in volume was actually a bladder eventration. The eventration occurred due to a laceration in the coelomic cavity musculature that allows the passage of the bladder to the subcutaneous space and its incarceration. So, the elimination of the urine and of nitrogen compounds was difficult and a large accumulation of uric acid from the bladder to the urodeo. Discussion : Iguana iguana is a uricotelic animal, which means that the main nitrogenous waste product is uric acid. Nevertheless, ammonia is also eliminated in less quantity, because of the excess of protein in the diet. These animals eliminate around 98 to 99% of the nitrogen compounds as uric acid and less than 1% as ammonia, which prove that it is possible for the accumulation of ammonia in reptiles, if any obstacle in its elim
背景:爬行类可以被认为是最大的脊椎动物类群之一，并根据其特征分为目和亚目。这些动物被圈养，无论是在家里、圈养繁殖还是在动物园，如果没有对每个物种给予必要的照顾，都可能对它们的健康造成风险。缺乏个人护理可能导致骨骼和肌肉疾病以及软组织(主要是体腔)的创伤性病变。正在提交的报告旨在描述一个绿鬣蜥(鬣蜥)的情况下，提出了体积增加在体腔。这只动物属于动物园“Dr. Fabio de Sa Barreto”小队。案例:一只绿鬣蜥于2019年2月从另一家动物园来到动物园，体腔内的体积已经增加。这只动物被隔离，后来，它被放在动物园的一个适合爬行动物的饲养室内，与另外7只绿鬣蜥和一只阿根廷tegu (Salvator rufescens)一起展出。它们的饲料是在早上提供的，由水果、蔬菜和木槿等花卉组成。2019年7月底，值班人员报告说，这只动物出现了厌食症和虚脱，这些症状在绕圈行走时进展为神经系统症状。因此，动物园的兽医对这只鬣蜥进行了评估，在检查中，他们发现它嗜睡、脱水、没有反射(瞳孔、眼睑和疼痛)、运动困难，当鬣蜥移动时，它会绕着圈走。成交量增幅与2月份持平，且持续疲软。之后，根据症状和临床进展情况对动物进行拘禁治疗。住院10天后，这只动物仍然不吃东西，完全停止了运动。在超声检查中评估了整个体腔，其中可见很大的消声区，诊断为真正的疝气。然而，疝的内容物尚未确定。第二天，这只动物死了，在尸检中，可以证实体积的增加实际上是膀胱渗漏。囊出是由于体腔肌肉组织的撕裂造成的，这使得膀胱可以通过皮下间隙并被嵌顿。所以尿液和氮化合物的排出是很困难的尿酸从膀胱大量积聚到泌尿道。讨论:鬣蜥鬣蜥是一种尿酸动物，这意味着主要的含氮废物是尿酸。然而，由于饮食中过量的蛋白质，氨的排泄量也较少。这些动物消除了大约98 - 99%的氮化合物尿酸和不到1%的氨，这证明了氨在爬行动物体内积累是可能的，如果存在消除氨的障碍的话。过量的氨对机体具有极大的毒性，可导致呕吐、易怒、嗜睡、厌食、共济失调、运动困难、行为和神经系统改变，并可发展为昏迷甚至死亡。在这个病例中，膀胱嵌顿使尿液、尿酸和氨无法排泄，这些化合物仍然积累。因此，临床症状，以及尸检结果，都表明氨积累中毒，这可能是导致动物出现症状并演变为神经系统症状，昏迷和死亡的原因。
{"title":"Eventration in Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)","authors":"Lara Bernardes Bizinoto, César Henrique Branco, I. Rosado, E. Alves, Ian Martin","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.109092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.109092","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The reptile class could be considered one of the biggest vertebrate groups and are divided in orders and suborders according to their characteristics. These animals’ maintenance in captivity, either at home, captive bred or at zoos, can generate risk to their health, if the required cares are not given for each respective species. The lack of individual cares could lead to bone and muscular diseases and to traumatic lesions in soft tissues, mainly in the coelomic cavity. The report that is being presented aims to describe the case of a green iguana ( Iguana iguana ) that presented an increase of volume in the coelomic cavity. The animal belongs to the squad of the Zoo “Dr. Fabio de Sa Barreto”. Case : A green iguana arrived at the Zoo in February 2019 coming from another Zoo, with already an increase of volume in the coelomic cavity. The animal was put in quarantine and later on, it was put in display at a terrarium in the Zoo considered adequate to reptiles, with another seven green iguanas along with an argentine tegu ( Salvator rufescens ). Their feed was offered in the morning and was composed of fruits, vegetables and flowers like hibiscus. In the end of July 2019, it was reported by the attendant that the animal was presented with anorexia and prostration, and these symptoms progressed to neurologic signs, as it walked in circles. So, the animal was evaluated by the Zoo veterinarians and on exam they noticed lethargy, dehydration, absence of reflexes (pupillary, eyelid and painful), locomotion difficulty and when the iguana moves, it walks in circles. The increase in volume had the same size as reported in February and a soft consistency. After that, the animal was interned and treated according to the symptoms and the clinical evolution. Ten days after the hospitalization, the animal was still not eating, and locomotion stopped completely. It was performed in an ultrasonographic exam evaluating all the coelomic cavity, in which a great anechoic area was visualized, and a true hernia was diagnosed. However, the content of the hernia was not identified. In the next day, the animal died, and, in the necropsy, it was possible to verify that the increase in volume was actually a bladder eventration. The eventration occurred due to a laceration in the coelomic cavity musculature that allows the passage of the bladder to the subcutaneous space and its incarceration. So, the elimination of the urine and of nitrogen compounds was difficult and a large accumulation of uric acid from the bladder to the urodeo. Discussion : Iguana iguana is a uricotelic animal, which means that the main nitrogenous waste product is uric acid. Nevertheless, ammonia is also eliminated in less quantity, because of the excess of protein in the diet. These animals eliminate around 98 to 99% of the nitrogen compounds as uric acid and less than 1% as ammonia, which prove that it is possible for the accumulation of ammonia in reptiles, if any obstacle in its elim","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48127201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.108850
Eric Orlando Barbosa Momesso, Carinne Liessi Brunato, Adriana Lima Teixeira
Background : Eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid is a rare congenital disease in cats. It is caused by the anterior eversion of the cartilage edge of the third eyelid. Clinical signs may be associated with secondary keratoconjunctivitis, third eyelid gland protrusion, and ocular surface irritation. The diagnosis is made by ophthalmic examination, and treatment consists of surgical resection of the everted cartilage portion. The goal of the present study was to report a case of eversion of third eyelid cartilage in a cat, given that it is an unusual abnormality in this animal species, and an important differential diagnosis to be considered in the disorders of the third eyelid. Case : A 6-year-old neutered female Persian cat was presented with a presumptive diagnosis of protrusion of the third eyelid gland, history of ocular irritation, and epiphora in the left eye. The disorder had been intermittently present since the animal was 1-year-old, with spontaneous disappearance after approximately 15 days. The owner related the reappearance of the disorder to stressful situations, with no previous history of trauma or other ocular alteration. During the ophthalmic examination, suspended solute was observed through biomiscroscopic examination in both eyes, as well as an increase in volume of the third eyelid in the left eye, without other changes. A thorough examination, under general anesthesia, indicated the protruding volume of the cartilage of the everted third eyelid. The third eyelid was pleated in its upper portion, demonstrating that the cartilage of the third eyelid was folded instead of following the curvature of the ocular surface. Under general anesthesia, the cartilage was partially removed through two parallel incisions on the bulbar conjunctival surface, divulsioning 5 mm in length in the vertical portion of the cartilage in a ‘T’ shape, and separating the conjunctiva from the underlying cartilage. The everted portion of cartilage, once removed, was in fact considered curved in its most dorsal portion, in a manner similar to what was reported in dogs. The third eyelid returned to its anatomically correct position after removing the deformed portion of the cartilage. The patient was treated postoperatively with topical drops of tobramycin and dexamethasone 3 mg/mL + 1 mg/mL (Tobradex ® ), and lubricant based on sodium hyaluronate 2 mg/mL (Hylo ® -Gel). No complications were observed in the postoperative consultations during a 8 month follow-up. Discussion : It is suspected that the eversion of the third eyelid cartilage occurs due to a differential growth rate between the posterior and anterior portions of the cartilage; even though other theories have been proposed. The cartilage of the third eyelid can commonly be everted in large dog breeds, being classified as a disease of hereditary character. However, it has rarely been reported in cats, which can be explained by the more elastic histological constitution when compared to t
{"title":"Eversion of the Third Eyelid Cartilage in a Cat","authors":"Eric Orlando Barbosa Momesso, Carinne Liessi Brunato, Adriana Lima Teixeira","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.108850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.108850","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Eversion of the cartilage of the third eyelid is a rare congenital disease in cats. It is caused by the anterior eversion of the cartilage edge of the third eyelid. Clinical signs may be associated with secondary keratoconjunctivitis, third eyelid gland protrusion, and ocular surface irritation. The diagnosis is made by ophthalmic examination, and treatment consists of surgical resection of the everted cartilage portion. The goal of the present study was to report a case of eversion of third eyelid cartilage in a cat, given that it is an unusual abnormality in this animal species, and an important differential diagnosis to be considered in the disorders of the third eyelid. Case : A 6-year-old neutered female Persian cat was presented with a presumptive diagnosis of protrusion of the third eyelid gland, history of ocular irritation, and epiphora in the left eye. The disorder had been intermittently present since the animal was 1-year-old, with spontaneous disappearance after approximately 15 days. The owner related the reappearance of the disorder to stressful situations, with no previous history of trauma or other ocular alteration. During the ophthalmic examination, suspended solute was observed through biomiscroscopic examination in both eyes, as well as an increase in volume of the third eyelid in the left eye, without other changes. A thorough examination, under general anesthesia, indicated the protruding volume of the cartilage of the everted third eyelid. The third eyelid was pleated in its upper portion, demonstrating that the cartilage of the third eyelid was folded instead of following the curvature of the ocular surface. Under general anesthesia, the cartilage was partially removed through two parallel incisions on the bulbar conjunctival surface, divulsioning 5 mm in length in the vertical portion of the cartilage in a ‘T’ shape, and separating the conjunctiva from the underlying cartilage. The everted portion of cartilage, once removed, was in fact considered curved in its most dorsal portion, in a manner similar to what was reported in dogs. The third eyelid returned to its anatomically correct position after removing the deformed portion of the cartilage. The patient was treated postoperatively with topical drops of tobramycin and dexamethasone 3 mg/mL + 1 mg/mL (Tobradex ® ), and lubricant based on sodium hyaluronate 2 mg/mL (Hylo ® -Gel). No complications were observed in the postoperative consultations during a 8 month follow-up. Discussion : It is suspected that the eversion of the third eyelid cartilage occurs due to a differential growth rate between the posterior and anterior portions of the cartilage; even though other theories have been proposed. The cartilage of the third eyelid can commonly be everted in large dog breeds, being classified as a disease of hereditary character. However, it has rarely been reported in cats, which can be explained by the more elastic histological constitution when compared to t","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42879259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-19DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.107402
Roseane Oliveira Feitosa, S. Gonçalves, J. D. O. Nascimento, Diana Guiomar Ferreira De Sena, E. Santos, M. F. Pereira, V. A. Júnior
Background : The chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm that originates from chemoreceptors located mainly in the aortic body, and carotid body and sinus, and responsible for detecting variations in blood pH, oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide. Dogs of brachiocephalic breeds and aged between 7 and 15 years have greater propensity. A neoplasm involves infiltrative growth in the vessels at the heart base, which leads to Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The definitive diagnosis is performed by histopathological and/or immunohistochemical examination. The aim was to report a case of chemiodectoma in a dog, showed the disease clinical characteristics. Case : A 13-year-old male undefined breed dog was examinated in the medical clinic of small animal of Veterinary Hospital, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) with respiratory effort, hyporexia, and edema in face, cervical, ventral thorax and thoracic limbs, with thirty days evoluted. About physical examination, we observed cachexia, orthopneic position, cyanosis and edema with a positive Godet sign, as well as 8% dehydration degree. Thoracic auscultation presented mixed dyspnea and muffled heart sounds. Chest radiography detected an radiopacity increase in pulmonary section and metastatic neoplastic process associated with pleural and pericardial effusion. Fluid therapy with lactated ringer and posterior thoracentesis in the right hemithorax region was performed for greater respiratory comfort for the patient. Hematological count and biochemical profiles stated normochromic normocytic anemia, relative and absolute lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The patient died after 12 hours when was submitted to necroscopic examination and histopathological evaluation. An infiltrative tumor of cardiac base was observed invading the light of the right atrium, obstructing the venous return, as well as a large thrombus located in the left ventricle and diffuse nodules in the lungs. Hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were observed with serous fluid, with hepatic, renal and brain congestion, and duodenum hemorrhage. Histologically, the tumor was characterized as a chemodectoma with pulmonary metastasis. Discussion : Cardiac tumors are uncommon for canine population. A study sampled 729,265 dogs with observed incidence reaching 0.19%. The most common type is hemangiosarcoma with 69%, followed by chemiodectoma and lymphoma. Authors describe predisposed brachycephalic breeds such as Boxer, Boston Terrier and French Bulldog. In our case, the patient had elongated snout and undefined breed. Deregulation of chemoreceptors, which detect changes in pH and partial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, can result in hyperpnea and dyspnoea. Edema represents a deficit in venous return from the cranial and cervical regions, with consequent increase in hydrostatic pressure and liquid leakage into the thoracic cavity and subcutaneous tissue, thus inf
{"title":"Chemodectoma in a Dog","authors":"Roseane Oliveira Feitosa, S. Gonçalves, J. D. O. Nascimento, Diana Guiomar Ferreira De Sena, E. Santos, M. F. Pereira, V. A. Júnior","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.107402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.107402","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm that originates from chemoreceptors located mainly in the aortic body, and carotid body and sinus, and responsible for detecting variations in blood pH, oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide. Dogs of brachiocephalic breeds and aged between 7 and 15 years have greater propensity. A neoplasm involves infiltrative growth in the vessels at the heart base, which leads to Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The definitive diagnosis is performed by histopathological and/or immunohistochemical examination. The aim was to report a case of chemiodectoma in a dog, showed the disease clinical characteristics. Case : A 13-year-old male undefined breed dog was examinated in the medical clinic of small animal of Veterinary Hospital, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) with respiratory effort, hyporexia, and edema in face, cervical, ventral thorax and thoracic limbs, with thirty days evoluted. About physical examination, we observed cachexia, orthopneic position, cyanosis and edema with a positive Godet sign, as well as 8% dehydration degree. Thoracic auscultation presented mixed dyspnea and muffled heart sounds. Chest radiography detected an radiopacity increase in pulmonary section and metastatic neoplastic process associated with pleural and pericardial effusion. Fluid therapy with lactated ringer and posterior thoracentesis in the right hemithorax region was performed for greater respiratory comfort for the patient. Hematological count and biochemical profiles stated normochromic normocytic anemia, relative and absolute lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The patient died after 12 hours when was submitted to necroscopic examination and histopathological evaluation. An infiltrative tumor of cardiac base was observed invading the light of the right atrium, obstructing the venous return, as well as a large thrombus located in the left ventricle and diffuse nodules in the lungs. Hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were observed with serous fluid, with hepatic, renal and brain congestion, and duodenum hemorrhage. Histologically, the tumor was characterized as a chemodectoma with pulmonary metastasis. Discussion : Cardiac tumors are uncommon for canine population. A study sampled 729,265 dogs with observed incidence reaching 0.19%. The most common type is hemangiosarcoma with 69%, followed by chemiodectoma and lymphoma. Authors describe predisposed brachycephalic breeds such as Boxer, Boston Terrier and French Bulldog. In our case, the patient had elongated snout and undefined breed. Deregulation of chemoreceptors, which detect changes in pH and partial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, can result in hyperpnea and dyspnoea. Edema represents a deficit in venous return from the cranial and cervical regions, with consequent increase in hydrostatic pressure and liquid leakage into the thoracic cavity and subcutaneous tissue, thus inf","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41379672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-18DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.111714
S. Yakan, O. Atakisi
Background: Incoming anaesthesia created by the use of many drugs with different physicochemical properties is a source of stress and trauma for the body. This event increases the oxidative response and changes the balance between oxidant/ antioxidant capacity in the organism in favor of oxidant capacity. This situation is defined as oxidative stress. For these reasons, studies are conducted to determine the effects of general anaesthetic agents on oxidant and antioxidant systems in the organism. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane used for general anaesthesia in humans and animals on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in calves. Materials, Methods & Results: The study included 14 calves of different breeds, ages, sexes, and weighing, average 2 weeks old. The cases randomly were divided into 2 groups, the isoflurane group (group I), and the sevoflurane group (group II), and each group included 7 animals. Before general anaesthesia, 0.04 mg/kg atropine was administered intramuscularly to all animals for premedication. At 15 min after atropine administration, isoflurane was administered at an inspiratory concentration of 3-5% in group I, and sevoflurane was administered at an inspiratory concentration of 5-7% in group II, via a face mask for 15 min for the induction of anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was performed in all cases at the 15 min of the induction period following the onset of general anaesthesia symptoms. After the induction, anaesthesia was continued at an inspiratory concentration of 1.5-3% in the isoflurane group and inspiratory concentration of 2.5-4% in the sevoflurane group. Blood samples were taken just before anaesthesia, just before skin incision, at the end of anaesthesia and surgery, and at the 24 h postoperatively. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured spectrophotometrically in samples. In group I, MDA and antioxidant parameters SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH did not observe a significant change in their concentrations through the study (P > 0.05). In group II, MDA value decreased significantly before incision (P < 0.05), at the end of anaesthesia and surgery compared to the pre-anaesthesia level (P < 0.001), and then although increased significantly at 24 h postoperatively, the value was still lower than the pre-anaestesia level (P < 0.05). It was determined that SOD activity increased significantly after sevoflurane compared to pre-anaesthesia (P < 0.05) however, the increases in SOD activity detected during sevoflurane were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). During the study, a statistically insignificant increase was observed in the concentrations of CAT, GSH-Px, GSH compared to pre-anaesthesia (P > 0.05). Pre-anaesthesia values of all measured biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). Before skin incision, at the
{"title":"Effects on the Lipid Peroxidation and the Antioxidant Defense Systems of the Use of Isoflurane or Sevoflurane in Calves Undergoing Surgery","authors":"S. Yakan, O. Atakisi","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.111714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.111714","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Incoming anaesthesia created by the use of many drugs with different physicochemical properties is a source of stress and trauma for the body. This event increases the oxidative response and changes the balance between oxidant/ antioxidant capacity in the organism in favor of oxidant capacity. This situation is defined as oxidative stress. For these reasons, studies are conducted to determine the effects of general anaesthetic agents on oxidant and antioxidant systems in the organism. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane used for general anaesthesia in humans and animals on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in calves. Materials, Methods & Results: The study included 14 calves of different breeds, ages, sexes, and weighing, average 2 weeks old. The cases randomly were divided into 2 groups, the isoflurane group (group I), and the sevoflurane group (group II), and each group included 7 animals. Before general anaesthesia, 0.04 mg/kg atropine was administered intramuscularly to all animals for premedication. At 15 min after atropine administration, isoflurane was administered at an inspiratory concentration of 3-5% in group I, and sevoflurane was administered at an inspiratory concentration of 5-7% in group II, via a face mask for 15 min for the induction of anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was performed in all cases at the 15 min of the induction period following the onset of general anaesthesia symptoms. After the induction, anaesthesia was continued at an inspiratory concentration of 1.5-3% in the isoflurane group and inspiratory concentration of 2.5-4% in the sevoflurane group. Blood samples were taken just before anaesthesia, just before skin incision, at the end of anaesthesia and surgery, and at the 24 h postoperatively. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured spectrophotometrically in samples. In group I, MDA and antioxidant parameters SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH did not observe a significant change in their concentrations through the study (P > 0.05). In group II, MDA value decreased significantly before incision (P < 0.05), at the end of anaesthesia and surgery compared to the pre-anaesthesia level (P < 0.001), and then although increased significantly at 24 h postoperatively, the value was still lower than the pre-anaestesia level (P < 0.05). It was determined that SOD activity increased significantly after sevoflurane compared to pre-anaesthesia (P < 0.05) however, the increases in SOD activity detected during sevoflurane were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). During the study, a statistically insignificant increase was observed in the concentrations of CAT, GSH-Px, GSH compared to pre-anaesthesia (P > 0.05). Pre-anaesthesia values of all measured biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). Before skin incision, at the ","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43679158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.108767
Mariana Andrade Mousquer, Leandro Americo Rafael, Nathalia De Oliveira Ferreira, Margarida Aires da Silva, Taís Scheffer del Pino, Cassiano Portela de Assis, B. da Rosa Curcio, Carlos Eduardo Wayne Nogueira
Background : Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is a progressive disease that causes acute onset of peripheral vestibular signs with or without facial paralysis. Ankylosis of temporhyoid joint occurs which predispose to fractures of the involved bones and consequently causes the commonly neurological signs observed. Clinical signs vary depending on the stage of the disease and the nerves affected. Surgical treatment is advised to improve survival rates in which the ceratohyoidectomy is currently known as the most advantageous. The aim of the present study is to report a case and outcome of a ceratohyoidectomy procedure in a Criollo mare presenting THO of the right temporohyoid joint. Case : A 17-year-old Criollo mare was referred to the Equine clinical hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas with a 5-day history of facial paralysis on the right side, head tilt and difficulty to chew and swallow. Auricular, palpebral and labial ptosis along with deviation of the lip and nostril to the left were observed. A corneal ulcer was also identified in the right eye. Complementary imaging exams (endoscopy of the guttural pouches and radiography of the head) were performed and showed thickening of the right stylohyoid bone confirming a diagnosis of THO. Anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy were administered and the corneal ulcer was treated with topical antibiotics and autologous serum. Due to rapid deterioration of clinical signs, the mare was referred to surgery. A ceratohyoidectomty procedure was performed under general anesthesia. In this procedure, the ceratohyoid bone was disarticulated from the ceratohyoid-basihyoid joint and removed. During the procedure, a branch of the linguofacial vein was accidentally incised causing hemorrhage, the branch was identified and successfully ligated. Recovery was uneventful. Supportive treatment with anti-inflammatory and antibiotics was continued after surgery and two sessions of electro-acupuncture was also performed to improve the nerve paralysis. The electro-acupuncture was discontinued due to mare’s negative behavior on needle insertion in the face. The treatment of the ulcer was changed since no improvement was observed in the first days. Twenty-eight days after hospitalization, the mare was discharged with the ulcer healed and significant improvement of neurological signs. A complete recovery occurred within three months. Discussion : The Criollo mare was referred to the hospital presenting mild neurological signs consistent with vestibular alteration and facial nerve paralysis. The THO diagnosis was confirmed using complementary imaging exams in which the endoscopy of the guttural pouch is considered the most common when computed tomography, a more sensitive one, is not available. Unilateral ceratohyoidectomy was performed as a surgical choice of treatment since it has a higher survival rate and lower recurrence rate in comparison to medical treatment and to stylohyoidectomy. As the main intraopera
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Pub Date : 2021-05-15DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.111906
Priscila de Paula Moreira, Marina Rodrigues Pereira Cardoso, I. Rosado, R. L. Sampaio, Fernanda de Oliveira Soares, Ian Martin, R. S. D. Rezende, E. Alves
Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles and fasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineum region. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence rates remain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU) from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the most relevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected. The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, body mass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120 cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgical techniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fisher's exact test was applied to assess the influence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were the most affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent with the most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was the most used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was the elevation of the internal shutter, which proved to be more efficient than the simple technique. Regardless of the technique used, the association of two or more techniques proved to be more efficient to reduce major complications. The use of the vaginal tunic stood out because it proved to be efficient in the treatment of perineal hernias regardless of whether it is associated with simple herniorrhaphy or obturator elevation. The surgical fixations of abdominal organs (Bladder, Ducto deferente and Colon) proved to be effective, since there were no recurrences or major complications associated with their use and the most used threads for herniorrhaphy were polyamide and catgut. Low recurrence rates were found in patients who received synthetic yarns. The most frequent complications were suture dehiscence and serous secretion.Discussion: Perineal hernia is a very important alteration due to difficulties in treatment, high rates of complications and recurrence, in addition to the large number of affected dogs. Several surgical techniques have already been proposed for the treatment of perineal hernia in d
{"title":"Perineal Hernia in Dogs","authors":"Priscila de Paula Moreira, Marina Rodrigues Pereira Cardoso, I. Rosado, R. L. Sampaio, Fernanda de Oliveira Soares, Ian Martin, R. S. D. Rezende, E. Alves","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.111906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.111906","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles and fasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineum region. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence rates remain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU) from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the most relevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected. The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, body mass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120 cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgical techniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fisher's exact test was applied to assess the influence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were the most affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent with the most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was the most used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was the elevation of the internal shutter, which proved to be more efficient than the simple technique. Regardless of the technique used, the association of two or more techniques proved to be more efficient to reduce major complications. The use of the vaginal tunic stood out because it proved to be efficient in the treatment of perineal hernias regardless of whether it is associated with simple herniorrhaphy or obturator elevation. The surgical fixations of abdominal organs (Bladder, Ducto deferente and Colon) proved to be effective, since there were no recurrences or major complications associated with their use and the most used threads for herniorrhaphy were polyamide and catgut. Low recurrence rates were found in patients who received synthetic yarns. The most frequent complications were suture dehiscence and serous secretion.Discussion: Perineal hernia is a very important alteration due to difficulties in treatment, high rates of complications and recurrence, in addition to the large number of affected dogs. Several surgical techniques have already been proposed for the treatment of perineal hernia in d","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47558865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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