Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.116675
Fernanda Iensen Farencena, C. Krebs, Giulia Brambila Girondi, Guilherme Rech Cassanego, L. Côrrea
Background: Pseudopterygium, also known as aberrant conjunctival growth, is poorly described in the literature, although it is known that this abnormality is uncommon and affects dwarf rabbits and their crossbreeds. The etiology of this disease is unknown, but there are hypotheses that the conjunctival growth cause may have its origins in immunological factors, inflammation, traumatic conditions, or cartilage dysplasias. Thus, this study reports the treatment efficacy applied in a rabbit, through the continuous use of tracolimus eye drops, after surgical procedure of conjunctival fold resection, as a way of controlling the pseudopterygium in rabbits.Case: This case report discusses the positive results from the surgical and therapeutic conduct of a clinical case attended by the Ophthalmology and Microsurgical Veterinary Service at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) of the UFSM. The patient was a male rabbit, sterilized cunicle, approximately 2-year-old, crossed with a dwarf rabbit. The owner's main complaint was the change in the aspect of the left eye, with progressive worsening in the previous four weeks. In the ophthalmological examination, the animal did not present impaired vision or discomfort, however, a vascularized pink membrane was noted, which consisted of a fold of the bulbar conjunctiva, that grew centripetally and covered 90% of the cornea in 360 degrees. The diagnosis was confirmed through visual inspection and the patient's history. The eye alteration had a characteristic aspect, described as proliferation of the bulbar conjunctiva over the cornea, in a centripetal manner and without signs of inflammation. In addition, other ophthalmological alterations were ruled out during the patient's physical and specific examination. The patient was referred for anesthetic evaluation and, in addition, pre-surgical blood tests were performed, which were normal, according to the expected ranges for the species. Subsequently, the animal was submitted to surgical treatment, which consisted of dividing the exuberant conjunctiva, followed by three radial incisions in equal portions. Next, the conjunctival fold was completely incised to the edge of the limbus, without the need of sutures. Anterior lamellar keratectomy was performed on the portion where the membrane was attached to the cornea. For home care, tobramycin-based eye drops (QID, for 7 days) and 0.02% aqueous tacrolimus eye drops (BID - continuous use) were prescribed. The animal was reevaluated 7, 14, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days after surgical correction, and no recurrence of pseudopterygium was observed during the follow-up period. The prognosis of patients with pseudopterygium is reserved, as it is known that the disease may recur after surgical treatment. Therefore, the continuous use of the chosen immunomodulating eye drops was recommended as well as periodic follow-up of the patient.Discussion: In the current study, it was not possible to increase knowledge regarding about th
背景:假翼状胬肉，也被称为异常结膜生长，在文献中描述很少，尽管已知这种异常不常见，并影响矮兔及其杂交品种。这种疾病的病因尚不清楚，但有假设认为结膜生长的原因可能源于免疫因素、炎症、创伤条件或软骨发育不良。因此，本研究报道了在家兔结膜折叠切除手术后，通过持续使用tracolimus滴眼液来控制家兔假性翼状胬肉的治疗效果。病例:本病例报告讨论了联合fsm医院Veterinário Universitário (HVU)眼科和显微外科兽医服务处参加的一个临床病例的手术和治疗行为的积极结果。患者是一只雄性兔子，绝育圈，大约2岁，与一只矮兔杂交。患者的主要主诉是左眼外观的改变，在过去四周内逐渐恶化。在眼科检查中，动物没有出现视力受损或不适，然而，发现一层血管化的粉红色膜，由球结膜的褶皱组成，向心生长，360度覆盖90%的角膜。通过目视检查和患者病史确诊。眼睛的改变有一个特征性的方面，描述为球结膜在角膜上以向心方式增殖，没有炎症的迹象。此外，在患者的体格检查和特殊检查中排除了其他眼科改变。患者被转诊进行麻醉评估，此外，根据该物种的预期范围，进行了术前血液检查，结果正常。随后，动物被提交到手术治疗，其中包括分割旺盛的结膜，然后在三个相同部分的径向切口。接下来，结膜折叠完全切开到角膜缘边缘，不需要缝合。前板层角膜切除术是在角膜膜附着的部分进行的。对于家庭护理，给予妥布霉素滴眼液(QID，连续使用7天)和0.02%他克莫司滴眼液(BID -连续使用)。术后7天、14天、30天、60天、120天和180天对动物进行再评估，随访期间未见假性翼状胬肉复发。假性翼状胬肉患者的预后是保留的，因为已知该疾病可能在手术治疗后复发。因此，建议持续使用所选的免疫调节眼药水，并定期随访患者。讨论:在目前的研究中，不可能增加关于假性翼状胬肉病因学的知识。虽然这种情况并不严重，但它会导致部分视力受损和慢性不适。然而，与文献中描述的其他病例一致，本病例中兔子的视野保持不变。此外，没有发现患者不适的迹象。文献中描述的一些矫正假性翼状胬肉的手术技术，显示了膜的生长复发。建议使用免疫调节药物控制复发。本研究对tracolimus滴眼液的疗效进行了测试，并在术后很长一段时间内对患者进行了评价。使用免疫调节剂是辅助局部治疗控制假性翼状胬肉生长的一种选择，与矫正手术治疗相结合，已显示出积极的结果。关键词:结膜，异常，免疫调节剂，治疗，兔子。Título: Pseudopterígio em coelho -治疗com tracolimusdescription:结缔组织，异常，免疫调节，治疗，coelho。
{"title":"Pseudopterygium in a Rabbit - Treatment with Tracolinus","authors":"Fernanda Iensen Farencena, C. Krebs, Giulia Brambila Girondi, Guilherme Rech Cassanego, L. Côrrea","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.116675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.116675","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudopterygium, also known as aberrant conjunctival growth, is poorly described in the literature, although it is known that this abnormality is uncommon and affects dwarf rabbits and their crossbreeds. The etiology of this disease is unknown, but there are hypotheses that the conjunctival growth cause may have its origins in immunological factors, inflammation, traumatic conditions, or cartilage dysplasias. Thus, this study reports the treatment efficacy applied in a rabbit, through the continuous use of tracolimus eye drops, after surgical procedure of conjunctival fold resection, as a way of controlling the pseudopterygium in rabbits.Case: This case report discusses the positive results from the surgical and therapeutic conduct of a clinical case attended by the Ophthalmology and Microsurgical Veterinary Service at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) of the UFSM. The patient was a male rabbit, sterilized cunicle, approximately 2-year-old, crossed with a dwarf rabbit. The owner's main complaint was the change in the aspect of the left eye, with progressive worsening in the previous four weeks. In the ophthalmological examination, the animal did not present impaired vision or discomfort, however, a vascularized pink membrane was noted, which consisted of a fold of the bulbar conjunctiva, that grew centripetally and covered 90% of the cornea in 360 degrees. The diagnosis was confirmed through visual inspection and the patient's history. The eye alteration had a characteristic aspect, described as proliferation of the bulbar conjunctiva over the cornea, in a centripetal manner and without signs of inflammation. In addition, other ophthalmological alterations were ruled out during the patient's physical and specific examination. The patient was referred for anesthetic evaluation and, in addition, pre-surgical blood tests were performed, which were normal, according to the expected ranges for the species. Subsequently, the animal was submitted to surgical treatment, which consisted of dividing the exuberant conjunctiva, followed by three radial incisions in equal portions. Next, the conjunctival fold was completely incised to the edge of the limbus, without the need of sutures. Anterior lamellar keratectomy was performed on the portion where the membrane was attached to the cornea. For home care, tobramycin-based eye drops (QID, for 7 days) and 0.02% aqueous tacrolimus eye drops (BID - continuous use) were prescribed. The animal was reevaluated 7, 14, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days after surgical correction, and no recurrence of pseudopterygium was observed during the follow-up period. The prognosis of patients with pseudopterygium is reserved, as it is known that the disease may recur after surgical treatment. Therefore, the continuous use of the chosen immunomodulating eye drops was recommended as well as periodic follow-up of the patient.Discussion: In the current study, it was not possible to increase knowledge regarding about th","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47381190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.117799
M. R. Santos, Camila B do Nascimento, Júlia De Mendonça Favacho, Camila Maria Dos Santos, Miwa Fabiane Suzukawa, A. Favacho
Background: Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyma renale, a parasite known as the giant kidney worm, that can parasitize the kidneys of domestic and wild animals. There are also reports of its occurrence in humans, thus revealing its zoonotic potential. In most cases, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. This parasite can cause atrophy or destroy the renal parenchyma, although ectopic locations may occur. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, based on the presence of eggs in the urine, visualization of the parasite, or during necropsy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the case of a young dog infected with D. renale and subjected to nephrectomy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Case: A 6-month-old bitch with a clinical suspicion of hydronephrosis in the right kidney was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Anhanguera-Uniderp University in the city of Campo Grande, MS. A physical examination of the patient revealed an alteration in the urinary system. An abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC) tests and biochemical profile were ordered. The erythrogram indicated erythrocytosis resulting from dehydration and loss of body fluids, while enzyme levels (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and albumin) were within normal limits. The abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of a cylindrical and rounded structure characteristic of a nematode and in the right kidney, and loss of renal parenchyma typical of D. renale infection. A urinalysis then revealed the presence of helminth eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affected right kidney, which showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. One adult female and one adult male parasite were removed from inside the kidney, measuring approximately 50 cm and 35 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated, kept in hospital for observation, and returned two weeks later for reassessment of her renal function and removal of stitches. Discussion: Dioctophymosis is often diagnosed based on ultrasound and urine tests. These tests proved sufficient to diagnose parasitism by D. renale. However, the infection is usually discovered during necropsy. D. renale is popularly known as the giant kidney worm, as it can reach up to 100 cm in length. In the present case, the female parasite was 50 cm long and the male was 35 cm. The patient presented parasitism very young, at just 6 months of age. The parasitic infection of the animal was attributed to the ingestion of water or food contaminated with an intermediate host, the aquatic annelid Lumbriculus variegatus. It is suggested that the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the infective stage of the parasite may have occurred at 2 months of age or younger, since the prepatent period is approximately 6 months. The parasite was found only in the patient’s right kidney. Hydronephrosis was reported in the patient and was caused by obstruction of
{"title":"Nephrectomy in a Dog infected with Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","authors":"M. R. Santos, Camila B do Nascimento, Júlia De Mendonça Favacho, Camila Maria Dos Santos, Miwa Fabiane Suzukawa, A. Favacho","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.117799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.117799","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyma renale, a parasite known as the giant kidney worm, that can parasitize the kidneys of domestic and wild animals. There are also reports of its occurrence in humans, thus revealing its zoonotic potential. In most cases, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. This parasite can cause atrophy or destroy the renal parenchyma, although ectopic locations may occur. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, based on the presence of eggs in the urine, visualization of the parasite, or during necropsy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the case of a young dog infected with D. renale and subjected to nephrectomy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Case: A 6-month-old bitch with a clinical suspicion of hydronephrosis in the right kidney was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Anhanguera-Uniderp University in the city of Campo Grande, MS. A physical examination of the patient revealed an alteration in the urinary system. An abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC) tests and biochemical profile were ordered. The erythrogram indicated erythrocytosis resulting from dehydration and loss of body fluids, while enzyme levels (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and albumin) were within normal limits. The abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of a cylindrical and rounded structure characteristic of a nematode and in the right kidney, and loss of renal parenchyma typical of D. renale infection. A urinalysis then revealed the presence of helminth eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affected right kidney, which showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. One adult female and one adult male parasite were removed from inside the kidney, measuring approximately 50 cm and 35 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated, kept in hospital for observation, and returned two weeks later for reassessment of her renal function and removal of stitches. Discussion: Dioctophymosis is often diagnosed based on ultrasound and urine tests. These tests proved sufficient to diagnose parasitism by D. renale. However, the infection is usually discovered during necropsy. D. renale is popularly known as the giant kidney worm, as it can reach up to 100 cm in length. In the present case, the female parasite was 50 cm long and the male was 35 cm. The patient presented parasitism very young, at just 6 months of age. The parasitic infection of the animal was attributed to the ingestion of water or food contaminated with an intermediate host, the aquatic annelid Lumbriculus variegatus. It is suggested that the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the infective stage of the parasite may have occurred at 2 months of age or younger, since the prepatent period is approximately 6 months. The parasite was found only in the patient’s right kidney. Hydronephrosis was reported in the patient and was caused by obstruction of ","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41435796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.118578
Luciene Maria Martinello Romão, Amanda Sarita Cruz Aleixo, F. Romão, Mayra de Castro Ferreira Lima, M. Tsunemi, S. Chiacchio, M. Godoy, M. Lourenço
Background: The modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system may be evaluated by the heart rate variability (HRV), which illustrates the fluctuations between RR intervals. To evaluate this analysis, the intervals between 2 QRS complexes are measured. In general, high HRV values are expected in healthy individuals; otherwise, low values are indicative of organism dysfunction. Studies conducted in healthy humans show that HRV suffers reduction with ageing and that there is autonomic immaturity in neonates. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of cardiac autonomic behavior in healthy dogs in different age groups through short-term HRV analysis.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 87 healthy dogs were studied. HRV was analyzed in time and frequency domain, using Holter and heart rate monitor. It was observed that puppies (below one year old) presented a lower parasympathetic predominance and, consequently, lower HRV values on time domain (SDNN, PNN50% e RMSSD) compared to the other 2 groups and on frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF) compared to the adult animals group (between 1 and 7-year-old), which presented higher HRV values when compared to the other groups. Elderly dogs (over 8-year-old) exhibited a natural tendency to decrease cardiac parasympathetic HRV indexes.Discussion: The use of the HRV method as a prognostic index and as an arrhythmogenic marker for various canine heart diseases presents interesting perspectives. However, before it may be employed for these purposes, a better understanding should be established regarding the physiological behavior of autonomic cardiac modulation in different age groups to serve as a basis for future analyses. This study observed that puppies presented higher values for HR and, therefore, shorter RR intervals than the other groups (adult and elderly dogs), what was observed on Holter and heart rate monitor methods (HRM). There were significant differences between puppies and the other 2 groups (adults and elderly) for all time-domain variables using both methods (Holter and HRM methods). SDNN was significantly lower in puppies compared to adults and elderly dogs. In addition, both RMSSD and PNN50%, which were more reliable over shorter periods of time, also presented means and medians that were significantly lower in puppies. Regarding frequency-domain HRV parameters observed on Holter method, these indexes were decreased on the elderly group compared to adult dogs, which is a possible effect of aging. Also, puppies revealed lower frequency-domain HRV parameters on both methods when compared to adult dogs. The influence of age on HRV is possibly related to the stage of development of an individual, starting at conception up to the maturity in relation to the mechanisms that cause variations in HR. There are studies in humans that suggest a gradual increase in parasympathetic activity during childhood, followed by a steady decrease as aging occur. The present study
{"title":"Short-term Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Healthy Dogs of Different Ages","authors":"Luciene Maria Martinello Romão, Amanda Sarita Cruz Aleixo, F. Romão, Mayra de Castro Ferreira Lima, M. Tsunemi, S. Chiacchio, M. Godoy, M. Lourenço","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.118578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.118578","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system may be evaluated by the heart rate variability (HRV), which illustrates the fluctuations between RR intervals. To evaluate this analysis, the intervals between 2 QRS complexes are measured. In general, high HRV values are expected in healthy individuals; otherwise, low values are indicative of organism dysfunction. Studies conducted in healthy humans show that HRV suffers reduction with ageing and that there is autonomic immaturity in neonates. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of cardiac autonomic behavior in healthy dogs in different age groups through short-term HRV analysis.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 87 healthy dogs were studied. HRV was analyzed in time and frequency domain, using Holter and heart rate monitor. It was observed that puppies (below one year old) presented a lower parasympathetic predominance and, consequently, lower HRV values on time domain (SDNN, PNN50% e RMSSD) compared to the other 2 groups and on frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF) compared to the adult animals group (between 1 and 7-year-old), which presented higher HRV values when compared to the other groups. Elderly dogs (over 8-year-old) exhibited a natural tendency to decrease cardiac parasympathetic HRV indexes.Discussion: The use of the HRV method as a prognostic index and as an arrhythmogenic marker for various canine heart diseases presents interesting perspectives. However, before it may be employed for these purposes, a better understanding should be established regarding the physiological behavior of autonomic cardiac modulation in different age groups to serve as a basis for future analyses. This study observed that puppies presented higher values for HR and, therefore, shorter RR intervals than the other groups (adult and elderly dogs), what was observed on Holter and heart rate monitor methods (HRM). There were significant differences between puppies and the other 2 groups (adults and elderly) for all time-domain variables using both methods (Holter and HRM methods). SDNN was significantly lower in puppies compared to adults and elderly dogs. In addition, both RMSSD and PNN50%, which were more reliable over shorter periods of time, also presented means and medians that were significantly lower in puppies. Regarding frequency-domain HRV parameters observed on Holter method, these indexes were decreased on the elderly group compared to adult dogs, which is a possible effect of aging. Also, puppies revealed lower frequency-domain HRV parameters on both methods when compared to adult dogs. The influence of age on HRV is possibly related to the stage of development of an individual, starting at conception up to the maturity in relation to the mechanisms that cause variations in HR. There are studies in humans that suggest a gradual increase in parasympathetic activity during childhood, followed by a steady decrease as aging occur. The present study ","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42484036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.117791
F. Conte, A. Strack, A. L. Bastos-Pereira, M. L. Pereira
Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted through copulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generally noticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvement has been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report 3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per the medical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by the dogs’ respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination in all the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, and histopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytology gave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei and little cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed. The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation, and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated using vincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case. The number of chemotherapy sessions and duration of treatment until the resolution of lesions and clinical signs varied as per the differences in the patients’ blood counts performed prior to each session.Discussion: TVT occurs between 1 and 7 years of life. It occurs more frequently in sexually active animals and has no preference for breed. Of the 3 cases reported herein, only one of the patients was elderly. All the patients were male mixed-breed dogs, and only 1 of them was castrated. The implantation of neoplastic cells through natural mounts, licks, scratches, or bites of affected areas are the most widely accepted reasons for the transmission of this neoplasm. With regard to the nasal presentation described in the present report, it is hypothesized that the smelling or licking of the neoplastic areas by the animal may favor cell implantation, leading to the subsequent development of a tumor. Nasal TVT should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with chronic symptoms of the upper respiratory tract, such as increased local volume, nasal discharge, nosebleed, and sneezing. These signs are consistent with those described in this report. Radiographic evaluation was performed in 2 cases and
{"title":"Nasal Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) in Dogs","authors":"F. Conte, A. Strack, A. L. Bastos-Pereira, M. L. Pereira","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.117791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.117791","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are naturally occurring neoplasms that can be transmitted through copulation or cell transplantation. It is a disease that affects canines, has no preference for sex or breed, and generally noticed in the external genital apparatus. Extragenital occurrence may eventually be seen; however, nasal involvement has been described in only a few reports of studies conducted in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report 3 cases of nasal TVT in dogs who were treated in 2 municipalities in the mountainous region of Santa Catarina, Brazil.Cases: This case report includes 3 male mixed-breed canines of age 3-13. Only 1 of the animals was castrated. As per the medical history, some points, such as an enlarged nasal region, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hoarseness, reported by the dogs’ respective owners were similar among all the dogs. Likewise, nosebleed was observed on physical examination in all the cases. The result of cytological examination was inconclusive only in 1 case. Rhinoscopy, incisional biopsy, and histopathological examination were then performed for achieving a definitive diagnosis. In the 2 cases wherein cytology gave conclusive results, the cytological smears showed changes suggestive of TVT, such as cells with eccentric nuclei and little cytoplasm, which had vacuoles inside them. In 2 cases, radiographic examinations of the skull were also performed. The images showed changes in bone radiopacity, conformation of trabeculae with areas of bone lysis and cell proliferation, and irregularity in the contour of the nasal bone. After TVT diagnosis was confirmed, chemotherapy was initiated using vincristine at a dose of 0.75 mg/m2 for 2 cases and 0.025 mg/kg for the remaining case. The number of chemotherapy sessions and duration of treatment until the resolution of lesions and clinical signs varied as per the differences in the patients’ blood counts performed prior to each session.Discussion: TVT occurs between 1 and 7 years of life. It occurs more frequently in sexually active animals and has no preference for breed. Of the 3 cases reported herein, only one of the patients was elderly. All the patients were male mixed-breed dogs, and only 1 of them was castrated. The implantation of neoplastic cells through natural mounts, licks, scratches, or bites of affected areas are the most widely accepted reasons for the transmission of this neoplasm. With regard to the nasal presentation described in the present report, it is hypothesized that the smelling or licking of the neoplastic areas by the animal may favor cell implantation, leading to the subsequent development of a tumor. Nasal TVT should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with chronic symptoms of the upper respiratory tract, such as increased local volume, nasal discharge, nosebleed, and sneezing. These signs are consistent with those described in this report. Radiographic evaluation was performed in 2 cases and ","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.117796
R. F. Siqueira, Viviane Soares Hansen, M. Martins, M. Leal, E. Bondan
Background: The West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were reported in Brazil in the serum samples taken from horses and birds in the Midwest region and Paraíba state in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In 2014, the first human case was confirmed in a rural worker in the state of Piauí and, in 2018, the virus was isolated from the central nervous system of a horse with nervous symptoms in the state of Espírito Santo. The virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family of the genus Flavivirus (neurotropic), infecting several mammalian species, with humans and horses being the most susceptible. Approximately 35% of horses develop clinical signs, thus they are considered the best sentinels for this disease. The aim of this case report is to describe the first confirmed cases of West Nile Fever (WNF) in two horses in the state of São Paulo.Cases: Two horses with neurological symptoms were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul University (São Paulo, SP), in 2019. Both horses came from neighboring regions that have a large Atlantic Forest preservation area and are also routes for migratory birds, known to be competent hosts for transmitting the West Nile Fever virus, such as the swallow, the falcon and the hawk. The first one had symptoms, such as weakness and sporadic seizures; however, after recovering, it was hospitalized a few days later due to kidney failure and laminitis. The second one showed incoordination, pelvic limb weakness, and was walking in circles, evolving to seizures. Both animals were euthanized, and their central nervous system samples and total blood samples were tested for rabies, herpes virus, and WNV; the first 2 tests showed negative results. Ribonucleic acids (RNA) were extracted from erythrocytes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in-house. The WNV-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification products were obtained using the nested PCR-multiplex PCR combination.Discussion: Since the 1940s, several WNF outbreaks have been reported around the world (Africa, Europe, Asia and Middle East). In the 2000s, the USA had the most amount of WNF cases reported; cases started being reported in Central and South America in the following years. The virus was identified for the first time in Brazil in 2014. Since then, our country is a route for migratory birds, with many states still having forests, several arboviruses are found such as WNF, which could become a public health problem. Both horses in the present study showed neurological signs and the horse that recovered had renal failure. Such signs are inconclusive, however, similar to those that occur in humans infected by the virus in its neurotropic form. The emergence of new diseases is an important aspect of public health. The literature is vast regarding the description of the pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, viral persistence and sequelae of WNF in humans, however, it is scarce regarding the viral persistence and sequelae of th
背景：2008年和2013年，巴西中西部地区和帕拉伊巴州的马和鸟类血清样本中分别报告了西尼罗河病毒（WNV）抗体。2014年，皮亚伊州的一名农村工人确诊了首例人类病例。2018年，该病毒从圣埃斯皮里托州一匹有神经症状的马的中枢神经系统中分离出来。该病毒是黄病毒属黄病毒科的一员，感染几种哺乳动物，其中人和马最易感染。大约35%的马出现临床症状，因此它们被认为是这种疾病的最佳哨兵。本病例报告的目的是描述圣保罗州两匹马首次确诊的西尼罗河热病例。病例：2019年，两匹有神经系统症状的马在南克鲁塞罗大学兽医医院接受治疗。这两匹马都来自邻近的大西洋森林保护区，也是候鸟的迁徙路线，众所周知，候鸟是传播西尼罗河热病毒的有效宿主，如燕子、猎鹰和鹰。第一个病人有虚弱和零星癫痫发作等症状；然而，在康复后，它在几天后因肾衰竭和椎板炎住院。第二个表现为不协调，骨盆肢体无力，走路绕圈，发展为癫痫发作。对两只动物实施安乐死，并对它们的中枢神经系统样本和总血液样本进行狂犬病、疱疹病毒和WNV检测；前两次检测结果均为阴性。使用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术从红细胞中提取核糖核酸（RNA）。使用套式PCR多重PCR组合获得WNV特异性逆转录聚合酶链式反应扩增产物。讨论：自20世纪40年代以来，世界各地（非洲、欧洲、亚洲和中东）都报告了几起WNF疫情。2000年代，美国报告的WNF病例最多；随后几年，中美洲和南美洲开始报告病例。该病毒于2014年在巴西首次被发现。从那时起，我国是候鸟的迁徙路线，许多州仍有森林，发现了几种树病毒，如WNF，这可能会成为一个公共卫生问题。本研究中的两匹马都出现了神经系统症状，康复后的马出现了肾衰竭。然而，这些迹象与被嗜神经型病毒感染的人类中出现的迹象相似，尚不确定。新疾病的出现是公共卫生的一个重要方面。关于WNF在人类中的发病机制、临床症状、诊断、病毒持续性和后遗症的描述文献很多，但关于该疾病在马中的病毒持续性及后遗症的文献却很少。未来的研究需要了解马感染后的时期，因为它们和人类一样是对这种病毒最敏感的动物。在这里，我们报告了圣保罗市首例WNF确诊病例，以提高人们对在诊断患有神经系统疾病的马时考虑这种疾病的认识。关键词：脑炎，马，黄病毒，蚊子。Título：感染2月初的pelo vírus do Nilo Ocidentital em equinos no Estado de São Paulo Descritores：脑炎、equinos、黄病毒、蚊子。
{"title":"West Nile Fever Virus Infection in Horses in São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"R. F. Siqueira, Viviane Soares Hansen, M. Martins, M. Leal, E. Bondan","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.117796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.117796","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies were reported in Brazil in the serum samples taken from horses and birds in the Midwest region and Paraíba state in 2008 and 2013, respectively. In 2014, the first human case was confirmed in a rural worker in the state of Piauí and, in 2018, the virus was isolated from the central nervous system of a horse with nervous symptoms in the state of Espírito Santo. The virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family of the genus Flavivirus (neurotropic), infecting several mammalian species, with humans and horses being the most susceptible. Approximately 35% of horses develop clinical signs, thus they are considered the best sentinels for this disease. The aim of this case report is to describe the first confirmed cases of West Nile Fever (WNF) in two horses in the state of São Paulo.Cases: Two horses with neurological symptoms were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul University (São Paulo, SP), in 2019. Both horses came from neighboring regions that have a large Atlantic Forest preservation area and are also routes for migratory birds, known to be competent hosts for transmitting the West Nile Fever virus, such as the swallow, the falcon and the hawk. The first one had symptoms, such as weakness and sporadic seizures; however, after recovering, it was hospitalized a few days later due to kidney failure and laminitis. The second one showed incoordination, pelvic limb weakness, and was walking in circles, evolving to seizures. Both animals were euthanized, and their central nervous system samples and total blood samples were tested for rabies, herpes virus, and WNV; the first 2 tests showed negative results. Ribonucleic acids (RNA) were extracted from erythrocytes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in-house. The WNV-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification products were obtained using the nested PCR-multiplex PCR combination.Discussion: Since the 1940s, several WNF outbreaks have been reported around the world (Africa, Europe, Asia and Middle East). In the 2000s, the USA had the most amount of WNF cases reported; cases started being reported in Central and South America in the following years. The virus was identified for the first time in Brazil in 2014. Since then, our country is a route for migratory birds, with many states still having forests, several arboviruses are found such as WNF, which could become a public health problem. Both horses in the present study showed neurological signs and the horse that recovered had renal failure. Such signs are inconclusive, however, similar to those that occur in humans infected by the virus in its neurotropic form. The emergence of new diseases is an important aspect of public health. The literature is vast regarding the description of the pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, viral persistence and sequelae of WNF in humans, however, it is scarce regarding the viral persistence and sequelae of th","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.119176
L. S. Ribeiro, H. V. Scheid, Lucas S. Marques, F. R. Venancio, Elisa Rocha Da Silva, S. Ladeira, A. L. Schild
Background: A listeriosis outbreak in a sheep fattening feedlot in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil is described. This disease is caused by Listeria monocytogenes and represents a risk to public health since it affects not only ruminants but also humans. This agent is widely spread in the environment, such as in the soil and water. It is also found in decaying vegetable matter and the feces and fluids of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe a listeriosis outbreak in sheep raised in feedlots, its epidemiology, and to establish the importance of this disease in this type of sheep management system, evaluate the possible sources of infection, and suggest ways to control it.Cases: Sheep were kept in a 2-sector shed, one with east solar orientation and the other with west solar orientation, the latter with free access to domestic birds. Sheep were fed silage and concentrate. Seven sheep were affected, 5 died and 2 recovered. Clinically, the sheep displayed loss of balance, excessive drooling, and tremors; one exhibited circling, head deviation, apathy, nystagmus, lateral recumbency, paddling, and labored breathing. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions were not found, and histologically several micro-abscesses and perivascular cuffs with lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils were present in the brain stem. Listeria monocytogenes suspected colonies were observed in the microbiological culture, and the bacteria was identified by biochemical analysis. The immunohistochemistry test in brain stem sections was positive for the antibody BD DifcoTM Listeria O Antiserum Poly Serotypes 1 and 4.Discussion: A listeriosis outbreak in a feedlot sheep was confirmed through epidemiological findings, histological lesions, bacterial culture, and immunohistochemistry analysis. This infection is frequent in sheep fed silage of poor quality or other food with improper storage and lack of hygiene. In the present outbreak, the bacteria were isolated from silage. However, it is likely that domestic birds, which were raised in the same place and had free access to the west sector of the feedlot, were the initial source of infection, because the sheep from the opposite sector (east) did not get ill. The disease caused by environmental contamination or through contact with fluids and feces of ducks, chickens, cattle, and pigs has already been described in outbreaks that occurred in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Sheep aggregation in feedlot systems is also a favorable factor for the development of the bacteria and the occurrence of outbreaks because the accumulation of feces and urine cause humidity on the stalls. This allows outbreaks to occur in other seasons of the year, such as in the outbreak reported herein. The exchange of silage that served as food for sheep was another control measure, and new cases were not reported 8 months after these procedures were taken. In the outbreak studied, 2 sheep that exhibited clinical sig
{"title":"Listeriosis Outbreak in Sheep Raised in Feedlots in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil","authors":"L. S. Ribeiro, H. V. Scheid, Lucas S. Marques, F. R. Venancio, Elisa Rocha Da Silva, S. Ladeira, A. L. Schild","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.119176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.119176","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A listeriosis outbreak in a sheep fattening feedlot in the Southern Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil is described. This disease is caused by Listeria monocytogenes and represents a risk to public health since it affects not only ruminants but also humans. This agent is widely spread in the environment, such as in the soil and water. It is also found in decaying vegetable matter and the feces and fluids of domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe a listeriosis outbreak in sheep raised in feedlots, its epidemiology, and to establish the importance of this disease in this type of sheep management system, evaluate the possible sources of infection, and suggest ways to control it.Cases: Sheep were kept in a 2-sector shed, one with east solar orientation and the other with west solar orientation, the latter with free access to domestic birds. Sheep were fed silage and concentrate. Seven sheep were affected, 5 died and 2 recovered. Clinically, the sheep displayed loss of balance, excessive drooling, and tremors; one exhibited circling, head deviation, apathy, nystagmus, lateral recumbency, paddling, and labored breathing. At necropsy, macroscopic lesions were not found, and histologically several micro-abscesses and perivascular cuffs with lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils were present in the brain stem. Listeria monocytogenes suspected colonies were observed in the microbiological culture, and the bacteria was identified by biochemical analysis. The immunohistochemistry test in brain stem sections was positive for the antibody BD DifcoTM Listeria O Antiserum Poly Serotypes 1 and 4.Discussion: A listeriosis outbreak in a feedlot sheep was confirmed through epidemiological findings, histological lesions, bacterial culture, and immunohistochemistry analysis. This infection is frequent in sheep fed silage of poor quality or other food with improper storage and lack of hygiene. In the present outbreak, the bacteria were isolated from silage. However, it is likely that domestic birds, which were raised in the same place and had free access to the west sector of the feedlot, were the initial source of infection, because the sheep from the opposite sector (east) did not get ill. The disease caused by environmental contamination or through contact with fluids and feces of ducks, chickens, cattle, and pigs has already been described in outbreaks that occurred in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Sheep aggregation in feedlot systems is also a favorable factor for the development of the bacteria and the occurrence of outbreaks because the accumulation of feces and urine cause humidity on the stalls. This allows outbreaks to occur in other seasons of the year, such as in the outbreak reported herein. The exchange of silage that served as food for sheep was another control measure, and new cases were not reported 8 months after these procedures were taken. In the outbreak studied, 2 sheep that exhibited clinical sig","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41391783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.107664
Lettycia Demczuk Thomas, Ronaldo José Piccoli, Paula Eduarda Quintana Bernardi, J. F. Sinotti, Viviane Andrade Silva, Carolina Fucks de Souza, Fabiola Bono Fukushima
Background : The South American coatis ( Nasua nasua ) are capable of adapting to different habitats, which allowed them to exchange between domestic and wild areas, increasing the occurrence of traumas. Procedures performed in this species demand anesthetic protocols that take comorbidities into account and cause minimal cardiorespiratory depression as well as rapid recovery. It is in such context that locoregional anesthesia has become an essential tool. Thus, we aim to report the use of two techniques of locoreginal block: brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural block, in a Nasua nasua submitted to osteosynthesis of the radius and caudectomy due to trauma. Case : A adult male coati weighing 2.3 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR) - Setor Palotina with a history of trauma. Physical examination showed crackling in the radius and ulnar region, and also abnormal angulation in the distal portion of the tail. After taking x-rays, fractures were confirmed in the distal radius and in the distal portion of the tail. The patient was referred for surgery. After 8 h of water and food withdrawal, the animal was premedicated with a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg), intramuscularly (IM). Induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol titrated to effect (total dose 4 mg/kg) and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in spontaneous ventilation using a non-rebreathing circuit (Baraka). It was evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RF), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), expired isoflurane fraction (FE ´ Iso), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography (ECG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and core temperature (CT) using a multiparametric monitor. After the stabilization period, the animal was positioned in lateral recumbence. A subscapular brachial plexus block was performed with bupivacaine (0.2 mL/kg) using a peripheral nerve stimulator to ensure the correct perineural deposition of the local anesthetic. During anesthesia, rescue analgesia was administered when there was a 20% increase in HR, RR or SBP compared to baseline values. Thus, in this case, two rescues with fentanyl (2 µ g/kg) were necessary. The animal remained stable and, at the end of the first procedure, he was placed in ventral recumbence, with the hindlimbs pulled cranially in order to locate the lumbosacral space. Epidural injection was performed with lidocaine (0.18 mL/kg). Rescue analgesia was not necessary during the caudectomy procedure. The procedure had a total duration of 3 h and extubation occurred 3 min after inhalation anesthesia withdrawal. At the end of the surgery, the animal was medicated with meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg). Two h after the end of the surgery, the animal was able to feed again. Discussion : The literature is scarce regarding anesthetic techniques in the Nasua nasua species, especially in the context of locoreg
{"title":"Braquial Plexus Block and Lumbosacral Epidural in a South American Coati (Nasua nasua)","authors":"Lettycia Demczuk Thomas, Ronaldo José Piccoli, Paula Eduarda Quintana Bernardi, J. F. Sinotti, Viviane Andrade Silva, Carolina Fucks de Souza, Fabiola Bono Fukushima","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.107664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.107664","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The South American coatis ( Nasua nasua ) are capable of adapting to different habitats, which allowed them to exchange between domestic and wild areas, increasing the occurrence of traumas. Procedures performed in this species demand anesthetic protocols that take comorbidities into account and cause minimal cardiorespiratory depression as well as rapid recovery. It is in such context that locoregional anesthesia has become an essential tool. Thus, we aim to report the use of two techniques of locoreginal block: brachial plexus block and lumbosacral epidural block, in a Nasua nasua submitted to osteosynthesis of the radius and caudectomy due to trauma. Case : A adult male coati weighing 2.3 kg was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR) - Setor Palotina with a history of trauma. Physical examination showed crackling in the radius and ulnar region, and also abnormal angulation in the distal portion of the tail. After taking x-rays, fractures were confirmed in the distal radius and in the distal portion of the tail. The patient was referred for surgery. After 8 h of water and food withdrawal, the animal was premedicated with a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg), intramuscularly (IM). Induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol titrated to effect (total dose 4 mg/kg) and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in spontaneous ventilation using a non-rebreathing circuit (Baraka). It was evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RF), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), expired isoflurane fraction (FE ´ Iso), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography (ECG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and core temperature (CT) using a multiparametric monitor. After the stabilization period, the animal was positioned in lateral recumbence. A subscapular brachial plexus block was performed with bupivacaine (0.2 mL/kg) using a peripheral nerve stimulator to ensure the correct perineural deposition of the local anesthetic. During anesthesia, rescue analgesia was administered when there was a 20% increase in HR, RR or SBP compared to baseline values. Thus, in this case, two rescues with fentanyl (2 µ g/kg) were necessary. The animal remained stable and, at the end of the first procedure, he was placed in ventral recumbence, with the hindlimbs pulled cranially in order to locate the lumbosacral space. Epidural injection was performed with lidocaine (0.18 mL/kg). Rescue analgesia was not necessary during the caudectomy procedure. The procedure had a total duration of 3 h and extubation occurred 3 min after inhalation anesthesia withdrawal. At the end of the surgery, the animal was medicated with meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg) and methadone (0.2 mg/kg). Two h after the end of the surgery, the animal was able to feed again. Discussion : The literature is scarce regarding anesthetic techniques in the Nasua nasua species, especially in the context of locoreg","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45687656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-05DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.108769
K. O. Sampaio, Jessica Beatriz da Silva, Alexandre Tavares Camelo Oliveira, E. B. da Silva, D. Nunes-Pinheiro, Reginaldo P Sousa-Filho
Background : Fibrosing osteomyelitis is a chronic inflammatory process caused by infectious agents that lead to the destruction and replacement of bone tissue by fibroblasts. The diagnosis is based especially on histopathological and bacterial culture. In cases where extensive and irreversible injuries are observed, surgical treatment may be indicated. The objective of this work is to report the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of a cat presenting fibrosing osteomyelitis. Case : A 10-year-old male feline, no defined breed, weighing 3.9 kg was referred to one Private Veterinary Clinic of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil with a history of left mandibular enlargement, presenting dysphagia, sialorrhea, an increase in firm consistency along of the left mandibular body, temporomandibular arthralgia and decreased joint motion range. On cranium radiograph, signs of proliferative osteopathy of irregular contours were observed in the branch and body of the left mandible and extending to the rostral region of the right mandible, suggesting a neoplastic process. After anesthesia, for better assessment of the oral cavity, a sample was collected by incisional biopsy, however, the histopathological result was nonspecific. In view of the inconclusive condition, it was decided to perform left hemimandibulectomy combined with right partial mandibulectomy. Tissue samples were obtained and sent for microbiological and histopathological analyses. The last test revealed an inflammatory reaction consisting of neutrophils and plasma cells, associated with a large amount of fibrous connective tissue, multifocal bacterial aggregates, necrosis and bone resorption. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis was concluded. The microbiological culture demonstrated the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa , with sensitivity to cefovecin, which was administered to the treatment in doses of 8 mg/kg/SC, every 15 days, for 60 days. After 10 days of the surgery, the patient was able to start the process of swallowing and seizing pasty food. Discussion : Although radiography is a diagnostic method of choice to assess the extent of bone involvement, it hardly allows the distinction between neoplastic processes and osteomyelitis. Thus, in addition to the cranium radiographic examination, that revealed signs of proliferative osteopathy with irregular contours in branch and body topography of the left mandible were required biopsy and bacterial culture. After mandibulectomy, difficulty in retracting the tongue and anorexia were observed in the first days. Despite that, from the 12th day on, there was an improvement in food seizure, with the return to voluntary feeding. Mandibulectomy is indicated in cases where extensive and irreversible lesions are observed, although excision of the caudal mandible to the third or fourth premolar tooth is not recommended, because it compromises the sublingual musculature, with fall of
{"title":"Mandibulectomy in feline with bacterial fibrosing osteomyelitis","authors":"K. O. Sampaio, Jessica Beatriz da Silva, Alexandre Tavares Camelo Oliveira, E. B. da Silva, D. Nunes-Pinheiro, Reginaldo P Sousa-Filho","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.108769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.108769","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Fibrosing osteomyelitis is a chronic inflammatory process caused by infectious agents that lead to the destruction and replacement of bone tissue by fibroblasts. The diagnosis is based especially on histopathological and bacterial culture. In cases where extensive and irreversible injuries are observed, surgical treatment may be indicated. The objective of this work is to report the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of a cat presenting fibrosing osteomyelitis. Case : A 10-year-old male feline, no defined breed, weighing 3.9 kg was referred to one Private Veterinary Clinic of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil with a history of left mandibular enlargement, presenting dysphagia, sialorrhea, an increase in firm consistency along of the left mandibular body, temporomandibular arthralgia and decreased joint motion range. On cranium radiograph, signs of proliferative osteopathy of irregular contours were observed in the branch and body of the left mandible and extending to the rostral region of the right mandible, suggesting a neoplastic process. After anesthesia, for better assessment of the oral cavity, a sample was collected by incisional biopsy, however, the histopathological result was nonspecific. In view of the inconclusive condition, it was decided to perform left hemimandibulectomy combined with right partial mandibulectomy. Tissue samples were obtained and sent for microbiological and histopathological analyses. The last test revealed an inflammatory reaction consisting of neutrophils and plasma cells, associated with a large amount of fibrous connective tissue, multifocal bacterial aggregates, necrosis and bone resorption. Based on the findings, the diagnosis of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis was concluded. The microbiological culture demonstrated the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa , with sensitivity to cefovecin, which was administered to the treatment in doses of 8 mg/kg/SC, every 15 days, for 60 days. After 10 days of the surgery, the patient was able to start the process of swallowing and seizing pasty food. Discussion : Although radiography is a diagnostic method of choice to assess the extent of bone involvement, it hardly allows the distinction between neoplastic processes and osteomyelitis. Thus, in addition to the cranium radiographic examination, that revealed signs of proliferative osteopathy with irregular contours in branch and body topography of the left mandible were required biopsy and bacterial culture. After mandibulectomy, difficulty in retracting the tongue and anorexia were observed in the first days. Despite that, from the 12th day on, there was an improvement in food seizure, with the return to voluntary feeding. Mandibulectomy is indicated in cases where extensive and irreversible lesions are observed, although excision of the caudal mandible to the third or fourth premolar tooth is not recommended, because it compromises the sublingual musculature, with fall of ","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.110100
Nathali Adrielli Agassi De Sales, Julia Perinotto Picelli, E. Alves, L. C. dos Anjos, E. R. Bittar, I. Rosado
Background: Primary hyperlipidemia is a condition that affects some specific breeds. It has been previously described in Miniature Shnauzer, Beagles, Shetland Shepdog and West Highland White Terrier. There are no reports of primary hyperlipidemia in Maltese dogs. It is a hereditary disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. The etiology is unknown and may be related to a genetic problem in lipoprotein lipase or to the absence of apaprotein CII. Clinical signs include spontaneous arterosclerosis, retinal lipemia, cutaneous xanthomas, abdominal pain, lethargy, vomiting and / or diarrhea. Neurological manifestations such as seizures and behavioral changes may also occur. The aim of this report is to describe a case of reactive seizures due to hyperlipidemia in a dog. Case: A 5-year-old male Maltese dog was admitted with a history of seizures. Hypertension and abdominal distension with large amounts of intestinal gases were found in general physical examination. Neurological examination revealed impaired nasal septum sensory perception, which was slightly bilaterally reduced, and pain on cervical palpation and in the brachial plexus region. Based on history and clinical examination, it was possible to locate the lesion in the thalamocortical region and to suspect idiopathic epilepsy, reactive seizures, and symptomatic epilepsy due to meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. The diagnosis of primary hyperlipidemia was made by exclusion with the aid of laboratory tests and ultrasound. After the establishment of a fat restriction diet, bezafibrate, phenobarbital, and omega-3 supplementation, the animal improved significantly with the reduction of epileptic seizures. Discussion: The initial clinical suspicion was hyperadrenocorticism as the primary cause of hyperlipidemia. This suspicion was based on the presence of polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and abdominal distension, together with laboratory results of thrombocytosis, increased ALT and AF, and hyposenuria; but ultrasound images and ACTH stimulation test ruled out this differential diagnosis. Hypothyroidism was also ruled out since LDL values were normal and the animal was extremely active. Regarding nephrotic syndrome, it was also excluded for some alterations would be present, such as severe proteinuria, cholesterol reduction and hypoalbuminemia. As for diabetes mellitus, it was discarded because of the dog’s young age and due to the absence of suggestive clinical signs. The suspicion of primary hyperlipidemia was based on increased levels of triglycerides, and the presumptive diagnosis was of reactive seizures due to hyperlipidemia. It is essential, when treating hyperlipidemia, to readjust to a low-calorie diet with fat concentration below 8% and protein level above 18%. Generally, these restricted diets are for life. Omega-3 supplementation can be performed to help maintain low levels of triglycerides. Drug therapy is usually carried out with bezafibrate, which is used in human medicine as treatment fo
{"title":"Reactive Seizures Due to Hyperlipidemia in a Maltese Dog","authors":"Nathali Adrielli Agassi De Sales, Julia Perinotto Picelli, E. Alves, L. C. dos Anjos, E. R. Bittar, I. Rosado","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.110100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.110100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary hyperlipidemia is a condition that affects some specific breeds. It has been previously described in Miniature Shnauzer, Beagles, Shetland Shepdog and West Highland White Terrier. There are no reports of primary hyperlipidemia in Maltese dogs. It is a hereditary disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. The etiology is unknown and may be related to a genetic problem in lipoprotein lipase or to the absence of apaprotein CII. Clinical signs include spontaneous arterosclerosis, retinal lipemia, cutaneous xanthomas, abdominal pain, lethargy, vomiting and / or diarrhea. Neurological manifestations such as seizures and behavioral changes may also occur. The aim of this report is to describe a case of reactive seizures due to hyperlipidemia in a dog. Case: A 5-year-old male Maltese dog was admitted with a history of seizures. Hypertension and abdominal distension with large amounts of intestinal gases were found in general physical examination. Neurological examination revealed impaired nasal septum sensory perception, which was slightly bilaterally reduced, and pain on cervical palpation and in the brachial plexus region. Based on history and clinical examination, it was possible to locate the lesion in the thalamocortical region and to suspect idiopathic epilepsy, reactive seizures, and symptomatic epilepsy due to meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. The diagnosis of primary hyperlipidemia was made by exclusion with the aid of laboratory tests and ultrasound. After the establishment of a fat restriction diet, bezafibrate, phenobarbital, and omega-3 supplementation, the animal improved significantly with the reduction of epileptic seizures. Discussion: The initial clinical suspicion was hyperadrenocorticism as the primary cause of hyperlipidemia. This suspicion was based on the presence of polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and abdominal distension, together with laboratory results of thrombocytosis, increased ALT and AF, and hyposenuria; but ultrasound images and ACTH stimulation test ruled out this differential diagnosis. Hypothyroidism was also ruled out since LDL values were normal and the animal was extremely active. Regarding nephrotic syndrome, it was also excluded for some alterations would be present, such as severe proteinuria, cholesterol reduction and hypoalbuminemia. As for diabetes mellitus, it was discarded because of the dog’s young age and due to the absence of suggestive clinical signs. The suspicion of primary hyperlipidemia was based on increased levels of triglycerides, and the presumptive diagnosis was of reactive seizures due to hyperlipidemia. It is essential, when treating hyperlipidemia, to readjust to a low-calorie diet with fat concentration below 8% and protein level above 18%. Generally, these restricted diets are for life. Omega-3 supplementation can be performed to help maintain low levels of triglycerides. Drug therapy is usually carried out with bezafibrate, which is used in human medicine as treatment fo","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44870386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-30DOI: 10.22456/1679-9216.110056
Amanda De Deus Ferreira Alves, F. Brito, M. F. Pereira, V. A. da Silva Júnior
Background: Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a neoplasm originating from plasmacytes with benign behavior, although it can present malignant characteristics such as local invasion and metastases in some cases. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the third eyelid is rare in humans and animals and has not yet been described in cats. Thus, the goal of the present study is to describe the cytological and histopathological findings of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in a cat's third eyelid. Case: A 5-year-old female feline patient with a history of ocular alteration for approximately 30 days was referred to the ophthalmology service. Upon ophthalmic examination of the left eye, an increase in volume with tissue proliferation was identified in the third eyelid's conjunctiva. A collection of material for cytopathological examination was performed. Numerous plasmocytes and atypical lymphocytes with anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed, with a possible neoplastic injury being suggested and referred to the patient for surgical removal of the third eyelid. In the histopathological analysis, it was possible to observe several plasma cells and vascular neoformation along the entire conjunctive margin below the epithelium. The glands, serous and mucous, present in the fragment, revealed areas of intervening plasmacytic infiltrate and a large area close to the hyaline cartilage containing intense plasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with rare neutrophils and macrophages. There was also a structural breakdown of glandular components and lymphocyte cells with mitosis figures and discrete cellular pleomorphism. Discussion: Plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm in both dogs and cats. The anatomical regions most frequently affected are the digits, lips, and pinna. Concerning the 3rd eyelid tumor involvement, numerous types of neoplasms have been reported in dogs in the veterinary literature, including transmissible venereal tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanocytoma melanoma, lymphoma, plasmacytoma, hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, mastocytoma, and myoepithelioma. In cats, the third eyelid is the third site most affected by primary tumors. Adult and elderly animals are the most affected; however, an extramedullary plasmacytoma (PEM) has been reported in an eight-month-old male cat's skeletal muscle. Plasmacytoma aspirates, like other round cells, tend to be highly cellular, the cell morphology has a plasmacytoid aspect, resembling mature cells, the cytoplasm is intensely basophilic, and the round nucleus with an eccentric disposition has thin chromatin and indistinct nucleolus. Binucleate and multinucleate cells are common, and the absence of lymphoglandular corpuscles helps differentiate extramedullary plasmacytoma from lymphomas. Histologically, PEM is similar in dogs, humans, and felines, and variations in mature and immature plasma cells can be seen. The diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma is fundamentally histological, and immunohistochemical analysis c
{"title":"Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Third Eyelid in a Cat","authors":"Amanda De Deus Ferreira Alves, F. Brito, M. F. Pereira, V. A. da Silva Júnior","doi":"10.22456/1679-9216.110056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.110056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a neoplasm originating from plasmacytes with benign behavior, although it can present malignant characteristics such as local invasion and metastases in some cases. Primary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the third eyelid is rare in humans and animals and has not yet been described in cats. Thus, the goal of the present study is to describe the cytological and histopathological findings of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in a cat's third eyelid. Case: A 5-year-old female feline patient with a history of ocular alteration for approximately 30 days was referred to the ophthalmology service. Upon ophthalmic examination of the left eye, an increase in volume with tissue proliferation was identified in the third eyelid's conjunctiva. A collection of material for cytopathological examination was performed. Numerous plasmocytes and atypical lymphocytes with anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were observed, with a possible neoplastic injury being suggested and referred to the patient for surgical removal of the third eyelid. In the histopathological analysis, it was possible to observe several plasma cells and vascular neoformation along the entire conjunctive margin below the epithelium. The glands, serous and mucous, present in the fragment, revealed areas of intervening plasmacytic infiltrate and a large area close to the hyaline cartilage containing intense plasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with rare neutrophils and macrophages. There was also a structural breakdown of glandular components and lymphocyte cells with mitosis figures and discrete cellular pleomorphism. Discussion: Plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm in both dogs and cats. The anatomical regions most frequently affected are the digits, lips, and pinna. Concerning the 3rd eyelid tumor involvement, numerous types of neoplasms have been reported in dogs in the veterinary literature, including transmissible venereal tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanocytoma melanoma, lymphoma, plasmacytoma, hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, mastocytoma, and myoepithelioma. In cats, the third eyelid is the third site most affected by primary tumors. Adult and elderly animals are the most affected; however, an extramedullary plasmacytoma (PEM) has been reported in an eight-month-old male cat's skeletal muscle. Plasmacytoma aspirates, like other round cells, tend to be highly cellular, the cell morphology has a plasmacytoid aspect, resembling mature cells, the cytoplasm is intensely basophilic, and the round nucleus with an eccentric disposition has thin chromatin and indistinct nucleolus. Binucleate and multinucleate cells are common, and the absence of lymphoglandular corpuscles helps differentiate extramedullary plasmacytoma from lymphomas. Histologically, PEM is similar in dogs, humans, and felines, and variations in mature and immature plasma cells can be seen. The diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma is fundamentally histological, and immunohistochemical analysis c","PeriodicalId":7182,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49369547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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