Fused deposition modeling (FDM) and melt electrowriting (MEW) are techniques that use polymer fibers as building blocks for printing complex 3D structures, with fibers at the macroscopic and micrometer scale. Here, FDM and MEW are used to produce fibers of shape memory polymer at two different scales, and compare the performance of these fibers, in terms of shape fixity, shape recovery, and self‐healing properties. FDM and MEW are used for 4D printing of a shape memory polymer blend of thermoplastic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (30% by wt.) and a soft thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane (70% by wt.) at two different scales. The shape transformation from a programmed temporary state to the printed permanent shape in response to temperature as the stimuli imparts the 4D aspect to the printing. The mean fiber diameter of shape memory polymer produced by FDM and MEW is 340 and 40 µm, respectively. The manufactured fibers show an excellent shape fixity ratio (≈95%) and shape recovery properties (>84%). MEW fibers show a 1.5x faster recovery rate than FDM fibers due to the scaling effect. The excellent shape memory properties are complemented by self‐healing characteristics in the printed fibers. Additionally, MEW of a shape memory polymer is directly performed on a cylindrical collector to obtain tubular constructs which can potentially be used as stents for coronary or vascular applications.
{"title":"Performance Comparison of Shape Memory Polymer Structures Printed by Fused Deposition Modeling and Melt Electrowriting","authors":"Biranche Tandon, Nasim Sabahi, Reza Farsi, Taavet Kangur, Giovanni Boero, Arnaud Bertsch, Xiaopeng Li, Juergen Brugger","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400466","url":null,"abstract":"Fused deposition modeling (FDM) and melt electrowriting (MEW) are techniques that use polymer fibers as building blocks for printing complex 3D structures, with fibers at the macroscopic and micrometer scale. Here, FDM and MEW are used to produce fibers of shape memory polymer at two different scales, and compare the performance of these fibers, in terms of shape fixity, shape recovery, and self‐healing properties. FDM and MEW are used for 4D printing of a shape memory polymer blend of thermoplastic poly(<jats:italic>ε</jats:italic>‐caprolactone) (30% by wt.) and a soft thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane (70% by wt.) at two different scales. The shape transformation from a programmed temporary state to the printed permanent shape in response to temperature as the stimuli imparts the 4D aspect to the printing. The mean fiber diameter of shape memory polymer produced by FDM and MEW is 340 and 40 µm, respectively. The manufactured fibers show an excellent shape fixity ratio (≈95%) and shape recovery properties (>84%). MEW fibers show a 1.5x faster recovery rate than FDM fibers due to the scaling effect. The excellent shape memory properties are complemented by self‐healing characteristics in the printed fibers. Additionally, MEW of a shape memory polymer is directly performed on a cylindrical collector to obtain tubular constructs which can potentially be used as stents for coronary or vascular applications.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinwei Li, Shuwei Ding, Xinxin Wang, Seng Leong Adrian Tan, Wei Zhai
Lattice structures with customizable acoustical and mechanical properties show significant promise as practical engineering materials. However, the geometry of traditional lattice structures simultaneously dictates both acoustical and mechanical properties, with alterations in one impacting the other, leaving little room for customization. Herein, leveraging the mechanism of Helmholtz resonators, a general recipe is presented to independently introduce sound absorption and mechanical properties in lattice structures. The sound absorption component is based on a perforated plate, while the mechanical component is based on a truss structure. Through a high‐fidelity analytical acoustics model is developed, and finite element analysis outlines the range of properties achievable through the proposed structures. The design encompasses structures with effective absorption, characterized by a resonance peak with coefficient ≥0.7, across almost every frequency in a broad range from 1000 to 5000 Hz, within a range of lattice thicknesses from 21 to 25.5 mm. Also, diverse range of stiffness and strength, and large‐strain deformation modes, can be achieved through the implementation of different trusses. Finally, the concept is validated experimentally through 3D‐printed samples. This innovative approach allows for the tailored creation of lattice structures that specifically address the acoustical and mechanical requirements in diverse applications.
{"title":"Recipe for Simultaneously Achieving Customizable Sound Absorption and Mechanical Properties in Lattice Structures","authors":"Xinwei Li, Shuwei Ding, Xinxin Wang, Seng Leong Adrian Tan, Wei Zhai","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400517","url":null,"abstract":"Lattice structures with customizable acoustical and mechanical properties show significant promise as practical engineering materials. However, the geometry of traditional lattice structures simultaneously dictates both acoustical and mechanical properties, with alterations in one impacting the other, leaving little room for customization. Herein, leveraging the mechanism of Helmholtz resonators, a general recipe is presented to independently introduce sound absorption and mechanical properties in lattice structures. The sound absorption component is based on a perforated plate, while the mechanical component is based on a truss structure. Through a high‐fidelity analytical acoustics model is developed, and finite element analysis outlines the range of properties achievable through the proposed structures. The design encompasses structures with effective absorption, characterized by a resonance peak with coefficient ≥0.7, across almost every frequency in a broad range from 1000 to 5000 Hz, within a range of lattice thicknesses from 21 to 25.5 mm. Also, diverse range of stiffness and strength, and large‐strain deformation modes, can be achieved through the implementation of different trusses. Finally, the concept is validated experimentally through 3D‐printed samples. This innovative approach allows for the tailored creation of lattice structures that specifically address the acoustical and mechanical requirements in diverse applications.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peiyi Guo, Lijun Ma, Qianru Ge, Jun Shi, Shuxin Li, Shulin Ji
Process microminiaturization is in need not only in chip field, but also in sensor‐related industries. Touch panel sensors as an example have their man‐machine interactive performance in high relation with the circuit resolution. Traditional etchings by yellow light or laser encounter their resolution limit of ≈50 µm; moreover, former pollution using chemical etchants and latter damage to flexible substrates are inevitable. This paper demonstrates an efficient and green patterning technology for flexible silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent and conductive films, which can enable complicated patterns on various types of substrates with high resolution of a 30 µm line width and 40 µm line spacing. The approach uses a water‐soluble photosensitive polymer as the selective protection layer to facilitate the removal of unwanted AgNWs through simple water washing. Due to its good water resistance and mechanical properties, the patterned electrodes exhibit excellent flexibility and environmental stability. As a proof of concept, a capacitive proximity sensor is designed using the patterned AgNW electrodes of the micro feature size, which exhibits excellent proximity sensing performance. The developed patterning technology paves the way to miniaturized feature sizes of different optoelectronic devices for wide applications in fields like new‐style displays, man‐machine interaction, IoT sensing and intelligent robots.
{"title":"Precise Patterning of Flexible Transparent and Conductive Films without Chemical Etchings and Applications in Capacitive Proximity Sensors","authors":"Peiyi Guo, Lijun Ma, Qianru Ge, Jun Shi, Shuxin Li, Shulin Ji","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400476","url":null,"abstract":"Process microminiaturization is in need not only in chip field, but also in sensor‐related industries. Touch panel sensors as an example have their man‐machine interactive performance in high relation with the circuit resolution. Traditional etchings by yellow light or laser encounter their resolution limit of ≈50 µm; moreover, former pollution using chemical etchants and latter damage to flexible substrates are inevitable. This paper demonstrates an efficient and green patterning technology for flexible silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent and conductive films, which can enable complicated patterns on various types of substrates with high resolution of a 30 µm line width and 40 µm line spacing. The approach uses a water‐soluble photosensitive polymer as the selective protection layer to facilitate the removal of unwanted AgNWs through simple water washing. Due to its good water resistance and mechanical properties, the patterned electrodes exhibit excellent flexibility and environmental stability. As a proof of concept, a capacitive proximity sensor is designed using the patterned AgNW electrodes of the micro feature size, which exhibits excellent proximity sensing performance. The developed patterning technology paves the way to miniaturized feature sizes of different optoelectronic devices for wide applications in fields like new‐style displays, man‐machine interaction, IoT sensing and intelligent robots.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Wei Zhang, Jun Yan Dai, Geng‐Bo Wu, Ying Juan Lu, Wan Wan Cao, Jing Cheng Liang, Jun Wei Wu, Manting Wang, Zhen Zhang, Jia Nan Zhang, Qiang Cheng, Chi Hou Chan, Tie Jun Cui
In recent years, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been widely used to break the metasurface’s performance ceiling. However, the existing data‐driven ML and DL methods usually require the availability of vast amounts of training data to ensure their stable and accurate performance. The process of acquiring these data is high‐cost due to the need for numerous full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Here, we propose a low‐cost surrogate model to generate these data efficiently. The proposed model employs microwave network theory to separate meta‐elements into four independent components. Through integration with transmission line theory, we derive the EM responses of meta‐elements using analytical representation with the active device equivalent impedance and dielectric as design variables. Two typical phase‐modulation active meta‐elements are employed to verify the accuracy of our macromodel in comparison with full‐wave EM simulations. Based on the developed macromodel, the superior prediction ability is further presented to illustrate the performance of meta‐elements with various active devices and dielectric substrates. The proposed macromodel is a feasible and general method to rapidly obtain the necessary training data of active meta‐elements, which holds a great potential to significantly reduce the designing time of ML and DL models for the active metasurfaces.
近年来，机器学习（ML）和深度学习（DL）被广泛用于打破元表面的性能上限。然而，现有的数据驱动型 ML 和 DL 方法通常需要大量的训练数据才能确保其性能的稳定性和准确性。由于需要进行大量的全波电磁（EM）模拟，获取这些数据的过程成本很高。在此，我们提出了一种低成本代用模型来高效生成这些数据。该模型采用微波网络理论，将元元件分成四个独立的部分。通过与传输线理论的整合，我们利用有源器件等效阻抗和介电质作为设计变量，通过分析表示法推导出元元件的电磁响应。我们采用了两个典型的相位调制有源元元件，通过与全波电磁模拟的比较，验证了我们宏模型的准确性。在开发的宏模型基础上，进一步展示了卓越的预测能力，以说明具有各种有源器件和介质基底的元元件的性能。所提出的宏模型是一种可行的通用方法，可快速获得有源元元件所需的训练数据，在大幅缩短有源元表面的 ML 和 DL 模型设计时间方面具有巨大潜力。
{"title":"Low‐Cost Surrogate Modeling for Expedited Data Acquisition of Reconfigurable Metasurfaces","authors":"Jun Wei Zhang, Jun Yan Dai, Geng‐Bo Wu, Ying Juan Lu, Wan Wan Cao, Jing Cheng Liang, Jun Wei Wu, Manting Wang, Zhen Zhang, Jia Nan Zhang, Qiang Cheng, Chi Hou Chan, Tie Jun Cui","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400850","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been widely used to break the metasurface’s performance ceiling. However, the existing data‐driven ML and DL methods usually require the availability of vast amounts of training data to ensure their stable and accurate performance. The process of acquiring these data is high‐cost due to the need for numerous full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Here, we propose a low‐cost surrogate model to generate these data efficiently. The proposed model employs microwave network theory to separate meta‐elements into four independent components. Through integration with transmission line theory, we derive the EM responses of meta‐elements using analytical representation with the active device equivalent impedance and dielectric as design variables. Two typical phase‐modulation active meta‐elements are employed to verify the accuracy of our macromodel in comparison with full‐wave EM simulations. Based on the developed macromodel, the superior prediction ability is further presented to illustrate the performance of meta‐elements with various active devices and dielectric substrates. The proposed macromodel is a feasible and general method to rapidly obtain the necessary training data of active meta‐elements, which holds a great potential to significantly reduce the designing time of ML and DL models for the active metasurfaces.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoud Jedari Ghourichaei, Umut Kerimzade, Levent Demirkazik, Bartosz Pruchnik, Krzysztof Kwoka, Dominik Badura, Tomasz Piasecki, Alp Timucin Toymus, Onur Aydin, Bekir Aksoy, Cemal Aydogan, Gokhan Nadar, Ivo W. Rangelow, Levent Beker, Arda Deniz Yalcinkaya, Halil Bayraktar, Teodor Gotszalk, Burhanettin Erdem Alaca
This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of an innovative nanoelectromechanical system force sensor that utilizes suspended submicron silicon nanowires for detecting multi‐axis forces in the micro‐newton range. The sensor combines microscale shuttle platforms with nanowire piezoresistors along with retaining springs. Its fabrication involves a rather involved set of Si deep etching, doping, metallization, release, and encapsulation processes on silicon‐on‐insulator wafers. Electromechanical characterization demonstrates sensor reliability under mechanical strains up to the level of 10% as well as gauge factor measurements. Dynamic response analysis confirms a high resonant frequency of 12.34 MHz with a quality factor of 700 in air, closely matching simulation results. Thermal characterization of the sensor reveals a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of 6.4 × 10⁻⁴ °C⁻¹. Sensor characterization under jet flow reveals its ability to detect strong flows demonstrating a resistance change of as much as 2.02% under sustained gas flow through a nozzle. Sensor integration into the gas flow measurement setup demonstrates its versatility in detecting small forces, paving the way for further exploration of thermomechanical factors. Combined with its miniature footprint, the sensor's electromechanical performance hints at applications in the analysis of velocity gradients in microscale flows including micro/nano diffusers and nozzles in small satellite propulsion.
{"title":"Multiscale Fabrication and Characterization of a NEMS Force Sensor","authors":"Masoud Jedari Ghourichaei, Umut Kerimzade, Levent Demirkazik, Bartosz Pruchnik, Krzysztof Kwoka, Dominik Badura, Tomasz Piasecki, Alp Timucin Toymus, Onur Aydin, Bekir Aksoy, Cemal Aydogan, Gokhan Nadar, Ivo W. Rangelow, Levent Beker, Arda Deniz Yalcinkaya, Halil Bayraktar, Teodor Gotszalk, Burhanettin Erdem Alaca","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400022","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of an innovative nanoelectromechanical system force sensor that utilizes suspended submicron silicon nanowires for detecting multi‐axis forces in the micro‐newton range. The sensor combines microscale shuttle platforms with nanowire piezoresistors along with retaining springs. Its fabrication involves a rather involved set of Si deep etching, doping, metallization, release, and encapsulation processes on silicon‐on‐insulator wafers. Electromechanical characterization demonstrates sensor reliability under mechanical strains up to the level of 10% as well as gauge factor measurements. Dynamic response analysis confirms a high resonant frequency of 12.34 MHz with a quality factor of 700 in air, closely matching simulation results. Thermal characterization of the sensor reveals a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of 6.4 × 10⁻⁴ °C⁻¹. Sensor characterization under jet flow reveals its ability to detect strong flows demonstrating a resistance change of as much as 2.02% under sustained gas flow through a nozzle. Sensor integration into the gas flow measurement setup demonstrates its versatility in detecting small forces, paving the way for further exploration of thermomechanical factors. Combined with its miniature footprint, the sensor's electromechanical performance hints at applications in the analysis of velocity gradients in microscale flows including micro/nano diffusers and nozzles in small satellite propulsion.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"397 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seleipiri Charles, Emily Jackson‐Holmes, Gongchen Sun, Ying Zhou, Benjamin Siciliano, Weibo Niu, Haejun Han, Arina Nikitina, Melissa L. Kemp, Zhexing Wen, Hang Lu
Human brain organoids produce anatomically relevant cellular structures and recapitulate key aspects of in vivo brain function, which holds great potential to model neurological diseases and screen therapeutics. However, the long growth time of 3D systems complicates the culturing of brain organoids and results in heterogeneity across samples hampering their applications. An integrated platform is developed to enable robust and long‐term culturing of 3D brain organoids. A mesofluidic bioreactor device is designed based on a reaction‐diffusion scaling theory, which achieves robust media exchange for sufficient nutrient delivery in long‐term culture. This device is integrated with longitudinal tracking and machine learning‐based classification tools to enable non‐invasive quality control of live organoids. This integrated platform allows for sample pre‐selection for downstream molecular analysis. Transcriptome analyses of organoids revealed that the mesofluidic bioreactor promoted organoid development while reducing cell death. This platform thus offers a generalizable tool to establish reproducible culture standards for 3D cellular systems for a variety of applications beyond brain organoids.
{"title":"Non‐Invasive Quality Control of Organoid Cultures Using Mesofluidic CSTR Bioreactors and High‐Content Imaging","authors":"Seleipiri Charles, Emily Jackson‐Holmes, Gongchen Sun, Ying Zhou, Benjamin Siciliano, Weibo Niu, Haejun Han, Arina Nikitina, Melissa L. Kemp, Zhexing Wen, Hang Lu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400473","url":null,"abstract":"Human brain organoids produce anatomically relevant cellular structures and recapitulate key aspects of in vivo brain function, which holds great potential to model neurological diseases and screen therapeutics. However, the long growth time of 3D systems complicates the culturing of brain organoids and results in heterogeneity across samples hampering their applications. An integrated platform is developed to enable robust and long‐term culturing of 3D brain organoids. A mesofluidic bioreactor device is designed based on a reaction‐diffusion scaling theory, which achieves robust media exchange for sufficient nutrient delivery in long‐term culture. This device is integrated with longitudinal tracking and machine learning‐based classification tools to enable non‐invasive quality control of live organoids. This integrated platform allows for sample pre‐selection for downstream molecular analysis. Transcriptome analyses of organoids revealed that the mesofluidic bioreactor promoted organoid development while reducing cell death. This platform thus offers a generalizable tool to establish reproducible culture standards for 3D cellular systems for a variety of applications beyond brain organoids.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasti Mohsenin, Rosanne Schmachtenberg, Svenja Kemmer, Hanna J. Wagner, Midori Johnston, Sibylle Madlener, Can Dincer, Jens Timmer, Wilfried Weber
The functional integration of biological switches with synthetic building blocks enables the design of modular, stimulus‐responsive biohybrid materials. By connecting the individual modules via diffusible signals, information‐processing circuits can be designed. Such systems are, however, mostly limited to respond to either small molecules, proteins, or optical input thus limiting the sensing and application scope of the material circuits. Here, a highly modular biohybrid material is design based on CRISPR/Cas13a to translate arbitrary single‐stranded RNAs into a biomolecular material response. This system exemplified by the development of a cascade of communicating materials that can detect the tumor biomarker microRNA miR19b in patient samples or sequences specific for SARS‐CoV. Specificity of the system is further demonstrated by discriminating between input miRNA sequences with single‐nucleotide differences. To quantitatively understand information processing in the materials cascade, a mathematical model is developed. The model is used to guide systems design for enhancing signal amplification functionality of the overall materials system. The newly designed modular materials can be used to interface desired RNA input with stimulus‐responsive and information‐processing materials for building point‐of‐care suitable sensors as well as multi‐input diagnostic systems with integrated data processing and interpretation.
{"title":"Signal‐Amplifying Biohybrid Material Circuits for CRISPR/Cas‐Based Single‐Stranded RNA Detection","authors":"Hasti Mohsenin, Rosanne Schmachtenberg, Svenja Kemmer, Hanna J. Wagner, Midori Johnston, Sibylle Madlener, Can Dincer, Jens Timmer, Wilfried Weber","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400981","url":null,"abstract":"The functional integration of biological switches with synthetic building blocks enables the design of modular, stimulus‐responsive biohybrid materials. By connecting the individual modules via diffusible signals, information‐processing circuits can be designed. Such systems are, however, mostly limited to respond to either small molecules, proteins, or optical input thus limiting the sensing and application scope of the material circuits. Here, a highly modular biohybrid material is design based on CRISPR/Cas13a to translate arbitrary single‐stranded RNAs into a biomolecular material response. This system exemplified by the development of a cascade of communicating materials that can detect the tumor biomarker microRNA miR19b in patient samples or sequences specific for SARS‐CoV. Specificity of the system is further demonstrated by discriminating between input miRNA sequences with single‐nucleotide differences. To quantitatively understand information processing in the materials cascade, a mathematical model is developed. The model is used to guide systems design for enhancing signal amplification functionality of the overall materials system. The newly designed modular materials can be used to interface desired RNA input with stimulus‐responsive and information‐processing materials for building point‐of‐care suitable sensors as well as multi‐input diagnostic systems with integrated data processing and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wearable technology has seen rapid advancement, yet the integration of responsive materials into wearable devices poses significant challenges, particularly in maintaining fabric integrity and user comfort while ensuring sensitivity and responsiveness to environmental stimuli. In this work, these challenges are addressed by developing an ultra‐stable hydrochromic fabric that exhibits both hydro‐ and halochromic responsiveness. Utilizing a bimolecular fluoran dye system composed of a black leuco dye (ODB‐2) and a weak acid developer (benzyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, B4H), these materials are embedded into a robust fibrous matrix constructed through an electrospinning process with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This approach ensures the breathability, flexibility, and structural integrity of the fabrics, while the hydrophobic nature of TPU contributes to the stability and reversibility of the hydro/halochromic properties. The strategy allows for immediate, high‐contrast color changes upon exposure to water and acidic/basic vapors. These fabrics are also applied in rewritable data encryption, demonstrating their potential in anti‐counterfeiting. Furthermore, the investigation into the mechanical properties of these fabrics confirms their durability and resilience, making them ideal for wearable technology.
{"title":"Reversible Hydro/Halochromic Electrospun Textiles: Harnessing Chromic Technologies in Wearables for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications","authors":"Huan‐Ru Chen, Kai‐Jie Chang, Tse‐Yu Lo, Chien‐Lin Chen, Kuan‐Hsun Tseng, Hsun‐Hao Hsu, Jiun‐Tai Chen","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400746","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable technology has seen rapid advancement, yet the integration of responsive materials into wearable devices poses significant challenges, particularly in maintaining fabric integrity and user comfort while ensuring sensitivity and responsiveness to environmental stimuli. In this work, these challenges are addressed by developing an ultra‐stable hydrochromic fabric that exhibits both hydro‐ and halochromic responsiveness. Utilizing a bimolecular fluoran dye system composed of a black leuco dye (ODB‐2) and a weak acid developer (benzyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, B4H), these materials are embedded into a robust fibrous matrix constructed through an electrospinning process with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This approach ensures the breathability, flexibility, and structural integrity of the fabrics, while the hydrophobic nature of TPU contributes to the stability and reversibility of the hydro/halochromic properties. The strategy allows for immediate, high‐contrast color changes upon exposure to water and acidic/basic vapors. These fabrics are also applied in rewritable data encryption, demonstrating their potential in anti‐counterfeiting. Furthermore, the investigation into the mechanical properties of these fabrics confirms their durability and resilience, making them ideal for wearable technology.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel J. Townend, Andrew J. Henning, James Williamson, Haydn Martin, Xiangqian Jiang
As manufacturing looks to employ more smart and autonomous processes to improve how items are made, reducing scrappage rates and with it the associated waste of time and energy, new ultra‐compact sensors are needed that can be deployed where existing instrumentation cannot. The use of traditional methods when constructing optical sensors limits the progress that can be made in reducing their size and weight, however, emerging technologies such as metasurfaces offer a platform by which these barriers can be overcome to develop the sensors needed to underpin this manufacturing transition. Here it is demonstrated that how a single metasurface can be used to deliver all the optical manipulations required to create a metasurface‐based confocal sensor with only the addition of a point source and point detector. By combining the optical functionality of both the illumination and the collection optics in this way the system is simplified and reduced in size significantly. While here how a metasurface can be used to reduce the number of elements needed to produce an ultra‐compact confocal sensor is demonstrated, this approach can be used to simplify a far wider range of instrumentation to greatly reduce their size and weight.
{"title":"Multi‐Functional Metasurfaces as a Platform to Realize Ultra‐Compact Confocal Instrumentation for on‐Machine Metrology","authors":"Daniel J. Townend, Andrew J. Henning, James Williamson, Haydn Martin, Xiangqian Jiang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202400387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202400387","url":null,"abstract":"As manufacturing looks to employ more smart and autonomous processes to improve how items are made, reducing scrappage rates and with it the associated waste of time and energy, new ultra‐compact sensors are needed that can be deployed where existing instrumentation cannot. The use of traditional methods when constructing optical sensors limits the progress that can be made in reducing their size and weight, however, emerging technologies such as metasurfaces offer a platform by which these barriers can be overcome to develop the sensors needed to underpin this manufacturing transition. Here it is demonstrated that how a single metasurface can be used to deliver all the optical manipulations required to create a metasurface‐based confocal sensor with only the addition of a point source and point detector. By combining the optical functionality of both the illumination and the collection optics in this way the system is simplified and reduced in size significantly. While here how a metasurface can be used to reduce the number of elements needed to produce an ultra‐compact confocal sensor is demonstrated, this approach can be used to simplify a far wider range of instrumentation to greatly reduce their size and weight.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Svetlana N. Khonina, Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, Roman V. Skidanov, Muhammad A. Butt
Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) represent a revolutionary advancement in modern optics, offering unparalleled versatility and efficiency in various applications. Their significance lies in their ability to manipulate light waves with intricate patterns, enabling functionalities beyond what traditional refractive optics can achieve. DOEs find widespread use in fields such as laser beam shaping, holography, optical communications, and imaging systems. By precisely controlling the phase and amplitude of light, DOEs can generate complex optical structures, correct aberrations, and enhance the performance of optical systems. Moreover, their compact size, lightweight nature, and potential for mass production make them indispensable in designing compact and efficient optical devices for diverse industrial and scientific applications. From improving the performance of laser systems to enabling innovative display technologies, DOEs continue to drive advancements in modern optics, promising even more exciting possibilities in the future. In this review, the critical importance of DOEs is illuminated and explore their profound implications in the contemporary era.
衍射光学元件（DOEs）代表了现代光学的革命性进步，在各种应用中具有无与伦比的多功能性和效率。衍射光学元件的意义在于，它们能够以复杂的图案操纵光波，从而实现传统折射光学元件无法实现的功能。DOE 广泛应用于激光光束整形、全息摄影、光通信和成像系统等领域。通过精确控制光的相位和振幅，DOE 可以产生复杂的光学结构，纠正像差，提高光学系统的性能。此外，DOE 体积小、重量轻，具有大规模生产的潜力，因此在设计紧凑高效的光学设备时不可或缺，适用于各种工业和科学应用。从提高激光系统的性能到实现创新的显示技术，DOE 不断推动着现代光学的进步，并有望在未来带来更多令人兴奋的可能性。本综述阐明了 DOE 的极端重要性，并探讨了其在当代的深远影响。
{"title":"Advancements and Applications of Diffractive Optical Elements in Contemporary Optics: A Comprehensive Overview","authors":"Svetlana N. Khonina, Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, Roman V. Skidanov, Muhammad A. Butt","doi":"10.1002/admt.202401028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202401028","url":null,"abstract":"Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) represent a revolutionary advancement in modern optics, offering unparalleled versatility and efficiency in various applications. Their significance lies in their ability to manipulate light waves with intricate patterns, enabling functionalities beyond what traditional refractive optics can achieve. DOEs find widespread use in fields such as laser beam shaping, holography, optical communications, and imaging systems. By precisely controlling the phase and amplitude of light, DOEs can generate complex optical structures, correct aberrations, and enhance the performance of optical systems. Moreover, their compact size, lightweight nature, and potential for mass production make them indispensable in designing compact and efficient optical devices for diverse industrial and scientific applications. From improving the performance of laser systems to enabling innovative display technologies, DOEs continue to drive advancements in modern optics, promising even more exciting possibilities in the future. In this review, the critical importance of DOEs is illuminated and explore their profound implications in the contemporary era.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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