Cameron M. Cole, Susanna V. Kunz, P. Shaw, C. S. K. Ranasinghe, Thomas Baumann, J. Blinco, P. Sonar, C. Barner‐Kowollik, S. Yambem
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials are extensively investigated as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with TADF emitting layers demonstrating high efficiency without the use of heavy metal complexes. Therefore, solution‐processable and printable TADF emitters are highly desirable, moving away from expensive vacuum deposition techniques. In addition, using emissive materials not requiring an external host simplifies the fabrication process significantly. Herein, OLEDs using a solution‐processable TADF polymer that do not need an external host are introduced. The non‐conjugated TADF polymer features a TADF emitter (4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐2‐(3′‐hydroxy‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl)‐isoindoline‐1,3‐dione) as a side chain, as well as a hole‐transporting side chain and an electron‐transporting side chain on an inactive polymer backbone. All organic layers of the OLEDs are fabricated using solution processing methods. The OLEDs with inkjet‐printed emissive layers have comparable maximum current and external quantum efficiency as their spin‐coated counterparts, exceeding luminance of 2000 cd m−2. The herein‐explored strategy is a viable route toward self‐hosted printable TADF OLEDs.
热激活延迟荧光(TADF)材料被广泛研究为有机发光二极管(oled)，具有TADF发射层，在不使用重金属配合物的情况下显示出高效率。因此，溶液可处理和可打印的TADF发射器是非常可取的，远离昂贵的真空沉积技术。此外，使用不需要外部主机的发射材料大大简化了制造过程。本文介绍了使用溶液可加工TADF聚合物的oled，该聚合物不需要外部主机。非共轭TADF聚合物具有TADF发射器(4‐(9H‐咔唑‐9‐基)‐2‐(3′‐羟基‐[1,1′‐联苯]‐3‐基)‐异吲哚啉‐1,3‐二酮)作为侧链，以及在非活性聚合物主链上的空穴传递侧链和电子传递侧链。oled的所有有机层都是用溶液加工方法制造的。喷墨印刷发光层的oled与自旋涂层的oled相比，具有相当的最大电流和外量子效率，亮度超过2000 cd m−2。本文探讨的策略是实现自托管可打印TADF oled的可行途径。
{"title":"Inkjet‐Printed Self‐Hosted TADF Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes","authors":"Cameron M. Cole, Susanna V. Kunz, P. Shaw, C. S. K. Ranasinghe, Thomas Baumann, J. Blinco, P. Sonar, C. Barner‐Kowollik, S. Yambem","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200648","url":null,"abstract":"Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials are extensively investigated as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with TADF emitting layers demonstrating high efficiency without the use of heavy metal complexes. Therefore, solution‐processable and printable TADF emitters are highly desirable, moving away from expensive vacuum deposition techniques. In addition, using emissive materials not requiring an external host simplifies the fabrication process significantly. Herein, OLEDs using a solution‐processable TADF polymer that do not need an external host are introduced. The non‐conjugated TADF polymer features a TADF emitter (4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐2‐(3′‐hydroxy‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl)‐isoindoline‐1,3‐dione) as a side chain, as well as a hole‐transporting side chain and an electron‐transporting side chain on an inactive polymer backbone. All organic layers of the OLEDs are fabricated using solution processing methods. The OLEDs with inkjet‐printed emissive layers have comparable maximum current and external quantum efficiency as their spin‐coated counterparts, exceeding luminance of 2000 cd m−2. The herein‐explored strategy is a viable route toward self‐hosted printable TADF OLEDs.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88709035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Jo, Artemis Xu, Anand Kumar Mishra, Hedan Bai, Armen Derkevorkian, J. Rabinovitch, Huiju Park, R. Shepherd
Conventional strain gauges are not designed for accurate measurement over the large range of deformations possible in compliant textiles. The thin, lightweight, and flexible nature of textiles also makes it challenging to attach strain gauges in a way that does not affect the mechanical properties. In this manuscript, soft, highly extensible fibers that propagate light (i.e., stretchable lightguides) are stitched as a strain gauge to map the deformation of a nylon parachute textile under tension. When under load, these fiber optic strain gauges propagate less light, and this strain‐induced light modulation is used to accurately (absolute error≈2.93%; Std. Dev.: 3.02%) measure strain in the <30% range before these textiles fail. This system has directionality; strain in parallel to the sensor results in little light attenuation while perpendicular loading shows high sensitivity (Gauge factor⊥≈24.8 and Gauge factor||≈0.05 at the first 1% strain). Structural and optical simulations are coupled to demonstrate that load transfer on the fiber optic by the stitchwork is the dominating cause of signal modulation. To further validate the hypotheses, digital image correlation was used under dynamic loading conditions to show that these sensors do not significantly affect the mechanical properties.
{"title":"Measurement of Parachute Canopy Textile Deformation Using Mechanically Invisible Stretchable Lightguides","authors":"J. Jo, Artemis Xu, Anand Kumar Mishra, Hedan Bai, Armen Derkevorkian, J. Rabinovitch, Huiju Park, R. Shepherd","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200437","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional strain gauges are not designed for accurate measurement over the large range of deformations possible in compliant textiles. The thin, lightweight, and flexible nature of textiles also makes it challenging to attach strain gauges in a way that does not affect the mechanical properties. In this manuscript, soft, highly extensible fibers that propagate light (i.e., stretchable lightguides) are stitched as a strain gauge to map the deformation of a nylon parachute textile under tension. When under load, these fiber optic strain gauges propagate less light, and this strain‐induced light modulation is used to accurately (absolute error≈2.93%; Std. Dev.: 3.02%) measure strain in the <30% range before these textiles fail. This system has directionality; strain in parallel to the sensor results in little light attenuation while perpendicular loading shows high sensitivity (Gauge factor⊥≈24.8 and Gauge factor||≈0.05 at the first 1% strain). Structural and optical simulations are coupled to demonstrate that load transfer on the fiber optic by the stitchwork is the dominating cause of signal modulation. To further validate the hypotheses, digital image correlation was used under dynamic loading conditions to show that these sensors do not significantly affect the mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87355942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue Wang, Pengfei Zhao, Y. Tong, Shanlei Guo, Guodong Zhao, Mingxin Zhang, Hongyan Yu, Xiaoli Zhao, Q. Tang, Yichun Liu
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes are known to exhibit high transparency, excellent chemical stability, low‐cost solution processability, and good compatibility for use in solution‐processed organic transistors, but they face fundamental challenges in conductivity and conformability for skin‐like electronics. Here, by inserting a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly‐(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer, the photolithographic conformal rGO/PEDOT:PSS electrodes with conductivity as high as 2000 S cm−1 can be achieved. Simultaneously, the rGO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrodes exhibit high precision down to 1 µm, high transparency of >90% over the visible spectra (400–700 nm), and imperceptible adherence onto damselfly wing without affecting flying. The resulting all‐solution processed organic transistor array presents the enhanced modulation effect of the gate voltage on current, 5.5‐fold increased mobility, and the on‐state current increased by one order of magnitude compared with the neat rGO electrode device, and shows the good adherence to deforming human skins and stable operation on the 10 mm spherical surface with mobility as high as 2.33 cm2 V−1 s−1. The strategy provides a high‐precision, high‐integration, flexible pattern‐designable, and scalable route to produce the high‐conductive transparent conformal rGO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrodes for flexible skin‐like all solution‐processed organic transistor array, showing the outstanding potential for future low‐cost soft electronics.
还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)电极具有高透明度、优异的化学稳定性、低成本的溶液可加工性和溶液处理有机晶体管的良好兼容性，但它们在类皮肤电子产品的导电性和一致性方面面临着根本性的挑战。在这里，通过插入聚(3,4‐乙烯二氧噻吩):聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)层，可以实现电导率高达2000 S cm−1的光刻保形rGO/PEDOT:PSS电极。同时，rGO/PEDOT:PSS混合电极具有高精度至1 μ m，在可见光谱(400-700 nm)上具有>90%的高透明度，并且在不影响飞行的情况下难以察觉地粘附在豆娘翅膀上。所制备的全溶液处理有机晶体管阵列具有栅极电压对电流的调制效应增强，迁移率提高了5.5倍，导通电流比纯氧化石墨烯电极器件提高了一个数量级，并且对变形的人体皮肤具有良好的粘附性，在10 mm球面上稳定运行，迁移率高达2.33 cm2 V−1 s−1。该策略提供了一种高精度、高集成度、灵活模式可设计和可扩展的路线，用于生产高导电性透明共形rGO/PEDOT:PSS混合电极，用于柔性皮肤-像所有溶液处理的有机晶体管阵列，显示出未来低成本软电子产品的杰出潜力。
{"title":"Photolithographic High‐Conductivity Transparent Conformal rGO/PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Flexible Skin‐Like All Solution‐Processed Organic Transistors","authors":"Xue Wang, Pengfei Zhao, Y. Tong, Shanlei Guo, Guodong Zhao, Mingxin Zhang, Hongyan Yu, Xiaoli Zhao, Q. Tang, Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200660","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes are known to exhibit high transparency, excellent chemical stability, low‐cost solution processability, and good compatibility for use in solution‐processed organic transistors, but they face fundamental challenges in conductivity and conformability for skin‐like electronics. Here, by inserting a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly‐(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer, the photolithographic conformal rGO/PEDOT:PSS electrodes with conductivity as high as 2000 S cm−1 can be achieved. Simultaneously, the rGO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrodes exhibit high precision down to 1 µm, high transparency of >90% over the visible spectra (400–700 nm), and imperceptible adherence onto damselfly wing without affecting flying. The resulting all‐solution processed organic transistor array presents the enhanced modulation effect of the gate voltage on current, 5.5‐fold increased mobility, and the on‐state current increased by one order of magnitude compared with the neat rGO electrode device, and shows the good adherence to deforming human skins and stable operation on the 10 mm spherical surface with mobility as high as 2.33 cm2 V−1 s−1. The strategy provides a high‐precision, high‐integration, flexible pattern‐designable, and scalable route to produce the high‐conductive transparent conformal rGO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrodes for flexible skin‐like all solution‐processed organic transistor array, showing the outstanding potential for future low‐cost soft electronics.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87151855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wu Zu, Yunsik Ohm, M. Carneiro, Michael R Vinciguerra, M. Tavakoli, C. Majidi
Printed soft conductive materials for stretchable electronics should have low electrical resistivity, high strain limit, and stable electrical properties when stretched. Previously, it has been shown that a bi‐phasic ink composed of silver (Ag) microflakes, eutectic gallium−indium (EGaIn) alloy, and styrene isoprene (SIS) block copolymer is a promising formulation for printed soft electronics and has the potential to satisfy the necessary criteria. In this study, further improvements to the ink formulation are explored, with a focus on how the choice of Ag microflakes affects the electrical and electromechanical properties of the composite. By using specific Ag microflakes, AgInGa‐SIS inks that have conductivity as high as 6.38 × 105 S m−1 and a strain limit of over 1000%, with low electromechanical coupling can be synthesized. More broadly, when comparing the composite with different silver flakes, there is a 176% relative difference in conductivity, >600% difference in strain limit, and 277% relative difference in electromechanical coupling. To demonstrate the applicability of these inks for various use cases such as wearable bioelectronics, interconnects are printed for connecting electronic breakout boards with microcontrollers that provide a stable electrical connection when stretched, and the interconnects and electrodes of a wearable electrocardiography system that monitors the heart pulses in real‐time.
可拉伸电子产品用印刷软导电材料在拉伸时应具有低电阻率、高应变极限和稳定的电性能。以前，研究表明，由银(Ag)微片、共晶镓-铟(EGaIn)合金和苯乙烯异戊二烯(SIS)嵌段共聚物组成的双相油墨是一种很有前途的印刷软电子配方，具有满足必要标准的潜力。在这项研究中，进一步改进了油墨配方，重点研究了银微片的选择如何影响复合材料的电学和机电性能。通过使用特殊的Ag微片，可以合成电导率高达6.38 × 105 S m−1，应变极限超过1000%，具有低机电耦合的AgInGa‐SIS油墨。更广泛地说，当与不同银片的复合材料进行比较时，电导率的相对差异为176%，应变极限的相对差异>600%，机电耦合的相对差异为277%。为了证明这些墨水在各种用例(如可穿戴生物电子学)中的适用性，打印了互连，用于连接电子分线板和微控制器，这些微控制器在拉伸时提供稳定的电气连接，以及可穿戴心电图系统的互连和电极，该系统实时监测心脏脉冲。
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Silver Microflakes in Digitally Printable Liquid Metal Embedded Elastomer Inks for Stretchable Electronics","authors":"Wu Zu, Yunsik Ohm, M. Carneiro, Michael R Vinciguerra, M. Tavakoli, C. Majidi","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200534","url":null,"abstract":"Printed soft conductive materials for stretchable electronics should have low electrical resistivity, high strain limit, and stable electrical properties when stretched. Previously, it has been shown that a bi‐phasic ink composed of silver (Ag) microflakes, eutectic gallium−indium (EGaIn) alloy, and styrene isoprene (SIS) block copolymer is a promising formulation for printed soft electronics and has the potential to satisfy the necessary criteria. In this study, further improvements to the ink formulation are explored, with a focus on how the choice of Ag microflakes affects the electrical and electromechanical properties of the composite. By using specific Ag microflakes, AgInGa‐SIS inks that have conductivity as high as 6.38 × 105 S m−1 and a strain limit of over 1000%, with low electromechanical coupling can be synthesized. More broadly, when comparing the composite with different silver flakes, there is a 176% relative difference in conductivity, >600% difference in strain limit, and 277% relative difference in electromechanical coupling. To demonstrate the applicability of these inks for various use cases such as wearable bioelectronics, interconnects are printed for connecting electronic breakout boards with microcontrollers that provide a stable electrical connection when stretched, and the interconnects and electrodes of a wearable electrocardiography system that monitors the heart pulses in real‐time.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"os-18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87199094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayoub Zumeit, A. Dahiya, Adamos Christou, Rudra Mukherjee, R. Dahiya
Nano/microstructures of compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) demonstrate enormous potential for advanced photonic technologies as they provide realistic means for miniaturization of optoelectronic devices that feature better performance and low power consumption. However, intimately integrating them onto flexible substrates is challenging and restricts their use in the next generation of applications such as wearables and soft robotics. Herein, printed arrays of well‐defined and laterally aligned semi‐insulating (undoped) and doped GaAs microstructures are presented to develop high‐performance flexible broadband photodetectors. The direct roll transfer printed GaAs microstructures‐based photodetectors exhibit excellent performance under ultraviolet and near‐infrared illumination, including ultrafast response (2.5 ms) and recovery (8 ms) times, high responsivity (>104 AW–1), detectivity (>1014 Jones), external quantum efficiency (>106), and photoconductive gain (>104) at low operating voltage of 1 V. The achieved performance is among the best reported for broadband photodetectors but with an added benefit of the developed devices having a flexible form factor. Further, the photodetectors show stable performance under mechanical bending (500 cycles) and twisting loading. The developed materials and manufacturing route can enable high‐speed communications and computation via high‐performance flexible electronics and optoelectronics and transform numerous emerging applications such as wearable systems and internet of things.
{"title":"Printed GaAs Microstructures‐Based Flexible High‐Performance Broadband Photodetectors","authors":"Ayoub Zumeit, A. Dahiya, Adamos Christou, Rudra Mukherjee, R. Dahiya","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200772","url":null,"abstract":"Nano/microstructures of compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) demonstrate enormous potential for advanced photonic technologies as they provide realistic means for miniaturization of optoelectronic devices that feature better performance and low power consumption. However, intimately integrating them onto flexible substrates is challenging and restricts their use in the next generation of applications such as wearables and soft robotics. Herein, printed arrays of well‐defined and laterally aligned semi‐insulating (undoped) and doped GaAs microstructures are presented to develop high‐performance flexible broadband photodetectors. The direct roll transfer printed GaAs microstructures‐based photodetectors exhibit excellent performance under ultraviolet and near‐infrared illumination, including ultrafast response (2.5 ms) and recovery (8 ms) times, high responsivity (>104 AW–1), detectivity (>1014 Jones), external quantum efficiency (>106), and photoconductive gain (>104) at low operating voltage of 1 V. The achieved performance is among the best reported for broadband photodetectors but with an added benefit of the developed devices having a flexible form factor. Further, the photodetectors show stable performance under mechanical bending (500 cycles) and twisting loading. The developed materials and manufacturing route can enable high‐speed communications and computation via high‐performance flexible electronics and optoelectronics and transform numerous emerging applications such as wearable systems and internet of things.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80068991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shape‐morphing materials that can exhibit various shape deformations are highly desirable. In this work, shape‐morphing materials with diverse deformation modes are prepared via a facile approach of constructing bilayer structures of SEBS/paraffin blends with different melting temperatures. The bilayer films are prepared using a simple solvent‐coating adhesion method, either by adhering two single‐layers together and stretching or by adhering two pre‐stretched single‐layers. These bilayer films show strong interfacial adhesion due to the similar chemical composition of the two layers. By adjusting the programming method, stretching strain, and thickness ratio, the shape deformation behaviors of the resultant bilayer films can be flexibly tuned. To demonstrate the wide applicability of this approach, several 2D sheets with hinge structures as well as a smart dressing are prepared, in which the former can be transformed into 3D configurations and the latter can automatically fit to the human body and peel off. Owing to the advantages of low cost, easy and large‐scale preparation, recyclability, and high designability, the approach for preparing shape‐morphing bilayer films proposed by this work is versatile and the obtained bilayer films have the potential to satisfy the demands of divergent application fields.
{"title":"A Versatile Approach for Preparing Shape‐Morphing Bilayer Films by Simply Adhering Two SEBS/Paraffin Films with Different Deformability and Melting Temperatures","authors":"Sijia Ren, Jiachun Feng","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200339","url":null,"abstract":"Shape‐morphing materials that can exhibit various shape deformations are highly desirable. In this work, shape‐morphing materials with diverse deformation modes are prepared via a facile approach of constructing bilayer structures of SEBS/paraffin blends with different melting temperatures. The bilayer films are prepared using a simple solvent‐coating adhesion method, either by adhering two single‐layers together and stretching or by adhering two pre‐stretched single‐layers. These bilayer films show strong interfacial adhesion due to the similar chemical composition of the two layers. By adjusting the programming method, stretching strain, and thickness ratio, the shape deformation behaviors of the resultant bilayer films can be flexibly tuned. To demonstrate the wide applicability of this approach, several 2D sheets with hinge structures as well as a smart dressing are prepared, in which the former can be transformed into 3D configurations and the latter can automatically fit to the human body and peel off. Owing to the advantages of low cost, easy and large‐scale preparation, recyclability, and high designability, the approach for preparing shape‐morphing bilayer films proposed by this work is versatile and the obtained bilayer films have the potential to satisfy the demands of divergent application fields.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu‐Xuan Wang, Mao‐Chou Tai, T. Chang, Chia-Chuan Wu, Yu-Zhe Zheng, Yu-Fa Tu, Kuan-Ju Zhou, Yu-Shan Shih, Yu-An Chen, Jen-Wei Huang, S. Sze
In this study, a novel structural design of the p‐type low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (p‐type LTPS TFTs) applied to the pixel structure of displays is proposed. Compared to the conventional pixel structure of displays, the proposed architecture can achieve the aperture ratio improvement by stacking the switch thin‐film transistor and the storage capacitor in a pixel region to enlarge the active space. Therefore, the demands of high‐resolution characteristics, such as a high aperture ratio, and high pixel densities for high‐end displays or novel technologies, can be satisfied by the adoption of the proposed design concept. Furthermore, the discussion of experimental and simulated results in terms of device physics of the transistor indicates that proposed TFTs possess higher performance and reliability properties. By modulating the geometry of the drain‐connected bottom metal in stacked TFTs, output characteristics and hot carrier phenomenon in devices can be further improved. Time‐dependent transfer characteristics, extracted electrical parameters, and numerical simulation results are performed to support our design.
{"title":"A Stacked p‐Type Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor for Future Display Applications","authors":"Yu‐Xuan Wang, Mao‐Chou Tai, T. Chang, Chia-Chuan Wu, Yu-Zhe Zheng, Yu-Fa Tu, Kuan-Ju Zhou, Yu-Shan Shih, Yu-An Chen, Jen-Wei Huang, S. Sze","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200394","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel structural design of the p‐type low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (p‐type LTPS TFTs) applied to the pixel structure of displays is proposed. Compared to the conventional pixel structure of displays, the proposed architecture can achieve the aperture ratio improvement by stacking the switch thin‐film transistor and the storage capacitor in a pixel region to enlarge the active space. Therefore, the demands of high‐resolution characteristics, such as a high aperture ratio, and high pixel densities for high‐end displays or novel technologies, can be satisfied by the adoption of the proposed design concept. Furthermore, the discussion of experimental and simulated results in terms of device physics of the transistor indicates that proposed TFTs possess higher performance and reliability properties. By modulating the geometry of the drain‐connected bottom metal in stacked TFTs, output characteristics and hot carrier phenomenon in devices can be further improved. Time‐dependent transfer characteristics, extracted electrical parameters, and numerical simulation results are performed to support our design.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81889124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural colors originating from ordered microstructures are popularly applied due to their versatile intrinsic advantages compared to dyes/pigments. Since the emergence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via alkaline periodate oxidation (PO‐CNCs) in 2019, here, their great potential as one‐dimensional nanomaterials for tunable optical materials combining with gold nanorods (GNRs) for the first time is demonstrated. The hybrid nanocomposite films with embedded and well‐organized PO‐CNCs and/or GNRs were prepared from hydrogel precursors after uniaxial stretching and air drying. In comparison with the solitary films containing pristine PO‐CNCs or GNRs, the birefringence of PO‐CNCs and surface plasmon resonance of GNRs synergistically expands the resulting color space. Based on their contributions, the solitary films containing only PO‐CNCs or GNRs can be stacked for widely spanning structural colors, such as red, green, and blue colors. Moreover, the relative angle between the stacked films can also be varied to manipulate the structural colors, providing a flexible method to construct designable optical materials. In brief, this study provides a general strategy for combining PO‐CNCs and GNRs into a novel series of nanocomposite materials and demonstrates their promising application potential in optics.
{"title":"Designable Multiple Structural Colors Using Alkaline Periodate Oxidated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Gold Nanorods","authors":"Dan Xu, Qun Song, Chenchen Wu, Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200615","url":null,"abstract":"Structural colors originating from ordered microstructures are popularly applied due to their versatile intrinsic advantages compared to dyes/pigments. Since the emergence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via alkaline periodate oxidation (PO‐CNCs) in 2019, here, their great potential as one‐dimensional nanomaterials for tunable optical materials combining with gold nanorods (GNRs) for the first time is demonstrated. The hybrid nanocomposite films with embedded and well‐organized PO‐CNCs and/or GNRs were prepared from hydrogel precursors after uniaxial stretching and air drying. In comparison with the solitary films containing pristine PO‐CNCs or GNRs, the birefringence of PO‐CNCs and surface plasmon resonance of GNRs synergistically expands the resulting color space. Based on their contributions, the solitary films containing only PO‐CNCs or GNRs can be stacked for widely spanning structural colors, such as red, green, and blue colors. Moreover, the relative angle between the stacked films can also be varied to manipulate the structural colors, providing a flexible method to construct designable optical materials. In brief, this study provides a general strategy for combining PO‐CNCs and GNRs into a novel series of nanocomposite materials and demonstrates their promising application potential in optics.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78821763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The delamination of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene endows the injection of various ions and small organic molecules into its layers, thus leading to a tunable distance between layers and adjustable electrochemical properties. A suitable selection of intercalators needs to be considered according to the relevant metal‐ion‐based energy storage device because of the different radii of metal ions such as Li+, Na+, Mg2+ Zn2+, etc. Herein, the intercalation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC), acetonitrile (ACN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), LiCl (H2O) into Ti3C2Tx cathodes and their electrochemical performance comparisons by fabricating Zn‐ion microsupercapacitors (MSCs) is reported. Studies found that an increased calculated interlayer space of 3.42, 7.47, 7.79, 8.3 Å is obtained for the H2O, DMSO, ACN, DMAC intercalated Ti3C2Tx cathodes, and a decreased calculated binding energy of −0.03, −0.78, −1.91, and −3.06 eV is obtained for the Ti3C2Tx‐H2O, Ti3C2Tx‐DMSO, Ti3C2Tx‐ACN, and Ti3C2Tx‐DMAC, respectively. The highest interlayer space, lowest binding energy, and amide groups make the DMAC intercalated Ti3C2Tx‐based MSC exhibit volumetric capacitance of 1873 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, much higher than 1103 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐H2O, 1313 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐ACN, 544 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐DMSO. The superior flexibility that results in invariable capacitance under 5000 bending cycles, together with the lighting test of the fabricated MSC, demonstrates its application in the wearable integrated system.
二维Ti3C2Tx MXene的分层使各种离子和小有机分子注入其层中，从而导致层间距离可调，电化学性能可调。由于Li+、Na+、Mg2+ Zn2+等金属离子的半径不同，需要根据相应的金属离子基储能装置考虑合适的插层剂选择。本文报道了N,N -二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)，乙腈(ACN)，二甲亚砜(DMSO)， LiCl (H2O)嵌入Ti3C2Tx阴极，并通过制备锌离子微超级电容器(MSCs)对其电化学性能进行了比较。研究发现，H2O、DMSO、ACN、DMAC插层Ti3C2Tx阴极的计算层间空间增加了3.42、7.47、7.79、8.3 Å，而Ti3C2Tx‐H2O、Ti3C2Tx‐DMSO、Ti3C2Tx‐ACN和Ti3C2Tx‐DMAC的计算结合能分别降低了- 0.03、- 0.78、- 1.91和- 3.06 eV。最大的层间空间、最低的结合能和酰胺基团使得DMAC嵌入Ti3C2Tx - based MSC在5 mV s - 1扫描速率下的体积电容为1873 F cm - 3，远高于Ti3C2Tx - H2O的1103 F cm - 3, Ti3C2Tx - ACN的1313 F cm - 3, Ti3C2Tx - DMSO的544 F cm - 3。优越的柔韧性使其在5000次弯曲循环下保持不变的电容，并通过制造的MSC的照明测试，证明了其在可穿戴集成系统中的应用。
{"title":"Intercalation of Small Organic Molecules into Ti3C2Tx MXene Cathodes for Flexible High‐Volume‐Capacitance Zn‐Ion Microsupercapacitor","authors":"Weijia Liu, La Li, Chuqiao Hu, Di Chen, G. Shen","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200158","url":null,"abstract":"The delamination of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene endows the injection of various ions and small organic molecules into its layers, thus leading to a tunable distance between layers and adjustable electrochemical properties. A suitable selection of intercalators needs to be considered according to the relevant metal‐ion‐based energy storage device because of the different radii of metal ions such as Li+, Na+, Mg2+ Zn2+, etc. Herein, the intercalation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAC), acetonitrile (ACN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), LiCl (H2O) into Ti3C2Tx cathodes and their electrochemical performance comparisons by fabricating Zn‐ion microsupercapacitors (MSCs) is reported. Studies found that an increased calculated interlayer space of 3.42, 7.47, 7.79, 8.3 Å is obtained for the H2O, DMSO, ACN, DMAC intercalated Ti3C2Tx cathodes, and a decreased calculated binding energy of −0.03, −0.78, −1.91, and −3.06 eV is obtained for the Ti3C2Tx‐H2O, Ti3C2Tx‐DMSO, Ti3C2Tx‐ACN, and Ti3C2Tx‐DMAC, respectively. The highest interlayer space, lowest binding energy, and amide groups make the DMAC intercalated Ti3C2Tx‐based MSC exhibit volumetric capacitance of 1873 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, much higher than 1103 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐H2O, 1313 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐ACN, 544 F cm−3 for Ti3C2Tx‐DMSO. The superior flexibility that results in invariable capacitance under 5000 bending cycles, together with the lighting test of the fabricated MSC, demonstrates its application in the wearable integrated system.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"7 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78026701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyang Yang, Guangyou Liu, Z. Zeng, Shuhao Zhang, Jie Liu, Zong Qin, Zhihe Chen, Bo‐Ru Yang
Human–machine interaction will be revolutionarily different in the future Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Many displays will be adopted onto electronic devices to enhance human–device communication, even under a very bright sunlight ambience. Thus, power consumption and sunlight visibility are important attributes for this application. Electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have the inherent advantages of ultra‐low power consumption and high sunlight visibility, which are perfectly suitable for IoT applications. The low power consumption resulted from the balance of viscosity, gravity, and other complicated forces involved in the electrophoretic dispersion. This force balance is generally termed “bistability,” meaning the particle‐packing can be stable without external power at black and white image states. However, good bistability implies a slow image updating rate, significantly degrades users’ experience. In this work, a 3D network structure that undergoes disruption and reorganization with the particles’ movement is utilized in the electrophoretic ink dispersion. Dynamic viscosity modulation enables the bistable and fast‐response dual‐working modes. The newly developed design can increase the response speed of EPDs by a factor of 2.38, simultaneously maintaining the bistability. The electronic ink with this reversible network provides a promising solution for the future video‐rate e‐paper displays.
{"title":"Dual‐Mode Switching E‐Paper by Negative Electrorheological Fluid with Reversible Silica Networks","authors":"Mingyang Yang, Guangyou Liu, Z. Zeng, Shuhao Zhang, Jie Liu, Zong Qin, Zhihe Chen, Bo‐Ru Yang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200371","url":null,"abstract":"Human–machine interaction will be revolutionarily different in the future Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Many displays will be adopted onto electronic devices to enhance human–device communication, even under a very bright sunlight ambience. Thus, power consumption and sunlight visibility are important attributes for this application. Electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have the inherent advantages of ultra‐low power consumption and high sunlight visibility, which are perfectly suitable for IoT applications. The low power consumption resulted from the balance of viscosity, gravity, and other complicated forces involved in the electrophoretic dispersion. This force balance is generally termed “bistability,” meaning the particle‐packing can be stable without external power at black and white image states. However, good bistability implies a slow image updating rate, significantly degrades users’ experience. In this work, a 3D network structure that undergoes disruption and reorganization with the particles’ movement is utilized in the electrophoretic ink dispersion. Dynamic viscosity modulation enables the bistable and fast‐response dual‐working modes. The newly developed design can increase the response speed of EPDs by a factor of 2.38, simultaneously maintaining the bistability. The electronic ink with this reversible network provides a promising solution for the future video‐rate e‐paper displays.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86437316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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