Applications in engineering science最新文献

英文中文

An experimental investigation of selective laser melting for coating of WCCo powder on steel substrates 激光熔覆WCCo粉末的实验研究

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100207

Michael Taylor Hurst , Mathew Kuttolamadom , Chao Ma , Jyhwen Wang

The performance of metal forming dies heavily depends on their surface characteristics including surface roughness and hardness. In forming complex part geometry, advanced die technologies are often used to control material flow such that wrinkling or fracture of workpiece can be prevented. This research investigate the use of selective laser melting (SLM) process to selectively coat WCCo on steel substrates to potentially improve metal forming die performance. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of volumetric energy density (VED) on the integrity and properties of the resulting surface. Instruments including microscopy, interferometry, spectroscopy, and hardness measurements were used to characterize the coated surfaces. The results show that coating defect such as cracks and spatters can be reduced with increased VED. The coating hardness, in general, decreases with increased VED. As stainless steel and H13 tool steel were used as the substrate, the study also identified that the thermal conductivity of the substrate material play a significant role in crack formation. It is also found that surface preparation, through machining, can affect the retention of the powder and lead to a higher surface hardness. Overall the hardness increase ranged from 200 % to 300 %. The conclusions of the present work can be used as a guide for developing high performance coating on sheet metal forming dies.

金属成形模具的性能在很大程度上取决于其表面特性，包括表面粗糙度和硬度。在形成复杂几何形状的零件时，通常采用先进的模具技术来控制材料流动，以防止工件起皱或断裂。本研究探讨了使用选择性激光熔化（SLM）工艺在钢基板上选择性地涂覆WCCo，以潜在地改善金属成形模具的性能。通过实验研究了体积能量密度（VED）对所得表面完整性和性能的影响。使用显微镜、干涉测量、光谱学和硬度测量等仪器来表征涂层表面。结果表明，随着热变形量的增加，涂层的裂纹和飞溅等缺陷也会减少。涂层硬度一般随VED的增加而降低。由于采用不锈钢和H13工具钢作为基体，研究还发现基体材料的导热性对裂纹的形成有重要影响。还发现，表面处理，通过加工，可以影响粉末的保留，导致更高的表面硬度。总的来说，硬度增加了200%到300%。所得结论可为开发高性能板料成形模具涂层提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Research of the boundaries of the "metal filter" section during filtration of magnesium alloy AZ91 AZ91镁合金过滤过程中“金属过滤”截面边界的研究

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100212

V. Shalomeev , S. Sheyko , O. Hrechanyі , T. Vasilchenko , A. Hrechana

During the production of magnesium alloys, non-metallic inclusions of exogenous and endogenous nature accumulate in the liquid metal, which is associated with the high chemical activity of magnesium and alloying elements, as well as the use of fluxes. Therefore, the technology for producing magnesium-based alloys involves refining processes. The most progressive method of purifying liquid metal is considered to be the method of filtering it through granular solid filters, which allows for the simultaneous refining and modification of the alloy. The structure and quality of the AZ91 alloy in the zone of contact with filter materials, magnesite, graphite, limestone, was studied. It has been established that graphite and magnesite are the most suitable filtration materials for magnesium alloys. Filtering the AZ91 alloy through graphite and magnesite filters improves the quality of the metal, but the best characteristics are obtained on a sample of the alloy filtered through a complex filter.

在镁合金生产过程中，外源和内源性质的非金属夹杂物在液态金属中积累，这与镁和合金元素的高化学活性以及助熔剂的使用有关。因此，生产镁基合金的技术包括精炼过程。纯化液态金属的最先进的方法被认为是通过颗粒状固体过滤器过滤液态金属的方法，这种方法允许同时对合金进行精炼和改性。研究了AZ91合金与过滤材料菱镁矿、石墨、石灰石接触区的组织和质量。石墨和菱镁矿是镁合金最适宜的过滤材料。通过石墨和菱镁矿过滤器过滤AZ91合金可以提高金属质量，但通过复合过滤器过滤的合金样品的性能最好。

引用次数: 0

Design and fabrication of foam-filled topology optimized composite structures using an improved non-monotonic interpolation function 基于改进非单调插值函数的泡沫填充拓扑优化复合材料结构设计与制造

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100205

Yihao Dong , Yinan Yu , Ping Hong , Xuechen Gu , Jiaqi Qu , Shaoming He , Muhayy Ud Din , Irfan Hussain

Spatial topology and foam-filled structures are prominent macroscale characteristics observed in avian feathers and bones. However, the extraction of uniform thickness shell in a topology optimization process as well as fabricated by carbon fiber reinforced plastic is still challenge. This paper proposed a integration framework on the design and manufacturing of the topology optimized structure with rigid shell and foam filled. A modified non-monotonic function is carried out to interpolate the border coat and the infill foam, directly extract an unique coat from the single material topology optimization process. The sensitivities analyze the non-monotonic interpolation, objective and constraint considered in the optimization procedure. With this interpolation and control subsequent, we come up with a dual-molding method to fabricate the optimized structure with topology layout, rigid shell and foam infill. We compare the stiffness performance of the composite with the single material topology optimization result to discover the improvement of proposed method. The result apply to the laser altimeter sensor bracket of unmanned helicopter with high load bearing stiffness and limited design area. These bio-inspired composite with foam infill and rigid shell will improve synthetic layout that maximized the structural performance for potential use in the future transportation system.

空间拓扑结构和泡沫填充结构是鸟类羽毛和骨骼的显著宏观特征。然而，在拓扑优化过程中提取均匀厚度的壳体以及用碳纤维增强塑料制造壳体仍然是一个挑战。本文提出了一种基于刚性壳体和泡沫填充的拓扑优化结构设计与制造的集成框架。采用改进的非单调函数对边界涂层和填充泡沫进行插值，直接从单材料拓扑优化过程中提取出唯一的涂层。灵敏度分析了优化过程中考虑的非单调插值、目标和约束。在此基础上，提出了拓扑布局、刚性外壳和泡沫填充的双成型方法来制作优化结构。通过将复合材料的刚度性能与单材料拓扑优化结果进行比较，发现了所提方法的改进之处。研究结果适用于无人直升机高承载刚度、设计面积有限的激光测高仪传感器支架。这些具有泡沫填充和刚性外壳的仿生复合材料将改善合成布局，最大限度地提高结构性能，用于未来的运输系统。

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引用次数: 0

Retraction notice to “Climatic consequences of the process of saturation of radiation absorption in gases” [Applications in Engineering Science 17 (2024) 100170] 关于“气体中辐射吸收饱和过程的气候后果”的撤回通知[工程科学应用17 (2024)100170]

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2024.100201

Jan Kubicki, Krzysztof Kopczyński, Jarosław Młyńczak

引用次数: 0

Experimental-based Gaidai multidimensional reliability assessment approach for wind energy harvesters 基于实验的风能采集器Gaidai多维可靠性评估方法

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100209

Oleg Gaidai , Jinlu Sheng , Alia Ashraf , Yan Zhu , Zirui Liu , Hongchen Li , Yu Cao

Dynamic Energy Harvesters (EH) playing nowadays significant role within green/renewable energy engineering, thus, in addition to numerical modelling, thorough lab/experimental research, as well as multimodal structural design and reliability approaches being required for operational longevity and safety. Performance of a particular EH device had been examined in this investigation, utilizing extensive lab wind tunnel tests, provided realistic range of windspeeds. Presented study offers state-of-the-art multidimensional structural risk assessment methodology, particularly suitable for multimodal nonlinear dynamic EH systems. Multidimensional dynamic system reliability can be analyzed via direct Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) or via physical measurements, conducted across a representative period, resulting in jointly quasi-ergodic timeseries, representing EH multidimensional system's dynamics. Presented study demonstrated that the proposed multimodal risk assessment methodology was able to accurately forecast EH system's damage and failure risks, based on lab measured dynamics.

High dimensionality along with complex inters-correlations between structural EH system's components may present challenge for existing reliability assessment methodologies, as those are mostly limited to univariate or at most bivariate reliability analyses. Presented study's main objective was to establish a novel multidimensional structural reliability assessment methodology, enabling relevant excessive dynamics information to be extracted from experimentally recorded/measured time-histories. Advocated multimodal, multidimensional reliability methodology enables efficient, yet accurate prognostics of structural damage (failure) risks for a variety of nonlinear dynamic systems.

动态能量采集器（EH）如今在绿色/可再生能源工程中发挥着重要作用，因此，除了数值建模之外，还需要进行彻底的实验室/实验研究，以及多模态结构设计和可靠性方法，以确保运行寿命和安全性。本研究利用大量实验室风洞试验，对一种特殊的EH装置进行了性能测试，提供了真实的风速范围。本研究提供了最先进的多维结构风险评估方法，特别适用于多模态非线性动态EH系统。多维动态系统的可靠性可以通过直接蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）或物理测量进行分析，通过一个代表性的时期进行，产生联合准遍历时间序列，代表EH多维系统的动态。研究表明，基于实验室测量的动力学，所提出的多模式风险评估方法能够准确预测EH系统的损坏和失效风险。高维性以及结构EH系统组件之间复杂的相互关系可能对现有的可靠性评估方法提出挑战，因为这些方法大多局限于单变量或最多双变量可靠性分析。本研究的主要目的是建立一种新的多维结构可靠性评估方法，使相关的过度动态信息能够从实验记录/测量的时程中提取出来。倡导的多模态、多维可靠性方法能够有效而准确地预测各种非线性动态系统的结构损伤（失效）风险。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated fluidic actuators for two-way concrete slabs 用于双向混凝土板的集成流体驱动器

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100208

Matthias J. Bosch , Markus Nitzlader , Matthias Bachmann , Hansgeorg Binz , Lucio Blandini , Matthias Kreimeyer

The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) field influences the anthropogenic CO₂ footprint. Concrete is one of the most widely used materials, with cement production alone being responsible for 6–10 % of worldwide anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. To reduce structural mass and related emissions, it is necessary to use materials more efficiently. This can be achieved by means of adaptive structure design in which actuators are an essential component. These actuators must be specifically designed to address the particular requirements of adaptive structures, in order to maximize the reduction of global warming potential (GWP) in comparison to conventional structures. For floor slabs utilizing a specific actuation concept, one key requirement for the actuators is the ability to generate constant moment curves over defined areas. This approach enables local manipulation of the slab's load-bearing behavior while reducing the number of actuators required per slab, resulting in a more efficient and resource-saving design. This contribution presents a new approach for designing actuators that meet the requirements of adaptive two-way slabs. The steps involved in the design process are outlined here, from conceptual considerations to pre-investigations and the creation of the first prototype. The prototype is then investigated in experiments and a specific numerical setup is verified. The designed integrated fluidic actuators enable precise moment generation over defined distances within the slab, directly supporting the desired actuation concept. This enhances structural performance and offers the potential for reduced material usage and associated CO₂ emissions. Overall, experimental and numerical investigation serve to validate the design approaches and concepts.

建筑、工程和施工（AEC）领域影响人为CO2足迹。混凝土是使用最广泛的材料之一，仅水泥生产就占全球人为二氧化碳排放量的6 - 10%。为了减少结构质量和相关的排放，有必要更有效地使用材料。这可以通过自适应结构设计来实现，其中执行器是必不可少的组成部分。这些执行器必须专门设计以满足自适应结构的特殊要求，以便与传统结构相比最大限度地降低全球变暖潜能值（GWP）。对于使用特定驱动概念的楼板，执行器的一个关键要求是能够在定义区域上产生恒定力矩曲线。这种方法可以在减少每块板所需执行器数量的同时，对板的承载行为进行局部操作，从而实现更高效、更节约资源的设计。这为设计满足自适应双向板要求的作动器提供了一种新的方法。这里概述了设计过程中涉及的步骤，从概念考虑到预调查和创建第一个原型。然后对原型进行了实验研究，并对特定的数值设置进行了验证。设计的集成流体致动器能够在板内定义的距离上精确地产生力矩，直接支持所需的致动概念。这提高了结构性能，并提供了减少材料使用和相关二氧化碳排放的潜力。总的来说，实验和数值研究有助于验证设计方法和概念。

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引用次数: 0

Thermo-mechanical stress analysis and critical condition estimation in lithium lanthanum niobate (LiLaNbO) thin electrolyte plate of all-solid-state battery 全固态电池铌酸镧锂（LiLaNbO）薄电解质板的热机械应力分析及临界条件估计

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100206

Tasnuva Tabashhum Choudhury , Nahid Imtiaz Masuk , Pranoy Deb , Md. Nurul Islam , Md Ashraful Islam

This study analyzes the thermo-mechanical stress fields within a LiLaNbO electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries, considering various temperature gradients, boundary conditions, and material properties. Using advanced plate theory, an infinitesimally thin electrolyte plate integrated into a planar battery system was modeled. The stress distributions were computed analytically and verified with simulations using ANSYS Workbench under four distinct boundary conditions: FR (Free to expand and bend), NB (No bending, free to expand), NE (No expansion, free to bend), and NBE (No bending or expansion). For uniform temperature conditions (T1 = T2 = 350 K), compressive stresses of up to 70 MPa were observed for NBE, while FR and NB conditions yielded negligible stresses. Under temperature gradients (e.g., T1 = 300 K, T2 = 250 K to 350 K), stress profiles varied linearly along the z-axis for theoretical predictions, while simulated results showed slight deviations, with maximum stresses of approximately -60 MPa. Material properties such as Young's modulus (97–106 GPa) and thermal expansion coefficients (6 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) were considered temperature-dependent, revealing their limited impact on stress distributions within 200–400 K. A novel estimation method for identifying critical operational conditions is proposed, ensuring mechanical stability by limiting stress to below 150 MPa. The findings provide actionable insights for enhancing the safety and reliability of all-solid-state batteries.

本研究在考虑不同温度梯度、边界条件和材料性质的情况下，分析了全固态电池中LiLaNbO电解质的热-机械应力场。利用先进的极板理论，对集成在平面电池系统中的极薄电解质极板进行了建模。利用ANSYS Workbench对四种不同边界条件下的应力分布进行了解析计算和仿真验证：FR（自由膨胀和弯曲）、NB（无弯曲，自由膨胀）、NE（无膨胀，自由弯曲）和NBE（无弯曲和膨胀）。在均匀温度条件下（T1 = T2 = 350 K）， NBE的压缩应力高达70 MPa，而FR和NB条件下的应力可以忽略不计。在温度梯度下（如T1 = 300 K, T2 = 250 K至350 K），理论预测应力分布沿z轴呈线性变化，而模拟结果偏差较小，最大应力约为-60 MPa。杨氏模量（97-106 GPa）和热膨胀系数（6 × 10⁻26 K⁻¹）等材料特性被认为与温度有关，揭示了它们对200-400 K范围内应力分布的影响有限。提出了一种新的识别临界工况的估计方法，通过将应力限制在150mpa以下来确保机械稳定性。这一发现为提高全固态电池的安全性和可靠性提供了可行的见解。

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IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

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