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Reliability Comparison of Routing Protocols for WSNs in Wide Agriculture Scenarios by Means of ?L Index 基于L指数的农业无线传感器网络路由协议可靠性比较
M. Cagnetti, M. Leccisi, F. Leccese
A comparison between the most suitable routing protocols for WSNs applied in wide agriculture scenarios is shown. The protocols, already present in literature, have been conceived to better manage the power budget of the nodes and are particularly suitable to cover the energy issues that wide agriculture scenario can request. This study aims to indicate which of the protocols eligible for this scenario is the most suitable. Comparative simulation test will be shown.
比较了应用于广泛农业场景的wsn最合适的路由协议。这些协议已经出现在文献中,被认为是为了更好地管理节点的功率预算,特别适合于涵盖广泛的农业场景可能要求的能源问题。这项研究的目的是指出哪一个协议符合这种情况是最合适的。将进行对比模拟试验。
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引用次数: 5
Validation of a Low-cost Inertial Exercise Tracker 低成本惯性运动跟踪器的验证
S. Salehi, D. Stricker
This work validates the application of a low-cost inertial tracking suit, for strength exercise monitoring. The procedure includes an offline processing for body-IMU calibration and an online tracking and identification of lower body motion. We proposed an optimal movement pattern for the body-IMU calibration method from our previous work. Here, in order to reproduce real extreme situations, the focus is on the movements with high acceleration. For such movements, an optimal orientation tracking approach is introduced, which requires no accelerometer measurements and it thus minimizes error due to outliers. The online tracking algorithm is based on an extended Kalman filter(EKF), which estimates the position of upper and lower legs, along with hip and knee joint angles. This method applies the estimated values in the calibration process i.e. joint axes and positions, as well as biomechanical constraints of lower body. Therefore it requires no aiding sensors such as magnetometer. The algorithm is evaluated using optical tracker for two types of exercises: squat and hip abd/adduction which resulted average root mean square error(RMSE) of 9cm. Additionally, this work presents a personalized exercise identification approach, where an online template matching algorithm is applied and optimised using zero velocity crossing(ZVC) for feature extraction. This results reducing the execution time to 93% and improving the accuracy up to 33%.
这项工作验证了低成本惯性跟踪服在力量运动监测中的应用。该程序包括身体- imu校准的离线处理和下体运动的在线跟踪和识别。我们从以往的工作中提出了一种适合体- imu校准方法的最佳运动模式。在这里,为了重现真实的极端情况,重点是高加速度的运动。对于这种运动,引入了一种不需要加速度计测量的最优方向跟踪方法,从而使异常值误差最小化。该在线跟踪算法基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF),该算法估计上下腿的位置以及髋关节和膝关节的角度。该方法在标定过程中应用估计值,即关节轴和位置,以及下体的生物力学约束。因此,它不需要辅助传感器,如磁力计。该算法使用光学跟踪器对两种类型的运动进行评估:深蹲和髋关节内收,平均均方根误差(RMSE)为9cm。此外,这项工作提出了一种个性化的运动识别方法,其中应用了在线模板匹配算法,并使用零速度交叉(ZVC)进行特征提取。这样可以将执行时间减少到93%,并将准确率提高到33%。
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引用次数: 2
ICT Technologies, Techniques and Applications to Improve Energy Efficiency in Smart Buildings 提高智能建筑能源效率的ICT技术、技术和应用
C. Benavente-Peces, Nisrine Ibadah
Currently, most of the human activities impact the environment. Worldwide sustainable development is required to preserve a good quality of life. Energy efficiency is one of the most relevant issues that the scientific community and society must face along the next decades. This paper focuses on reviewing and noting the main factors which impact the optimization of electrical energy efficiency in Smart Buildings, including distribution, consumption analysis, strategies and management. Smart grids and smart buildings are playing a key role in the definition of the following generations of cities where the impact of energy consumption on the environment must be reduced as much as possible. Notwithstanding, all the factors impacting the production and distribution must be also taken into consideration by energy production companies and distribution companies as well. Green energies are being introduced in smart cities and buildings, only slower than required, and in general, focusing on the consumption side asking for higher performance monitoring and control techniques, and encouraging to incorporate energy harvesting initiatives to improve the overall efficiency. In this paper, the major target is pointing out all the relevant factors influencing smart building energy efficiency, up to the consumer side and, at the same time, paying attention on distribution and generation issues and, specifically, available communication standards, technologies, techniques, algorithms, which enable high performance systems to optimize energy consumption and occupant comfort.
目前,人类的大部分活动都会对环境产生影响。世界范围内的可持续发展是保持良好生活质量的必要条件。能源效率是科学界和社会在未来几十年必须面对的最相关的问题之一。本文重点回顾并指出了影响智能建筑中电能效率优化的主要因素,包括分配、消耗分析、策略和管理。智能电网和智能建筑在未来几代城市的定义中发挥着关键作用,在这些城市中,必须尽可能减少能源消耗对环境的影响。尽管如此,所有影响生产和分销的因素也必须被能源生产公司和分销公司考虑在内。智能城市和建筑正在引入绿色能源,但速度比要求的要慢,而且总体而言,重点放在消费方面,要求更高的性能监测和控制技术,并鼓励纳入能源收集计划,以提高整体效率。在本文中,主要目标是指出影响智能建筑能效的所有相关因素,直至消费者方面,同时关注分配和发电问题,特别是可用的通信标准,技术,技术,算法,使高性能系统能够优化能耗和居住者舒适度。
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引用次数: 0
Algorithmic State Machine Design for Timely Health Emergency Management in an IoT Environment 物联网环境下健康应急及时管理的算法状态机设计
Fadi T. El-Hassan
In emergency cases related to massive accidents, environme ntal disasters, and war time, health professionals face considerable challenges due to the high number of patie nts who are in need of emergency treatment. Research works attempt to propose effective in-hospital an d pre-hospital smart emergency systems to reduce the mortality rate among the patients who desperately wait t o receive appropriate care. This paper presents a model of a timely prehospital emergency management system that can be implemented as an interface to an Internet of Things (IoT) environment. This work presents the necessary stages for prehospital emergency environments, where many factors may make the timely manage ment of emergency systems very difficult. The proposed model is based on an Algorithmic State Machine ( ASM) that can be implemented in either hardware or software, providing an embedded system interfa c for IoT. Moreover, this paper provides a timing analysis for either a single emergency event or multiple sim ultaneous emergency events. Embedded systems’ developers can use the proposed model to produce an appropri ate ehospital smart emergency solution.
在与重大事故、环境灾害和战争时期有关的紧急情况下,由于需要紧急治疗的患者数量众多,保健专业人员面临着相当大的挑战。研究工作试图提出有效的院内和院前智能应急系统,以降低那些绝望地等待适当护理的患者的死亡率。本文提出了一种及时的院前应急管理系统模型,该系统可以作为物联网(IoT)环境的接口来实现。这项工作提出了院前急救环境的必要阶段,其中许多因素可能使急救系统的及时管理非常困难。提出的模型基于算法状态机(ASM),可以在硬件或软件中实现,为物联网提供嵌入式系统接口。此外,本文还对单个紧急事件和多个同时发生的紧急事件进行了时序分析。嵌入式系统的开发人员可以使用提出的模型来生产合适的电子医院智能应急解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Response of a SAW Sensor Array based on Nanoparticles for Measuring Ammonia in the Environment 基于纳米颗粒的声表面波传感器阵列对环境氨测量的响应
D. Matatagui, I. Gràcia, M. C. Horrillo
Four surface acoustic waves (SAW) sensors based on sensitive layers of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, pure and combined with noble metals nanoparticles, composed an array sensor to measure ammonia in the environment. The sensor array was tested with nanostructured sensitive layers, which detected the changes of the elastic properties induced by ammonia interaction. The sensor with pure Fe2O3 nanoparticles exposed to 50 ppm of ammonia showed no significant effect, however the sensors with Fe2O3 nanoparticles combined with Au, Pt and Pd nanoparticles responded to these concentrations of this gas, which is so dangerous for the environment and the health, with a high sensitivity.
基于Fe2O3纳米粒子敏感层的4个表面声波传感器(SAW)组成了一个阵列传感器,用于测量环境中的氨。利用纳米结构的敏感层对传感器阵列进行测试,检测氨相互作用引起的弹性性能变化。在氨气浓度为50 ppm时,单纯Fe2O3纳米粒子对传感器的影响不显著,而与Au、Pt、Pd纳米粒子结合的Fe2O3纳米粒子传感器对环境和健康危害较大的氨气浓度有较高的灵敏度。
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引用次数: 1
MultiSense: A Highly Reliable Wearable-free Human Fall Detection Systems MultiSense:一种高度可靠的可穿戴式人体跌倒检测系统
Avishek Mukherjee, Zhenghao Zhang
A reliable fall detection system has tremendous value to the well-being of seniors living alone. We design and implement MultiSense, a novel fall detection system, which has the following desirable features. First, it does not require the human to wear any device, therefore it is convenient to seniors. Second, it has been tested in typical settings including living room and bathroom, and has shown very good accuracy. Third, it is built with inexpensive components, with expected hardware cost around $150 to cover a typical room. Therefore, it has a key advantage over the current commercial fall detection systems which all require the human to wear some device, as well as over academic research prototypes which have various limitations such as lower accuracy. The high accuracy is achieved mainly by combining senses from multiple types of sensors that complement each other, which includes a motion sensor, a heat sensor, and a floor vibration sensor. As the activities that are difficult to classify for some sensors are often not difficult for others, combining the strength of multiple types of sensors brings the performance to a level that can meet the requirements in practice.
一个可靠的跌倒检测系统对独居老人的健康有着巨大的价值。我们设计并实现了一种新颖的跌倒检测系统MultiSense,该系统具有以下特点:首先,它不需要人类佩戴任何设备,因此方便老年人。其次,它已经在包括客厅和浴室在内的典型环境中进行了测试,并且显示出非常好的准确性。第三,它是用便宜的部件建造的,一个典型房间的硬件成本预计在150美元左右。因此,它比目前的商业跌倒检测系统有一个关键的优势,这些系统都需要人类佩戴一些设备,也比学术研究原型有各种限制,如准确性较低。高精度主要是通过结合多种类型的传感器来实现的,这些传感器相互补充,包括运动传感器、热传感器和地板振动传感器。由于某些传感器难以分类的活动对其他传感器来说往往不难,因此将多种类型传感器的强度结合起来,使性能达到可以满足实践要求的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of Honeybee Infestation by Varroa Destructor using Gas Sensor Array 气体传感器阵列灭蟑器对蜜蜂侵害的分类
A. Szczurek, M. Maciejewska, B. Bak, Jakub Wilk, J. Wilde, M. Siuda
Infestation of bee colony with Varroa destructor proceeds exponentially. It is important to detect the disease at its very early stage. However, the distinction of later infestation stages is also practical. We proposed to apply gas sensor array measurements of beehive air as the source of information which may be useful for this kind of assessment. Honeybee infestation was classified into three categories: ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’, two categories: ‘low’ and ‘medium to high’, and another two categories: ‘high’ and ‘medium to low’. Responses of gas sensor array to beehive air were used as the input data of the classifier, which was trained to distinguish the categories. The results of the analysis demonstrated that category ‘low’ was determined most effectively, with an error rate of about 10%. Category ‘high’ was most difficult to determine. In this case the lowest error rate was about 20%. Based on our analysis, the approach based on binary classification was favoured and SVM outperformed ensemble of classification trees. It was found, that first several minutes of gas sensors exposure to beehive air were sufficient to attain effective classification. The presented method of varroosis determination, based on beehive air sensing with gas sensors is innovative and has high potential of application in beekeeping.
破坏瓦螨对蜂群的侵扰呈指数增长。在早期发现这种疾病是很重要的。然而,后期侵染阶段的区分也是实用的。我们建议将蜂窝空气的气体传感器阵列测量作为信息来源,这可能对这类评估有用。蜜蜂侵扰分为“低”、“中”和“高”三类,“低”和“中到高”两类,另外两类:“高”和“中到低”。将气体传感器阵列对蜂窝空气的响应作为分类器的输入数据,对分类器进行分类训练。分析结果表明,“低”类别的确定最有效,错误率约为10%。“高”类别最难确定。在这种情况下,最低错误率约为20%。基于我们的分析,基于二值分类的方法更受青睐,支持向量机优于分类树集合。研究发现,气体传感器暴露于蜂巢空气的最初几分钟足以获得有效的分类。本文提出的基于蜂箱空气传感和气体传感器的静脉曲张检测方法具有创新性,在养蜂业中具有很大的应用潜力。
{"title":"Classification of Honeybee Infestation by Varroa Destructor using Gas Sensor Array","authors":"A. Szczurek, M. Maciejewska, B. Bak, Jakub Wilk, J. Wilde, M. Siuda","doi":"10.5220/0009171100610068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0009171100610068","url":null,"abstract":"Infestation of bee colony with Varroa destructor proceeds exponentially. It is important to detect the disease at its very early stage. However, the distinction of later infestation stages is also practical. We proposed to apply gas sensor array measurements of beehive air as the source of information which may be useful for this kind of assessment. Honeybee infestation was classified into three categories: ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’, two categories: ‘low’ and ‘medium to high’, and another two categories: ‘high’ and ‘medium to low’. Responses of gas sensor array to beehive air were used as the input data of the classifier, which was trained to distinguish the categories. The results of the analysis demonstrated that category ‘low’ was determined most effectively, with an error rate of about 10%. Category ‘high’ was most difficult to determine. In this case the lowest error rate was about 20%. Based on our analysis, the approach based on binary classification was favoured and SVM outperformed ensemble of classification trees. It was found, that first several minutes of gas sensors exposure to beehive air were sufficient to attain effective classification. The presented method of varroosis determination, based on beehive air sensing with gas sensors is innovative and has high potential of application in beekeeping.","PeriodicalId":72028,"journal":{"name":"... International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks. International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90738666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deviation Prediction and Correction on Low-Cost Atmospheric Pressure Sensors using a Machine-Learning Algorithm 基于机器学习算法的低成本大气压力传感器偏差预测与校正
T. Araújo, L. Silva, A. Moreira
: Atmospheric pressure sensors are important devices for several applications, including environment monitoring and indoor positioning tracking systems. This paper proposes a method to enhance the quality of data obtained from low-cost atmospheric pressure sensors using a machine learning algorithm to predict the error behaviour. By using the extremely Randomized Trees algorithm, a model was trained with a reference sensor data for temperature and humidity and with all low-cost sensor datasets that were co-located into an artificial climatic chamber that simulated different climatic situations. Fifteen low-cost environmental sensor units, composed by five different models, were considered. They measure – together – temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. In the evaluation, three categories of output metrics were considered: raw; trained by the independent sensor data; and trained by the low-cost sensor data. The model trained by the reference sensor was able to reduce the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between atmospheric pressure sensor pairs by up to 67%, while the same ensemble trained with all low-cost data was able to reduce the MAE by up to 98%. These results suggest that low-cost environmental sensors can be a good asset if their data are properly processed.
大气压传感器是许多应用的重要设备,包括环境监测和室内定位跟踪系统。本文提出了一种利用机器学习算法预测误差行为的方法来提高从低成本大气压力传感器获得的数据质量。通过使用极端随机树算法,使用温度和湿度的参考传感器数据和所有低成本传感器数据集训练模型,这些数据集位于模拟不同气候情况的人工气候室中。考虑了由五种不同模型组成的15个低成本环境传感器单元。它们一起测量温度、相对湿度和大气压力。在评估中,考虑了三类输出指标:原始;由独立传感器数据训练;通过低成本的传感器数据进行训练。由参考传感器训练的模型能够将大气压力传感器对之间的平均绝对误差(MAE)降低67%,而使用所有低成本数据训练的相同集合能够将MAE降低高达98%。这些结果表明,如果数据处理得当,低成本的环境传感器可以成为一项很好的资产。
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引用次数: 1
Enhancing Vibroarthrography by using Sensor Fusion 利用传感器融合增强关节振动成像
Dimitri Kraft, R. Bader, G. Bieber
Natural and artificial joints of a human body are emitting vibration and sound during the movement. The sound and vibration pattern of a joint is characteristic and changes due to damage, uneven tread wear, injuries, or other influences. Hence, the vibration and sound analysis enables an estimation of the joint condition. This kind of analysis, vibroarthrography (VAG), allows the analysis of diseases like arthritis or osteoporosis and might determine trauma, inflammation, or misalignment. The classification of the vibration and sound data is very challenging and needs a comprehensive annotated data base. Current existing data bases are very limited and insufficient for deep learning or artificial intelligent approaches. In this paper, we describe a new concept of the design of a vibroarthrography system using a sensor network. We discuss the possible improvements and we give an outlook for the future work and application fields of VAG.
人体的自然关节和人工关节在运动过程中都会发出振动和声音。关节的声音和振动模式是有特征的,并且由于损坏、胎面磨损不均匀、损伤或其他影响而发生变化。因此,振动和声音分析可以估计关节的状态。这种分析,即振动关节造影(VAG),可以分析关节炎或骨质疏松症等疾病,并可能确定创伤、炎症或错位。振动和声音数据的分类非常具有挑战性,需要一个全面的注释数据库。目前现有的数据库非常有限,不足以用于深度学习或人工智能方法。在本文中,我们描述了一种利用传感器网络设计振动关节成像系统的新概念。讨论了可能的改进,并对未来的工作和应用领域进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
SALATA: A Web Application for Visualizing Sensor Information in Farm Fields SALATA:用于可视化农田传感器信息的Web应用程序
Nao Akayama, Daisaku Arita, Atsushi Shimada, R. Taniguchi
: Semi-automated sensing and visualization of conditions and activities in farm fields have been actively pursued in recent years. There are three types of agricultural information: sensor information, farm work information, and plant biological information. Measuring and visualizing these agricultural information can provide valuable support to farm managers. In this study, we focus on sensor information and farm work information and develop a web application named SALATA (Sharing and AccumuLating Agricultural TAcit knowledge) that collects and shares sensor information and farm work information collected in farm fields and correlates the information in time series. SALATA need to have intuitive operation and quick response in order that people of various ages will use it on a daily basis. Therefore, there are two primary pages: the main page for visualizing simple information quickly and the analytical page for visualizing multiple pieces of information on one page. Usability evaluation experiments are performed, showing that SALATA can be operated intuitively and respond quickly.
近年来,农业领域条件和活动的半自动化传感和可视化得到了积极的发展。农业信息有三种类型:传感器信息、农业工作信息和植物生物信息。测量和可视化这些农业信息可以为农场管理者提供有价值的支持。在本研究中,我们以传感器信息和农活信息为研究对象,开发了一个名为SALATA (Sharing and accumulation Agricultural TAcit knowledge)的web应用程序,用于收集和共享田间采集的传感器信息和农活信息,并将信息进行时间序列关联。SALATA需要有直观的操作和快速的反应,以便不同年龄的人每天都能使用它。因此,有两个主要页面:用于快速可视化简单信息的主页和用于在一个页面上可视化多个信息的分析页面。进行了可用性评估实验,结果表明SALATA操作直观,响应速度快。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
... International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks. International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks
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