Herein, Ni‐rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 or NMC811 cathode material, which is expected to be widely used soon, is coated by crystalline ZrO2 nanoparticles using green and scalable mechanofusion technique with an annealing process. A controllable synergistic effect of ZrO2 coating, as a spherical core–shell morphology with low surface energy, which is ideal for the process of electrode fabrication, and Zr4+ doping is carefully investigated. For the first time, the mechanofusion with the post‐annealing at 800 °C used in this work can finely tune the shell thickness and doping gradient by the diffusion of Zr4+ from the coated ZrO2 shell to the bulk structure of NMC811. The optimized material, namely NMC@Zr‐800 used as the cathode of 18650 cylindrical Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), can provide excellent capacity retention over 1000 cycles at a severe 100% state‐of‐charge (SOC) at 1.0 C. Postmortem analysis shows that the material is stable with less crack formation and transition metal (TM) dissolution than the pristine NMC811 material owing to a synergistic effect of the surface protection by ZrO2 coating and Zr4+ doping. The results demonstrate the practical and scalable approach that will be beneficial for technological advancement in the high‐energy 18650 cylindrical LIBs.
{"title":"Diffusion of Zirconium (IV) Ions from Coated Thick Zirconium Oxide Shell to the Bulk Structure of Ni‐Rich NMC811 Cathode Leading to High‐Performance 18650 Cylindrical Li‐Ion Batteries","authors":"Suchakree Tubtimkuna, Nutthaphon Phattharasupakun, Panyawee Bunyanidhi, Montree Sawangphruk","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200436","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, Ni‐rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 or NMC811 cathode material, which is expected to be widely used soon, is coated by crystalline ZrO2 nanoparticles using green and scalable mechanofusion technique with an annealing process. A controllable synergistic effect of ZrO2 coating, as a spherical core–shell morphology with low surface energy, which is ideal for the process of electrode fabrication, and Zr4+ doping is carefully investigated. For the first time, the mechanofusion with the post‐annealing at 800 °C used in this work can finely tune the shell thickness and doping gradient by the diffusion of Zr4+ from the coated ZrO2 shell to the bulk structure of NMC811. The optimized material, namely NMC@Zr‐800 used as the cathode of 18650 cylindrical Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), can provide excellent capacity retention over 1000 cycles at a severe 100% state‐of‐charge (SOC) at 1.0 C. Postmortem analysis shows that the material is stable with less crack formation and transition metal (TM) dissolution than the pristine NMC811 material owing to a synergistic effect of the surface protection by ZrO2 coating and Zr4+ doping. The results demonstrate the practical and scalable approach that will be beneficial for technological advancement in the high‐energy 18650 cylindrical LIBs.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73874019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kejun Wang, Lei Zhang, Yuecheng Gui, Cheng Fan, Tao Sun, Lining Sun, Qian Wang, Junqiu Zhang, Zhiwu Han
Internal mechanosensors, as the core component of a proprioceptive system, provide vital mechanical information from intelligent devices for adaptive motor control, mechanical fault diagnosis, and machining condition monitoring. However, developing a sophisticated mechanosensory structure that can be widely used is highly desirable to significantly improve the detection performance of internal mechanosensors. Coincidentally, in nature, optimized microscale slits of arachnids (e.g., scorpions and spiders) are ingeniously used as a mechanosensory structure for internal mechanosensilla to efficiently detect the inevitable internal mechanical feedbacks caused by self‐motion and external mechanical stimuli. Biological slit‐based mechano‐sensilla provide an attractive bio‐inspired strategy to use the controllable slit as the sensory structure to improve the perceptual performance of internal mechanosensors. In this study, the structure‐deformation‐performance coupling relationship of slit‐based mechano‐sensilla is explored through experiment and theoretical analysis. An artificial slit‐based mechanosensor is developed by mimicking the combined deformation properties of the slit and the ultrathin cuticular membrane covering the slit tail. This bio‐inspired mechanosensor shows excellent performance in terms of mechanical stability, response time, and sensitivity to mechanical signals. The research on a practical application highlights the importance of the unique basic “design” principles of the slit‐based mechano‐sensilla in improving the proprioceptive capability of smart engineering devices.
{"title":"Mechano‐Sensor for Proprioception Inspired by Ultrasensitive Slit‐Based Mechanosensilla","authors":"Kejun Wang, Lei Zhang, Yuecheng Gui, Cheng Fan, Tao Sun, Lining Sun, Qian Wang, Junqiu Zhang, Zhiwu Han","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200424","url":null,"abstract":"Internal mechanosensors, as the core component of a proprioceptive system, provide vital mechanical information from intelligent devices for adaptive motor control, mechanical fault diagnosis, and machining condition monitoring. However, developing a sophisticated mechanosensory structure that can be widely used is highly desirable to significantly improve the detection performance of internal mechanosensors. Coincidentally, in nature, optimized microscale slits of arachnids (e.g., scorpions and spiders) are ingeniously used as a mechanosensory structure for internal mechanosensilla to efficiently detect the inevitable internal mechanical feedbacks caused by self‐motion and external mechanical stimuli. Biological slit‐based mechano‐sensilla provide an attractive bio‐inspired strategy to use the controllable slit as the sensory structure to improve the perceptual performance of internal mechanosensors. In this study, the structure‐deformation‐performance coupling relationship of slit‐based mechano‐sensilla is explored through experiment and theoretical analysis. An artificial slit‐based mechanosensor is developed by mimicking the combined deformation properties of the slit and the ultrathin cuticular membrane covering the slit tail. This bio‐inspired mechanosensor shows excellent performance in terms of mechanical stability, response time, and sensitivity to mechanical signals. The research on a practical application highlights the importance of the unique basic “design” principles of the slit‐based mechano‐sensilla in improving the proprioceptive capability of smart engineering devices.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73655479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transparent electrodes (TEs) with metal mesh are regarded as a substitute for traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The manufacture of metal mesh based on micro‐molds will be a low‐cost and high‐efficiency method, but the cost‐effective fabrication of micro‐molds with a high aspect ratio (AR) currently faces challenges. Here, a polymer micro‐mold with high AR based on an electric‐field‐driven (EFD) micro‐scale 3D printing and molding process is proposed for the mass production of TEs with metal meshes. The final fabricated flexible transparent electrode (FTE) based on polymer micro‐mold with high AR exhibits superior optoelectronic properties with a figure of merit (FOM) of 1800, as well as excellent mechanical stability with a slight increase in the sheet resistance (Rs) during cyclic bending, scratching, torsion, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, the fabricated rigid TE based on polymer micro‐mold shows remarkable performance and stability with a FOM of 2500, a negligible increase in the Rs under harsh working conditions, and a robust heating cycle. Whether used for the manufacture of FTEs or rigid TEs, the polymer micro‐mold shows good service life. This strategy provides support for the efficient and environmentally friendly mass production of high‐performance TEs.
{"title":"Low Cost and Facile Fabrication of a Micro‐Mold with High Aspect Ratio for Transparent Electrodes with Metal Mesh Using Micro‐Scale 3D Printing","authors":"Luanfa Sun, Rui Wang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Hongke Li, Jinbao Zhang, Fei Wang, Guangming Zhang, Jianjun Yang, Zilong Peng, Yuan-Fang Zhang, Hongbo Lan","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200584","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent electrodes (TEs) with metal mesh are regarded as a substitute for traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The manufacture of metal mesh based on micro‐molds will be a low‐cost and high‐efficiency method, but the cost‐effective fabrication of micro‐molds with a high aspect ratio (AR) currently faces challenges. Here, a polymer micro‐mold with high AR based on an electric‐field‐driven (EFD) micro‐scale 3D printing and molding process is proposed for the mass production of TEs with metal meshes. The final fabricated flexible transparent electrode (FTE) based on polymer micro‐mold with high AR exhibits superior optoelectronic properties with a figure of merit (FOM) of 1800, as well as excellent mechanical stability with a slight increase in the sheet resistance (Rs) during cyclic bending, scratching, torsion, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, the fabricated rigid TE based on polymer micro‐mold shows remarkable performance and stability with a FOM of 2500, a negligible increase in the Rs under harsh working conditions, and a robust heating cycle. Whether used for the manufacture of FTEs or rigid TEs, the polymer micro‐mold shows good service life. This strategy provides support for the efficient and environmentally friendly mass production of high‐performance TEs.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83079836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longmei Song, Enze Xu, Yongqiang Yu, Jianyong Jie, Yu Xia, Shirong Chen, Yang Jiang, Gaobin Xu, Dachuang Li, Jiansheng Jie
A high Schottky barrier height (ΦB) is one of the essential prerequisites for achieving high‐performance self‐powered Schottky‐barrier diode (SBD)‐based photodetector. The ΦB value is predominantly determined by the metal function and interface quality of the metal/semiconductor contact. 2D MXenes with adjustable work functions and dangling bond‐free properties are promising building blocks for constructing self‐powered SBD with high ΦB. Herein, a novel Ti3C2Tx MXene/Si hexagonal microhole array (SiHMA) van der Waals SBD is developed for the first time via a feasible solution process. Significantly, the device possesses a large ΦB up to ≈1.07 eV, which is among the highest for the Si‐based SBD. In consequence, the Ti3C2Tx/SiHMA SBD yields a large responsivity up to 302 mA W−1 and detectivity as high as 5.4 × 1013 Jones in a self‐powered model, surpassing the performance of most 2D material/Si photodiodes reported to date. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that featured and reliable fingertip photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals can be detected using the self‐powered SBD, enabling us to further accurately extract the heart rate (HR), and blood pressures (BP) using the PPG‐only method. This work paves the way for the construction of high‐performance MXenes‐based self‐powered SBDs for health monitoring.
高肖特基势垒高度(ΦB)是实现高性能自供电肖特基势垒二极管(SBD)光电探测器的必要先决条件之一。ΦB值主要由金属功能和金属/半导体接触的界面质量决定。具有可调节工作功能和悬空无键特性的2D MXenes是构建具有高ΦB自供电SBD的有希望的构建模块。本文通过一种可行的溶液工艺，首次开发了一种新型的Ti3C2Tx MXene/Si六方微孔阵列(SiHMA)范德瓦尔斯微孔阵列。值得注意的是，该器件具有高达≈1.07 eV的巨大ΦB，这是硅基SBD中最高的。因此，Ti3C2Tx/SiHMA SBD在自供电模型中产生高达302 mA W - 1的高响应率和高达5.4 × 1013 Jones的探测率，超过了迄今为止报道的大多数2D材料/Si光电二极管的性能。此外，研究表明，使用自供电的SBD可以检测到特征和可靠的指尖光电容积图(PPG)信号，使我们能够使用仅PPG的方法进一步准确地提取心率(HR)和血压(BP)。这项工作为构建用于健康监测的高性能MXenes自供电sdd铺平了道路。
{"title":"High‐Barrier‐Height Ti3C2Tx/Si Microstructure Schottky Junction‐Based Self‐Powered Photodetectors for Photoplethysmographic Monitoring","authors":"Longmei Song, Enze Xu, Yongqiang Yu, Jianyong Jie, Yu Xia, Shirong Chen, Yang Jiang, Gaobin Xu, Dachuang Li, Jiansheng Jie","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200555","url":null,"abstract":"A high Schottky barrier height (ΦB) is one of the essential prerequisites for achieving high‐performance self‐powered Schottky‐barrier diode (SBD)‐based photodetector. The ΦB value is predominantly determined by the metal function and interface quality of the metal/semiconductor contact. 2D MXenes with adjustable work functions and dangling bond‐free properties are promising building blocks for constructing self‐powered SBD with high ΦB. Herein, a novel Ti3C2Tx MXene/Si hexagonal microhole array (SiHMA) van der Waals SBD is developed for the first time via a feasible solution process. Significantly, the device possesses a large ΦB up to ≈1.07 eV, which is among the highest for the Si‐based SBD. In consequence, the Ti3C2Tx/SiHMA SBD yields a large responsivity up to 302 mA W−1 and detectivity as high as 5.4 × 1013 Jones in a self‐powered model, surpassing the performance of most 2D material/Si photodiodes reported to date. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that featured and reliable fingertip photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals can be detected using the self‐powered SBD, enabling us to further accurately extract the heart rate (HR), and blood pressures (BP) using the PPG‐only method. This work paves the way for the construction of high‐performance MXenes‐based self‐powered SBDs for health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73800993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terrain adaptation and amphibious landing pose the greatest challenges for soft amphibious robots. Based on the principles of tortoises, this paper presents a fully 3D‐printed soft amphibious robot with four pneumatic bionic legs that are capable of bending in three dimensions. The gaits of the robot are described in six different ways and a dynamic model is developed for its control. In addition to linear motion (0.97 BL s−1) and turning (25.4° s−1) on rigid terrain, the robot can also maneuver on various surface conditions (such as hills, gaps, smooth slopes, gravel, sand, muddy terrain, and water), and even make an amphibious landing. These properties, together with the soft amphibious robot's continuous obstacle avoidance capabilities, high load‐carrying capacity (28 times its own weight), low cost, and high camouflage, allow for a wide variety of applications.
地形适应和两栖着陆是软两栖机器人面临的最大挑战。基于陆龟的原理，本文提出了一种全3D打印的柔性两栖机器人，该机器人具有四条能够在三维空间弯曲的气动仿生腿。用六种不同的方式描述了机器人的步态，并建立了机器人的动态控制模型。除了在刚性地形上的直线运动(0.97 BL s - 1)和转弯(25.4°s - 1)外，机器人还可以在各种表面条件下进行机动(如山丘，缝隙，光滑的斜坡，砾石，沙子，泥泞的地形和水)，甚至可以进行两栖着陆。这些特性，再加上软两栖机器人的连续避障能力、高承载能力(其自重的28倍)、低成本和高迷彩性，使其具有广泛的应用前景。
{"title":"A Fully 3D‐Printed Tortoise‐Inspired Soft Robot with Terrains‐Adaptive and Amphibious Landing Capabilities","authors":"Ming-Kuen Wu, Xiaoxian Xu, Qianchuan Zhao, W. Afridi, Ningzhe Hou, Rahdar Hussain Afridi, Xingwen Zheng, Chen Wang, Guangming Xie","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200536","url":null,"abstract":"Terrain adaptation and amphibious landing pose the greatest challenges for soft amphibious robots. Based on the principles of tortoises, this paper presents a fully 3D‐printed soft amphibious robot with four pneumatic bionic legs that are capable of bending in three dimensions. The gaits of the robot are described in six different ways and a dynamic model is developed for its control. In addition to linear motion (0.97 BL s−1) and turning (25.4° s−1) on rigid terrain, the robot can also maneuver on various surface conditions (such as hills, gaps, smooth slopes, gravel, sand, muddy terrain, and water), and even make an amphibious landing. These properties, together with the soft amphibious robot's continuous obstacle avoidance capabilities, high load‐carrying capacity (28 times its own weight), low cost, and high camouflage, allow for a wide variety of applications.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85908308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) for full‐color displays based on inkjet printing technology are increasingly attractive. For potential applications, fabricating high‐quality perovskite films with defined‐pixel sizes is crucially important. The key issue is how to control the contact properties between the perovskite ink and a hole transport layer (HTL). In this study, a novel strategy is proposed by using the poly[(9,9‐bis(3′‐((N,N‐dimethyl)‐N‐ethylammonium)‐propyl)‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)] dibromide (PFN‐Br) polar polymer to modify the HTL surface, instead of conventional O2 plasma method. The PFN‐Br can enhance the surface energy of HTLs, including PVK, Poly‐TPD, TFB, etc., and improve the wettability of perovskite inks on the HTL due to its polar quaternary ammonium groups. Besides, the PFN‐Br acts as the easier nucleation to induce a tiny crystallization of perovskites. On the other hand, the diphenyl phosphate liver (DPA) is first used to mix in perovskite inks to optimize the perovskite film phase distribution and the elimination of uncoordinated Pb2+, resulting from interactions between PEA+ and DPA, Pb2+ and DPA, respectively. As a result, a defined‐pixel matrix green quasi‐2D PeLED with the peak external quantum efficiency over 10% via inkjet printing technique is achieved, which is the most efficient matrix green PeLEDs fabricated by inkjet printing technique so far.
{"title":"Inkjet Printing Efficient Defined‐Pixel Matrix Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with a Polar Polymer Modification Layer","authors":"Junjie Wang, Danyang Li, Yunpeng Luo, Jian Wang, Junbiao Peng","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200370","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) for full‐color displays based on inkjet printing technology are increasingly attractive. For potential applications, fabricating high‐quality perovskite films with defined‐pixel sizes is crucially important. The key issue is how to control the contact properties between the perovskite ink and a hole transport layer (HTL). In this study, a novel strategy is proposed by using the poly[(9,9‐bis(3′‐((N,N‐dimethyl)‐N‐ethylammonium)‐propyl)‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)] dibromide (PFN‐Br) polar polymer to modify the HTL surface, instead of conventional O2 plasma method. The PFN‐Br can enhance the surface energy of HTLs, including PVK, Poly‐TPD, TFB, etc., and improve the wettability of perovskite inks on the HTL due to its polar quaternary ammonium groups. Besides, the PFN‐Br acts as the easier nucleation to induce a tiny crystallization of perovskites. On the other hand, the diphenyl phosphate liver (DPA) is first used to mix in perovskite inks to optimize the perovskite film phase distribution and the elimination of uncoordinated Pb2+, resulting from interactions between PEA+ and DPA, Pb2+ and DPA, respectively. As a result, a defined‐pixel matrix green quasi‐2D PeLED with the peak external quantum efficiency over 10% via inkjet printing technique is achieved, which is the most efficient matrix green PeLEDs fabricated by inkjet printing technique so far.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79170941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuai Zhang, Zhenhua Wu, Zekun Liu, Erzhen Mu, Yang Liu, Yongbo Lv, T. Thundat, Zhiyu Hu
Environmental energy source is abundant, inexhaustible, ubiquitous, and free. However, harvesting thermal energy from the environment to generate uninterrupted electricity is still challenging. Herein, a power device to simultaneously harvest energy from the sun and cold space based on a microfabricated thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated with a solar absorber (SA) and radiative cooling emitter (RCE) is reported. Nano‐channel arrays structure is introduced in SA to achieve high broadband light absorption (≈96%) over the entire solar spectrum. Then, a typical RCE is fabricated to demonstrate the great potential of cooperating with SA to create a continuous temperature difference for thermal energy harvesting. Furthermore, a TEG sandwiched between SA and RCE can convert the thermal energy into electricity, which is proved by a chip‐integrated micro‐TEG experimentally. What is more, two self‐generation power devices are designed, and the power generation of the reverse structure demo device (r‐TEG) is 130% of the forward one (f‐TEG) in the daytime and 260% in the nighttime. The results demonstrate a renewable and sustainable thermodynamic green resource on chips for power generation independent of time and geographical restrictions, which is vital for promoting the sun and cold space as viable energy sources beyond traditional technologies.
{"title":"Power Generation on Chips: Harvesting Energy From the Sun and Cold Space","authors":"Shuai Zhang, Zhenhua Wu, Zekun Liu, Erzhen Mu, Yang Liu, Yongbo Lv, T. Thundat, Zhiyu Hu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200478","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental energy source is abundant, inexhaustible, ubiquitous, and free. However, harvesting thermal energy from the environment to generate uninterrupted electricity is still challenging. Herein, a power device to simultaneously harvest energy from the sun and cold space based on a microfabricated thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated with a solar absorber (SA) and radiative cooling emitter (RCE) is reported. Nano‐channel arrays structure is introduced in SA to achieve high broadband light absorption (≈96%) over the entire solar spectrum. Then, a typical RCE is fabricated to demonstrate the great potential of cooperating with SA to create a continuous temperature difference for thermal energy harvesting. Furthermore, a TEG sandwiched between SA and RCE can convert the thermal energy into electricity, which is proved by a chip‐integrated micro‐TEG experimentally. What is more, two self‐generation power devices are designed, and the power generation of the reverse structure demo device (r‐TEG) is 130% of the forward one (f‐TEG) in the daytime and 260% in the nighttime. The results demonstrate a renewable and sustainable thermodynamic green resource on chips for power generation independent of time and geographical restrictions, which is vital for promoting the sun and cold space as viable energy sources beyond traditional technologies.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85409155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youngkyu Hwang, Min Ku Kim, Ze Zhao, Bongjoong Kim, Taehoo Chang, Tengfei Fan, Mohammed Shahrudin Bin Ibrahim, Subra Suresh, Chi Hwan Lee, Nam‐Joon Cho
With the increasing use of soft and flexible electronics, there is a growing need to develop substrate materials that mitigate potential environmental risks associated with non‐degradable electronics waste from synthetic substrate materials. To address this issue, the authors develop a novel, 2D plant‐based substrate termed “sporosubstrate”, which is made of non‐allergenic natural pollen. The pollen particle has a double‐layered architecture with an ultra‐tough sporopollenin exine, and a soft cellulose intine is engineered through an eco‐friendly process. In this manner, a readily available, economical, biodegradable, and biocompatible microgel can be prepared. This microgel can be used to create a variety of flexible shapes with customized mechanical, geometrical, electronic, and functional properties and performance characteristics such as thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability and optical transparency. Moreover, the authors demonstrate here different applications of the flexible natural substrate made of pollen microgel for use in electronic devices for health monitoring and wearable wireless heating. The results of this work point to opportunities for the development of a new class of flexible green electronics based on plant‐based materials in applications such as wearable sensors, implantable devices, and soft robotics.
{"title":"Plant‐Based Substrate Materials for Flexible Green Electronics","authors":"Youngkyu Hwang, Min Ku Kim, Ze Zhao, Bongjoong Kim, Taehoo Chang, Tengfei Fan, Mohammed Shahrudin Bin Ibrahim, Subra Suresh, Chi Hwan Lee, Nam‐Joon Cho","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200446","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing use of soft and flexible electronics, there is a growing need to develop substrate materials that mitigate potential environmental risks associated with non‐degradable electronics waste from synthetic substrate materials. To address this issue, the authors develop a novel, 2D plant‐based substrate termed “sporosubstrate”, which is made of non‐allergenic natural pollen. The pollen particle has a double‐layered architecture with an ultra‐tough sporopollenin exine, and a soft cellulose intine is engineered through an eco‐friendly process. In this manner, a readily available, economical, biodegradable, and biocompatible microgel can be prepared. This microgel can be used to create a variety of flexible shapes with customized mechanical, geometrical, electronic, and functional properties and performance characteristics such as thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability and optical transparency. Moreover, the authors demonstrate here different applications of the flexible natural substrate made of pollen microgel for use in electronic devices for health monitoring and wearable wireless heating. The results of this work point to opportunities for the development of a new class of flexible green electronics based on plant‐based materials in applications such as wearable sensors, implantable devices, and soft robotics.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74740558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xian-Ming Chu, Xiaoqi Jiang, Hui Zhang, Cheng Wang, F. Huang, Xiaoyu Sun, Shikuo Li
Modulating the charge‐transfer pathway is of great significance for boosting the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalysts. Herein, well‐ordered Al doping SrTiO3/TiO2 heterojunction nanorod arrays (Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs) via a two‐step hydrothermal protocol for efficient piezo‐photocatalysis are reported. The piezoelectric field generated by the internal polarization of Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs can be tailored by Al doping content, which could help to modulate the migration and separation of charge carriers. The doping of Al also makes the charge lifetime from 1.14 ns increased to 1.76 ns. Under the co‐excitation of ultrasonic and ultraviolet irradiation, the oxidation rate constant of Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs can reach 0.037 min−1 for the degradation of Rhodamine B molecules, which was 3.42 times higher than that of the un‐doping sample. The piezo‐potential distribution and charge migration within Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs were explored by piezoelectric force microscopy and COMSOL simulation. This work provides a promising solution toward modulating charge carrier migration for boosting photocatalytic activities with the assistance of mechanic vibration.
{"title":"Microstructure Engineering of Al Doped SrTiO3/TiO2 Heterostructure Nanorod Arrays Boosting Piezo‐Photocatalytic Performances","authors":"Xian-Ming Chu, Xiaoqi Jiang, Hui Zhang, Cheng Wang, F. Huang, Xiaoyu Sun, Shikuo Li","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200390","url":null,"abstract":"Modulating the charge‐transfer pathway is of great significance for boosting the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalysts. Herein, well‐ordered Al doping SrTiO3/TiO2 heterojunction nanorod arrays (Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs) via a two‐step hydrothermal protocol for efficient piezo‐photocatalysis are reported. The piezoelectric field generated by the internal polarization of Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs can be tailored by Al doping content, which could help to modulate the migration and separation of charge carriers. The doping of Al also makes the charge lifetime from 1.14 ns increased to 1.76 ns. Under the co‐excitation of ultrasonic and ultraviolet irradiation, the oxidation rate constant of Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs can reach 0.037 min−1 for the degradation of Rhodamine B molecules, which was 3.42 times higher than that of the un‐doping sample. The piezo‐potential distribution and charge migration within Al‐STO/TiO2 HNRAs were explored by piezoelectric force microscopy and COMSOL simulation. This work provides a promising solution toward modulating charge carrier migration for boosting photocatalytic activities with the assistance of mechanic vibration.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75215010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaying Wang, F. Allein, Cécile Floer, N. Boechler, James Friend, O. Vázquez-Mena
A major challenge for negative‐index acoustic metamaterials is increasing their operational frequency to the MHz range in water for applications such as biomedical ultrasound. Herein, a novel technology to realize acoustic metamaterials in water using microstructured silicon chips as unit cells that incorporate silicon nitride membranes and Helmholtz resonators with dimensions below 100 μm fabricated using clean‐room microfabrication technology is presented. The silicon chip unit‐cells are then assembled to form periodic structures that result in a negative‐index metamaterial. Finite‐element method (FEM) simulations of the metamaterial show a negative‐index branch in the dispersion relation in the 0.25–0.35 MHz range. The metamaterial is characterized experimentally using laser‐doppler vibrometry, showing opposite phase and group velocities, a signature of negative‐index materials, and is in close agreement with FEM simulations. The experimental measurements also show that the magnitude of phase and group velocities increase as the frequency increases within the negative‐index band, confirming the negative‐index behavior of the material. Acoustic indices from –1 to –5 are reached with respect to water in the 0.25–0.35 MHz range. The use of silicon technology microfabrication to produce acoustic metamaterials for operation in water opens a new road to reach frequencies relevant for biomedical ultrasound applications.
{"title":"Negative‐Index Acoustic Metamaterial Operating above 100 kHz in Water Using Microstructured Silicon Chips as Unit Cells","authors":"Jiaying Wang, F. Allein, Cécile Floer, N. Boechler, James Friend, O. Vázquez-Mena","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200407","url":null,"abstract":"A major challenge for negative‐index acoustic metamaterials is increasing their operational frequency to the MHz range in water for applications such as biomedical ultrasound. Herein, a novel technology to realize acoustic metamaterials in water using microstructured silicon chips as unit cells that incorporate silicon nitride membranes and Helmholtz resonators with dimensions below 100 μm fabricated using clean‐room microfabrication technology is presented. The silicon chip unit‐cells are then assembled to form periodic structures that result in a negative‐index metamaterial. Finite‐element method (FEM) simulations of the metamaterial show a negative‐index branch in the dispersion relation in the 0.25–0.35 MHz range. The metamaterial is characterized experimentally using laser‐doppler vibrometry, showing opposite phase and group velocities, a signature of negative‐index materials, and is in close agreement with FEM simulations. The experimental measurements also show that the magnitude of phase and group velocities increase as the frequency increases within the negative‐index band, confirming the negative‐index behavior of the material. Acoustic indices from –1 to –5 are reached with respect to water in the 0.25–0.35 MHz range. The use of silicon technology microfabrication to produce acoustic metamaterials for operation in water opens a new road to reach frequencies relevant for biomedical ultrasound applications.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79421306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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