Applications in engineering science最新文献_第4页

Development of a 3D-printed shell lattice midsole for diabetic foot shoe 糖尿病足鞋用3d打印壳格中底的研制

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100271

Mireia Puig-Poch , Anna Hössinger-Kalteis , Michael Lackner , Zoltan Major , Sara Ruiz-Martorell

This study aims to support diabetic foot treatment by introducing a customized offloading midsole specifically designed for neuropathic ulcers, one of the most common complications of diabetes. The goal is to explore a personalized, mechanically efficient, and low-cost solution that ensures optimal redistribution of plantar pressure.

A parametric design methodology based on sinusoidal shell lattice structures is developed. These geometries allow for structural adaptation by adjusting key design variables such as amplitude, cut out radius, and shell thickness. Finite element simulations are used to assess the mechanical behaviour of multiple cell configurations, followed by experimental validation using FDM 3D-printed samples. A prototype midsole is produced by mapping a distribution of variable-thickness cells onto an idealized plantar pressure pattern. Its mechanical performance is evaluated through compression testing using a foot-shaped stamp.

Results confirm the feasibility of achieving zoned stiffness distribution through additive manufacturing. The selected final configuration strikes a balance between structural integrity and deformability. Simulated results closely match experimental data, supporting the viability of the method for developing offload-sensitive midsoles. Unlike traditional foam-based designs, this approach enables a more continuous and precise modulation of mechanical response across the plantar surface.

本研究旨在通过引入一种专门为神经性溃疡（糖尿病最常见的并发症之一）设计的定制卸载中底来支持糖尿病足的治疗。目标是探索一种个性化的、机械高效的、低成本的解决方案，以确保足底压力的最佳再分配。提出了一种基于正弦壳点阵结构的参数化设计方法。这些几何形状允许通过调整关键设计变量（如振幅、切割半径和外壳厚度）来进行结构调整。有限元模拟用于评估多个单元配置的机械行为，然后使用FDM 3d打印样品进行实验验证。通过将变厚度细胞的分布映射到理想的足底压力模式上，产生了一个原型中底。通过脚形冲压件的压缩试验来评价其力学性能。结果证实了通过增材制造实现分区刚度分布的可行性。选择的最终配置在结构完整性和可变形性之间取得平衡。模拟结果与实验数据非常吻合，支持了该方法开发卸载敏感中底的可行性。与传统的基于泡沫的设计不同，这种方法可以更连续、更精确地调节足底表面的机械响应。

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引用次数: 0

Optimising haemodynamic performance: Investigating the impact of varying anastomosis angles on blood flow in brachiocephalic fistula 优化血流动力学性能：探讨不同吻合角度对头臂瘘血流的影响

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100270

Nima Rahmati, Arshia Eskandari, Kian Javari, Alireza Jabbari, Mona Alimohammadi

This study investigates the effect of anastomosis angle on haemodynamic performance in Brachiocephalic fistulas, using computational fluid dynamics to inform optimal surgical configurations for hemodialysis access. Nine idealized brachiocephalic fistula geometries with anastomosis angles ranging from 15° to 135°, in 15° increments, were simulated under pulsatile flow conditions. Key haemodynamic parameters, including pressure, velocity, time-averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, high oscillatory low magnitude shear, and relative residence time, were assessed to evaluate flow stability and clinical implications. Results indicate that lower anastomosis angles (15°, 30°) exhibit higher TAWSS values, peaking at 3.8 Pa in the anastomosis zone, and demonstrate concentrated HOLMES and OSI regions, indicating elevated flow disturbance and vascular stress. In contrast, wider angles (120°, 135°) promote smoother, more laminar flow, with up to a 60 % reduction in adverse WSS-derived parameters, particularly HOLMES and RRT, when compared to sharper angles. These improvements are especially notable in the venous segment, where lower flow stagnation reduces the risk of thrombus formation. Among all configurations, the 135° angle emerged as the most favourable, balancing shear forces and reducing disturbed flow zones, thereby enhancing long-term AVF patency and function. Clinically, sharper angles may benefit patients with thrombosis risk due to increased shear clearing, while wider angles are better suited for minimising endothelial damage and improving durability. These findings support the need for personalised surgical planning, with anastomosis angle tailored to patient-specific vascular health and clinical priorities.

本研究探讨了吻合角度对头臂瘘管血流动力学性能的影响，利用计算流体动力学为血液透析通路的最佳手术配置提供信息。在脉动流条件下，模拟了吻合角为15°~ 135°、增量为15°的9个理想头臂瘘几何形状。评估关键血流动力学参数，包括压力、速度、时间平均壁剪切应力、振荡剪切指数、高振荡低强度剪切和相对停留时间，以评估血流稳定性和临床意义。结果表明，吻合角越小（15°、30°）TAWSS值越高，吻合区TAWSS值在3.8 Pa处达到峰值，且HOLMES和OSI区域较为集中，表明血流扰动和血管应力升高。相比之下，更大的角度（120°、135°）可以促进更平稳、更层流的流动，与更大的角度相比，可将不利的wss参数（尤其是HOLMES和RRT）降低60%。这些改善在静脉段尤其显著，在那里较低的血流停滞降低了血栓形成的风险。在所有配置中，135°角是最有利的，可以平衡剪切力并减少干扰流区，从而增强AVF的长期通畅和功能。临床上，由于剪切清除的增加，更尖锐的角度可能有利于降低血栓风险的患者，而更宽的角度更适合最小化内皮损伤和提高耐久性。这些发现支持个性化手术计划的必要性，吻合角度根据患者的血管健康和临床优先事项量身定制。

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引用次数: 0

Study on strain energy evolution characteristics and mechanisms between two types of fissured granites under true triaxial stresses 真三轴应力作用下两类裂隙花岗岩应变能演化特征及机制研究

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100269

Jin-Rui Gong , Ming-Fa Huang , Chang-Jun Wang , Wen-Hao Shi

This study examines the strain energy evolution processes and the associated failure behaviors of two types of fissured granite under the influence of true triaxial stresses. Strain energy characteristics are critical to comprehending the deformation and failure mechanisms of rock masses. Utilizing Hunan granite as a representative example, this research focuses on the variations in strain energy rate, strain energy conversion rate, and strain energy values at peak strength (σ_p) across different levels of intermediate principal stress (σ₂). The findings suggest that an escalation of σ₂ enhances the susceptibility of granite to brittle failure. Observations also reveal a reciprocal relationship between the elastic strain energy (U_e) rate and the dissipated strain energy (U_d) during the failure process. Within the same σ₂ condition, the U_e conversion rate consistently exceeds that of U_d prior to reaching crack damage stress. Conversely, beyond this stress threshold, the U_d conversion rate consistently surpasses U_e, particularly under heightened σ₂. The study further unveils that at lower σ₂ values, increased dissipated strain energy variation in the σ₂ direction (U_2d) results in more pronounced energy dissipation and a higher incidence of cracking on the surfaces of pre-existing fissures. In contrast, at elevated σ₂ values, a reduced U_2d variation corresponds to fewer observed cracks and a greater tendency for the rock to fracture along the minimum principal stress (σ₃) direction. The insights gained from this investigation significantly contribute to the field of rock mechanics, particularly concerning the understanding of true triaxial stress behaviors, and bear vital implications for predicting and ensuring rock stability in engineering practices.

研究了真三轴应力作用下两种裂隙花岗岩的应变能演化过程及其破坏行为。应变能特性是理解岩体变形破坏机制的关键。以湖南花岗岩为例，研究了不同中间主应力（σ2）水平下，峰值强度（σp）下的应变能率、应变能转化率和应变能值的变化规律。研究结果表明，σ2的升高会增强花岗岩的脆性破坏敏感性。观察结果还表明，在破坏过程中，弹性应变能（Ue）率与耗散应变能（Ud）之间呈反比关系。在相同的σ2条件下，在达到裂纹损伤应力之前，Ue的转化率始终大于Ud。反之，在此应力阈值之外，Ud的转化率持续高于Ue，特别是在σ2增大的情况下。研究进一步表明，当σ2值较低时，σ2方向（U2d）的耗散应变能变化增大，导致原有裂缝表面的能量耗散更加明显，开裂发生率更高。相反，当σ2值升高时，U2d变化越小，观察到的裂缝越少，岩石沿最小主应力（σ3）方向断裂的趋势越大。从这项研究中获得的见解对岩石力学领域做出了重大贡献，特别是对真三轴应力行为的理解，并对工程实践中预测和确保岩石稳定性具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting creep failure time of thick-walled spherical vessels considering large strains 考虑大应变的厚壁球形容器蠕变破坏时间预测

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100267

Vinod K. Arya

In this paper, the problem of predicting creep-failure time of thick-walled spherical vessels is investigated. Thick-walled spherical vessels are important structural components that are used in many industries such as oil, chemical, nuclear, and others. These industries are required to operate under complex thermal and mechanical loadings where creep deformation is prevalent. The fact that continuing deformation under creep may reach a value where the assumption of small strains becomes increasingly invalid has been incorporated by using a finite-strain formulation in the mathematical framework developed to perform the creep-failure prediction times of the vessels. The mathematical analysis is conducted by employing the equilibrium, compatibility, and constitutive equations for the finite (logarithmic) strain theory together with suitable boundary conditions. The creep-failure time prediction relation is developed and solved using analytical and/or numerical methods. Parametric studies for various wall thickness ratios, creep-law exponents and pressure magnitudes are performed and presented in the form of graphs. It is expected that this investigation, employing a combination of mathematics and nonlinear mechanics, will provide useful guidelines for predicting more accurate creep-failure time and may thus lead to a safer design of thick-walled spherical vessels.

本文研究了厚壁球形容器蠕变失效时间的预测问题。厚壁球形容器是重要的结构部件，用于许多工业，如石油、化工、核能和其他工业。这些行业需要在复杂的热和机械载荷下运行，其中蠕变变形普遍存在。事实上，蠕变下的持续变形可能达到一个值，在这个值中，小应变的假设变得越来越无效，这一事实已经通过在用于执行容器蠕变破坏预测时间的数学框架中使用有限应变公式得到了考虑。采用有限（对数）应变理论的平衡方程、相容方程和本构方程，结合适当的边界条件进行了数学分析。建立了蠕变-失效时间预测关系，并采用解析和（或）数值方法求解。对不同壁厚比、蠕变定律指数和压力大小进行了参数化研究，并以图的形式呈现。预计该研究将采用数学和非线性力学相结合的方法，为预测更准确的蠕变失效时间提供有用的指导，从而可能导致更安全的厚壁球形容器设计。

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引用次数: 0

Coupled fluid-thermal analysis of a square chamber with a wavy top wall and an internal solid elliptical/circular block 具有波浪顶壁和内部实心椭圆/圆形块的方形腔室的耦合流热分析

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100268

Soumyanil Sadhu Deep, Sayma Sultana, Tahsin-Ul Haque, Md Tanvir Rahman, Sumon Saha

This study investigates the thermal performance of the conjugate free convective flow of air within a square enclosure containing a heat-conducting obstacle at the center, either elliptical or circular-shaped, and a wavy cold top wall. Variations in both the corrugation frequency and amplitude of the wavy top wall, along with adjustments to the shape of the central obstacle, are systematically examined to identify the optimal thermal performance of the system. Governing Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved using the finite element method. Initially, three different obstacle shapes, namely horizontal ellipse, vertical ellipse, and circle, are considered to assess the influence of the obstacle’s geometrical orientation, while maintaining fixed corrugation frequency and amplitude. Later, three values of dimensionless corrugation amplitude (A = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) and corrugation frequency (f = 7, 9, and 11) are taken to determine their effects on heat transfer efficiency and entropy generation. A comprehensive analysis is conducted, evaluating various performance indicators, including average fluid temperature, average Nusselt number, total entropy generation, and the ecological coefficient of performance. Notably, the study prioritizes achieving enhanced heat transfer while minimizing entropy generation. The results reveal that the optimal configuration offering the highest heat transfer effectiveness with the lowest entropy generation is obtained when a vertical elliptical obstacle is employed, evidenced by the consistently highest value of ECOP for flows with varying Ra. This favorable outcome is most evident with a corrugation amplitude of A = 0.04 and a corrugation frequency of f = 11, while all other parameters are kept constant.

本研究研究了在中心有导热障碍物（椭圆形或圆形）和波状冷顶壁的方形外壳内空气的共轭自由对流的热性能。波浪顶壁的波纹频率和振幅的变化，以及对中心障碍物形状的调整，都被系统地检查，以确定系统的最佳热性能。采用有限元法求解了控制Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程。首先，考虑三种不同的障碍物形状，即水平椭圆、垂直椭圆和圆形，以评估障碍物几何方向的影响，同时保持固定的波纹频率和振幅。随后，取无量纲波纹振幅（A = 0.02、0.03和0.04）和波纹频率（f = 7、9和11）三个值来确定它们对换热效率和熵产的影响。综合分析，评价各性能指标，包括平均流体温度、平均努塞尔数、总熵产、性能生态系数。值得注意的是，该研究优先考虑在最小化熵产生的同时实现增强的传热。结果表明，当采用垂直椭圆障碍物时，获得了传热效率最高、熵产最低的最佳配置，不同Ra流动的ECOP值一致最高。在其他参数保持不变的情况下，波纹幅值为a = 0.04，波纹频率为f = 11时，效果最为明显。

{"title":"Coupled fluid-thermal analysis of a square chamber with a wavy top wall and an internal solid elliptical/circular block","authors":"Soumyanil Sadhu Deep, Sayma Sultana, Tahsin-Ul Haque, Md Tanvir Rahman, Sumon Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apples.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermal performance of the conjugate free convective flow of air within a square enclosure containing a heat-conducting obstacle at the center, either elliptical or circular-shaped, and a wavy cold top wall. Variations in both the corrugation frequency and amplitude of the wavy top wall, along with adjustments to the shape of the central obstacle, are systematically examined to identify the optimal thermal performance of the system. Governing Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved using the finite element method. Initially, three different obstacle shapes, namely horizontal ellipse, vertical ellipse, and circle, are considered to assess the influence of the obstacle’s geometrical orientation, while maintaining fixed corrugation frequency and amplitude. Later, three values of dimensionless corrugation amplitude (<em>A</em> = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) and corrugation frequency (<em>f</em> = 7, 9, and 11) are taken to determine their effects on heat transfer efficiency and entropy generation. A comprehensive analysis is conducted, evaluating various performance indicators, including average fluid temperature, average Nusselt number, total entropy generation, and the ecological coefficient of performance. Notably, the study prioritizes achieving enhanced heat transfer while minimizing entropy generation. The results reveal that the optimal configuration offering the highest heat transfer effectiveness with the lowest entropy generation is obtained when a vertical elliptical obstacle is employed, evidenced by the consistently highest value of <em>ECOP</em> for flows with varying <em>Ra</em>. This favorable outcome is most evident with a corrugation amplitude of <em>A</em> = 0.04 and a corrugation frequency of <em>f</em> = 11, while all other parameters are kept constant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72251,"journal":{"name":"Applications in engineering science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing geotechnical properties of Ulwe soil through waste plastic bottle fibers and nano zinc oxide stabilization 废塑料瓶纤维和纳米氧化锌稳定剂增强乌尔韦土的岩土性能

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100266

Maheboobsab B. Nadaf , Vedprakash Maralapalle , Sharanappagouda Kadabinakatti , Seema Jagtap

Soil stabilization is a critical aspect of foundation engineering that improves subgrade soils' durability and load-bearing capacity. This study examines the effectiveness of two innovative stabilizing agents—waste plastic bottle fibers and Nano Zinc Oxide (ZnO)—in enhancing the geotechnical properties of Ulwe and Navi Mumbai soils. Waste plastic bottle fibers were added in proportions of 0.25 %, 0.5 %, and 0.75 % by weight with length 3 cm, width 1 mm, and thickness 0.1 mm, while ZnO was incorporated in proportions of 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % by weight of dry soil. Experimental tests such as the Standard Proctor, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) were performed to assess the soil's performance. Wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycle experiments, which mimic field conditions, were used to evaluate durability. According to the results, adding 0.5 % waste plastic bottle fibers increased CBR values by 32 %, while adding 2 % ZnO improved CBR by 25 %. Higher ZnO content, however, increased the soil's optimum moisture content (OMC) while decreasing its maximum dry density (MDD). These results emphasize the suitability of waste plastic bottle fibers and ZnO as cost-effective and environmentally friendly soil stabilizing agents, with significant improvements in CBR values.

土壤稳定是提高路基土壤耐久性和承载能力的关键环节。本研究考察了两种创新稳定剂——废弃塑料瓶纤维和纳米氧化锌（ZnO）——在增强乌尔韦和新孟买土壤岩土力学性能方面的有效性。废塑料瓶纤维按0.25%、0.5%和0.75%的重量添加，长度为3 cm，宽度为1 mm，厚度为0.1 mm，氧化锌按1%、2%和3%的重量添加在干土中。进行了标准普罗克特、加州承力比（CBR）和无侧限抗压强度（UCS）等试验测试来评估土壤的性能。采用模拟现场条件的干湿循环试验和冻融循环试验对其耐久性进行了评价。结果表明，添加0.5%的废塑料瓶纤维可使CBR值提高32%，添加2%的ZnO可使CBR值提高25%。ZnO含量的增加增加了土壤的最适含水量（OMC），降低了土壤的最大干密度（MDD）。这些结果强调了废塑料瓶纤维和氧化锌作为经济、环保的土壤稳定剂的适用性，并显著提高了CBR值。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal imagery temperature gradient analysis through deformable transformer residual regression network for crack severity estimation 热像温度梯度分析通过变形变压器残差回归网络进行裂纹严重程度估计

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100265

Shyamala Devi M , Yuvaraj Natarajan , Sri Preethaa K․R , Priya S

Structural crack severity estimation is critical for preventive maintenance, yet conventional approaches often fall short in capturing subsurface defects from thermal imagery due to noise and irrelevant metadata. This paper proposes a novel Vision Deformable Transformer Normalized Residual Regression Network (ViTNResNet18) for temperature gradient analysis and crack severity estimation. The thermal crack images used in this work are sourced from Mendeley Crack900 dataset. The ViTNResNet18 begins by automatically cropping to eliminate FLIR logos and temperature scales, ensuring focus on relevant thermal data. The novelty of the model is Gradient Thermal Filtering (GTF) that combines gradient magnitude, direction, thermal flow, Gabor frequency, and thermal clusters into a unified fused image to enhance crack feature representation. Subsequently, a Heat Dispersion Profile (HDP) is generated to extract critical thermal texture and gradient descriptors. The core ViTNResNet18 replaces standard ResNet18 blocks with Normalized Residual Blocks (NRB) to stabilize local feature extraction, while a ViT Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) fusion module is introduced after average pooling to capture global thermal dependencies. Unlike conventional ViT models, the proposed ViTNResNet18 replaces fixed linear projections with an offset predictor Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Deformable Positional Embedding (DPE), allowing adaptive focus on temperature gradient variations. The extracted heat dispersion profile is embedded along with transformer features and passed through an MLP regression head to directly estimate crack width and depth. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves crack severity prediction accuracy of 99.60 %, significantly outperforming traditional models. The ViTNResNet18 delivers an intelligent and scalable solution for structural crack severity estimation by improving the accuracy of defect detection and quantification contributing to resilient infrastructure.

结构裂缝严重程度估计对于预防性维护至关重要，但由于噪声和不相关的元数据，传统方法通常无法从热图像中捕获地下缺陷。本文提出了一种新的视觉变形变压器归一化残差回归网络（ViTNResNet18），用于温度梯度分析和裂纹严重程度估计。本研究中使用的热裂纹图像来自Mendeley Crack900数据集。ViTNResNet18首先自动裁剪以消除FLIR标识和温标，确保专注于相关的热数据。该模型的新颖之处是梯度热滤波（GTF），它将梯度大小、方向、热流、Gabor频率和热簇结合到一个统一的融合图像中，以增强裂缝特征的表征。随后，生成热分散剖面（HDP）以提取关键的热纹理和梯度描述符。核心的ViTNResNet18用归一化残差块（NRB）取代标准的ResNet18块来稳定局部特征提取，而在平均池化之后引入ViT卷积神经网络（CNN）融合模块来捕获全局热依赖关系。与传统的ViT模型不同，提出的ViTNResNet18用偏移预测器多层感知器（MLP）和可变形位置嵌入（DPE）取代了固定的线性投影，允许自适应关注温度梯度变化。将提取的散热剖面与变压器特征一起嵌入，并通过MLP回归头直接估计裂缝宽度和深度。实验结果表明，该方法对裂纹严重程度的预测准确率达到99.60%，显著优于传统模型。ViTNResNet18通过提高缺陷检测和量化的准确性，为结构裂缝严重程度估计提供了智能和可扩展的解决方案，有助于弹性基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Performance assessment of submerged caisson units under marine dynamic loading: Experimental validation and computational modeling for coastal energy infrastructure 海洋动载下水下沉箱单元的性能评估：沿海能源基础设施的实验验证和计算模型

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100263

Mansour Hamzeh, Mohammad Hasan Ramesht, Javad Majrouhi Sardroud

Caisson breakwaters are widely used in offshore infrastructure; however, their performance under extreme hydrodynamic and geotechnical conditions remains insufficiently characterized, particularly regarding sediment dynamics and installation efficiency. This study proposes an integrated framework for evaluating caisson structural stability, hydrodynamic interaction, and seabed response, introducing novel design features, such as perforated chambers and hybrid jack-up installation, to enhance resilience in high-energy marine environments. A combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations Flow Science Three-Dimensional (FLOW-3D), Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), wave flume testing (at 1:25 and 1:50 scale), and field calibration at tembak port was employed to analyze wave loading, scour behavior, and displacement. The numerical models incorporated sediment transport equations and settlement predictions, which were calibrated against physical and operational datasets. Results show that perforated caisson designs reduced wave reflection coefficients from 0.78 to 0.45, resulting in a 27 % decrease in seabed erosion. Meanwhile, increasing caisson mass by 15 % lowered displacement by 28 %. Installation time was reduced by 15 % via optimized ballasting, and material costs decreased by 18 % using High-Performance Concrete (HPC). The validated framework offers transferable design and performance metrics aligned with Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC) and Overseas Coastal Area Development Institute (OCDI) standards, supporting the development of cost-effective, durable, and environmentally sustainable caisson breakwaters for oil, gas, and petrochemical port facilities.

沉箱防波堤在海洋基础设施中应用广泛；然而，它们在极端水动力和岩土条件下的性能仍然没有充分表征，特别是在沉积物动力学和安装效率方面。该研究提出了一个评估沉箱结构稳定性、水动力相互作用和海底响应的综合框架，引入了新的设计特征，如穿孔室和混合自升式装置，以增强在高能海洋环境中的弹性。采用计算流体力学（CFD）模拟Flow Science三维（Flow - 3d）、Open Field Operation and Manipulation （OpenFOAM）、波浪水槽测试（1:25和1:50比例尺）和tembak港口现场校准相结合的方法，分析了波浪载荷、冲刷行为和位移。数值模型结合了泥沙运移方程和沉降预测，并根据物理和操作数据集进行校准。结果表明，穿孔沉箱设计将波浪反射系数从0.78降低到0.45，使海底侵蚀减少27%。同时，沉箱质量增加15%，排水量降低28%。通过优化压载，安装时间减少了15%，使用高性能混凝土（HPC），材料成本降低了18%。经过验证的框架提供了可转移的设计和性能指标，与常设国际航海大会协会（PIANC）和海外沿海地区发展研究所（OCDI）的标准保持一致，支持开发具有成本效益、耐用性和环境可持续性的沉箱防波堤，用于石油、天然气和石化港口设施。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of fibre-reinforced composites for lightweight ballistic body armour 轻型弹道防弹衣用纤维增强复合材料的优化

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100262

Elias Wakshume , Semayat Fanta , Solomon Seid , Kumlachew Yeneneh

This study presents an innovative approach to optimizing fiber-reinforced composite materials for ballistic body armor, enhancing protection against 7.62 mm AK-47 rifle bullets. Through finite element analysis (FEA), the mechanical responses of Kevlar/alumina and Dyneema/epoxy composites were investigated under ballistic impact conditions. FEA results indicate that Dyneema/epoxy could provide a significant reduction in areal density (≈56.9 %) and an improved energy-absorption capacity (≈55.1 %) relative to the Kevlar/alumina system considered here; these values are derived from numerical simulations validated against literature data and should be confirmed with targeted ballistic experiments. The novelty of this research lies in the comparative investigation and optimization of next-generation lightweight composite systems, including Dyneema/epoxy, Kevlar/alumina vests used by Ethiopian military forces. This is one of the first studies to integrate finite element simulations, and damage mechanics (Hashin criteria) to quantify the ballistic performance of these advanced composites under real-world threat levels. Moreover, this research introduces a new paradigm in ballistic armor design by systematically correlating weight efficiency, damage resilience, and stress–strain behavior in multi-layered composite laminates. The study highlights the cost-effectiveness and potential of Dyneema/epoxy to redefine ballistic protection by balancing weight, efficiency, durability, and impact resistance. These findings establish Dyneema/epoxy as a next-generation material for advanced body armor applications.

本研究提出了一种创新的方法来优化用于弹道防弹衣的纤维增强复合材料，增强对7.62毫米AK-47步枪子弹的防护。通过有限元分析，研究了Kevlar/氧化铝复合材料和Dyneema/环氧复合材料在弹道冲击条件下的力学响应。有限元分析结果表明，相对于本文所考虑的Kevlar/氧化铝体系，Dyneema/环氧树脂可以显著降低面密度（≈56.9%），提高能量吸收能力（≈55.1%）；这些数值是根据文献数据验证的数值模拟得出的，并应通过目标弹道实验加以证实。这项研究的新颖之处在于对下一代轻质复合材料系统的比较研究和优化，包括埃塞俄比亚军队使用的Dyneema/环氧树脂、凯夫拉尔/氧化铝背心。这是首次将有限元模拟和损伤力学（Hashin标准）结合起来，量化这些先进复合材料在现实威胁水平下的弹道性能的研究之一。此外，该研究通过系统地关联多层复合材料层合板的重量效率、损伤回弹性和应力-应变行为，为弹道装甲设计引入了一种新的范式。该研究强调了Dyneema/环氧树脂的成本效益和潜力，通过平衡重量、效率、耐用性和抗冲击性来重新定义弹道防护。这些发现确立了Dyneema/环氧树脂作为先进防弹衣应用的下一代材料。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of fly ash and ground bottom ash from thermal power plants on workability, compressive strength and durability of high performance fine-grained concrete 火电厂粉煤灰和底灰对高性能细粒混凝土和易性、抗压强度和耐久性的影响

IF 2.1 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100261

Thanh Ha Le , Dinh Loc Mai , Thi Hue Ta

This paper presents the effects of fly ash (FA) and ground bottom ash (BA) on the workability, compressive strength, sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration of high performance fine-grained concrete. The bottom ash was ground in a ball mill for 90 min. Cement was partially replaced with FA/ BA at replacement levels of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % by weight. The experimental results indicate that increasing the FA content improved the workability of the concrete while reducing the required amount of superplasticizer. In contrast, increasing the BA content decreased workability, necessitating a higher dosage of superplasticizer. Concrete incorporating BA exhibited higher compressive strength than the control mix (100 % cement), with BA being more effective than FA in enhancing strength. Additionally, concrete containing FA/ BA demonstrated greater sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration compared to the control mix. Higher replacement levels of FA/ BA led to further improvements in sulfate resistance and resistance to Chloride ion penetration, with BA showing more pronounced effects than FA.

本文介绍了粉煤灰（FA）和底灰（BA）对高性能细粒混凝土和易性、抗压强度、抗硫酸盐和抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。底灰在球磨机中研磨90分钟。水泥部分用FA/ BA替代，替换量分别为10%、20%和30%。试验结果表明，增加FA含量可改善混凝土的和易性，同时减少高效减水剂的用量。相反，增加BA含量会降低和易性，因此需要增加高效减水剂的用量。掺入BA的混凝土抗压强度高于对照混凝土（100%水泥），且BA比FA在增强强度方面更有效。此外，与对照混合物相比，含有FA/ BA的混凝土表现出更强的抗硫酸盐和抗氯离子渗透能力。较高的FA/ BA替代水平进一步提高了对硫酸盐的抗性和对氯离子渗透的抗性，其中BA的效果比FA更明显。

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