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Adjunct Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers最新文献

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A preliminary investigation of the mismatch between attendance order and desired display order of smartphone notifications 考勤顺序与智能手机通知显示顺序不匹配的初步调查
Tzu-Chieh Lin, Yu-Shao Su, Emily Yang, Yun Han Chen, Hao-Ping Lee, Yung-Ju Chang
Research shows that smartphone users often attend to phone notifications that are in the middle of the notification list. This suggests a mismatch between the display order and the users' attendance order on the notifications. Yet, we know little about how users would like their notifications to be sorted and presented. This paper presents the preliminary results of a mixed-methods study of the difference between smartphone users' attendance order and their desired display order of smartphone notifications. Our preliminary results show that a mismatch between attendance order and desired display order existed in nearly half of cases. Specifically, many users desired certain categories of notifications to be placed higher in their notification drawers than their actual notification-attendance behaviors would tend to suggest. Additionally, while our participants felt that some notifications have low-attractiveness senders or content, such as shopping-related ones, they would want the system to give them a higher priority.
研究表明,智能手机用户经常关注位于通知列表中间的手机通知。这表明通知上的显示顺序和用户出勤顺序不匹配。然而,我们对用户希望他们的通知如何排序和呈现知之甚少。本文介绍了一种混合方法研究智能手机用户的出勤顺序和他们期望的智能手机通知显示顺序之间的差异的初步结果。我们的初步结果表明,在近一半的情况下,考勤顺序与期望的显示顺序不匹配。具体来说,许多用户希望将某些类别的通知放在通知抽屉中的位置高于他们实际的通知出席行为所建议的位置。此外,虽然我们的参与者觉得一些通知的发件人或内容不太吸引人,比如与购物相关的通知,但他们希望系统给他们更高的优先级。
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引用次数: 1
Relay strategy in online mobile games: a data-driven approach 网络手机游戏中的中继策略:数据驱动方法
Guowei Zhu, Kan Lv, Ge Ma, Weixi Gu
With the booming of online mobile games (OMGs), game operators need to provide high-quality game service for users. Using relay has become the de factor approach for game streaming today, because it is easy to use (e.g., game sessions can be redirected via CDN servers) and has good scalability. Today, it has become the norm rather than the exception for game operators to hire CDN servers for their game services in a pay-per-use manner to serve massive users. Given the limited resource, selecting game sessions which are relayed has become a critical decision that can significantly affect users' quality of experience (QoE). Conventional strategies are generally rule-based, e.g., assigning game sessions to relay paths according to their past network performance, but cannot guarantee any particular QoE level because network performance dynamically changes. In this paper, we propose using data-driven approach to study network performance of game sessions in temporal and spatial patterns. Our findings indicate that there is obvious regularity for network performance of game sessions in temporal and spatial patterns. We design a machine learning-based predictive model to capture the quality of a game session given particular network performance metrics. Based on that, we strategically assign game sessions to relay paths to maximize the overall QoE. Trace-driven experiments are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our design.
随着网络手机游戏的蓬勃发展,游戏运营商需要为用户提供高质量的游戏服务。使用中继已经成为当今游戏流的关键方法,因为它易于使用(例如,游戏会话可以通过CDN服务器重定向)并且具有良好的可扩展性。如今,游戏运营商以按次付费的方式为他们的游戏服务雇佣CDN服务器已经成为一种常态,而不是例外。考虑到有限的资源,选择传递的游戏会话已经成为一个重要的决定,可以显著影响用户的体验质量(QoE)。传统策略通常是基于规则的,例如,根据过去的网络性能分配游戏会话到中继路径,但不能保证任何特定的QoE水平,因为网络性能是动态变化的。在本文中,我们建议使用数据驱动的方法来研究游戏会话在时间和空间模式下的网络性能。我们的研究结果表明,游戏会话的网络表现在时间和空间模式上具有明显的规律性。我们设计了一个基于机器学习的预测模型来捕捉给定特定网络性能指标的游戏会话的质量。基于此,我们策略性地将游戏回合分配给中继路径,以最大化整体QoE。踪迹驱动实验证明了我们的设计的有效性和效率。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional well-being in smart environments: an experiment with EEG 智能环境下的情绪健康:脑电图实验
Fatema Sultana Chowdhury, Lauri Lovén, Marta Cortés, Eija Halkola, T. Seppänen, S. Pirttikangas
Well-being in smart environments refers to the mental, physiological and emotional states of people passing through environments where sensors, actuators and computers are intertwined with everyday tasks. In that context, well-being must be measurable and, to some extent, susceptible to external influence within the short time-spans that people spend in those environments. Continuing our previous studies, we evaluate an experiment for well-being measurement and control, introducing EEG observations in the experiment. EEG, as an immediate and objective proxy of one's mental, physiological and emotional state, provides ground truth for comparisons between sensors in the smart environment. We concentrate on the test subject's emotional state, observed by way of comparing changes in the alpha frequency power levels in the left and right frontal cortical areas, respectively corresponding to positive and negative emotions. The results show that our experimental set-up induces significant changes in the test subject's emotional state, paving the way for further studies on influencing personal well-being.
智能环境中的幸福感是指人们在传感器、执行器和计算机与日常任务交织在一起的环境中所处的心理、生理和情绪状态。在这种情况下,幸福必须是可衡量的,并且在某种程度上,在人们在这些环境中度过的短暂时间内容易受到外部影响。在之前研究的基础上,我们评估了一个幸福感测量和控制实验,并在实验中引入了脑电图观察。EEG作为一个人的精神、生理和情绪状态的直接和客观的代理,为智能环境中传感器之间的比较提供了基础事实。我们关注被试的情绪状态,通过比较左、右额叶皮质区分别对应积极情绪和消极情绪的α频率功率水平的变化来观察。结果表明,我们的实验设置引起了被试情绪状态的显著变化,为进一步研究影响个人幸福感铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Hierarchical classification using ML/DL for sussex-huawei locomotion-transportation (SHL) recognition challenge 基于ML/DL的sussex-huawei移动-运输(SHL)识别挑战的分层分类
Y. Tseng, Hsien-Ting Lin, Yi-Hao Lin, Jyh-cheng Chen
In this paper, our team, SensingGO, presents a hierarchical classifier for Sussex-Huawei Locomotion-Transportation (SHL) recognition challenge. We first separate the original data into motorized activities and non-motorized activities in the first layer of the classifier by using accelerometer data. For the non-motorized activities, we calculate auto-correlation values with accelerometer data as input features. For the motorized activities, we take magnetometer and barometer with mean, maximum, standard deviation values as input features. Finally, we integrate the recognition results of each layer of the classifier, and the average F1-score is 50% to the validation data.
在本文中,我们的团队SensingGO提出了一种用于sussexhuawei locomotiontransportation (SHL)识别挑战的分层分类器。我们首先利用加速度计数据在分类器的第一层将原始数据分为机动化活动和非机动化活动。对于非机动活动,我们计算自相关值与加速度计数据作为输入特征。对于机动活动,我们取具有均值、最大值、标准差值的磁力计和气压计作为输入特征。最后,我们对分类器各层的识别结果进行整合,平均f1得分为验证数据的50%。
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引用次数: 4
CausalBatch
Lloyd Pellatt, D. Roggen
Deep neural networks consisting of a combination of convolutional feature extractor layers and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent layers are widely used models for activity recognition from wearable sensors ---referred to as DeepConvLSTM architectures hereafter. However, the subtleties of training these models on sequential time series data is not often discussed in the literature. Continuous sensor data must be segmented into temporal 'windows', and fed through the network to produce a loss which is used to update the parameters of the network. If trained naively using batches of randomly selected data as commonly reported, then the temporal horizon (the maximum delay at which input samples can effect the output of the model) of the network is limited to the length of the window. An alternative approach, which we will call CausalBatch training, is to construct batches deliberately such that each consecutive batch contains windows which are contiguous in time with the windows of the previous batch, with only the first batch in the CausalBatch consisting of randomly selected windows. After a given number of consecutive batches (referred to as the CausalBatch duration τ), the LSTM states are reset, new random starting points are chosen from the dataset and a new CausalBatch is started. This approach allows us to increase the temporal horizon of the network without increasing the window size, which enables networks to learn data dependencies on a longer timescale without increasing computational complexity. We evaluate these two approaches on the Opportunity dataset. We find that using the CausalBatch method we can reduce the training time of DeepConvLSTM by up to 90%, while increasing the user-independent accuracy by up to 6.3% and the class weighted F1 score by up to 5.9% compared to the same model trained by random batch training with the best performing choice of window size for the latter. Compared to the same model trained using the same window length, and therefore the same computational complexity and almost identical training time, we observe an 8.4% increase in accuracy and 14.3% increase in weighted F1 score. We provide the source code for all experiments as well as a Pytorch reference implementation of DeepConvLSTM in a public github repository.
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引用次数: 1
Providing architectural support for building privacy-sensitive smart home applications 为构建隐私敏感的智能家居应用提供架构支持
Haojian Jin, Swarun Kumar, Jason I. Hong
In this thesis, we plan to introduce a new IoT app development framework named Peekaboo, which aims to make it much easier for developers to get the granularity of data they actually need rather than always requesting raw data, while also offering architecture support for building privacy features across all the apps. Peekaboo's architectural design philosophy is to factor out repetitive data pre-processing tasks (e.g., face detection, frequency spectrum extraction) from the cloud side onto a user-controlled hub, and support them as a fixed set of open source, reusable, and chainable operators. These operators pre-process raw data to remove unneeded sensitive user information before the data flow to the cloud (and out of the users' control), thus reducing data egress and many potential privacy risks for users. Further, all the IoT apps built with Peekaboo share a common structure of the chainable operators, making it possible to build consistent privacy features beyond individual apps.
在本文中,我们计划引入一个名为Peekaboo的新的物联网应用程序开发框架,其目的是使开发人员更容易获得他们实际需要的数据粒度,而不是总是请求原始数据,同时还为构建所有应用程序的隐私功能提供架构支持。Peekaboo的架构设计理念是将重复的数据预处理任务(例如,人脸检测,频谱提取)从云端分解到用户控制的集集器上,并将其作为一组固定的开源,可重用和可链化的操作来支持。这些运营商对原始数据进行预处理,在数据流向云(并且不受用户控制)之前删除不需要的敏感用户信息,从而减少数据输出和用户的许多潜在隐私风险。此外,所有使用Peekaboo构建的物联网应用程序都共享可链操作的共同结构,从而可以在单个应用程序之外构建一致的隐私功能。
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引用次数: 3
SParking: a win-win data-driven contract parking sharing system 火花:一个双赢的数据驱动合同停车共享系统
Xin Zhu, Shuai Wang, Baoshen Guo, Taiwei Ling, Ziyi Zhou, L. Tu, T. He
With a rapid growth of vehicles in modern cities, searching for a parking space becomes difficult for drivers especially in rush hours. To alleviate parking difficulties and make the most of urban parking resources, contract parking sharing services allow drivers to pay for parking under the consent of owners, reaching a win-win situation. Contract parking sharing services, however, have not yet been prevailingly adopted due to the dynamic parking time which leads to uncertainties for sharing. Thanks to the Internet of things technique, most of modern parking lots record vehicles' fine-grained parking data including entry and exit timestamps for billing purposes. Leveraging the parking data, we analyze and exploit available vacant contract parking spaces. We propose SParking, a shared contract parking system with a win-win data-driven scheduling. SParking consists of (i) a parking time prediction model to exploit reliable periods of free parking spaces and (ii) an optimal scheduling model to allocate free parking spaces to drivers. To verify the effectiveness of SParking, we evaluate our design on seven-month real-world parking data involved with 368 parking lots and 14,704 parking spaces in Wuhan, China. The experimental results show that SParking achieves more than 90% of accuracy in parking time prediction and the average utilization rate of contract parking spaces is improved by 35%.
随着现代城市中车辆的快速增长,寻找停车位对司机来说变得很困难,尤其是在高峰时段。为了缓解停车困难,最大限度地利用城市停车资源,合同停车共享服务允许司机在车主同意的情况下支付停车费用,实现双赢。然而,由于停车时间是动态的,导致共享的不确定性,合同停车共享服务尚未得到普遍采用。得益于物联网技术,现代停车场大多记录车辆的细粒度停车数据,包括进出时间戳,用于计费。利用停车数据,我们分析和开发可用的空置合同停车位。我们提出了spark,一个共享合同停车系统,具有双赢的数据驱动调度。spark包括:(1)停车时间预测模型,以开发可靠的空闲车位周期;(2)最优调度模型,将空闲车位分配给驾驶员。为了验证spark的有效性,我们对我们的设计进行了为期7个月的真实停车数据评估,涉及中国武汉的368个停车场和14,704个停车位。实验结果表明,该算法的停车时间预测准确率达到90%以上,合同车位的平均利用率提高了35%。
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引用次数: 2
Do we breathe the same air? 我们呼吸同样的空气吗?
Rishiraj Adhikary, Nipun Batra
91% of the world's population lives in areas where air pollution exceeds safety limits1. Research has focused on monitoring ambient air pollution, but individual exposure to air pollution is not equal to ambient and is thus important to measure. Our work (in progress) measures individual exposures of different categories of people on an academic campus. We highlight some anecdotal findings and surprising insights from monitoring, such as a) Indoor CO2 concentration of 1.8 times higher than the permissible limit. Over 10 times the WHO limit of PM2.5 exposure during b) construction-related activities, and c) cooking (despite the use of exhaust). We also found that during transit, the PM2.5 exposure is at least two times higher than indoor. Our current work though in progress, already shows important findings affecting different people associated with an academic campus. In the future, we plan to do a more exhaustive study and reduce the form factor and energy needs for our sensors to scale the study.
世界上91%的人口生活在空气污染超过安全限度的地区。研究的重点是监测环境空气污染,但个人暴露于空气污染并不等于环境污染,因此测量很重要。我们的工作(正在进行中)测量了不同类别的人在学术校园中的个人暴露。我们重点介绍了一些从监测中得到的轶事发现和令人惊讶的见解,例如a)室内二氧化碳浓度比允许限值高1.8倍。在b)建筑相关活动和c)烹饪(尽管使用废气)期间,PM2.5暴露量是世卫组织限值的10倍以上。我们还发现,在运输过程中,PM2.5暴露量至少是室内的两倍。我们目前的工作虽然还在进行中,但已经显示出影响与学术校园相关的不同人群的重要发现。未来,我们计划进行更详尽的研究,减少传感器的外形尺寸和能源需求,以扩大研究规模。
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引用次数: 3
Wearable epilepsy seizure monitor user interface evaluation: an evaluation of the empatica 'embrace' interface 可穿戴式癫痫发作监测仪用户界面评价:对共情式“拥抱”界面的评价
Tendai Rukasha, Sandra I. Woolley, Tim Collins
Wearable health devices have the potential to incentivize individuals in health-promoting behaviors and to assist in the monitoring of health conditions. Wearable epilepsy seizure monitoring devices are now evolving that can support individuals and their caregivers via the automated sensing, reporting and logging of epileptic seizures. This work contributes a novel reflection on the interface requirements of wearer users and non-wearer stakeholder users. We evaluate the "guessability" of the light pattern interface of the Empatica Embrace wrist-worn epileptic seizure monitor and provide box plot results for eight interface indications. We also report summarised feedback from a heuristic analysis with fourteen participant evaluators. The results indicate some satisfaction with the minimal aesthetic of a simple light pattern interface as well as some concerns about confusion between different indications, accessibility and reliance on recall.
可穿戴健康设备有可能激励个人促进健康的行为,并协助监测健康状况。可穿戴癫痫发作监测设备正在不断发展,可以通过自动感知、报告和记录癫痫发作来支持个人及其护理人员。这项工作有助于对佩戴者用户和非佩戴者利益相关者用户的界面需求进行新颖的反思。我们评估了Empatica Embrace腕戴式癫痫发作监测仪的光模式界面的“可猜测性”,并提供了8个界面适应症的箱形图结果。我们还报告了来自14名参与者评估者的启发式分析的总结反馈。结果表明,一些人对简单的光模式界面的最小美学感到满意,同时也担心不同指示之间的混淆,可访问性和对回忆的依赖。
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引用次数: 4
Dedicated algorithm based on discrete cosine transform for the analysis of industrial processes using ultrasound tomography 基于离散余弦变换的工业过程超声成像分析专用算法
Mariusz Mazurek, T. Rymarczyk, Konrad Kania, G. Kłosowski
The article presents a cyber-physical system for acquiring, processing and reconstructing images from measurement data. The technology is based on process tomography, intelligent sensors, machine learning, Big Data, Cloud Computing, as well as Internet of Things as a solution for industry 4.0. Industrial tomography allows observation of physical and chemical phenomena without the need for internal penetration, in a non-destructive way and allows monitoring of manufacturing processes in real time. The application contains a dedicated algorithm based on discrete cosine transformation to solve the inverse problem and a specialized intelligent system for tomographic measurements.
本文介绍了一种从测量数据中获取、处理和重建图像的信息物理系统。该技术基于过程断层扫描、智能传感器、机器学习、大数据、云计算以及物联网作为工业4.0的解决方案。工业断层扫描允许观察物理和化学现象,而无需内部渗透,以非破坏性的方式,并允许实时监控制造过程。该应用程序包含基于离散余弦变换的专用算法来解决逆问题,以及用于层析测量的专用智能系统。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Adjunct Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers
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