Zhuohuan Wu, Jiayi Liu, He Zhang, Jiayun Feng, Yanhong TIAN
ABSTRACT Self‐powered humidity sensors promise low power, long‐term deployment, and miniaturization for smart agriculture, industrial automation, and wearable health monitoring. Conventional graphene oxide (GO) devices suffer from strongly bound water and high through‐thickness diffusion resistance, leading to slow recovery and pronounced hysteresis. Here we report a 3D sulfonated GO (S‐GO) self‐powered flexible humidity sensor. Introducing sulfonic groups with higher hydrophilicity and polarity enables proton generation at low relative humidity and rapid recombination during drying. The electrostatic repulsion induced by sulfonation slightly enlarges and homogenizes the interlayer spacing, and, together with a 3D interconnected framework, forms low‐tortuosity pathways for water transport. These features jointly shorten response and recovery times and markedly reduce hysteresis. The device operates without external bias and produces a stable voltage under humidity perturbations, exhibiting excellent cycling stability. We further demonstrate that the sensor can distinguish different breathing patterns. The proposed S‐GO architecture offers a promising materials‐and‐structure route toward fast, low‐hysteresis, and stable humidity sensing for flexible wearables and human‐machine interaction.
{"title":"Low‐Hysteresis Self‐Powered Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on Sulfonated Graphene Oxide for Breath Monitoring","authors":"Zhuohuan Wu, Jiayi Liu, He Zhang, Jiayun Feng, Yanhong TIAN","doi":"10.1002/admt.202502304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202502304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Self‐powered humidity sensors promise low power, long‐term deployment, and miniaturization for smart agriculture, industrial automation, and wearable health monitoring. Conventional graphene oxide (GO) devices suffer from strongly bound water and high through‐thickness diffusion resistance, leading to slow recovery and pronounced hysteresis. Here we report a 3D sulfonated GO (S‐GO) self‐powered flexible humidity sensor. Introducing sulfonic groups with higher hydrophilicity and polarity enables proton generation at low relative humidity and rapid recombination during drying. The electrostatic repulsion induced by sulfonation slightly enlarges and homogenizes the interlayer spacing, and, together with a 3D interconnected framework, forms low‐tortuosity pathways for water transport. These features jointly shorten response and recovery times and markedly reduce hysteresis. The device operates without external bias and produces a stable voltage under humidity perturbations, exhibiting excellent cycling stability. We further demonstrate that the sensor can distinguish different breathing patterns. The proposed S‐GO architecture offers a promising materials‐and‐structure route toward fast, low‐hysteresis, and stable humidity sensing for flexible wearables and human‐machine interaction.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/admt.202502304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingzhou Su, Wenxuan Yang, Wenjie Luo, Boyoung Han, Xiaoli Wang, Hao Huang, Yang Zhang, Xue‐Feng Yu, Yanliang Liu
ABSTRACT Although perovskite thick films are promising candidates for direct X‐ray imaging, their poor thermal shock resistance compromises the structural integrity, leading to cracking and detachment of the thick films. Herein, we employed a silicone binder to achieve robust integration of perovskite thick films onto TFT arrays while ensuring efficient charge transport. The skeletal effect of the silicone binder produced compact films and robust adhesion to the TFT array, increasing the bond strength from 13.73 to 47.61 N. Furthermore, the terminal groups of the silicone effectively passivate defects and elevate charge transport in the perovskites, leading to reduced defect density from 1.29 × 10 11 to 5.92 × 10 10 cm −3 and enhanced carrier mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product from 5.17 × 10 −4 to 1.66 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 . The resulting X‐ray detectors demonstrate a remarkably low detection limit of 37.12 nGy air s −1 , and the flat‐panel X‐ray detector achieves a high spatial resolution of 2.8 lp mm −1 , enabling clear and high‐contrast X‐ray imaging.
尽管钙钛矿厚膜是直接X射线成像的有希望的候选者，但其较差的抗热震性损害了结构完整性，导致厚膜开裂和脱离。在这里，我们使用硅粘合剂实现钙钛矿厚膜与TFT阵列的牢固集成，同时确保有效的电荷传输。的骨骼影响有机硅粘合剂生产TFT阵列紧凑的电影和健壮的附着力,提高粘结强度从13.73到47.61 n .此外,硅胶的终端组有效地使钝化缺陷和提高电荷传输在钙钛矿,导致减少缺陷密度从1.29×10 11 5.92×10 10厘米−3和增强载流子迁移率还是一生(µτ)产品从5.17×10−4 2 V 1.66×10−3厘米−1。由此产生的X射线探测器显示出37.12 nGy空气s - 1的低检测极限，平板X射线探测器达到2.8 lp mm - 1的高空间分辨率，实现清晰和高对比度的X射线成像。
{"title":"Silicone‐Bonded Robust Perovskite Thick Films Integrated onto TFT Arrays for X‐Ray Imaging","authors":"Xingzhou Su, Wenxuan Yang, Wenjie Luo, Boyoung Han, Xiaoli Wang, Hao Huang, Yang Zhang, Xue‐Feng Yu, Yanliang Liu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202502267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202502267","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although perovskite thick films are promising candidates for direct X‐ray imaging, their poor thermal shock resistance compromises the structural integrity, leading to cracking and detachment of the thick films. Herein, we employed a silicone binder to achieve robust integration of perovskite thick films onto TFT arrays while ensuring efficient charge transport. The skeletal effect of the silicone binder produced compact films and robust adhesion to the TFT array, increasing the bond strength from 13.73 to 47.61 N. Furthermore, the terminal groups of the silicone effectively passivate defects and elevate charge transport in the perovskites, leading to reduced defect density from 1.29 × 10 11 to 5.92 × 10 10 cm −3 and enhanced carrier mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product from 5.17 × 10 −4 to 1.66 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 . The resulting X‐ray detectors demonstrate a remarkably low detection limit of 37.12 nGy air s −1 , and the flat‐panel X‐ray detector achieves a high spatial resolution of 2.8 lp mm −1 , enabling clear and high‐contrast X‐ray imaging.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xudong Liu, Yong Wen, Shenzhen Li, Lu Zhou, Hao Wu, Junhao Xie, Jinqiu Tao, Qianping Ran
ABSTRACT Ice accretion induced by extreme weather conditions poses a serious threat to the safe operation of infrastructure. Although superhydrophobic coatings exhibit excellent passive anti‐icing performance, they generally lack active deicing capabilities. In this study, a novel photothermal superhydrophobic coating (PM‐CPPS) is developed by integrating hydrangea‐like hollow carbon nanospheres (CPPS) with a water‐soluble fluorine‐free polysiloxane (PMATE), enabling a synergistic effect of passive anti‐icing and active deicing. The hierarchical micro/nanostructure and low surface energy of the PM‐CPPS coating significantly enhanced its hydrophobicity (WCA > 157°), and the photothermal effect enabled complete melting of surface ice within 93 s. Experimental results showed that at −15°C, the coating extended the freezing time of water droplets by approximately 20‐fold. Additionally, interfacial adhesion is improved via an epoxy–amine ring‐opening reaction between epoxy groups and polydopamine (PDA), allowing the coating to maintain superhydrophobicity after 200 sandpaper abrasion cycles and 160 tape‐peeling tests. PM‐CPPS exhibited an ultra‐low initial ice adhesion strength (5.25 kPa) and a stable photothermal conversion efficiency of 83.24%. This study offers an efficient and durable coating design strategy for long‐term anti‐icing and deicing applications in infrastructure under extreme environmental conditions.
{"title":"Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coating Based on Hollow Carbon Nanospheres and Water‐Soluble Fluorine‐Free Polysiloxane for Durable Anti‐Icing/Deicing","authors":"Xudong Liu, Yong Wen, Shenzhen Li, Lu Zhou, Hao Wu, Junhao Xie, Jinqiu Tao, Qianping Ran","doi":"10.1002/admt.202501476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202501476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ice accretion induced by extreme weather conditions poses a serious threat to the safe operation of infrastructure. Although superhydrophobic coatings exhibit excellent passive anti‐icing performance, they generally lack active deicing capabilities. In this study, a novel photothermal superhydrophobic coating (PM‐CPPS) is developed by integrating hydrangea‐like hollow carbon nanospheres (CPPS) with a water‐soluble fluorine‐free polysiloxane (PMATE), enabling a synergistic effect of passive anti‐icing and active deicing. The hierarchical micro/nanostructure and low surface energy of the PM‐CPPS coating significantly enhanced its hydrophobicity (WCA > 157°), and the photothermal effect enabled complete melting of surface ice within 93 s. Experimental results showed that at −15°C, the coating extended the freezing time of water droplets by approximately 20‐fold. Additionally, interfacial adhesion is improved via an epoxy–amine ring‐opening reaction between epoxy groups and polydopamine (PDA), allowing the coating to maintain superhydrophobicity after 200 sandpaper abrasion cycles and 160 tape‐peeling tests. PM‐CPPS exhibited an ultra‐low initial ice adhesion strength (5.25 kPa) and a stable photothermal conversion efficiency of 83.24%. This study offers an efficient and durable coating design strategy for long‐term anti‐icing and deicing applications in infrastructure under extreme environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Ionogels have emerged as versatile materials with potential applications in flexible electronics and soft robotics. However, preparing high‐performance ionogels with high conductivity and good mechanical strength remains challenging. Here, we report the development of a novel ionogel as a wearable device for monitoring the stimulus‐response behavior of aquatic animals. The integration of silver nanowires (AgNWs) endows the ionogel with good electrical conductivity (0.56 S m −1 ) and mechanical robustness (strain tolerance › 1400%). The ionic liquid (IL) makes the AgIL ionogel exhibit superior adhesion properties (84.6 kPa) across diverse substrates, including biological tissues (e.g., pig skin). Furthermore, this wearable electronic exhibits an ultralow detection limit (0.5%). The wearable electronics device consists of flexible AgIL ionogels as the sensing material, a microcontroller, a signal processing circuit, and a Bluetooth transceiver. Its electrical responsiveness and stable cyclic performance highlight its potential for wearable applications. This device can clearly and continuously monitor the regular or various stimuli‐induced movements of the gills, tail, and body of aquatic animals such as the Chinese sturgeon and bullfrog. Comparative studies with traditional rigid ionogels and hydrogels underscore the significant enhancements in flexibility, adhesion, and conductivity by our design. This work provides a pathway for engineering multifunctional gels tailored for next‐generation soft electronic interfaces and broadens the strain sensors' application range.
离子凝胶作为一种多功能材料，在柔性电子和软机器人领域具有潜在的应用前景。然而，制备具有高导电性和良好机械强度的高性能离子凝胶仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们报告了一种新型离子凝胶的发展，作为一种可穿戴设备，用于监测水生动物的刺激反应行为。银纳米线（AgNWs）的集成使离子凝胶具有良好的导电性（0.56 S m−1）和机械稳健性（应变容限：1400%）。离子液体（IL）使AgIL离子凝胶在包括生物组织（如猪皮）在内的各种底物上表现出优越的粘附性能（84.6 kPa）。此外，该可穿戴电子产品具有超低检测限（0.5%）。该可穿戴电子设备由柔性AgIL离子凝胶作为传感材料、微控制器、信号处理电路和蓝牙收发器组成。其电气响应性和稳定的循环性能突出了其可穿戴应用的潜力。该装置可以清晰、连续地监测水生动物（如中华鲟和牛蛙）的鳃、尾巴和身体的常规或各种刺激引起的运动。与传统刚性离子凝胶和水凝胶的比较研究强调了我们的设计在柔韧性、粘附性和导电性方面的显著增强。这项工作为下一代软电子界面定制的工程多功能凝胶提供了一条途径，拓宽了应变传感器的应用范围。
{"title":"A High‐Conductivity and Adhesive Ionogel Strain Sensor for Monitoring Stimulus‐Response Behavior of Aquatic Organism","authors":"Yahui Wen, Xinghai Wang, Jinxue Zhao, Wei Xia, Meiwen Zhu, Zhiguang Lin, Tuyan Luo, Keqiang Lai, Lidong Wu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202502127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202502127","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ionogels have emerged as versatile materials with potential applications in flexible electronics and soft robotics. However, preparing high‐performance ionogels with high conductivity and good mechanical strength remains challenging. Here, we report the development of a novel ionogel as a wearable device for monitoring the stimulus‐response behavior of aquatic animals. The integration of silver nanowires (AgNWs) endows the ionogel with good electrical conductivity (0.56 S m −1 ) and mechanical robustness (strain tolerance › 1400%). The ionic liquid (IL) makes the AgIL ionogel exhibit superior adhesion properties (84.6 kPa) across diverse substrates, including biological tissues (e.g., pig skin). Furthermore, this wearable electronic exhibits an ultralow detection limit (0.5%). The wearable electronics device consists of flexible AgIL ionogels as the sensing material, a microcontroller, a signal processing circuit, and a Bluetooth transceiver. Its electrical responsiveness and stable cyclic performance highlight its potential for wearable applications. This device can clearly and continuously monitor the regular or various stimuli‐induced movements of the gills, tail, and body of aquatic animals such as the Chinese sturgeon and bullfrog. Comparative studies with traditional rigid ionogels and hydrogels underscore the significant enhancements in flexibility, adhesion, and conductivity by our design. This work provides a pathway for engineering multifunctional gels tailored for next‐generation soft electronic interfaces and broadens the strain sensors' application range.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Pyrochlore‐based metal oxide nanocomposites offer an attractive pathway for developing next‐generation gas sensors by exploiting interfacial charge transfer and band engineering. Here, we report for the first time the use of Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 nanocomposites for ultra‐trace NH 3 detection at room temperature. The materials are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route and systematically evaluated against common volatile organic compounds, including ethanol, acetone, methanol, n‐butanol, isopropanol, and triethanolamine. The Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 heterojunction demonstrated outstanding selectivity toward NH 3 , with the optimized CeTi2 sensor delivering an ultrahigh response of 83.8% to 100 ppm, a rapid response time of 12 and 5 s, and an exceptionally low detection limit of 2 ppb under ambient conditions (25°C). At 100°C, the prepared CeTi2 sensor displays a gas sensing response of 82.1% towards 100 ppm of NH 3 . Beyond sensitivity, the device exhibited excellent repeatability and long‐term stability, and ensured reliable operation under realistic environments. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 interface induces strong surface band bending and remarkably accelerates charge transport and reversible adsorption–desorption dynamics. This work establishes Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 as a pioneering platform for ppt‐level NH 3 detection, offering a powerful combination of selectivity, stability, and energy‐efficient operation for environmental monitoring and industrial safety.
{"title":"Engineered Ce <sub>2</sub> Sn <sub>2</sub> O <sub>7</sub> /TiO <sub>2</sub> Heterojunctions for High‐Performance MEMS Ammonia Gas Sensor","authors":"Mathankumar Ganesan, Jin Li, T.S. Cheng, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202502034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202502034","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pyrochlore‐based metal oxide nanocomposites offer an attractive pathway for developing next‐generation gas sensors by exploiting interfacial charge transfer and band engineering. Here, we report for the first time the use of Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 nanocomposites for ultra‐trace NH 3 detection at room temperature. The materials are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route and systematically evaluated against common volatile organic compounds, including ethanol, acetone, methanol, n‐butanol, isopropanol, and triethanolamine. The Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 heterojunction demonstrated outstanding selectivity toward NH 3 , with the optimized CeTi2 sensor delivering an ultrahigh response of 83.8% to 100 ppm, a rapid response time of 12 and 5 s, and an exceptionally low detection limit of 2 ppb under ambient conditions (25°C). At 100°C, the prepared CeTi2 sensor displays a gas sensing response of 82.1% towards 100 ppm of NH 3 . Beyond sensitivity, the device exhibited excellent repeatability and long‐term stability, and ensured reliable operation under realistic environments. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 interface induces strong surface band bending and remarkably accelerates charge transport and reversible adsorption–desorption dynamics. This work establishes Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /TiO 2 as a pioneering platform for ppt‐level NH 3 detection, offering a powerful combination of selectivity, stability, and energy‐efficient operation for environmental monitoring and industrial safety.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Accurate detection of ascorbic acid (AA) levels is essential for diagnosing scurvy. However, traditional sweat‐based AA sensors are hindered by complex, costly electrodes, and weakly hydrophobic substrates. In this work, we present a novel approach to sweat AA detection using simple, low‐cost, and highly hydrophilic sensors fabricated from carbon electrodes printed on flexible, delignified wood substrates. The electrodes are fabricated by screen‐printing carbon ink, resulting in low‐cost, simple structures. The wood substrates are prepared through a delignification process, which enhances their flexibility and hydrophilicity, enabling direct sweat permeability due to the natural alignment of vessel channels in the wood structure. These fabrication methods and unique substrate structures give the sensors a high sensitivity (0.032 µA·L·µmol −1 ), excellent selectivity, a low detection limit (10 µmol/L), and a wide linear range (10–1000 µmol/L), along with a fast response time, and outstanding stability against mechanical bending, temperature fluctuations, and long‐term storage. Selective detection of ascorbic acid is achieved even in the presence of common interfering substances such as glucose and dopamine. Moreover, the sensors have been successfully tested on real human skin, demonstrating their potential for reliable real‐time monitoring of AA levels. These sensors could be applied in the prognosis, diagnosis, and management of scurvy.
{"title":"Simple, Low‐Cost, Hydrophilic, and Permeable Sensors for Sweat Ascorbic Acid Detection with Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes and Flexible Wood Substrates","authors":"Linhe Xu, Xueshan Hu, Fuyu Zhang, Shuang Zhou, Z.L. Zhang, Junxian Zhang, Haolan Liang, Hao Liu, Gang Chen, Qiang Zhang, Soham Das, Jinsong Tao, Jiayu Wan","doi":"10.1002/admt.202501602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202501602","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accurate detection of ascorbic acid (AA) levels is essential for diagnosing scurvy. However, traditional sweat‐based AA sensors are hindered by complex, costly electrodes, and weakly hydrophobic substrates. In this work, we present a novel approach to sweat AA detection using simple, low‐cost, and highly hydrophilic sensors fabricated from carbon electrodes printed on flexible, delignified wood substrates. The electrodes are fabricated by screen‐printing carbon ink, resulting in low‐cost, simple structures. The wood substrates are prepared through a delignification process, which enhances their flexibility and hydrophilicity, enabling direct sweat permeability due to the natural alignment of vessel channels in the wood structure. These fabrication methods and unique substrate structures give the sensors a high sensitivity (0.032 µA·L·µmol −1 ), excellent selectivity, a low detection limit (10 µmol/L), and a wide linear range (10–1000 µmol/L), along with a fast response time, and outstanding stability against mechanical bending, temperature fluctuations, and long‐term storage. Selective detection of ascorbic acid is achieved even in the presence of common interfering substances such as glucose and dopamine. Moreover, the sensors have been successfully tested on real human skin, demonstrating their potential for reliable real‐time monitoring of AA levels. These sensors could be applied in the prognosis, diagnosis, and management of scurvy.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rong Sun, Peng Xiao, Lei Sun, Dongliang Guo, Ye Wang, Jun Wu
Abstract The swelling behavior of lithium‐ion batteries provides critical insights into their operational status, offering significant potential for safety early‐warning systems. However, conventional flexible force sensors face substantial challenges in battery expansion monitoring due to stringent requirements regarding installation dimensions, measurement range, and long‐term durability. This study presents an innovative thin‐film force sensor based on fumed silica‐modified conductive ink, where the silica‐induced hydrogen bonding network effectively suppresses ink leveling during fabrication, thereby preserving controlled surface micro‐roughness in the printed functional layer. The optimized sensor demonstrates exceptional performance characteristics, including an extended pressure range (0–1200 kPa), rapid response time (<50 ms), and excellent cycling stability (>10 000 cycles). Integrated into a 4 × 4 sensing array, the system successfully monitors dynamic swelling force variations during the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, by combining voltage and swelling force data through an advanced data fusion algorithm, highly accurate state‐of‐charge estimation is achieved with 98.13% accuracy at 1% resolution, representing a significant improvement over conventional monitoring methods. This work establishes a new paradigm for battery safety management through mechanical signature analysis, providing both fundamental insights and practical solutions for next‐generation battery monitoring systems.
{"title":"Thixotropic Ink‐Engineered Flexible Sensors for Real‐Time Swelling Force Monitoring in LFP Batteries","authors":"Rong Sun, Peng Xiao, Lei Sun, Dongliang Guo, Ye Wang, Jun Wu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202501566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202501566","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The swelling behavior of lithium‐ion batteries provides critical insights into their operational status, offering significant potential for safety early‐warning systems. However, conventional flexible force sensors face substantial challenges in battery expansion monitoring due to stringent requirements regarding installation dimensions, measurement range, and long‐term durability. This study presents an innovative thin‐film force sensor based on fumed silica‐modified conductive ink, where the silica‐induced hydrogen bonding network effectively suppresses ink leveling during fabrication, thereby preserving controlled surface micro‐roughness in the printed functional layer. The optimized sensor demonstrates exceptional performance characteristics, including an extended pressure range (0–1200 kPa), rapid response time (<50 ms), and excellent cycling stability (>10 000 cycles). Integrated into a 4 × 4 sensing array, the system successfully monitors dynamic swelling force variations during the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, by combining voltage and swelling force data through an advanced data fusion algorithm, highly accurate state‐of‐charge estimation is achieved with 98.13% accuracy at 1% resolution, representing a significant improvement over conventional monitoring methods. This work establishes a new paradigm for battery safety management through mechanical signature analysis, providing both fundamental insights and practical solutions for next‐generation battery monitoring systems.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Liu, Huayu Xu, Ming Dong, Renhou Han, J. Tao, Rongrong Bao, Caofeng Pan
Flexible electronic equipment is an emerging field in recent years, which attaches more attention to be researched and applied in health monitoring and human–machine interface. However, for the existing pressure sensors, even a very slight pressure will greatly reduce their sensitivity, so it is an urgent problem to be solved for achieving high sensitivity and wide application range simultaneously. Hence, a high‐performance piezoresistive pressure sensor based on PAN nanofiber films (PAN NFs) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is proposed. The realization of high sensitivity and wide sensing range is based on the microstructure of accordion‐like MXene and the macrostructure of fluffy porous blowing spinning PAN nanofibers, which exhibits a high sensitivity of 81.89 kPa−1 over a wide sensing range of 0.83–38.13 kPa and the dynamic responses to external pressures can reach 98.73 kPa. The pressure sensors based on skin surface‐like 3D patterned interwoven structure are used for health monitoring and tiny pressure detecting. Moreover, the application in human–machine interface is demonstrated. Additionally, to meet the requirement of long‐term wearing, the structure of the sensor is optimized and endowed with excellent breathability and conformal properties, which promotes the further development of flexible electronic equipment.
{"title":"Highly Sensitive Wearable Pressure Sensor Over a Wide Sensing Range Enabled by the Skin Surface‐Like 3D Patterned Interwoven Structure","authors":"Yue Liu, Huayu Xu, Ming Dong, Renhou Han, J. Tao, Rongrong Bao, Caofeng Pan","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200504","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible electronic equipment is an emerging field in recent years, which attaches more attention to be researched and applied in health monitoring and human–machine interface. However, for the existing pressure sensors, even a very slight pressure will greatly reduce their sensitivity, so it is an urgent problem to be solved for achieving high sensitivity and wide application range simultaneously. Hence, a high‐performance piezoresistive pressure sensor based on PAN nanofiber films (PAN NFs) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) is proposed. The realization of high sensitivity and wide sensing range is based on the microstructure of accordion‐like MXene and the macrostructure of fluffy porous blowing spinning PAN nanofibers, which exhibits a high sensitivity of 81.89 kPa−1 over a wide sensing range of 0.83–38.13 kPa and the dynamic responses to external pressures can reach 98.73 kPa. The pressure sensors based on skin surface‐like 3D patterned interwoven structure are used for health monitoring and tiny pressure detecting. Moreover, the application in human–machine interface is demonstrated. Additionally, to meet the requirement of long‐term wearing, the structure of the sensor is optimized and endowed with excellent breathability and conformal properties, which promotes the further development of flexible electronic equipment.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78555900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peikai Zhang, Bicheng Zhu, Yufei Luo, J. Travas-sejdic
Electrically driven actuators have found widespread applications in biomimetics and soft robotics. Among different actuation materials, conducting polymers (CPs) have stood out due to their unique doping‐based actuation mechanism. Fabricating actuators at the microscale is particularly important, not only in the manufacturing of delicate biomimetic/robotic devices but also in advanced microphysiological studies. However, the choice for microfabrication techniques is limited, with the reported CP microactuators being mainly planar. To overcome this issue, a new micropipette‐based method is developed for the fabrication of free‐standing 3D CP actuators. The two‐layer actuator consists of a layer of PPy:CF3SO3, fabricated by localized electropolymerization, and a layer of PEDOT:PSS, fabricated by a “direct writing” technique. Due to the opposite contraction and expansion behavior of these two CPs, determined by the size of dopants, the electrically driven bending actuators have been demonstrated. This fabrication approach provides unprecedented capability for fabricating high aspect ratio microactuators: the 360° bending orientation of the actuators can be controlled by the relative position of the two layers. As a proof‐of‐principle, we demonstrate CP “micro‐tweezers” and the manipulation of a PDMS microsphere. The technique developed in this work opens exciting opportunities to manufacture advanced artificial muscles and sophisticated soft microrobotics.
{"title":"Micropipette‐Based Fabrication of Free‐Standing, Conducting Polymer Bilayer Actuators","authors":"Peikai Zhang, Bicheng Zhu, Yufei Luo, J. Travas-sejdic","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200686","url":null,"abstract":"Electrically driven actuators have found widespread applications in biomimetics and soft robotics. Among different actuation materials, conducting polymers (CPs) have stood out due to their unique doping‐based actuation mechanism. Fabricating actuators at the microscale is particularly important, not only in the manufacturing of delicate biomimetic/robotic devices but also in advanced microphysiological studies. However, the choice for microfabrication techniques is limited, with the reported CP microactuators being mainly planar. To overcome this issue, a new micropipette‐based method is developed for the fabrication of free‐standing 3D CP actuators. The two‐layer actuator consists of a layer of PPy:CF3SO3, fabricated by localized electropolymerization, and a layer of PEDOT:PSS, fabricated by a “direct writing” technique. Due to the opposite contraction and expansion behavior of these two CPs, determined by the size of dopants, the electrically driven bending actuators have been demonstrated. This fabrication approach provides unprecedented capability for fabricating high aspect ratio microactuators: the 360° bending orientation of the actuators can be controlled by the relative position of the two layers. As a proof‐of‐principle, we demonstrate CP “micro‐tweezers” and the manipulation of a PDMS microsphere. The technique developed in this work opens exciting opportunities to manufacture advanced artificial muscles and sophisticated soft microrobotics.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89361045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longsheng Lu, D. Zhang, Yingxi Xie, Heng-fei He, Wentao Wang
Latest advances have witnessed the laser scribing of various active materials from synthetic polymers to natural sources without masks, post‐treatment, or toxic substances. However, laser induced graphene (LIG) on renewable precursors usually requires flame‐retardant pretreatment and multistep pulsed or defocused irradiation. Laser scribing of silicon carbide (SiC) from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is limited by its high transparency over a broad wavelength range. Here, a structural design strategy is adopted to solve these two dilemmas at the same time, that is, laser scribing of carbonized cloth/PDMS to prepare LIG/SiC composites. Natural cotton cloth is precarbonized and inserted in PDMS substrate to facilitate heat absorption for the in situ formation of SiC, while the soft PDMS attached to the carbonized cloth absorbs heat and isolates oxygen, enabling the conversion of amorphous carbon to LIG. Under these multifield coupling effects, a core–shell LIG/SiC electrode is formed on the carbonized cloth with tunable mass ratio, morphology, and graphene defects. Experimentally, the LIG/SiC pressure sensor exhibits a good sensitivity of 1.91 kPa−1 in the super‐wide sensing range of 0–226.7 kPa. By demonstrating different scenarios such as real‐time monitoring of large body movements, tiny pulses and heartbeats, the flexible pressure sensors hold great promise in wearable electronics.
{"title":"Laser Induced Graphene/Silicon Carbide: Core–Shell Structure, Multifield Coupling Effects, and Pressure Sensor Applications","authors":"Longsheng Lu, D. Zhang, Yingxi Xie, Heng-fei He, Wentao Wang","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200441","url":null,"abstract":"Latest advances have witnessed the laser scribing of various active materials from synthetic polymers to natural sources without masks, post‐treatment, or toxic substances. However, laser induced graphene (LIG) on renewable precursors usually requires flame‐retardant pretreatment and multistep pulsed or defocused irradiation. Laser scribing of silicon carbide (SiC) from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is limited by its high transparency over a broad wavelength range. Here, a structural design strategy is adopted to solve these two dilemmas at the same time, that is, laser scribing of carbonized cloth/PDMS to prepare LIG/SiC composites. Natural cotton cloth is precarbonized and inserted in PDMS substrate to facilitate heat absorption for the in situ formation of SiC, while the soft PDMS attached to the carbonized cloth absorbs heat and isolates oxygen, enabling the conversion of amorphous carbon to LIG. Under these multifield coupling effects, a core–shell LIG/SiC electrode is formed on the carbonized cloth with tunable mass ratio, morphology, and graphene defects. Experimentally, the LIG/SiC pressure sensor exhibits a good sensitivity of 1.91 kPa−1 in the super‐wide sensing range of 0–226.7 kPa. By demonstrating different scenarios such as real‐time monitoring of large body movements, tiny pulses and heartbeats, the flexible pressure sensors hold great promise in wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90524580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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