Jacob Brenneman, Derya Z. Tansel, G. Fedder, R. Panat
Nanoparticle 3D printing and sintering is a promising method to achieve freeform interconnects on compliant substrates for applications such as soft robotics and wearable healthcare devices. However, previous strategies to sinter metallic nanoparticles while preserving the soft polymer substrate are rife with problems such as cracking and low conductivity of the metallic features. In this paper, the mechanisms of cracking in nanoparticle‐based 3D printed and sintered stretchable interconnects are identified and architecture and processing strategies are demonstrated to achieve crack‐free interconnects fully embedded in thin (<100 μm in thickness) stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with external connectivity. Capillary forces between nanoparticles developed through rapid solvent evaporation in the colloidal ink is hypothesized to initiate cracking during drying. Additionally, the presence of oxygen promotes the removal of organic surfactants and binders in the nanoparticle ink which increases nanoparticle agglomeration, grain growth, and subsequently conductivity. An experimental step‐wise variation of the thermal/atmospheric process conditions supports this hypothesis and shows that the presence of air during a low temperature drying step reduces the capillary stress to produce crack‐free interconnects with high conductivities (up to 56% of bulk metal) while having an excellent compatibility with the underlying polymer materials. Finally, stretchable interconnects fully‐encapsulated in PDMS polymer, with 3D pillar architectures for external connectivity are demonstrated, thus also solving an important “last‐mile” problem in the packaging of stretchable electronics.
{"title":"High‐Conductivity Crack‐Free 3D Electrical Interconnects Directly Printed on Soft PDMS Substrates","authors":"Jacob Brenneman, Derya Z. Tansel, G. Fedder, R. Panat","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200396","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle 3D printing and sintering is a promising method to achieve freeform interconnects on compliant substrates for applications such as soft robotics and wearable healthcare devices. However, previous strategies to sinter metallic nanoparticles while preserving the soft polymer substrate are rife with problems such as cracking and low conductivity of the metallic features. In this paper, the mechanisms of cracking in nanoparticle‐based 3D printed and sintered stretchable interconnects are identified and architecture and processing strategies are demonstrated to achieve crack‐free interconnects fully embedded in thin (<100 μm in thickness) stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with external connectivity. Capillary forces between nanoparticles developed through rapid solvent evaporation in the colloidal ink is hypothesized to initiate cracking during drying. Additionally, the presence of oxygen promotes the removal of organic surfactants and binders in the nanoparticle ink which increases nanoparticle agglomeration, grain growth, and subsequently conductivity. An experimental step‐wise variation of the thermal/atmospheric process conditions supports this hypothesis and shows that the presence of air during a low temperature drying step reduces the capillary stress to produce crack‐free interconnects with high conductivities (up to 56% of bulk metal) while having an excellent compatibility with the underlying polymer materials. Finally, stretchable interconnects fully‐encapsulated in PDMS polymer, with 3D pillar architectures for external connectivity are demonstrated, thus also solving an important “last‐mile” problem in the packaging of stretchable electronics.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"242 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73310238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herceptin (or trastuzumab) is an important therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) used in the treatment of HER2‐positive breast cancer. Real‐time counting and characterization of Herceptin is a fundamental step in the field of disease‐related diagnosis and therapy. Solid‐state nanopore‐based biosensors have been proved to hold great potential in characterizing the properties of proteins at the single‐molecule level for in vitro diagnosis. Here, the label‐free detection and detailed translocation dynamics study of Herceptin using solid‐state nanopores are demonstrated. By constricting nanopore size close to the size of Herceptin, the detection sensitivity and temporal resolution have been significantly improved, allowing the delicate probing of the structural information of single‐molecule Herceptin. Therefore, three types of Herceptin translocation events are identified through nanopores, single‐level, multi‐level and spike‐like events, emerged at different voltages regimes, indicating the unfolding kinetics of Herceptin under electric field. The potential influence of a high electric field on complex biomolecules is highlighted and a novel prospective platform is provided for label‐free detection of single‐molecule therapeutic monoclonal antibodies via solid‐state nanopores as a miniaturized biomedical device.
{"title":"Label‐Free Detection and Translocation Dynamics Study of Single‐Molecule Herceptin Using Solid‐State Nanopores","authors":"Ruisheng Hu, Wenlong Lu, Guanghao Wei, Hexin Nan, Juan Li, Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200018","url":null,"abstract":"Herceptin (or trastuzumab) is an important therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) used in the treatment of HER2‐positive breast cancer. Real‐time counting and characterization of Herceptin is a fundamental step in the field of disease‐related diagnosis and therapy. Solid‐state nanopore‐based biosensors have been proved to hold great potential in characterizing the properties of proteins at the single‐molecule level for in vitro diagnosis. Here, the label‐free detection and detailed translocation dynamics study of Herceptin using solid‐state nanopores are demonstrated. By constricting nanopore size close to the size of Herceptin, the detection sensitivity and temporal resolution have been significantly improved, allowing the delicate probing of the structural information of single‐molecule Herceptin. Therefore, three types of Herceptin translocation events are identified through nanopores, single‐level, multi‐level and spike‐like events, emerged at different voltages regimes, indicating the unfolding kinetics of Herceptin under electric field. The potential influence of a high electric field on complex biomolecules is highlighted and a novel prospective platform is provided for label‐free detection of single‐molecule therapeutic monoclonal antibodies via solid‐state nanopores as a miniaturized biomedical device.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81928612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Shao, Zhenfei Li, Zhengping Zhang, Xiong Wang, Weiren Zhu
Metasurfaces are extensively studied for the flexible manipulation of wavefront and polarization of electromagnetic waves with significant merits such as ultra‐thin profiles and low insertion losses. However, conventional meta‐devices are usually limited by achieving only single polarization modulation, and it is challenging to achieve mixed polarization and wavefront manipulation in a single metasurface. Here, a single‐layer anisotropic metasurface for independent wavefront manipulation in multiple polarization channels is presented. The meta‐atom is composed of two orthogonal dumbbell‐shaped metal patches placed on the top of a dielectric layer with grounded plane on the bottom. The reflective phases of the two orthogonal linearly polarized waves can be independently manipulated by changing the dimensions of the dumbbell‐shaped resonator. As a result, not only the propagation phase but also the polarization state of the outgoing wave can be manipulated independently as desired. As proof of concept, a metasurface is designed for converging the reflection beams of four polarization states to specific positions for four‐focus holographic imaging. The measured results are in good agreements with simulated ones, verifying the independent wavefront manipulations with arbitrary polarization conversions.
{"title":"Multi‐Channel Metasurface for Versatile Wavefront and Polarization Manipulation","authors":"Linda Shao, Zhenfei Li, Zhengping Zhang, Xiong Wang, Weiren Zhu","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200524","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces are extensively studied for the flexible manipulation of wavefront and polarization of electromagnetic waves with significant merits such as ultra‐thin profiles and low insertion losses. However, conventional meta‐devices are usually limited by achieving only single polarization modulation, and it is challenging to achieve mixed polarization and wavefront manipulation in a single metasurface. Here, a single‐layer anisotropic metasurface for independent wavefront manipulation in multiple polarization channels is presented. The meta‐atom is composed of two orthogonal dumbbell‐shaped metal patches placed on the top of a dielectric layer with grounded plane on the bottom. The reflective phases of the two orthogonal linearly polarized waves can be independently manipulated by changing the dimensions of the dumbbell‐shaped resonator. As a result, not only the propagation phase but also the polarization state of the outgoing wave can be manipulated independently as desired. As proof of concept, a metasurface is designed for converging the reflection beams of four polarization states to specific positions for four‐focus holographic imaging. The measured results are in good agreements with simulated ones, verifying the independent wavefront manipulations with arbitrary polarization conversions.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"61 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86627303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The flexible cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) strain sensors have gained attention owing to their great promising in human motion detection, electronic skin, and soft robotics. However, the effect of bending on the mechanical performance of the sensor altered by the variation of temperature is a key limitation to their potential. Here, the temperature‐dependent bending fatigue of the CNC‐graphene oxide‐Ag nanoparticles (NPs) strain sensor is systematically investigated, in which the sensitivity of the sensor is attenuated to 20% with the decreasing temperature from 30 to −30 °C after bending over 10 000 times. The finite element studies and theoretical calculations indicate that the interfacial crack can be caused by the stiffness mismatch between the Ag NPs and CNC at different temperatures. Under room temperature, the destruction and recombination of the hydrogen bonds network at the interfacial crack can effectively increase the dissipation of energy and hinder the development of cracks with repetitive bending stress. However, under low temperature, such recombination processes are broken by the formation of ice crystals in the CNC/Ag NPs interfacial cracks. The ice crystals accelerate the crack propagation and eventually make the CNC sensor suffer from deterioration.
{"title":"Temperature‐Dependent Fatigue Characterization of Flexible Cellulose Nanocrystal Strain Sensor","authors":"Bingkang Huang, Zhenhua Li, Jian-chang Li","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200413","url":null,"abstract":"The flexible cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) strain sensors have gained attention owing to their great promising in human motion detection, electronic skin, and soft robotics. However, the effect of bending on the mechanical performance of the sensor altered by the variation of temperature is a key limitation to their potential. Here, the temperature‐dependent bending fatigue of the CNC‐graphene oxide‐Ag nanoparticles (NPs) strain sensor is systematically investigated, in which the sensitivity of the sensor is attenuated to 20% with the decreasing temperature from 30 to −30 °C after bending over 10 000 times. The finite element studies and theoretical calculations indicate that the interfacial crack can be caused by the stiffness mismatch between the Ag NPs and CNC at different temperatures. Under room temperature, the destruction and recombination of the hydrogen bonds network at the interfacial crack can effectively increase the dissipation of energy and hinder the development of cracks with repetitive bending stress. However, under low temperature, such recombination processes are broken by the formation of ice crystals in the CNC/Ag NPs interfacial cracks. The ice crystals accelerate the crack propagation and eventually make the CNC sensor suffer from deterioration.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87591221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a robust and universally applicable polydopamine (PDA) contact‐printing technique is demonstrated on versatile substrates such as glass, polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, copper, and nitrocellulose membrane in a simple and facile manner using a wet elastomeric stamp. Evaporation of the hydration layer on the wet stamp while in contact with substrates substantially increases the patterning efficiency even without placing any weight on the stamp. The hydration layer possibly assists in reducing the mechanical stress caused during the handling of the stamp and enhances the conformal contact between the stamp and the substrate upon drying. The PDA patterning efficiency is approximately fivefold higher compared to using a dry stamp when patterned on polystyrene, and a large‐scale PDA stamping of over 8.5 cm diameter is also achieved. Water contact angle measurements and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirms the successful transfer of PDA onto various surfaces. PDA patterns created on the polystyrene are used to culture endothelial cells to evaluate spatially‐defined cell spreading along the defined geometries. The simple procedure and versatility of the substrates used make the introduced strategy highly suitable for creating large‐scale cell micropatterning platforms and possess great potential for manufacturing antibody‐immobilized lateral flow rapid diagnostic kits, without requiring expensive equipment.
{"title":"Universal Printing Technique of Polydopamine onto Versatile Surfaces for High‐Resolution Cell Patterning Using Wet Elastomeric Stamp","authors":"Woojin Chae, N. Lee","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200404","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a robust and universally applicable polydopamine (PDA) contact‐printing technique is demonstrated on versatile substrates such as glass, polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, copper, and nitrocellulose membrane in a simple and facile manner using a wet elastomeric stamp. Evaporation of the hydration layer on the wet stamp while in contact with substrates substantially increases the patterning efficiency even without placing any weight on the stamp. The hydration layer possibly assists in reducing the mechanical stress caused during the handling of the stamp and enhances the conformal contact between the stamp and the substrate upon drying. The PDA patterning efficiency is approximately fivefold higher compared to using a dry stamp when patterned on polystyrene, and a large‐scale PDA stamping of over 8.5 cm diameter is also achieved. Water contact angle measurements and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses confirms the successful transfer of PDA onto various surfaces. PDA patterns created on the polystyrene are used to culture endothelial cells to evaluate spatially‐defined cell spreading along the defined geometries. The simple procedure and versatility of the substrates used make the introduced strategy highly suitable for creating large‐scale cell micropatterning platforms and possess great potential for manufacturing antibody‐immobilized lateral flow rapid diagnostic kits, without requiring expensive equipment.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85787466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Subramanyan, M. Akshay, Yun‐Sung Lee, V. Aravindan
Spent Li‐ion batteries are efficiently recycled by extracting and reusing the anode active material, graphite, through a simple yet effective and scalable technique as anode for the sodium‐ion battery (SIB). The recovered graphite (RG) half‐cell rendered a capacity of >120 mAh g−1 via the solvent‐co‐intercalation process. An in situ impedance is performed to assess the robustness of the electrolyte for the extended cycling. The performance of RG is evaluated in a full‐cell with carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, which exhibits capacity retention of 78% after 100 cycles. In addition, a temperature dependence performance of the full‐cell is studied from −10 to 40 °C, where it exhibits outstanding low‐temperature performance. The full‐cell provides an energy density of 78 Wh kg−1 at ambient temperature conditions. Recovery of active materials for SIB will drive down the cost/kWh and act as a green technology to dispose of spent Li‐ion batteries.
废旧锂离子电池通过提取和再利用阳极活性材料石墨，通过一种简单而有效和可扩展的技术作为钠离子电池(SIB)的阳极，有效地回收利用。通过溶剂- co -插层工艺，回收的石墨(RG)半电池获得了>120 mAh g - 1的容量。进行了原位阻抗来评估电解液在延长循环中的稳健性。采用碳包覆的Na3V2(PO4)3阴极对RG的性能进行了评价，在100次循环后，RG的容量保持率为78%。此外，在- 10至40°C范围内，研究了全电池的温度依赖性性能，在此范围内，它表现出出色的低温性能。在环境温度条件下，全电池的能量密度为78 Wh kg - 1。SIB活性材料的回收将降低每千瓦时的成本，并作为一种绿色技术处理废旧锂离子电池。
{"title":"Na‐Ion Battery with Graphite Anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode via Solvent‐Co‐Intercalation Process","authors":"K. Subramanyan, M. Akshay, Yun‐Sung Lee, V. Aravindan","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200399","url":null,"abstract":"Spent Li‐ion batteries are efficiently recycled by extracting and reusing the anode active material, graphite, through a simple yet effective and scalable technique as anode for the sodium‐ion battery (SIB). The recovered graphite (RG) half‐cell rendered a capacity of >120 mAh g−1 via the solvent‐co‐intercalation process. An in situ impedance is performed to assess the robustness of the electrolyte for the extended cycling. The performance of RG is evaluated in a full‐cell with carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, which exhibits capacity retention of 78% after 100 cycles. In addition, a temperature dependence performance of the full‐cell is studied from −10 to 40 °C, where it exhibits outstanding low‐temperature performance. The full‐cell provides an energy density of 78 Wh kg−1 at ambient temperature conditions. Recovery of active materials for SIB will drive down the cost/kWh and act as a green technology to dispose of spent Li‐ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80622933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruixuan Zheng, R. Pan, Chilh-Hung Sun, Shuo Du, A. Jin, C. Li, Guangzhou Geng, Changzhi Gu, Junjie Li
Micro/nano origami is a fascinating 3D fabrication technology, showing a strong ability to control structural space degrees of freedom, but which are usually only able to achieve single‐direction origami and hence its controlling spatial orientation is still limited to a certain extent. Here, the bidirectional origami induced by focused ion beam irradiation is proposed to break through the freedom of structural space control and realize challenging 3D micro/nanofabrication. It is found that the FIB‐induced bidirectional deformation mainly relies on both materials and the ion doses, and the deformation degrees can be tuned by ion irradiated doses, which greatly contributes to construct large numbers of diverse 3D structures. Further, the underlying physics of FIB induced origami are discussed by Monte Carlo simulations along with experiments to reveal that the amounts of atoms sputtering determines the initial direction of deformation. This bidirectional origami exhibits unique capabilities in design and fabrication of versatile 3D metasurface devices. With this strategy, a 3D chiral metasurface composed of an array of bidirectional folded split ring resonators is achieved, showing a giant circular dichorism as high as 0.78/0.85 (Experiment/Simulation) in the mid‐infrared region. Such powerful bidirectional origami paves high efficiency approach to broaden 3D micro/nano photonics device.
{"title":"Bidirectional Origami Inspiring Versatile 3D Metasurface","authors":"Ruixuan Zheng, R. Pan, Chilh-Hung Sun, Shuo Du, A. Jin, C. Li, Guangzhou Geng, Changzhi Gu, Junjie Li","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200373","url":null,"abstract":"Micro/nano origami is a fascinating 3D fabrication technology, showing a strong ability to control structural space degrees of freedom, but which are usually only able to achieve single‐direction origami and hence its controlling spatial orientation is still limited to a certain extent. Here, the bidirectional origami induced by focused ion beam irradiation is proposed to break through the freedom of structural space control and realize challenging 3D micro/nanofabrication. It is found that the FIB‐induced bidirectional deformation mainly relies on both materials and the ion doses, and the deformation degrees can be tuned by ion irradiated doses, which greatly contributes to construct large numbers of diverse 3D structures. Further, the underlying physics of FIB induced origami are discussed by Monte Carlo simulations along with experiments to reveal that the amounts of atoms sputtering determines the initial direction of deformation. This bidirectional origami exhibits unique capabilities in design and fabrication of versatile 3D metasurface devices. With this strategy, a 3D chiral metasurface composed of an array of bidirectional folded split ring resonators is achieved, showing a giant circular dichorism as high as 0.78/0.85 (Experiment/Simulation) in the mid‐infrared region. Such powerful bidirectional origami paves high efficiency approach to broaden 3D micro/nano photonics device.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85483780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Eun Lee, T. Park, Seung-Hyeon Mun, Youngdoo Jung, Seokyeong Lee, Jihye Jang, D. Ryu, Cheolmin Park
Soft‐solid photonic crystals (PCs) based on periodically ordered block copolymer (BCP) nanostructures demonstrate stimuli‐adaptive structural colors (SCs) and desirable mechanical properties suitable for reflective‐mode electric‐switching (E‐switching) displays. However, the low electrochemical stability and humidity‐dependent E‐switching performance of hygroscopic ionic salts, often employed for E‐field‐adaptive structural alteration, limit their applications. In this study, a low‐powered capacitive E‐switching BCP SC display with an organohydrogel (OH) humidity controller is proposed, where a bilayer of a BCP and a polymer blend with hygroscopic E‐field‐adaptive ionic salts is sandwiched between Au electrodes. The display reliably exhibits reversible full‐color E‐switching (100 on/off cycles) at operating voltages of +2.5 to −2 V within the ionic salts’ electrochemical window at ≈50% humidity. A patchable and reusable OH serves as a water reservoir (with optimized geometries and dimensions) to improve the display's humidity tolerance, providing a target humidity (≈50%). The proposed display performs at ambient humidity lower than 60% for over 10 days because of the long water retention and mechanical integrity properties of OH. Additionally, the topologically micropatterned BCP PC allows lateral diffusion of ionic salts through the sides of the patterned domain under E‐field, facilitating E‐switching speeds of ≈30 s.
{"title":"Low‐Powered E‐Switching Block Copolymer Structural Color Display with Organohydrogel Humidity Controller","authors":"Chang Eun Lee, T. Park, Seung-Hyeon Mun, Youngdoo Jung, Seokyeong Lee, Jihye Jang, D. Ryu, Cheolmin Park","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200385","url":null,"abstract":"Soft‐solid photonic crystals (PCs) based on periodically ordered block copolymer (BCP) nanostructures demonstrate stimuli‐adaptive structural colors (SCs) and desirable mechanical properties suitable for reflective‐mode electric‐switching (E‐switching) displays. However, the low electrochemical stability and humidity‐dependent E‐switching performance of hygroscopic ionic salts, often employed for E‐field‐adaptive structural alteration, limit their applications. In this study, a low‐powered capacitive E‐switching BCP SC display with an organohydrogel (OH) humidity controller is proposed, where a bilayer of a BCP and a polymer blend with hygroscopic E‐field‐adaptive ionic salts is sandwiched between Au electrodes. The display reliably exhibits reversible full‐color E‐switching (100 on/off cycles) at operating voltages of +2.5 to −2 V within the ionic salts’ electrochemical window at ≈50% humidity. A patchable and reusable OH serves as a water reservoir (with optimized geometries and dimensions) to improve the display's humidity tolerance, providing a target humidity (≈50%). The proposed display performs at ambient humidity lower than 60% for over 10 days because of the long water retention and mechanical integrity properties of OH. Additionally, the topologically micropatterned BCP PC allows lateral diffusion of ionic salts through the sides of the patterned domain under E‐field, facilitating E‐switching speeds of ≈30 s.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91223606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. An, Mingpeng Chen, Bingchen He, Haoqiang Ai, Wei Wang, Zhihong Zhang, Z. Pan, Shi Chen, W. Ip, K. Lo, J. Chai, Shijie Wang, Ming Yang, Shuangpeng Wang, Hui Pan
The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a novel and efficient analytic technique to probe molecules has attracted tremendous attention. Semiconducting substrates have been widely investigated for their applications into SERS because of their easy integration with electronic devices. In this work, a wafer‐scale semiconducting MoS2 monolayer (2H‐MoS2‐ML) without additional treatment is used as the SERS substrate, which shows the naturally formed MoS2 ML has excellent chemical stability, high uniformity, and high sensitivity. It is found that the detection concentration limit can reach 1 × 10−8 m and the enhancement factor is about 4.5 × 106 for the rhodamine 6G (R6G) under a 532 nm excitation laser, which is the highest SERS performance observed on 2H‐MoS2‐ML up to now. The experimental and computational studies reveal that the photo‐enhanced charge transfer coupled with molecule resonance contribute to remarkable SERS. In addition to R6G, 2H‐MoS2‐ML shows good SERS signals on the detection of amaranth and crystal violet too. The findings not only provide an insightful understanding of the mechanism for the improved SERS performance of semiconducting transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) MLs, but are helpful for the design of novel SERS substrates. It is expected that the wafer‐scale TMDs may find practical applications in SERS.
{"title":"Wafer‐Scale 2H‐MoS2 Monolayer for High Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering Performance: Charge‐Transfer Coupled with Molecule Resonance","authors":"K. An, Mingpeng Chen, Bingchen He, Haoqiang Ai, Wei Wang, Zhihong Zhang, Z. Pan, Shi Chen, W. Ip, K. Lo, J. Chai, Shijie Wang, Ming Yang, Shuangpeng Wang, Hui Pan","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200217","url":null,"abstract":"The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a novel and efficient analytic technique to probe molecules has attracted tremendous attention. Semiconducting substrates have been widely investigated for their applications into SERS because of their easy integration with electronic devices. In this work, a wafer‐scale semiconducting MoS2 monolayer (2H‐MoS2‐ML) without additional treatment is used as the SERS substrate, which shows the naturally formed MoS2 ML has excellent chemical stability, high uniformity, and high sensitivity. It is found that the detection concentration limit can reach 1 × 10−8 m and the enhancement factor is about 4.5 × 106 for the rhodamine 6G (R6G) under a 532 nm excitation laser, which is the highest SERS performance observed on 2H‐MoS2‐ML up to now. The experimental and computational studies reveal that the photo‐enhanced charge transfer coupled with molecule resonance contribute to remarkable SERS. In addition to R6G, 2H‐MoS2‐ML shows good SERS signals on the detection of amaranth and crystal violet too. The findings not only provide an insightful understanding of the mechanism for the improved SERS performance of semiconducting transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) MLs, but are helpful for the design of novel SERS substrates. It is expected that the wafer‐scale TMDs may find practical applications in SERS.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74420413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyu Liu, Yi Lei, Xin Zheng, Yi Ren, Xinxin Gao, Jingjing Zhang, T. Cui
A reconfigurable coupler constructed using two spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguides and a spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) resonator to achieve switching between the forward and backward coupling of SSPP waves is proposed. By changing the bias voltage applied to the varactor diodes loaded in the SSPP waveguide, the dispersion of the plasmonic structure is adjusted to achieve a reversed group velocity. Consequently, the direction of the coupled SSPP waves can be dynamically controlled at the same operating frequency. The tunability of this coupler can be further improved by incorporating varactor diodes into the SLSP resonator, where forward–backward coupling can be achieved at multiple frequencies.
{"title":"Reconfigurable Spoof plasmonic Coupler for Dynamic Switching between Forward and Backward Propagations","authors":"Xinyu Liu, Yi Lei, Xin Zheng, Yi Ren, Xinxin Gao, Jingjing Zhang, T. Cui","doi":"10.1002/admt.202200129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202200129","url":null,"abstract":"A reconfigurable coupler constructed using two spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) waveguides and a spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) resonator to achieve switching between the forward and backward coupling of SSPP waves is proposed. By changing the bias voltage applied to the varactor diodes loaded in the SSPP waveguide, the dispersion of the plasmonic structure is adjusted to achieve a reversed group velocity. Consequently, the direction of the coupled SSPP waves can be dynamically controlled at the same operating frequency. The tunability of this coupler can be further improved by incorporating varactor diodes into the SLSP resonator, where forward–backward coupling can be achieved at multiple frequencies.","PeriodicalId":7200,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials & Technologies","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72823495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：