Multilevel (or multistate) electrochromic devices have the potential to achieve highly compact memory capacity while instantaneously transferring data between memory and processing units. In this article, three novel solution‐processable ruthenium‐polymetallaynes (i.e., P1, P2, and P3), in which the redox‐addressable Ru center is covalently embedded into a conjugated organic polymer, are discussed. In pursuit of higher functionality (e.g., stable multistate behavior, low operating voltage), the organic ligand bridging the metal centers is systematically varied. The previously reported P1 has a bithiophene (BT) bridging ligand with a high degree of rotational freedom. By replacing BT with cyclopenta‐dithiophene in P2 and dithieno‐pyrrole (DTP) in P3, both of which are more planar than BT, the degree of freedom is decreased. By using DTP, redox‐matching is achieved between the metal center and organic ligand, leading to extra stability of the mixed‐valence (MV) state in P3. In‐depth experimental (i.e., in situ electron paramagnetic resonance and UV–vis–NIR spectroelectrochemistry) and theoretical studies (i.e., DFT calculations) are carried out on the polymer thin‐films, showing enhanced metal–metal (M–M) interaction in P2 and P3 and stable Robin–Day class III MV compound in P3. These polymers are also first time fabricated into solid‐state electrochromic devices and the stability of each oxidation state is characterized by tracing the change of transmittance over time, showing satisfactory cyclic stability and retention behavior (≈90% retention after 30 min).
{"title":"Synthesis of Novel Ruthenium‐Polymetallaynes and Their Application in Multistate Electrochromic Memory","authors":"Po-Yuen Ho, E. Dmitrieva, Ningwei Sun, O. Guskova, F. Lissel","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200316","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel (or multistate) electrochromic devices have the potential to achieve highly compact memory capacity while instantaneously transferring data between memory and processing units. In this article, three novel solution‐processable ruthenium‐polymetallaynes (i.e., P1, P2, and P3), in which the redox‐addressable Ru center is covalently embedded into a conjugated organic polymer, are discussed. In pursuit of higher functionality (e.g., stable multistate behavior, low operating voltage), the organic ligand bridging the metal centers is systematically varied. The previously reported P1 has a bithiophene (BT) bridging ligand with a high degree of rotational freedom. By replacing BT with cyclopenta‐dithiophene in P2 and dithieno‐pyrrole (DTP) in P3, both of which are more planar than BT, the degree of freedom is decreased. By using DTP, redox‐matching is achieved between the metal center and organic ligand, leading to extra stability of the mixed‐valence (MV) state in P3. In‐depth experimental (i.e., in situ electron paramagnetic resonance and UV–vis–NIR spectroelectrochemistry) and theoretical studies (i.e., DFT calculations) are carried out on the polymer thin‐films, showing enhanced metal–metal (M–M) interaction in P2 and P3 and stable Robin–Day class III MV compound in P3. These polymers are also first time fabricated into solid‐state electrochromic devices and the stability of each oxidation state is characterized by tracing the change of transmittance over time, showing satisfactory cyclic stability and retention behavior (≈90% retention after 30 min).","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91037353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A near-infrared to visible light converter (NVLC) which could emit visible light according to external NIR is fabricated in article number 2200043 by Sheng Bi ,Jinhui Song, and co-workers. The NVLC is an integration of an inverted perovskite QLED and a hybrid PbS quantum dots/graphene transistor. Further, the micron-scale NVLCs are integrated into a matrix device that could sense NIR image and display it into visible light image.
{"title":"Near‐Infrared to Visible Light Converter by Integrating Graphene Transistor into Perovskite Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes (Adv. Mater. Technol. 8/2022)","authors":"Wei Zhao, Sheng Bi, Chengming Jiang, Jinhui Song","doi":"10.1002/admt.202270048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202270048","url":null,"abstract":"A near-infrared to visible light converter (NVLC) which could emit visible light according to external NIR is fabricated in article number 2200043 by Sheng Bi ,Jinhui Song, and co-workers. The NVLC is an integration of an inverted perovskite QLED and a hybrid PbS quantum dots/graphene transistor. Further, the micron-scale NVLCs are integrated into a matrix device that could sense NIR image and display it into visible light image.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72874586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although synaptic devices have already demonstrated their operability through electric or photonic signals or a combination thereof, current challenges include developing a single hardware synaptic device that is independently fully operational through either photonic or electric signals to improve device versatility. Additionally, most previously reported devices are fabricated using multiple technical processes—which impede device implementation—while the low‐output current triggered in most such devices limits the possible integration of auxiliary gadgets. Therefore, by spontaneously wrapping a conjugated block copolymer around single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), a thin‐film transistor memory device comprising single‐layered poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐b‐polyisoprene (PF‐b‐PI)‐wrapped‐SWCNTs—which function as both a semiconductor and an electret layer—to simplify the device structure and fabrication is designed. Owing to the robust SWCNT charge carrier mobility (≈11.3 cm2 V−1 s−1), a high output current (10−4 to 10−3 A) can be achieved and because PF is a photoactive conjugated polymer, the photonic signal can also be modulated. The designed memory device independently exhibits both voltage‐ and light‐controllable switching, thereby mimicking biological synaptic behavior such as short‐ and long‐term plasticity, spike‐time, and spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity. This study may provide a suitable basis for developing more‐convenient, economical, highly versatile synaptic devices.
虽然突触器件已经证明了它们通过电子或光子信号或它们的组合可操作性，但目前的挑战包括开发一个单独的硬件突触器件，它可以通过光子或电信号独立地完全运行，以提高器件的通用性。此外，大多数先前报道的设备都是使用多种技术工艺制造的，这阻碍了设备的实现，而大多数此类设备中触发的低输出电流限制了辅助设备集成的可能性。因此，通过在单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)周围自发包裹共轭嵌段共聚物，设计了一种薄膜晶体管存储器件，该器件由单层聚(9,9 -二辛基芴)- b -聚异戊二烯(PF - b - PI) -包裹的SWCNTs组成，可同时用作半导体和驻极体层，以简化器件结构和制造。由于强大的swcnts载流子迁移率(≈11.3 cm2 V−1 s−1)，可以实现高输出电流(10−4至10−3 a)，并且由于PF是光活性共轭聚合物，光子信号也可以被调制。所设计的记忆器件独立显示电压和光可控开关，从而模仿生物突触行为，如短期和长期可塑性，峰值时间和峰值速率依赖的可塑性。这项研究为开发更方便、经济、高通用性的突触装置提供了良好的基础。
{"title":"Conjugated Polymer‐Wrapped Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Mobility Photonic/Electrical Fully Modulated Synaptic Transistor","authors":"Maina Moses Mburu, Kuan‐Ting Lu, Nathaniel Prine, Ai-Nhan Au-Duong, Wei‐Hung Chiang, X. Gu, Y. Chiu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101506","url":null,"abstract":"Although synaptic devices have already demonstrated their operability through electric or photonic signals or a combination thereof, current challenges include developing a single hardware synaptic device that is independently fully operational through either photonic or electric signals to improve device versatility. Additionally, most previously reported devices are fabricated using multiple technical processes—which impede device implementation—while the low‐output current triggered in most such devices limits the possible integration of auxiliary gadgets. Therefore, by spontaneously wrapping a conjugated block copolymer around single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), a thin‐film transistor memory device comprising single‐layered poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐b‐polyisoprene (PF‐b‐PI)‐wrapped‐SWCNTs—which function as both a semiconductor and an electret layer—to simplify the device structure and fabrication is designed. Owing to the robust SWCNT charge carrier mobility (≈11.3 cm2 V−1 s−1), a high output current (10−4 to 10−3 A) can be achieved and because PF is a photoactive conjugated polymer, the photonic signal can also be modulated. The designed memory device independently exhibits both voltage‐ and light‐controllable switching, thereby mimicking biological synaptic behavior such as short‐ and long‐term plasticity, spike‐time, and spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity. This study may provide a suitable basis for developing more‐convenient, economical, highly versatile synaptic devices.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74431671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microflow Manipulation by Velocity Field Gradient: Spontaneous Patterning of Silver Nanowires for Tailored Flexible Transparent Conductors (Adv. Mater. Technol. 8/2022)","authors":"Lingying Li, Wanli Li, Xuying Liu, Mizuki Tenjimbayashi, H. Segawa, C. Niikura, T. Nakayama, T. Minari","doi":"10.1002/admt.202270046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202270046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84682947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transparent thin‐film piezoelectric transducers are attractive for haptic displays. However, for their widespread use in consumer electronics, innovative and cost‐effective processing methods need to be developed. In this contribution the effectiveness of the deposition of lead zirconate titanate thin films by inkjet printing for the fabrication of haptic devices is demonstrated. The 1,3‐propanediol solvent is used to prepare effective inkjet‐printing inks from chemical solution deposition solutions. The printed thin‐film structures on fused silica glass substrates are 900 nm thick and strongly {100} oriented perovskite phase is detected in X‐ray diffraction patterns. To fabricate devices, interdigitated capacitors and SU‐8 insulation layers are deposited on top of the printed lead zirconate titanate. Dimensions of the final device are 15.7 × 3.4 mm2. A standing antisymmetric Lamb wave is observed at 63.3 kHz, with out‐of‐plane displacement reaching 2 µm at an applied voltage of 100 V. This value exceeds the limit at which the texture rendering function can be induced in the device. Good functional performance of the device is linked with good electromechanical properties of the printed piezoelectric, with permittivity ε ′ and piezoelectric coefficient e33,f values of 1000 and 7.7 C m−2, respectively, which are comparable to films prepared by standard spin‐coating process.
{"title":"Inkjet‐Printed Piezoelectric Thin Films for Transparent Haptics","authors":"S. Glinšek, Longfei Song, V. Kovacova, M. A. Mahjoub, Nicolas Godard, S. Girod, Jean‐Luc Biagi, R. Quintana, T. Schleeh, Matthieu Guédra, M. Rupin, E. Defay","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200147","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent thin‐film piezoelectric transducers are attractive for haptic displays. However, for their widespread use in consumer electronics, innovative and cost‐effective processing methods need to be developed. In this contribution the effectiveness of the deposition of lead zirconate titanate thin films by inkjet printing for the fabrication of haptic devices is demonstrated. The 1,3‐propanediol solvent is used to prepare effective inkjet‐printing inks from chemical solution deposition solutions. The printed thin‐film structures on fused silica glass substrates are 900 nm thick and strongly {100} oriented perovskite phase is detected in X‐ray diffraction patterns. To fabricate devices, interdigitated capacitors and SU‐8 insulation layers are deposited on top of the printed lead zirconate titanate. Dimensions of the final device are 15.7 × 3.4 mm2. A standing antisymmetric Lamb wave is observed at 63.3 kHz, with out‐of‐plane displacement reaching 2 µm at an applied voltage of 100 V. This value exceeds the limit at which the texture rendering function can be induced in the device. Good functional performance of the device is linked with good electromechanical properties of the printed piezoelectric, with permittivity ε ′ and piezoelectric coefficient e33,f values of 1000 and 7.7 C m−2, respectively, which are comparable to films prepared by standard spin‐coating process.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84677157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Additive manufacturing of arbitrary shapes and unique architecture provides remarkable flexibility and simplicity for the preparation of highly complex conformal electronics. This drives up demand for electronic materials with excellent process ability and functionality from one‐step molding of microminiature to large‐scale devices. Herein, a novel method is introduced for fabricating high‐performance barium titanate (BaTiO3)‐polydimethylsiloxane composites based on three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing‐ordered structure of a metamaterial skeleton. When subjected to external mechanical stress, the metamaterial structure facilitates effective stress transfer, resulting in a significantly improved voltage output. In comparison to traditional low‐dimensional ceramic polymer composites, metamaterial‐structured BaTiO3 composites exhibit excellent electromechanical energy conversion properties, thereby enabling tactile imitation applications and mechanical energy harvesting. This study proposes a novel strategy for biological signal identification and implantable self‐powered electronic applications.
{"title":"Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Composite Based on a Metamaterial for Electromechanical Energy Conversion","authors":"Zehuan Wang, Jin Cheng, Yan Xie, Yunhan Wang, Zhonghui Yu, Shuai Li, Liuting Li, S. Dong, Hong Wang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200650","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing of arbitrary shapes and unique architecture provides remarkable flexibility and simplicity for the preparation of highly complex conformal electronics. This drives up demand for electronic materials with excellent process ability and functionality from one‐step molding of microminiature to large‐scale devices. Herein, a novel method is introduced for fabricating high‐performance barium titanate (BaTiO3)‐polydimethylsiloxane composites based on three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing‐ordered structure of a metamaterial skeleton. When subjected to external mechanical stress, the metamaterial structure facilitates effective stress transfer, resulting in a significantly improved voltage output. In comparison to traditional low‐dimensional ceramic polymer composites, metamaterial‐structured BaTiO3 composites exhibit excellent electromechanical energy conversion properties, thereby enabling tactile imitation applications and mechanical energy harvesting. This study proposes a novel strategy for biological signal identification and implantable self‐powered electronic applications.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86053440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel process is demonstrated that produces patterns of electrically conductive copper on a flexible polyimide film substrate using standard desktop laser printed toner and near room temperature aqueous chemistry. The laser toner acts as a mask to selectively block the ion exchange self‐metallization (IESM) reduction reaction that forms nanoscale silver or palladium coatings at the polyimide surface. The silver or palladium IESM coating is then used as a catalyst for electroless deposition of copper. Under appropriate conditions, the copper is deposited selectively on top of the catalyst layer. The resulting copper layer has a measured sheet resistance as low as 0.3 Ohms/sq. Electrical isolation is measured between copper traces spaced as close as 300 microns, and high conductivity is measured along traces with widths as low as 200 microns. The minimum pattern size appears to be limited primarily by the resolution of the laser toner pattern, as the IESM metal layer is observed to follow the contours of individual toner particles. The process avoids the use of high temperature, vacuum, and organic solvents and is thus suitable for very low cost prototyping or distributed manufacturing of simple electronic devices.
{"title":"Flexible Copper Metal Circuits via Desktop Laser Printed Masks","authors":"R. Ghosh, Xiaoya Liu, M. Z. Yates","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200400","url":null,"abstract":"A novel process is demonstrated that produces patterns of electrically conductive copper on a flexible polyimide film substrate using standard desktop laser printed toner and near room temperature aqueous chemistry. The laser toner acts as a mask to selectively block the ion exchange self‐metallization (IESM) reduction reaction that forms nanoscale silver or palladium coatings at the polyimide surface. The silver or palladium IESM coating is then used as a catalyst for electroless deposition of copper. Under appropriate conditions, the copper is deposited selectively on top of the catalyst layer. The resulting copper layer has a measured sheet resistance as low as 0.3 Ohms/sq. Electrical isolation is measured between copper traces spaced as close as 300 microns, and high conductivity is measured along traces with widths as low as 200 microns. The minimum pattern size appears to be limited primarily by the resolution of the laser toner pattern, as the IESM metal layer is observed to follow the contours of individual toner particles. The process avoids the use of high temperature, vacuum, and organic solvents and is thus suitable for very low cost prototyping or distributed manufacturing of simple electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83478017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advances in supercapacitive pressure sensors based on iontronic film have a significant capacitive response and a low detection limit due to their large capacitance change resulting from electrical double layer (EDL) and these pressure sensors are used to detect a wide range of pressure with high resolution for various applications such as prosthesis, wearable devices, and robotics. Thus, the enhancements to the EDL capacitive response are significantly important challenges for advanced applications with outstanding performances. Herein, an ultra‐sensitive and quick‐responsive hybrid‐supercapacitive iontronic pressure sensor using a novel sensing mechanism and facile fabrication technique is reported to overcome the limitations of the existing iontronic pressure sensors. As a sensing material, conductive polymer and carbon nanotube are incorporated into the iontronic film, as pseudo‐ and EDL‐capacitive material, respectively. Moreover, vinyl silica nanoparticle (VSNP) is used to decrease the recovery time by making the iontronic film quick‐response. The developed hybrid‐supercapacitive pressure sensor exhibited an ultra‐high sensitivity of 301.5 kPa−1 over a wide pressure range of up to 63.3 kPa along with a fast recovery time of ≈32 ms. It is believed that the proposed hybrid‐supercapacitive mechanism in iontronic film will significantly enhance the performance of conventional iontronic pressure sensors.
{"title":"Ultra‐Sensitive and Quick‐Responsive Hybrid‐Supercapacitive Iontronic Pressure Sensor for Intuitive Electronics and Artificial Tactile Applications","authors":"H. Yoon, Seokgyu Ko, Ashok Chhetry, Chani Park, Sudeep Sharma, Sanghyuk Yoon, Dongkyun Kim, Shipeng Zhang, D. Kim, J. Park","doi":"10.1002/admt.202101743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101743","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in supercapacitive pressure sensors based on iontronic film have a significant capacitive response and a low detection limit due to their large capacitance change resulting from electrical double layer (EDL) and these pressure sensors are used to detect a wide range of pressure with high resolution for various applications such as prosthesis, wearable devices, and robotics. Thus, the enhancements to the EDL capacitive response are significantly important challenges for advanced applications with outstanding performances. Herein, an ultra‐sensitive and quick‐responsive hybrid‐supercapacitive iontronic pressure sensor using a novel sensing mechanism and facile fabrication technique is reported to overcome the limitations of the existing iontronic pressure sensors. As a sensing material, conductive polymer and carbon nanotube are incorporated into the iontronic film, as pseudo‐ and EDL‐capacitive material, respectively. Moreover, vinyl silica nanoparticle (VSNP) is used to decrease the recovery time by making the iontronic film quick‐response. The developed hybrid‐supercapacitive pressure sensor exhibited an ultra‐high sensitivity of 301.5 kPa−1 over a wide pressure range of up to 63.3 kPa along with a fast recovery time of ≈32 ms. It is believed that the proposed hybrid‐supercapacitive mechanism in iontronic film will significantly enhance the performance of conventional iontronic pressure sensors.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87478048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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