Pub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100212
Y. H. Dang, Elise Dauzat, Asif Istiak, Kevin Jackson, Victoria Songe, Luke West, Md Imrul Kayes, Md Saiful Islam, Tanvir R. Faisal
3D bioprinting has emerged as a transformative technology in biomedical engineering, enabling the fabrication of functional tissues through the precise deposition of cell-laden biomaterials. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is constrained by the prohibitive costs of commercial bioprinting systems. We present a cost-effective solution through the conversion of an open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer into a direct ink write bioprinter by integrating a peristaltic pump-based extrusion system. The modified dual-extruder system demonstrates successful deposition of hydrogel-based bioinks across varying viscosities, producing well-defined scaffold architectures. The printer's open-source control architecture facilitates retraction capabilities, high-speed movements, and customizable printing parameters, enhancing operational flexibility. This development represents a significant step toward democratizing low-cost bioprinting technology, making it accessible to academic institutions and research facilities with limited resources.
{"title":"Conversion of an FDM printer to direct ink write 3D bioprinter utilizing an efficient and cost-effective extrusion system","authors":"Y. H. Dang, Elise Dauzat, Asif Istiak, Kevin Jackson, Victoria Songe, Luke West, Md Imrul Kayes, Md Saiful Islam, Tanvir R. Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D bioprinting has emerged as a transformative technology in biomedical engineering, enabling the fabrication of functional tissues through the precise deposition of cell-laden biomaterials. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is constrained by the prohibitive costs of commercial bioprinting systems. We present a cost-effective solution through the conversion of an open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer into a direct ink write bioprinter by integrating a peristaltic pump-based extrusion system. The modified dual-extruder system demonstrates successful deposition of hydrogel-based bioinks across varying viscosities, producing well-defined scaffold architectures. The printer's open-source control architecture facilitates retraction capabilities, high-speed movements, and customizable printing parameters, enhancing operational flexibility. This development represents a significant step toward democratizing low-cost bioprinting technology, making it accessible to academic institutions and research facilities with limited resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3DP has emerged as an innovative technology in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and food. Notably, food waste is a useful resource for 3DP in drug delivery applications, helping to meet sustainability goals by recycling agricultural by-products. This concept is consistent with the circular economy since it uses elements from food waste, such as cellulose and lignin, to make bio-inks that may be used to fabricate customised drug delivery systems.
Aim
The study investigates the use of food waste-derived biopolymers for developing 3D-printed drug delivery systems, addressing both medical and environmental problems.
Discussion
Utilising food waste in 3DP drug delivery systems offers several advantages, including cost savings and reduced environmental effects. Biopolymers made from rice husk, soy protein, and eggshells improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility of pharmaceutical delivery systems. Furthermore, these food-derived biopolymers have intriguing properties such as regulated drug release and compatibility with patient-specific applications. However, there are issues in guaranteeing material consistency and stability, particularly in long-term drug release applications. Copolymerization and mixing with other biocompatible materials have the potential to improve mechanical stability and longevity, both of which are required for efficient drug administration.
Conclusion
Food waste-derived 3D-printed medicine delivery devices are an innovative and sustainable approach to healthcare, but further study is needed to increase scalability and consistency for broad utilization in clinical settings.
{"title":"3D-printed drug delivery system from food waste: A sustainable approach for the development of novel drug delivery systems","authors":"Sejal Porwal , Rishabha Malviya , Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar , Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan Meenakshi , Tarun Wadhwa , Javedh Shareef , Musarrat Husain Warsi","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>3DP has emerged as an innovative technology in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and food. Notably, food waste is a useful resource for 3DP in drug delivery applications, helping to meet sustainability goals by recycling agricultural by-products. This concept is consistent with the circular economy since it uses elements from food waste, such as cellulose and lignin, to make bio-inks that may be used to fabricate customised drug delivery systems.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The study investigates the use of food waste-derived biopolymers for developing 3D-printed drug delivery systems, addressing both medical and environmental problems.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Utilising food waste in 3DP drug delivery systems offers several advantages, including cost savings and reduced environmental effects. Biopolymers made from rice husk, soy protein, and eggshells improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility of pharmaceutical delivery systems. Furthermore, these food-derived biopolymers have intriguing properties such as regulated drug release and compatibility with patient-specific applications. However, there are issues in guaranteeing material consistency and stability, particularly in long-term drug release applications. Copolymerization and mixing with other biocompatible materials have the potential to improve mechanical stability and longevity, both of which are required for efficient drug administration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Food waste-derived 3D-printed medicine delivery devices are an innovative and sustainable approach to healthcare, but further study is needed to increase scalability and consistency for broad utilization in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100204
Vera Lagerburg , Anne Vrancken , Sietske Bergsma , Janita Dekker , Wouter Diemer , Judith Waldner-Troost , Maaike Koenrades
Introduction
For quality management of in-hospital 3D printing, it is essential to have detailed knowledge on the accuracy and reproducibility of the 3D printing process. In this study, the influence of several printing and post-processing parameters on dimensional accuracy and resolution were evaluated in three different hospitals to provide a reference for printer performance for medical applications.
Methods
A custom phantom was designed comprising features to assess accuracy and resolution of the Form 3B printer (Formlabs, Somerville, MA, USA). Specific features common for surgical guides were included, such as slits, flanges, and cylinders. The phantoms were 3D printed using a medical grade resin (Formlabs Biomed Clear resin) and evaluated after postprocessing and sterilization. Dimensional accuracy was defined as the deviation between the actual measurement and the known feature dimension and evaluated in x-, y- and z-direction. Resolution was defined as the smallest complete feature.
Results
The accuracy of the prints in the x-direction varied between -0.1 mm and 0.1 mm, in the y-direction between -0.25 mm and 0.4 mm and in the z-direction between -0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. The influence of sterilization on the accuracy was negligible. The smallest slit that was always open when printing in the x-direction was 0.3 mm and in the y-direction 0.4 mm.
Conclusion
This study provides hospitals with a reference for the printing accuracy and resolution for a medical grade resin. The phantom designed can be used in every hospital to determine their own printing accuracy and tolerances thereby optimizing product design for the intended clinical application.
对于医院内3D打印的质量管理，对3D打印过程的准确性和可重复性有详细的了解是必不可少的。本研究通过对三家不同医院的打印和后处理参数对尺寸精度和分辨率的影响进行评估，为医疗应用中的打印机性能提供参考。方法设计一个定制模型，包括评估Form 3B打印机的精度和分辨率的特征（Formlabs, Somerville， MA， USA）。包括手术指南常见的特定特征，如狭缝、法兰和圆柱体。这些模型使用医用级树脂（Formlabs Biomed Clear树脂）进行3D打印，并在后处理和灭菌后进行评估。尺寸精度定义为实际测量值与已知特征尺寸之间的偏差，并在x， y和z方向上进行评估。分辨率被定义为最小的完整特征。结果x -0.1 mm ~ 0.1 mm、y -0.25 mm ~ 0.4 mm、z -0.2 mm ~ 0.4 mm之间的指纹图谱精度均有显著差异。灭菌对准确性的影响可以忽略不计。x方向和y方向的最小开缝分别为0.3 mm和0.4 mm。结论为医用级树脂的打印精度和分辨率提供了参考。所设计的模体可用于各医院，以确定各自的打印精度和公差，从而优化产品设计，以达到预期的临床应用。
{"title":"Dimensional accuracy and resolution assessment of the formlabs form 3B 3D printer for medical applications","authors":"Vera Lagerburg , Anne Vrancken , Sietske Bergsma , Janita Dekker , Wouter Diemer , Judith Waldner-Troost , Maaike Koenrades","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>For quality management of in-hospital 3D printing, it is essential to have detailed knowledge on the accuracy and reproducibility of the 3D printing process. In this study, the influence of several printing and post-processing parameters on dimensional accuracy and resolution were evaluated in three different hospitals to provide a reference for printer performance for medical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A custom phantom was designed comprising features to assess accuracy and resolution of the Form 3B printer (Formlabs, Somerville, MA, USA). Specific features common for surgical guides were included, such as slits, flanges, and cylinders. The phantoms were 3D printed using a medical grade resin (Formlabs Biomed Clear resin) and evaluated after postprocessing and sterilization. Dimensional accuracy was defined as the deviation between the actual measurement and the known feature dimension and evaluated in x-, y- and z-direction. Resolution was defined as the smallest complete feature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The accuracy of the prints in the x-direction varied between -0.1 mm and 0.1 mm, in the y-direction between -0.25 mm and 0.4 mm and in the z-direction between -0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. The influence of sterilization on the accuracy was negligible. The smallest slit that was always open when printing in the x-direction was 0.3 mm and in the y-direction 0.4 mm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides hospitals with a reference for the printing accuracy and resolution for a medical grade resin. The phantom designed can be used in every hospital to determine their own printing accuracy and tolerances thereby optimizing product design for the intended clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-10DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100205
Una M. Cronin , EmmaJude Lyons , Aidan O’ Sullivan , Niamh M. Cummins , Leonard O’Sullivan
Purpose
Adopting 3D printing technology in healthcare is variable across clinical settings and has considerable geographical differences. To advance the application of 3D printing in healthcare it is necessary to research factors inhibiting its adoption, notably in areas of low uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes toward 3D printing in Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) with low experience of the technology and to assess the effectiveness of a Short Educational Video (SEV) on these perceptions in the context of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
Design/Methodology/Approach
This was a pre-post intervention study in a convenience sample of HCPs. A 5-minute video was developed to introduce and inform HCPs regarding 3D printing in healthcare. Participants (n = 52) completed an online survey grounded on the TAM before and after watching the video. Wilcoxon signed rank t-tests were used to analyse pre- and post-video scores. Perceptions post-intervention increased significantly for the TAM dimensions perceived usefulness (p < 0.05), perceived ease of use (p < 0.001), attitude toward use (p < 0.001) and behavioural intention to use (p < 0.001).
Findings
This study demonstrated that a brief introduction to the technology increased perceptual factors which may be related to the initial phase of adoption of such technology. An inference from the findings is that for HCPs with low previous experience of 3D printing, this may be a suitable model to provide education on the technology and potentially increase the adoption of 3D printing in the clinical setting. Increased perception is expected to contribute to increased likelihood of eventual adoption in healthcare.
Originality/value
This study addresses a literature gap in adopting 3D printing within healthcare. The study demonstrated that even brief educational interventions can substantially shift perceptions among HCPs. This suggests that the SEV is a scalable and cost-effective strategy to initially promote the adoption of 3D printing within healthcare.
{"title":"Healthcare professionals’ initial attitudes towards 3D printing and effects of a short educational briefing: A pre-post pilot study utilising the technology acceptance model","authors":"Una M. Cronin , EmmaJude Lyons , Aidan O’ Sullivan , Niamh M. Cummins , Leonard O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Adopting 3D printing technology in healthcare is variable across clinical settings and has considerable geographical differences. To advance the application of 3D printing in healthcare it is necessary to research factors inhibiting its adoption, notably in areas of low uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes toward 3D printing in Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) with low experience of the technology and to assess the effectiveness of a Short Educational Video (SEV) on these perceptions in the context of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).</div></div><div><h3>Design/Methodology/Approach</h3><div>This was a pre-post intervention study in a convenience sample of HCPs. A 5-minute video was developed to introduce and inform HCPs regarding 3D printing in healthcare. Participants (<em>n</em> = 52) completed an online survey grounded on the TAM before and after watching the video. Wilcoxon signed rank <em>t</em>-tests were used to analyse pre- and post-video scores. Perceptions post-intervention increased significantly for the TAM dimensions perceived usefulness (<em>p</em> < 0.05), perceived ease of use (<em>p</em> < 0.001), attitude toward use (<em>p</em> < 0.001) and behavioural intention to use (<em>p</em> < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>This study demonstrated that a brief introduction to the technology increased perceptual factors which may be related to the initial phase of adoption of such technology. An inference from the findings is that for HCPs with low previous experience of 3D printing, this may be a suitable model to provide education on the technology and potentially increase the adoption of 3D printing in the clinical setting. Increased perception is expected to contribute to increased likelihood of eventual adoption in healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Originality/value</h3><div>This study addresses a literature gap in adopting 3D printing within healthcare. The study demonstrated that even brief educational interventions can substantially shift perceptions among HCPs. This suggests that the SEV is a scalable and cost-effective strategy to initially promote the adoption of 3D printing within healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100203
Henrique Luis Piva , Mariana Santos de Queiroz , Flavia Sayuri Matsuo , Hiago Salge Borges , Mariana Kiomy Osako , Antonio Claudio Tedesco
Diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, pose a significant challenge for treatment due to impaired healing and susceptibility to complications. The complex pathophysiology of wounds involves dysregulated cellular and molecular processes. Advanced therapeutic strategies are needed to address the different stages of wound healing. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been shown to enhance epidermal re-epithelialization, mobilize cellular participants in wound repair, and improve different stages of wound healing. In this work curcumin-chitosan nanoparticles have been prepared and characterized, and incorporated in collagen with stem cells and were implanted into normal and diabetic mice with induced wounds and their effects on wound healing were evaluated over 14 days. Animals treated with StemCurCol scaffolds presented faster closure rates and enhanced re-epithelialization than the controls, and the cells contributed to regeneration by forming new tissues, and rapidly closing wounds.
{"title":"StemCurCol – 3D printed scaffold for diabetic wound regeneration","authors":"Henrique Luis Piva , Mariana Santos de Queiroz , Flavia Sayuri Matsuo , Hiago Salge Borges , Mariana Kiomy Osako , Antonio Claudio Tedesco","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, pose a significant challenge for treatment due to impaired healing and susceptibility to complications. The complex pathophysiology of wounds involves dysregulated cellular and molecular processes. Advanced therapeutic strategies are needed to address the different stages of wound healing. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been shown to enhance epidermal re-epithelialization, mobilize cellular participants in wound repair, and improve different stages of wound healing. In this work curcumin-chitosan nanoparticles have been prepared and characterized, and incorporated in collagen with stem cells and were implanted into normal and diabetic mice with induced wounds and their effects on wound healing were evaluated over 14 days. Animals treated with StemCurCol scaffolds presented faster closure rates and enhanced re-epithelialization than the controls, and the cells contributed to regeneration by forming new tissues, and rapidly closing wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100201
Dat Minh Lu , Phong Van Dong , Hien Bui Thu Hoang , Dang Ngoc Tran , Khiem Tran Dang , Linh Thanh Duy Tran , An Le Pham
3D printing for biomedical education in universities remains largely inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to the high cost of commercial material jetting and powder bed fusion 3D printers. To address this barrier, we have developed an affordable multicolor fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer capable of producing biomedical models with intricate geometries. The key innovation of our printer is the novel integration of two distinct hybrid printhead configurations to enable simultaneous multicolor printing and water-soluble support material deposition. Positioned along the same X-axis, the first printhead employs a filament cutting, retracting, and purging mechanism to print in seven colors, while the second printhead is dedicated to printing water-soluble support material. The printer utilizes a hybrid CoreXY kinematic system and offers a 30 × 30 × 30 cm print volume. Its operations are controlled by two MKS Monster8 V2.0 boards and an MKS Pi V1.1 running Klipper firmware, with Orca Slicer software converting 3D model data into printer-readable instructions. Our printer successfully operated for up to 45 h, producing four detailed heart models (18 × 15 × 10 cm) and a multicolor DNA polymerase model from online databases and CT scan images. Support structures were removed by immersing the prints in warm water for 24 h, ensuring precise structural integrity for complex models. By combining multicolor printing with water-soluble support material, our cost-effective, frugal innovation allows the fabrication of intricate, vibrant biomedical models, making 3D printing more feasible for biomedical education and research in LMICs.
{"title":"Affordable multicolor 3D printing solution for biomedical education in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Dat Minh Lu , Phong Van Dong , Hien Bui Thu Hoang , Dang Ngoc Tran , Khiem Tran Dang , Linh Thanh Duy Tran , An Le Pham","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D printing for biomedical education in universities remains largely inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to the high cost of commercial material jetting and powder bed fusion 3D printers. To address this barrier, we have developed an affordable multicolor fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer capable of producing biomedical models with intricate geometries. The key innovation of our printer is the novel integration of two distinct hybrid printhead configurations to enable simultaneous multicolor printing and water-soluble support material deposition. Positioned along the same X-axis, the first printhead employs a filament cutting, retracting, and purging mechanism to print in seven colors, while the second printhead is dedicated to printing water-soluble support material. The printer utilizes a hybrid CoreXY kinematic system and offers a 30 × 30 × 30 cm print volume. Its operations are controlled by two MKS Monster8 V2.0 boards and an MKS Pi V1.1 running Klipper firmware, with Orca Slicer software converting 3D model data into printer-readable instructions. Our printer successfully operated for up to 45 h, producing four detailed heart models (18 × 15 × 10 cm) and a multicolor DNA polymerase model from online databases and CT scan images. Support structures were removed by immersing the prints in warm water for 24 h, ensuring precise structural integrity for complex models. By combining multicolor printing with water-soluble support material, our cost-effective, frugal innovation allows the fabrication of intricate, vibrant biomedical models, making 3D printing more feasible for biomedical education and research in LMICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is a 3D printing technique that uses powdered materials, fused through various ignition sources, to create complex structures. Over time, PBF has evolved into several methods, including selective laser sintering/melting, direct metal laser sintering, electron beam melting, and multi-jet fusion. These advancements offer benefits such as improved resolution, faster printing speeds, and the ability to produce intricate designs without the need for additional support structures. This review examines the distinct roles and potential applications of PBF in pharmacology and biomedicine, focusing on the mechanisms behind the technology and its impact on personalized drug-loaded formulations, medical devices, and implants. PBF's versatility makes it ideal for biomedical applications, where precision and customization are essential. Its high resolution and speed enable the fabrication of detailed, individualized items, driving advancements in drug delivery and implant design. However, challenges remain, such as material constraints and the requirement for specific environmental conditions, which can influence product quality. This review emphasizes the innovative applications of PBF in pharmacology and biology and highlights its transformative potential in personalized medicine. By overcoming current limitations, PBF technology could further contribute to the development of advanced biomedicine and personalized treatment solutions.
{"title":"Powder bed fusion 3D printing for drug delivery and healthcare applications","authors":"Suraj Kumar , Rishabha Malviya , Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar , Tarun Wadhwa , Umme Hani , Sirajunisa Talath , Musarrat Husain Warsi","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is a 3D printing technique that uses powdered materials, fused through various ignition sources, to create complex structures. Over time, PBF has evolved into several methods, including selective laser sintering/melting, direct metal laser sintering, electron beam melting, and multi-jet fusion. These advancements offer benefits such as improved resolution, faster printing speeds, and the ability to produce intricate designs without the need for additional support structures. This review examines the distinct roles and potential applications of PBF in pharmacology and biomedicine, focusing on the mechanisms behind the technology and its impact on personalized drug-loaded formulations, medical devices, and implants. PBF's versatility makes it ideal for biomedical applications, where precision and customization are essential. Its high resolution and speed enable the fabrication of detailed, individualized items, driving advancements in drug delivery and implant design. However, challenges remain, such as material constraints and the requirement for specific environmental conditions, which can influence product quality. This review emphasizes the innovative applications of PBF in pharmacology and biology and highlights its transformative potential in personalized medicine. By overcoming current limitations, PBF technology could further contribute to the development of advanced biomedicine and personalized treatment solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100198
Mohammad Amir Qureshi , Basree , Raqeeba Aziz , Yasser Azim , Musheer Ahmad
Bio-printing; It is a technique to make bio-structure, has been steadily increasing the impact on society and it is transforming the science of biomaterials. It allows the direct production of customized products from biomaterials. This article is based on hydrogels for bioprinting. So, this article included a detailed discussion on different methods of bioprinting. Different characteristics of hydrogels for 3D bioprinting also discussed. Explanation regarding different types of crosslinking for the preparation of hydrogels is also featured. This review is also contains information regarding the use of different types of bio-polymeric and non-bio-polymeric hydrogels for 3D bioprinting. To last, this review has also discussed drawbacks of 3D bioprinting, transformation of 3D bioprinting to 4D bioprinting, expected steps in 4D bioprinting, and to last advantages of 4D bioprinting. This work will provide ample base for future work as it has the latest and ongoing information which researchers could use in tissue engineering and bioprinting domain.
{"title":"Polymeric hydrogels for bioprinting: A comprehensive review","authors":"Mohammad Amir Qureshi , Basree , Raqeeba Aziz , Yasser Azim , Musheer Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-printing; It is a technique to make bio-structure, has been steadily increasing the impact on society and it is transforming the science of biomaterials. It allows the direct production of customized products from biomaterials. This article is based on hydrogels for bioprinting. So, this article included a detailed discussion on different methods of bioprinting. Different characteristics of hydrogels for 3D bioprinting also discussed. Explanation regarding different types of crosslinking for the preparation of hydrogels is also featured. This review is also contains information regarding the use of different types of bio-polymeric and non-bio-polymeric hydrogels for 3D bioprinting. To last, this review has also discussed drawbacks of 3D bioprinting, transformation of 3D bioprinting to 4D bioprinting, expected steps in 4D bioprinting, and to last advantages of 4D bioprinting. This work will provide ample base for future work as it has the latest and ongoing information which researchers could use in tissue engineering and bioprinting domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to develop a fully digital workflow for the fabrication of customized mandibular advancement devices (MAD). MADs are used to treat obstructive sleep apnea and typically require 8–10 days to fabricate as per the patient's specifications. The currently designed digital methodology considerably shortens this timescale to 2–3 days, providing a viable alternative to traditional methods. The process integrates digital intraoral scanning, computer-aided modeling, and additive manufacturing using DD guide material through digital light processing technology. Along with the integration, the workflow also optimizes scanning accuracy, printing orientation, precision, and usability. The precision of fabrication was examined by scanning the fabricated part with the stereolithography file. The root mean square value of 0.0287 mm indicates that the fabricated device is within the clinical accuracy and thus can be used for mandibular advancement. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that printing orientations of 0° and 45° deliver higher precision and surface quality, with the 45° proving to be most cost-effective for grinding and post-processing. The post-processing greatly reduced the surface roughness thereby increasing the comfortability and hygiene. The durability of the fabricated MADs was proved through the unaffected mechanical properties even after washing >1000 times (equivalent to 3 years). Contributing to the wider adoption of digital procedures in dental clinics and coinciding with current market trends toward patient-specific solutions, this study highlights the viability of an efficient, adaptable, and hygienic digital workflow for MADs.
{"title":"Development of a fully digital design process for customized mandibular advancement and its precision additive manufacturing","authors":"Chinmai Bhat , Yulius Shan Romario , I-Ching Chou , Wan-Rong Jiang , Yu-Yan Wu , Maziar Ramezani , Cho-Pei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a fully digital workflow for the fabrication of customized mandibular advancement devices (MAD). MADs are used to treat obstructive sleep apnea and typically require 8–10 days to fabricate as per the patient's specifications. The currently designed digital methodology considerably shortens this timescale to 2–3 days, providing a viable alternative to traditional methods. The process integrates digital intraoral scanning, computer-aided modeling, and additive manufacturing using DD guide material through digital light processing technology. Along with the integration, the workflow also optimizes scanning accuracy, printing orientation, precision, and usability. The precision of fabrication was examined by scanning the fabricated part with the stereolithography file. The root mean square value of 0.0287 mm indicates that the fabricated device is within the clinical accuracy and thus can be used for mandibular advancement. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that printing orientations of 0° and 45° deliver higher precision and surface quality, with the 45° proving to be most cost-effective for grinding and post-processing. The post-processing greatly reduced the surface roughness thereby increasing the comfortability and hygiene. The durability of the fabricated MADs was proved through the unaffected mechanical properties even after washing >1000 times (equivalent to 3 years). Contributing to the wider adoption of digital procedures in dental clinics and coinciding with current market trends toward patient-specific solutions, this study highlights the viability of an efficient, adaptable, and hygienic digital workflow for MADs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100202
Amir Sufian Ismail, Jonathan Rengarajoo, Lee Chee Wei, Md Arad Jelon, Nur Ikram Hanim, Muhammad Adzwin Yahya, Kok Tuck Choon
Virtual surgical planning (VSP) is becoming a standard procedure in managing patient indicated for distraction osteogenesis as part of the surgical management. In general, the use of VSP is not part of the routine treatment protocol due to the high cost and steep learning curve associated with it. In this case report, we would like to share our experience in managing patients with hemi-micrognathia secondary to ankylosed temporomandibular joint via distraction osteogenesis. Preoperatively, the patient's Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) is used to create a stereoscopic simulation image. The ramus distractors were scanned to create a virtual ramus distractor. All this data is then appended into the software to decide on the osteotomy site as well as vector placement of the distractors virtually. This allows for virtual simulation of the proposed surgical plan. Once the osteotomy site and the vector for the ramus distractor has been finalised, a hybrid guide is created to aid in both osteotomy as well as identifying the vector for the distractor. Post-operatively, distraction devices were activated twice daily until distraction length was achieved followed by a consolidation period. VSP and hybrid guide allows surgeons to better understand the pitfalls of the case, simulate multiple possibilities virtually and also a as a good communication tool during patient consultation.
{"title":"Virtual surgical planning for mandibular ramus distraction osteogenesis","authors":"Amir Sufian Ismail, Jonathan Rengarajoo, Lee Chee Wei, Md Arad Jelon, Nur Ikram Hanim, Muhammad Adzwin Yahya, Kok Tuck Choon","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual surgical planning (VSP) is becoming a standard procedure in managing patient indicated for distraction osteogenesis as part of the surgical management. In general, the use of VSP is not part of the routine treatment protocol due to the high cost and steep learning curve associated with it. In this case report, we would like to share our experience in managing patients with hemi-micrognathia secondary to ankylosed temporomandibular joint via distraction osteogenesis. Preoperatively, the patient's Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) is used to create a stereoscopic simulation image. The ramus distractors were scanned to create a virtual ramus distractor. All this data is then appended into the software to decide on the osteotomy site as well as vector placement of the distractors virtually. This allows for virtual simulation of the proposed surgical plan. Once the osteotomy site and the vector for the ramus distractor has been finalised, a hybrid guide is created to aid in both osteotomy as well as identifying the vector for the distractor. Post-operatively, distraction devices were activated twice daily until distraction length was achieved followed by a consolidation period. VSP and hybrid guide allows surgeons to better understand the pitfalls of the case, simulate multiple possibilities virtually and also a as a good communication tool during patient consultation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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