Applications in engineering science最新文献_第4页

Research on thermo-mechanical coupled damage of high-temperature concrete based on close-packed model 基于密实模型的高温混凝土热-力耦合损伤研究

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100296

Yi-Da Zhao, Xiao-Hui Liu, Zheng-Lin Lan, Zhong-Wei Yao

This study employs ABAQUS numerical simulations to compare a model incorporating aggregates with a homogeneous model without aggregates. This comparison reveals the mechanical properties and micro-damage characteristics of concrete after exposure to high temperatures. The study systematically elucidates the intrinsic degradation mechanisms of concrete under thermo-mechanical coupling, spanning from macro to micro scales. It also highlights the advantages of the proposed close-packed model. The findings indicate that both peak stress and elastic modulus exhibit nonlinear reductions as temperature increases in high-temperature concrete. Stress-strain variation patterns demonstrate similarities across both models. The close-packed model effectively represents the mesoscale damage characteristics of high-temperature concrete. High temperatures significantly lower the stress threshold for damage initiation, and the damage evolution gradually slows down. The damage transitions from localized expansion at the aggregate-matrix interface to a globally diffuse expansion. Furthermore, the close-packed model effectively captures the settlement and packing characteristics of aggregates during the actual pouring process, addressing homogeneous models and random aggregate models that overlook physical processes.

本研究采用ABAQUS数值模拟比较了含骨料模型和不含骨料的均匀模型。通过对比，揭示了高温下混凝土的力学性能和微损伤特征。本研究系统地阐明了混凝土在热-力耦合作用下从宏观到微观的内在降解机制。它还突出了拟议的密集模式的优势。研究结果表明，高温混凝土的峰值应力和弹性模量均随温度升高而非线性降低。应力-应变变化模式在两种模型中表现出相似性。密排模型有效地表征了高温混凝土的中尺度损伤特征。高温显著降低了损伤起始应力阈值，损伤演化逐渐减缓。损伤由聚集-基体界面局部扩展过渡到全局扩散扩展。此外，密实充填模型有效地捕捉了实际浇注过程中骨料的沉降和充填特征，解决了忽略物理过程的均匀模型和随机骨料模型。

{"title":"Research on thermo-mechanical coupled damage of high-temperature concrete based on close-packed model","authors":"Yi-Da Zhao, Xiao-Hui Liu, Zheng-Lin Lan, Zhong-Wei Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs ABAQUS numerical simulations to compare a model incorporating aggregates with a homogeneous model without aggregates. This comparison reveals the mechanical properties and micro-damage characteristics of concrete after exposure to high temperatures. The study systematically elucidates the intrinsic degradation mechanisms of concrete under thermo-mechanical coupling, spanning from macro to micro scales. It also highlights the advantages of the proposed close-packed model. The findings indicate that both peak stress and elastic modulus exhibit nonlinear reductions as temperature increases in high-temperature concrete. Stress-strain variation patterns demonstrate similarities across both models. The close-packed model effectively represents the mesoscale damage characteristics of high-temperature concrete. High temperatures significantly lower the stress threshold for damage initiation, and the damage evolution gradually slows down. The damage transitions from localized expansion at the aggregate-matrix interface to a globally diffuse expansion. Furthermore, the close-packed model effectively captures the settlement and packing characteristics of aggregates during the actual pouring process, addressing homogeneous models and random aggregate models that overlook physical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linearized instability of Couette flow in stress-power law fluids 应力-幂律流体中Couette流动的线性不稳定性

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100304

Krishna Kaushik Yanamundra , Lorenzo Fusi

This paper examines the linearized stability of plane Couette flow for stress-power law fluids, which exhibit non-monotonic stress–strain rate behavior. The constitutive model is derived from a thermodynamic framework using a non-convex rate of dissipation potential. Under velocity boundary conditions, the system may admit three steady-state solutions. Linearized stability analysis reveals that the two solutions on ascending constitutive branches are unconditionally stable, while the solution on the descending branch is unconditionally unstable. For mixed traction-velocity boundary conditions, the base state is unique. Stability depends solely on whether the prescribed traction lies on an ascending (stable) or descending (unstable) branch of the constitutive curve. The results demonstrate that flow stability in these complex fluids is fundamentally governed by both boundary conditions and constitutive non-monotonicity.

本文研究了应力-幂律流体平面Couette流动的线性化稳定性，该流体表现出非单调的应力-应变速率行为。本构模型是利用非凸耗散势率从热力学框架中导出的。在速度边界条件下，系统可以有三个稳态解。线性稳定性分析表明，在上升本构分支上的两个解是无条件稳定的，而在下降本构分支上的两个解是无条件不稳定的。对于混合牵引-速度边界条件，基态是唯一的。稳定性仅仅取决于规定的牵引力是在本构曲线的上升（稳定）分支上还是下降（不稳定）分支上。结果表明，这些复杂流体的流动稳定性基本上是由边界条件和本构非单调性共同决定的。

引用次数: 0

A new implementation of the anisotropic plasticity–ductile damage model coupling Hill yield and GTN failure criteria in Abaqus UMAT: Identification of parameters for AA6022 Abaqus UMAT中耦合Hill屈服和GTN破坏准则的各向异性塑性-延性损伤模型的新实现：AA6022的参数辨识

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100311

Md. Zahidul Sarkar , Somnath Ghosh , Marko Knezevic

This paper adopts a 2D implementation of an anisotropic plasticity–ductile damage model coupling Hill yield and GTN failure criteria and extends it to a 3D implementation in a user material subroutine (UMAT) of Abaqus software. The implementation is first verified via comparisons with an isotropic model coupling von Mises yield and GTN failure criteria available in Abaqus. Next, a deep drawing of a cylindrical cup simulation from an aluminum alloy (AA) 6022-T4 orthotropic sheet is carried out using the developed anisotropic plasticity–ductile damage model to predict geometrical shape changes including the earing profile and sheet thinning/thickening as well as the structural punch force-displacement response. Parameters pertaining to the anisotropy are identified using simulations involving a polycrystal plasticity model calibrated for the alloy in prior works, while the flow curve was appropriately extrapolated to large strains to facilitate the simulation. Finally, an expansion of a circular hole at the bottom of a cylindrical cup simulation is performed from the same sheet alloy to predict anisotropy as well as the evolution of damage and failure during the expansion. Despite the axisymmetry of the hole expansion simulation set-up, non-uniform thinning is successfully predicted around the hole throughout the expansion owing to the anisotropy of the material in addition to the structural punch force-displacement behavior. The damage and void volume fraction evolution parameters are optimized to successfully predict the rate and spatial location of the failure during the expansion. The developed anisotropic plasticity – ductile damage simulation framework can be used to predict with acceptable accuracy phenomena pertaining to the material behavior, resulting geometrical changes, and damage important for the optimization of industrial metal forming processes. The practical significance of the model for industrial simulations is emphasized given its computational efficiency. Numerical aspects of the model implementation along with the simulation results are presented and discussed.

本文采用耦合Hill屈服和GTN破坏准则的各向异性塑性-延性损伤模型的二维实现，并在Abaqus软件的用户材料子程序（UMAT）中将其扩展到三维实现。首先通过与Abaqus中提供的耦合von Mises屈服和GTN失效标准的各向同性模型进行比较来验证该实现。其次，利用所建立的各向异性塑性-延性损伤模型，对铝合金6022-T4正交各向异性薄板进行了圆柱杯深拉成形仿真，预测了几何形状的变化，包括凸缘轮廓、薄板减薄/增厚以及结构冲孔力-位移响应。与各向异性相关的参数是通过使用先前工作中校准的合金的多晶塑性模型进行模拟来确定的，而流动曲线则适当地外推到大应变以促进模拟。最后，用同一种合金板材对圆柱形杯底部圆孔的膨胀进行了模拟，以预测膨胀过程中的各向异性以及损伤和破坏的演变。尽管孔洞膨胀模拟设置是轴对称的，但由于材料的各向异性以及结构冲孔力-位移行为，在整个膨胀过程中成功地预测了孔洞周围的非均匀变薄。通过对损伤和孔隙体积分数演化参数的优化，成功地预测了膨胀过程中破坏的速率和空间位置。所开发的各向异性塑性-韧性损伤模拟框架可用于以可接受的精度预测与材料行为有关的现象，由此产生的几何变化，以及对工业金属成形过程的优化至关重要的损伤。考虑到该模型的计算效率，强调了该模型在工业仿真中的实际意义。给出并讨论了模型实现的数值方面以及仿真结果。

{"title":"A new implementation of the anisotropic plasticity–ductile damage model coupling Hill yield and GTN failure criteria in Abaqus UMAT: Identification of parameters for AA6022","authors":"Md. Zahidul Sarkar , Somnath Ghosh , Marko Knezevic","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper adopts a 2D implementation of an anisotropic plasticity–ductile damage model coupling Hill yield and GTN failure criteria and extends it to a 3D implementation in a user material subroutine (UMAT) of Abaqus software. The implementation is first verified via comparisons with an isotropic model coupling von Mises yield and GTN failure criteria available in Abaqus. Next, a deep drawing of a cylindrical cup simulation from an aluminum alloy (AA) 6022-T4 orthotropic sheet is carried out using the developed anisotropic plasticity–ductile damage model to predict geometrical shape changes including the earing profile and sheet thinning/thickening as well as the structural punch force-displacement response. Parameters pertaining to the anisotropy are identified using simulations involving a polycrystal plasticity model calibrated for the alloy in prior works, while the flow curve was appropriately extrapolated to large strains to facilitate the simulation. Finally, an expansion of a circular hole at the bottom of a cylindrical cup simulation is performed from the same sheet alloy to predict anisotropy as well as the evolution of damage and failure during the expansion. Despite the axisymmetry of the hole expansion simulation set-up, non-uniform thinning is successfully predicted around the hole throughout the expansion owing to the anisotropy of the material in addition to the structural punch force-displacement behavior. The damage and void volume fraction evolution parameters are optimized to successfully predict the rate and spatial location of the failure during the expansion. The developed anisotropic plasticity – ductile damage simulation framework can be used to predict with acceptable accuracy phenomena pertaining to the material behavior, resulting geometrical changes, and damage important for the optimization of industrial metal forming processes. The practical significance of the model for industrial simulations is emphasized given its computational efficiency. Numerical aspects of the model implementation along with the simulation results are presented and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A variant of Stokes’ second problem for a new shear thinning model for paint 一种新的油漆剪切减薄模型的斯托克斯第二问题的变体

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100288

Mohan Anand, Banothu Gnaneshwarii

A variant of Stokes’ second problem, namely the flow of a pool of liquid between two plates with the bottom plate oscillating, is studied for a novel shear thinning fluid model for paint. The governing equation is obtained using the semi-inverse approach. The governing equation is solved numerically, subject to the appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The cases of bottom plate subject to oscillatory velocity and oscillatory shear stress are studied. The results are qualitatively similar: the fluid damps the oscillations and introduces a phase shift, the extent of each depending on the distance from the plate. A parameter study is conducted for the case of the bottom plate being subject to oscillatory velocity. Increasing the amplitude of oscillations increases the maximum velocity close to the plate, but the effect diminishes with increasing amplitude. On the other hand, increasing the frequency decreases the maximum velocity close to the plate. The effect of the material parameters of paint on the maximum velocity close to the plate, although counterintuitive, matches what is expected for shear thinning fluids.

本文研究了一种新型的涂料剪切稀化流体模型的Stokes第二问题的变体，即底板振荡时两板之间的液体池流动。采用半逆方法得到了控制方程。在适当的初始条件和边界条件下，对控制方程进行数值求解。研究了底板受振荡速度和振荡剪应力作用的情况。结果在性质上是相似的：流体阻尼振荡并引入相移，每个相移的程度取决于与平板的距离。对底板受振荡速度影响的情况进行了参数研究。振荡振幅的增大使靠近板的最大速度增大，但随振幅的增大而减小。另一方面，增加频率会降低靠近板的最大速度。涂料材料参数对接近板的最大速度的影响，虽然违反直觉，但与剪切变薄流体的预期相符。

{"title":"A variant of Stokes’ second problem for a new shear thinning model for paint","authors":"Mohan Anand, Banothu Gnaneshwarii","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A variant of Stokes’ second problem, namely the flow of a pool of liquid between two plates with the bottom plate oscillating, is studied for a novel shear thinning fluid model for paint. The governing equation is obtained using the semi-inverse approach. The governing equation is solved numerically, subject to the appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The cases of bottom plate subject to oscillatory velocity and oscillatory shear stress are studied. The results are qualitatively similar: the fluid damps the oscillations and introduces a phase shift, the extent of each depending on the distance from the plate. A parameter study is conducted for the case of the bottom plate being subject to oscillatory velocity. Increasing the amplitude of oscillations increases the maximum velocity close to the plate, but the effect diminishes with increasing amplitude. On the other hand, increasing the frequency decreases the maximum velocity close to the plate. The effect of the material parameters of paint on the maximum velocity close to the plate, although counterintuitive, matches what is expected for shear thinning fluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of climate variability on optimal thickness of wall insulation: A numerical study across five cold cities using long-term numerical simulations 气候变率对保温墙体最佳厚度的影响：五个寒冷城市长期数值模拟的数值研究

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2026.100294

Husniddin Khayrullaev , Andicha Zain , Issa Omle , Endre Kovács

In cold climates, winter heat loss through building walls significantly impacts energy consumption. Several previous experiments showed that while simple steady-state methods such as the Degree-Days approach are often used for estimation, they lack accuracy in capturing transient effects. In this paper, we employ a numerical transient simulation method to evaluate heat transfer through the southern and northern wall in five cold cities over the six-month heating season. Temperature profiles and heat loss are analyzed for both uninsulated and insulated walls using glass wool with varying thicknesses. The optimal insulation thickness is determined by assessing thermal performance across different scenarios. The results will help determine how to increase energy and financial efficiency at the same time in cold climates. As a result, it was found that for the south wall, the optimum insulation thicknesses are (33, 25, 30, 32, and 26 cm), and the life cycle energy savings are (564.56, 300.12, 448.01, 516.41, and 302.38 Euros per square meter) for the cities of Ulaanbaatar, Copenhagen, Edmonton, Hokkaido, and Warsaw, respectively, while the payback time are (1.79, 2.71, 2.09, 1.92, and 2.75 years).

在寒冷的气候条件下，通过建筑墙体的冬季热损失会显著影响能源消耗。先前的几个实验表明，虽然简单的稳态方法，如度-天方法，经常用于估计，但它们在捕捉瞬态效应方面缺乏准确性。本文采用数值瞬态模拟方法，对5个寒冷城市6个月采暖季的南北墙体传热进行了数值模拟。分析了使用不同厚度玻璃棉的非隔热和隔热墙体的温度分布和热损失。通过评估不同情况下的热性能来确定最佳隔热厚度。研究结果将有助于确定如何在寒冷气候下同时提高能源和财务效率。结果发现，乌兰巴托、哥本哈根、埃德蒙顿、北海道和华沙等城市的南墙最佳保温厚度分别为（33、25、30、32和26 cm），生命周期节能分别为（564.56、300.12、448.01、516.41和302.38欧元/平方米），投资回报时间分别为（1.79、2.71、2.09、1.92和2.75年）。

{"title":"Impact of climate variability on optimal thickness of wall insulation: A numerical study across five cold cities using long-term numerical simulations","authors":"Husniddin Khayrullaev , Andicha Zain , Issa Omle , Endre Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2026.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In cold climates, winter heat loss through building walls significantly impacts energy consumption. Several previous experiments showed that while simple steady-state methods such as the Degree-Days approach are often used for estimation, they lack accuracy in capturing transient effects. In this paper, we employ a numerical transient simulation method to evaluate heat transfer through the southern and northern wall in five cold cities over the six-month heating season. Temperature profiles and heat loss are analyzed for both uninsulated and insulated walls using glass wool with varying thicknesses. The optimal insulation thickness is determined by assessing thermal performance across different scenarios. The results will help determine how to increase energy and financial efficiency at the same time in cold climates. As a result, it was found that for the south wall, the optimum insulation thicknesses are (33, 25, 30, 32, and 26 cm), and the life cycle energy savings are (564.56, 300.12, 448.01, 516.41, and 302.38 Euros per square meter) for the cities of Ulaanbaatar, Copenhagen, Edmonton, Hokkaido, and Warsaw, respectively, while the payback time are (1.79, 2.71, 2.09, 1.92, and 2.75 years).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of fibre-reinforced composites for lightweight ballistic body armour 轻型弹道防弹衣用纤维增强复合材料的优化

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100262

Elias Wakshume , Semayat Fanta , Solomon Seid , Kumlachew Yeneneh

This study presents an innovative approach to optimizing fiber-reinforced composite materials for ballistic body armor, enhancing protection against 7.62 mm AK-47 rifle bullets. Through finite element analysis (FEA), the mechanical responses of Kevlar/alumina and Dyneema/epoxy composites were investigated under ballistic impact conditions. FEA results indicate that Dyneema/epoxy could provide a significant reduction in areal density (≈56.9 %) and an improved energy-absorption capacity (≈55.1 %) relative to the Kevlar/alumina system considered here; these values are derived from numerical simulations validated against literature data and should be confirmed with targeted ballistic experiments. The novelty of this research lies in the comparative investigation and optimization of next-generation lightweight composite systems, including Dyneema/epoxy, Kevlar/alumina vests used by Ethiopian military forces. This is one of the first studies to integrate finite element simulations, and damage mechanics (Hashin criteria) to quantify the ballistic performance of these advanced composites under real-world threat levels. Moreover, this research introduces a new paradigm in ballistic armor design by systematically correlating weight efficiency, damage resilience, and stress–strain behavior in multi-layered composite laminates. The study highlights the cost-effectiveness and potential of Dyneema/epoxy to redefine ballistic protection by balancing weight, efficiency, durability, and impact resistance. These findings establish Dyneema/epoxy as a next-generation material for advanced body armor applications.

本研究提出了一种创新的方法来优化用于弹道防弹衣的纤维增强复合材料，增强对7.62毫米AK-47步枪子弹的防护。通过有限元分析，研究了Kevlar/氧化铝复合材料和Dyneema/环氧复合材料在弹道冲击条件下的力学响应。有限元分析结果表明，相对于本文所考虑的Kevlar/氧化铝体系，Dyneema/环氧树脂可以显著降低面密度（≈56.9%），提高能量吸收能力（≈55.1%）；这些数值是根据文献数据验证的数值模拟得出的，并应通过目标弹道实验加以证实。这项研究的新颖之处在于对下一代轻质复合材料系统的比较研究和优化，包括埃塞俄比亚军队使用的Dyneema/环氧树脂、凯夫拉尔/氧化铝背心。这是首次将有限元模拟和损伤力学（Hashin标准）结合起来，量化这些先进复合材料在现实威胁水平下的弹道性能的研究之一。此外，该研究通过系统地关联多层复合材料层合板的重量效率、损伤回弹性和应力-应变行为，为弹道装甲设计引入了一种新的范式。该研究强调了Dyneema/环氧树脂的成本效益和潜力，通过平衡重量、效率、耐用性和抗冲击性来重新定义弹道防护。这些发现确立了Dyneema/环氧树脂作为先进防弹衣应用的下一代材料。

{"title":"Optimization of fibre-reinforced composites for lightweight ballistic body armour","authors":"Elias Wakshume , Semayat Fanta , Solomon Seid , Kumlachew Yeneneh","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an innovative approach to optimizing fiber-reinforced composite materials for ballistic body armor, enhancing protection against 7.62 mm AK-47 rifle bullets. Through finite element analysis (FEA), the mechanical responses of Kevlar/alumina and Dyneema/epoxy composites were investigated under ballistic impact conditions. FEA results indicate that Dyneema/epoxy could provide a significant reduction in areal density (≈56.9 %) and an improved energy-absorption capacity (≈55.1 %) relative to the Kevlar/alumina system considered here; these values are derived from numerical simulations validated against literature data and should be confirmed with targeted ballistic experiments. The novelty of this research lies in the comparative investigation and optimization of next-generation lightweight composite systems, including Dyneema/epoxy, Kevlar/alumina vests used by Ethiopian military forces. This is one of the first studies to integrate finite element simulations, and damage mechanics (Hashin criteria) to quantify the ballistic performance of these advanced composites under real-world threat levels. Moreover, this research introduces a new paradigm in ballistic armor design by systematically correlating weight efficiency, damage resilience, and stress–strain behavior in multi-layered composite laminates. The study highlights the cost-effectiveness and potential of Dyneema/epoxy to redefine ballistic protection by balancing weight, efficiency, durability, and impact resistance. These findings establish Dyneema/epoxy as a next-generation material for advanced body armor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a 3D-printed shell lattice midsole for diabetic foot shoe 糖尿病足鞋用3d打印壳格中底的研制

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100271

Mireia Puig-Poch , Anna Hössinger-Kalteis , Michael Lackner , Zoltan Major , Sara Ruiz-Martorell

This study aims to support diabetic foot treatment by introducing a customized offloading midsole specifically designed for neuropathic ulcers, one of the most common complications of diabetes. The goal is to explore a personalized, mechanically efficient, and low-cost solution that ensures optimal redistribution of plantar pressure.

A parametric design methodology based on sinusoidal shell lattice structures is developed. These geometries allow for structural adaptation by adjusting key design variables such as amplitude, cut out radius, and shell thickness. Finite element simulations are used to assess the mechanical behaviour of multiple cell configurations, followed by experimental validation using FDM 3D-printed samples. A prototype midsole is produced by mapping a distribution of variable-thickness cells onto an idealized plantar pressure pattern. Its mechanical performance is evaluated through compression testing using a foot-shaped stamp.

Results confirm the feasibility of achieving zoned stiffness distribution through additive manufacturing. The selected final configuration strikes a balance between structural integrity and deformability. Simulated results closely match experimental data, supporting the viability of the method for developing offload-sensitive midsoles. Unlike traditional foam-based designs, this approach enables a more continuous and precise modulation of mechanical response across the plantar surface.

本研究旨在通过引入一种专门为神经性溃疡（糖尿病最常见的并发症之一）设计的定制卸载中底来支持糖尿病足的治疗。目标是探索一种个性化的、机械高效的、低成本的解决方案，以确保足底压力的最佳再分配。提出了一种基于正弦壳点阵结构的参数化设计方法。这些几何形状允许通过调整关键设计变量（如振幅、切割半径和外壳厚度）来进行结构调整。有限元模拟用于评估多个单元配置的机械行为，然后使用FDM 3d打印样品进行实验验证。通过将变厚度细胞的分布映射到理想的足底压力模式上，产生了一个原型中底。通过脚形冲压件的压缩试验来评价其力学性能。结果证实了通过增材制造实现分区刚度分布的可行性。选择的最终配置在结构完整性和可变形性之间取得平衡。模拟结果与实验数据非常吻合，支持了该方法开发卸载敏感中底的可行性。与传统的基于泡沫的设计不同，这种方法可以更连续、更精确地调节足底表面的机械响应。

{"title":"Development of a 3D-printed shell lattice midsole for diabetic foot shoe","authors":"Mireia Puig-Poch , Anna Hössinger-Kalteis , Michael Lackner , Zoltan Major , Sara Ruiz-Martorell","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to support diabetic foot treatment by introducing a customized offloading midsole specifically designed for neuropathic ulcers, one of the most common complications of diabetes. The goal is to explore a personalized, mechanically efficient, and low-cost solution that ensures optimal redistribution of plantar pressure.</div><div>A parametric design methodology based on sinusoidal shell lattice structures is developed. These geometries allow for structural adaptation by adjusting key design variables such as amplitude, cut out radius, and shell thickness. Finite element simulations are used to assess the mechanical behaviour of multiple cell configurations, followed by experimental validation using FDM 3D-printed samples. A prototype midsole is produced by mapping a distribution of variable-thickness cells onto an idealized plantar pressure pattern. Its mechanical performance is evaluated through compression testing using a foot-shaped stamp.</div><div>Results confirm the feasibility of achieving zoned stiffness distribution through additive manufacturing. The selected final configuration strikes a balance between structural integrity and deformability. Simulated results closely match experimental data, supporting the viability of the method for developing offload-sensitive midsoles. Unlike traditional foam-based designs, this approach enables a more continuous and precise modulation of mechanical response across the plantar surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of fly ash and ground bottom ash from thermal power plants on workability, compressive strength and durability of high performance fine-grained concrete 火电厂粉煤灰和底灰对高性能细粒混凝土和易性、抗压强度和耐久性的影响

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100261

Thanh Ha Le , Dinh Loc Mai , Thi Hue Ta

This paper presents the effects of fly ash (FA) and ground bottom ash (BA) on the workability, compressive strength, sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration of high performance fine-grained concrete. The bottom ash was ground in a ball mill for 90 min. Cement was partially replaced with FA/ BA at replacement levels of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % by weight. The experimental results indicate that increasing the FA content improved the workability of the concrete while reducing the required amount of superplasticizer. In contrast, increasing the BA content decreased workability, necessitating a higher dosage of superplasticizer. Concrete incorporating BA exhibited higher compressive strength than the control mix (100 % cement), with BA being more effective than FA in enhancing strength. Additionally, concrete containing FA/ BA demonstrated greater sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration compared to the control mix. Higher replacement levels of FA/ BA led to further improvements in sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration, with BA showing more pronounced effects than FA.

本文介绍了粉煤灰（FA）和底灰（BA）对高性能细粒混凝土和易性、抗压强度、抗硫酸盐和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。底灰在球磨机中研磨90分钟。水泥部分用FA/ BA替代，替换量分别为10%、20%和30%。试验结果表明，增加FA含量可改善混凝土的和易性，同时减少高效减水剂的用量。相反，增加BA含量会降低和易性，因此需要增加高效减水剂的用量。掺入BA的混凝土抗压强度高于对照混凝土（100%水泥），且BA比FA在增强强度方面更有效。此外，与对照混合物相比，含有FA/ BA的混凝土表现出更强的抗硫酸盐和抗氯离子渗透能力。较高的FA/ BA替代水平进一步提高了对硫酸盐的抗性和对氯离子渗透的抗性，其中BA的效果比FA更明显。

{"title":"Effects of fly ash and ground bottom ash from thermal power plants on workability, compressive strength and durability of high performance fine-grained concrete","authors":"Thanh Ha Le , Dinh Loc Mai , Thi Hue Ta","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the effects of fly ash (FA) and ground bottom ash (BA) on the workability, compressive strength, sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration of high performance fine-grained concrete. The bottom ash was ground in a ball mill for 90 min. Cement was partially replaced with FA/ BA at replacement levels of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % by weight. The experimental results indicate that increasing the FA content improved the workability of the concrete while reducing the required amount of superplasticizer. In contrast, increasing the BA content decreased workability, necessitating a higher dosage of superplasticizer. Concrete incorporating BA exhibited higher compressive strength than the control mix (100 % cement), with BA being more effective than FA in enhancing strength. Additionally, concrete containing FA/ BA demonstrated greater sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration compared to the control mix. Higher replacement levels of FA/ BA led to further improvements in sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration, with BA showing more pronounced effects than FA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying the effect of hydrodynamic parameters on characteristics of the gas bubbles in tapered fluidized beds 研究了流体动力参数对锥形流化床内气泡特性的影响

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100273

Hossein Askaripour , Ramin Khodabandehlou , Asghar Molaei Dehkordi

The two-fluid model is applied to explore the effects of various parameters including initial static bed height, superficial gas velocity, and a mixture of particles of different sizes and densities on the size distribution and rise velocity of gas bubbles in tapered fluidized beds. Comparison of simulation outcomes with experimental data about the fraction and rise velocity of bubbles is carried out and relatively good agreement is observed. Results indicate that increasing static height of the solid leads to increased bubble fraction and rise velocity. The fraction of medium and large bubbles has direct relationship with the superficial gas velocity but that is reverse for the bubbles with small diameters. For a solid mixture with different sizes or densities, the bubble fraction goes up with an increase in the percentage of lighter solid from 25 to 50 %, but it drops as the percentage increases from 50 to 75 %. At lower bed heights, bubble rising velocity decreases with an increase of the portion of smaller particles in a solid mixture. The rise velocity of bubbles is ascending with inlet velocity of the gas phase.

采用双流体模型探讨了初始静态床层高度、表面气速以及不同粒径和密度的颗粒混合物等参数对锥形流化床内气泡尺寸分布和上升速度的影响。模拟结果与实验数据进行了气泡分数和上升速度的比较，结果吻合较好。结果表明，随着固体静高度的增加，气泡分数和上升速度增加。中、大气泡的比例与表面气速有直接关系，而小直径气泡的比例与表面气速相反。对于不同尺寸或密度的固体混合物，气泡分数随轻质固体百分比从25%增加到50%而增加，但随轻质固体百分比从50%增加到75%而下降。在较低的床层高度下，气泡上升速度随着固体混合物中较小颗粒比例的增加而减小。气泡的上升速度随气相入口速度的增大而增大。

{"title":"Studying the effect of hydrodynamic parameters on characteristics of the gas bubbles in tapered fluidized beds","authors":"Hossein Askaripour , Ramin Khodabandehlou , Asghar Molaei Dehkordi","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The two-fluid model is applied to explore the effects of various parameters including initial static bed height, superficial gas velocity, and a mixture of particles of different sizes and densities on the size distribution and rise velocity of gas bubbles in tapered fluidized beds. Comparison of simulation outcomes with experimental data about the fraction and rise velocity of bubbles is carried out and relatively good agreement is observed. Results indicate that increasing static height of the solid leads to increased bubble fraction and rise velocity. The fraction of medium and large bubbles has direct relationship with the superficial gas velocity but that is reverse for the bubbles with small diameters. For a solid mixture with different sizes or densities, the bubble fraction goes up with an increase in the percentage of lighter solid from 25 to 50 %, but it drops as the percentage increases from 50 to 75 %. At lower bed heights, bubble rising velocity decreases with an increase of the portion of smaller particles in a solid mixture. The rise velocity of bubbles is ascending with inlet velocity of the gas phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal imagery temperature gradient analysis through deformable transformer residual regression network for crack severity estimation 热像温度梯度分析通过变形变压器残差回归网络进行裂纹严重程度估计

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100265

Shyamala Devi M , Yuvaraj Natarajan , Sri Preethaa K․R , Priya S

Structural crack severity estimation is critical for preventive maintenance, yet conventional approaches often fall short in capturing subsurface defects from thermal imagery due to noise and irrelevant metadata. This paper proposes a novel Vision Deformable Transformer Normalized Residual Regression Network (ViTNResNet18) for temperature gradient analysis and crack severity estimation. The thermal crack images used in this work are sourced from Mendeley Crack900 dataset. The ViTNResNet18 begins by automatically cropping to eliminate FLIR logos and temperature scales, ensuring focus on relevant thermal data. The novelty of the model is Gradient Thermal Filtering (GTF) that combines gradient magnitude, direction, thermal flow, Gabor frequency, and thermal clusters into a unified fused image to enhance crack feature representation. Subsequently, a Heat Dispersion Profile (HDP) is generated to extract critical thermal texture and gradient descriptors. The core ViTNResNet18 replaces standard ResNet18 blocks with Normalized Residual Blocks (NRB) to stabilize local feature extraction, while a ViT Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) fusion module is introduced after average pooling to capture global thermal dependencies. Unlike conventional ViT models, the proposed ViTNResNet18 replaces fixed linear projections with an offset predictor Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Deformable Positional Embedding (DPE), allowing adaptive focus on temperature gradient variations. The extracted heat dispersion profile is embedded along with transformer features and passed through an MLP regression head to directly estimate crack width and depth. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves crack severity prediction accuracy of 99.60 %, significantly outperforming traditional models. The ViTNResNet18 delivers an intelligent and scalable solution for structural crack severity estimation by improving the accuracy of defect detection and quantification contributing to resilient infrastructure.

结构裂缝严重程度估计对于预防性维护至关重要，但由于噪声和不相关的元数据，传统方法通常无法从热图像中捕获地下缺陷。本文提出了一种新的视觉变形变压器归一化残差回归网络（ViTNResNet18），用于温度梯度分析和裂纹严重程度估计。本研究中使用的热裂纹图像来自Mendeley Crack900数据集。ViTNResNet18首先自动裁剪以消除FLIR标识和温标，确保专注于相关的热数据。该模型的新颖之处是梯度热滤波（GTF），它将梯度大小、方向、热流、Gabor频率和热簇结合到一个统一的融合图像中，以增强裂缝特征的表征。随后，生成热分散剖面（HDP）以提取关键的热纹理和梯度描述符。核心的ViTNResNet18用归一化残差块（NRB）取代标准的ResNet18块来稳定局部特征提取，而在平均池化之后引入ViT卷积神经网络（CNN）融合模块来捕获全局热依赖关系。与传统的ViT模型不同，提出的ViTNResNet18用偏移预测器多层感知器（MLP）和可变形位置嵌入（DPE）取代了固定的线性投影，允许自适应关注温度梯度变化。将提取的散热剖面与变压器特征一起嵌入，并通过MLP回归头直接估计裂缝宽度和深度。实验结果表明，该方法对裂纹严重程度的预测准确率达到99.60%，显著优于传统模型。ViTNResNet18通过提高缺陷检测和量化的准确性，为结构裂缝严重程度估计提供了智能和可扩展的解决方案，有助于弹性基础设施。

{"title":"Thermal imagery temperature gradient analysis through deformable transformer residual regression network for crack severity estimation","authors":"Shyamala Devi M , Yuvaraj Natarajan , Sri Preethaa K․R , Priya S","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural crack severity estimation is critical for preventive maintenance, yet conventional approaches often fall short in capturing subsurface defects from thermal imagery due to noise and irrelevant metadata. This paper proposes a novel Vision Deformable Transformer Normalized Residual Regression Network (ViTNResNet18) for temperature gradient analysis and crack severity estimation. The thermal crack images used in this work are sourced from Mendeley Crack900 dataset. The ViTNResNet18 begins by automatically cropping to eliminate FLIR logos and temperature scales, ensuring focus on relevant thermal data. The novelty of the model is Gradient Thermal Filtering (GTF) that combines gradient magnitude, direction, thermal flow, Gabor frequency, and thermal clusters into a unified fused image to enhance crack feature representation. Subsequently, a Heat Dispersion Profile (HDP) is generated to extract critical thermal texture and gradient descriptors. The core ViTNResNet18 replaces standard ResNet18 blocks with Normalized Residual Blocks (NRB) to stabilize local feature extraction, while a ViT Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) fusion module is introduced after average pooling to capture global thermal dependencies. Unlike conventional ViT models, the proposed ViTNResNet18 replaces fixed linear projections with an offset predictor Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Deformable Positional Embedding (DPE), allowing adaptive focus on temperature gradient variations. The extracted heat dispersion profile is embedded along with transformer features and passed through an MLP regression head to directly estimate crack width and depth. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves crack severity prediction accuracy of 99.60 %, significantly outperforming traditional models. The ViTNResNet18 delivers an intelligent and scalable solution for structural crack severity estimation by improving the accuracy of defect detection and quantification contributing to resilient infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0