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Adjunct Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers最新文献

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RCH RCH
Guodong Li, R. Ma, Xinyu Liu, Yue Wang, Lin Zhang
Air pollution has become one of the major threats to human health. Conventional approaches for air pollution monitoring use precise professional devices, but cannot achieve dense deployment due to high cost. Therefore, systems consisting of low-cost sensors are applied as a supplement to obtain fine-grained pollution information. In order to maintain the accuracy of these low-cost sensors, it is essential to calibrate them to minimize the impact from sensor drifts. Existing field calibration methods utilize the real-time data from spatially-adjacent official air quality stations as reference. However, the real-time reference is not always accessible under existing station deployment. In this paper, we propose the Robust Calibration approach using Historical data (RCH) for low-cost air quality sensors. Our method corrects the sensor drift by adapting sensitivity and offset based on pollutant's concentration distribution. Experiments on NO2 data from real-world deployment in Foshan, China show that RCH has the similar performance compared with existing field calibration methods using real-time and spatially-adjacent references. It demonstrates that RCH can improve the accuracy and consistency of low-cost air quality sensors without the help of real-time and nearby reference data.
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引用次数: 5
Evaluation of federated learning aggregation algorithms: application to human activity recognition 评价联邦学习聚合算法:在人类活动识别中的应用
Sannara Ek, François Portet, P. Lalanda, Germán Vega
Pervasive computing promotes the integration of connected electronic devices in our living spaces in order to assist us through appropriate services. Two major developments have gained significant momentum recently: a better use of fog resources and the use of AI techniques. Specifically, interest in machine learning approaches for engineering applications has increased rapidly. This paradigm seems to fit the pervasive environment well. However, federated learning has been applied so far to specific services and remains largely conceptual. It needs to be tested extensively on pervasive services partially located in the fog. In this paper, we present experiments performed in the domain of Human Activity Recognition on smartphones in order to evaluate existing algorithms.
普适计算促进了我们生活空间中连接电子设备的集成,以便通过适当的服务来帮助我们。最近有两项重大发展取得了显著进展:更好地利用雾资源和使用人工智能技术。具体来说,对工程应用中的机器学习方法的兴趣迅速增加。这种范式似乎很适合普遍的环境。然而,到目前为止,联邦学习已经应用于特定的服务,并且在很大程度上仍然是概念性的。它需要在部分位于雾中的普遍服务上进行广泛的测试。在本文中,我们提出了在智能手机上的人类活动识别领域进行的实验,以评估现有算法。
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引用次数: 29
MCoMat MCoMat
S. S. Alia, P. Lago, Sozo Inoue
Existing performance metrics assess classifiers on single granularity layer. Having multi-layer labels is also possible such as activity recognition datasets. Semantic annotations could be given with multiple granularity layers in these datasets e.g., activity and the current step within that activity like: cooking and taking ingredients from fridge. Recognizing both layers is important i.e., remote monitoring of patients with dementia. To evaluate a classifier for both layers concurrently, a new performance metric is required. However, it is not easy to design as there are many underlying issues: the relation between the layers and the impact of class imbalance. This work proposes a new metric for evaluating multi-layer labeled dataset considering the mentioned factors and is applied on two datasets. It is found that it can assess the performance of a model classifying activities at two different granularity layers and give more insightful results i.e. reflecting performance for each layer.
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引用次数: 1
Nurse care activity recognition: using random forest to handle imbalanced class problem 护理活动识别:利用随机森林处理班级失衡问题
Arafat Rahman, Nazmun Nahid, I. Hassan, Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad
Nurse care activity recognition is a new challenging research field in human activity recognition (HAR) because unlike other activity recognition, it has severe class imbalance problem and intra-class variability depending on both the subject and the receiver. In this paper, we applied the Random Forest-based resampling method to solve the class imbalance problem in the Heiseikai data, nurse care activity dataset. This method consists of resampling, feature selection based on Gini impurity, and model training and validation with Stratified KFold cross-validation. By implementing the Random Forest classifier, we achieved 65.9% average cross-validation accuracy in classifying 12 activities conducted by nurses in both lab and real-life settings. Our team, "Britter Baire" developed this algorithmic pipeline for "The 2nd Nurse Care Activity Recognition Challenge Using Lab and Field Data".
护理活动识别是人类活动识别(HAR)中一个具有挑战性的新研究领域,因为它与其他活动识别不同,存在严重的班级不平衡问题和班级内对主体和接受者的差异。在本文中,我们应用基于随机森林的重采样方法来解决平生会数据、护理活动数据集的类不平衡问题。该方法包括重采样、基于基尼杂质的特征选择、分层KFold交叉验证的模型训练和验证。通过实施随机森林分类器,我们在实验室和现实环境中对护士进行的12项活动进行分类,平均交叉验证准确率达到65.9%。我们的团队“Britter Baire”为“使用实验室和现场数据的第二届护士护理活动识别挑战”开发了这个算法管道。
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引用次数: 7
Mobile vocabulometer: a context-based learning mobile application to enhance English vocabulary acquisition 手机词汇表:一款基于情境学习的手机应用,旨在提高英语词汇习得
K. Yamaguchi, M. Iwata, Andrew W. Vargo, K. Kise
Vocabulary acquisition is the basis of learning a language, and using flashcards applications is a popular method for learners to memorize the meaning of unknown words. Unfortunately, this method alone is not effective for learners to remember the meaning of words when they appear in sentences. To solve this, we developed the Mobile Vocabulometer which allows users to acquire new vocabulary with context-based learning. Based on the correlation between comprehension and interests, we use the learning materials that adapt to users' interests and language skills. This system harnesses the power of the original Vocabulometer, and modifies it to be effective for mobile learning. An experiment on Japanese university students showed that, overall, learners achieved better results compared to using a simple flashcard application. This result indicates that this system provides a significant advantage over context-free learning systems.
词汇习得是学习语言的基础,使用抽认卡是学习者记忆生词的常用方法。不幸的是,这种方法本身并不能有效地让学习者记住句子中出现的单词的意思。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了移动词汇表,它允许用户通过基于上下文的学习来获取新词汇。基于理解和兴趣之间的相关性,我们使用适合用户兴趣和语言技能的学习材料。该系统利用了原始词汇表的强大功能,并对其进行了修改,使其能够有效地用于移动学习。一项针对日本大学生的实验表明,总的来说,与使用简单的抽认卡应用程序相比,学习者取得了更好的成绩。这一结果表明,该系统比无上下文学习系统具有显著的优势。
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引用次数: 6
Naqaab: towards health sensing and persuasion via masks Naqaab:通过面具来感知和说服健康
Rishiraj Adhikary, Tanmay Srivastava, Prerna Khanna, Aabhas Asit Senapati, Nipun Batra
Given the pandemic and the high air pollution in large parts of the world, masks have become ubiquitous. In this poster, we present our vision and work-in-progress (WIP) towards leveraging the ubiquity of masks for health sensing and persuasion. We envision masks to monitor health-related parameters such as i) temperature; ii) lung activity, among others. We also envision that retrofitting masks with sensors and display to show localized pollution can create awareness about air pollution. In this WIP, we present a smart mask, Naqaab1, that measures forced vital capacity (FVC) of the lung using a retrofitted microphone. We evaluated the measured lung parameter on eight persons using an Incentive Spirometer2 and found that our smart mask accurately measures incentive lung capacity. Naqaab also measures pollution exposure and indicates via different LED colours. We envision using such a system for eco feedback.
鉴于疫情和世界大部分地区的严重空气污染,口罩已经无处不在。在这张海报中,我们展示了我们的愿景和正在进行的工作(WIP),即利用无处不在的口罩进行健康感知和说服。我们设想口罩可以监测与健康有关的参数,例如i)温度;Ii)肺活动等。我们还设想,在口罩上加装传感器和显示器,以显示局部污染,可以提高人们对空气污染的认识。在这个WIP中,我们提出了一种智能口罩Naqaab1,它使用一个改装的麦克风来测量肺的用力肺活量(FVC)。我们使用激励性肺活量计评估了8个人的肺参数,发现我们的智能口罩准确地测量了激励性肺活量。Naqaab还测量污染暴露,并通过不同的LED颜色指示。我们设想使用这样一个系统进行生态反馈。
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引用次数: 3
Implementing text-to-speech tools for community radio in remote regions of Romania 在罗马尼亚偏远地区为社区广播电台实施文本转语音工具
Kristen M. Scott, S. Ashby, R. Cibin
The use of text-to-speech (TTS) technology to generate radio content is largely unexplored, despite the importance of radio, in particular in remote parts of the world where TTS offers a robust means of transforming existing data into media for low-literate audiences and those without regular internet access. Is synthetic speech able to meet the expectations of radio listeners and add value to community radio stations in remote areas? We present a preliminary analysis of the design and use of TTS applications in the context of two emerging community radio stations in rural Romania. We find that while the applications developed so far are generally perceived as useful for the running of the station, future work should focus on identifying additional use cases that add value beyond that of 'filling time' or simply replacing the need for a human voice.
尽管广播很重要,但利用文本到语音(TTS)技术生成广播内容在很大程度上尚未得到探索,特别是在世界偏远地区,TTS为文化水平低和没有定期互联网接入的听众提供了将现有数据转化为媒体的有力手段。合成语音是否能够满足广播听众的期望,并为偏远地区的社区广播电台增加价值?我们提出了在罗马尼亚农村两个新兴社区广播电台的背景下设计和使用TTS应用程序的初步分析。我们发现,虽然到目前为止开发的应用程序通常被认为对电台的运行有用,但未来的工作应该集中在确定额外的用例上,这些用例除了“填补时间”或仅仅取代对人类声音的需求之外,还能增加价值。
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引用次数: 3
TangToys
Kieran Woodward, E. Kanjo, David J. Brown, B. Inkster
Children can find it challenging to communicate their emotions especially when experiencing mental health challenges. Technological solutions may help children communicate digitally and receive support from one another as advances in networking and sensors enable the real-time transmission of physical interactions. In this work, we pursue the design of multiple tangible user interfaces designed for children containing multiple sensors and feedback actuators. Bluetooth is used to provide communication between Tangible Toys (TangToys) enabling peer to peer support groups to be developed and allowing feedback to be issued whenever other children are nearby. TangToys can provide a non-intrusive means for children to communicate their wellbeing through play.
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引用次数: 4
Audio AR to support nature connectedness in people with visual disabilities 音频增强现实技术支持视觉障碍者与自然的联系
Maryam Bandukda, C. Holloway
Nature and outdoor open spaces are good for our mental and physical health; providing space for exercise, relaxation, socializing and exploring nature. Technology plays an important role in how people explore the outdoors, however, despite the prevalence of mobile technologies that promote outdoor mobility, they are often not accessible to people with disabilities. This PhD project explores technologies to promote nature connectedness in blind and partially sighted people. We have conducted formative studies exploring the needs of blind and partially sighted people and barriers that limit their experiences. The next phase of my research will focus on designing auditory augmented reality systems to augment the natural elements in open spaces which are presented to the user in real-time as they navigate the space. We aim to design, implement, and evaluate pervasive auditory augmented reality systems that enhance people's immersive experience and engagement with nature.
自然和户外开放空间对我们的身心健康有益;提供锻炼、放松、社交和探索自然的空间。技术在人们如何探索户外活动方面发挥着重要作用,然而,尽管促进户外活动的移动技术普遍存在,但残疾人往往无法使用这些技术。这个博士项目探索促进盲人和弱视人群自然联系的技术。我们进行了形成性研究,探索盲人和弱视人士的需求以及限制他们体验的障碍。我的下一阶段研究将集中于设计听觉增强现实系统,以增强开放空间中的自然元素,当用户在空间中导航时,这些元素会实时呈现给用户。我们的目标是设计、实施和评估普遍的听觉增强现实系统,以增强人们的沉浸式体验和与自然的接触。
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引用次数: 12
Human activity recognition using multi-input CNN model with FFT spectrograms 基于FFT谱图的多输入CNN模型的人体活动识别
Keiichi Yaguchi, Kazukiyo Ikarigawa, R. Kawasaki, Wataru Miyazaki, Yuki Morikawa, Chihiro Ito, M. Shuzo, Eisaku Maeda
An activity recognition method developed by Team DSML-TDU for the Sussex-Huawei Locomotion-Transportation (SHL) recognition challenge was descrived. Since the 2018 challenge, our team has been developing human activity recognition models based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrograms from mobile sensors. In the 2020 challenge, we developed our model to fit various users equipped with sensors in specific positions. Nine modalities of FFT spectrograms generated from the three axes of the linear accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetic sensor data were used as input data for our model. First, we created a CNN model to estimate four retention positions (Bag, Hand, Hips, and Torso) from the training data and validation data. The provided test data was expected to from Hips. Next, we created another (pre-trained) CNN model to estimate eight activities from a large amount of user 1 training data (Hips). Then, this model was fine-tuned for different users by using the small amount of validation data for users 2 and 3 (Hips). Finally, an F-measure of 96.7% was obtained as a result of 5-fold-cross validation.
描述了由DSML-TDU团队为sussexhuawei运动运输(SHL)识别挑战开发的一种活动识别方法。自2018年的挑战赛以来,我们的团队一直在使用来自移动传感器的快速傅立叶变换(FFT)频谱图开发基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的人类活动识别模型。在2020年的挑战中,我们开发了我们的模型,以适应在特定位置配备传感器的各种用户。从线性加速度计、陀螺仪和磁传感器数据的三个轴生成的FFT频谱图的九种模态被用作我们模型的输入数据。首先,我们创建了一个CNN模型,从训练数据和验证数据中估计四种保持姿势(包、手、臀部和躯干)。所提供的测试数据预计来自Hips。接下来,我们创建了另一个(预训练的)CNN模型,从大量的用户1训练数据(Hips)中估计8个活动。然后,通过使用少量用户2和用户3 (Hips)的验证数据,对该模型进行了针对不同用户的微调。最后,通过5倍交叉验证,f值为96.7%。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Adjunct Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2020 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers
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