Applications in engineering science最新文献_第9页

Effect of peak-to-peak amplitude at the base of crimped spiral fins on the air-side performance of crimped spiral fin-and-tube heat exchangers 卷曲螺旋翅片底部峰间振幅对卷曲螺旋翅片管换热器空气侧性能的影响

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100226

Thawatchai Keawkamrop, Somchai Wongwises

This experimental study investigates the effect of peak-to-peak amplitude (PTPA) at the base of a crimped spiral fin (CSF) on the air-side performance of a crimped spiral fin-and-tube heat exchanger (CSFTHX) within a 3000 to 14,000 Reynolds number range. Both plain spiral fins (PSFs) and CSFs are examined. The PTPA is the main geometric parameter of interest in this study. We investigated CSFTHXs with a 19.05 mm outer tube diameter, a fin density of 5 fins per inch (equivalent to a fin pitch of 5.08 mm). The selected peak-to-peak amplitude (PTPA) values—2.5 mm (low), 3.5 mm (medium), and 5.08 mm (high)—cover a representative range commonly used in industrial applications. The results indicate that variations in the PTPA have an insignificant effect on the Colburn factor, suggesting minimal influence on heat transfer performance. However, the PTPA has a significant effect on the friction factor, with higher PTPA values resulting in increased pressure drops. The fin factor, defined as the ratio between the percentage increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient and the corresponding percentage increase in pressure drop, is used for the investigation. For the air frontal velocities above 2 m/s, the fin factor of the CSF with a PTPA of 2.50 mm is higher than those with PTPA values of 3.50 mm and 5.08 mm. This indicates better overall performance in terms of a heat transfer-to-pressure drop trade-off at lower amplitudes.

本实验研究了在3000 ~ 14000雷诺数范围内，卷曲螺旋翅片（CSF）底部的峰峰振幅（PTPA）对卷曲螺旋翅片管换热器（CSFTHX）空气侧性能的影响。对平面螺旋鳍和螺旋鳍进行了研究。PTPA是本研究的主要几何参数。我们研究的csfthx外管直径为19.05 mm，鳍密度为每英寸5个鳍（相当于鳍间距为5.08 mm）。所选的峰对峰振幅（PTPA）值- 2.5 mm（低），3.5 mm（中）和5.08 mm（高）-涵盖了工业应用中常用的代表性范围。结果表明，PTPA的变化对Colburn因子的影响不显著，表明对换热性能的影响很小。然而，PTPA对摩擦系数有显著影响，PTPA值越高，压降越大。翅片系数定义为对流换热系数增加百分比与相应的压降增加百分比之比，用于研究。在锋面速度大于2 m/s时，PTPA为2.50 mm时的尾翼系数高于PTPA为3.50 mm和5.08 mm时的尾翼系数。这表明在较低振幅下传热与压降权衡方面的整体性能更好。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical feedback mechanisms in a multiscale sliding filament model of lymphatic muscle pumping 淋巴肌泵送多尺度滑丝模型的机械反馈机制

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100217

Peter Y. Xie , Christopher J. Morris , Christopher D. Bertram , Michael J. Davis , Samira Jamalian , Mohammad Jafarnejad , David C. Zawieja , James E. Moore Jr

The lymphatic system maintains bodily fluid balance by returning interstitial fluid to the venous system. Flow can occur through a combination of extrinsic pumping, due to forces from surrounding tissues, and intrinsic pumping involving contractions of muscle in the lymphatic vessel walls. Lymph transport is important not only for fluid homeostasis, but also for immune function, as lymph is a carrier for immune cells. Lymphatic muscle cells exhibit both cardiac-like phasic contractions to generate flow and smooth-muscle-like tonic contractions to regulate flow. Lymphatic vessels are sensitive to mechanical stimuli, including flow-induced shear stresses and pressure-induced vessel stretch. These forces modulate biochemical pathways, leading to changes in intracellular calcium that trigger contractile proteins. Employing a multiscale computational model of lymphatic muscle coupled to a lumped-parameter model of lymphatic pumping, we developed and validated a feedback control model of subcellular mechanisms that modulate lymphatic pumping. Following verification that the model reproduced results from axial or transmural pressure difference-controlled experiments, we tested the model's ability to match results from experiments imposing upstream/downstream pressure ramps or a sudden increase in downstream resistance. Inter-lymphangion signaling was necessary to reproduce downstream pressure ramp experiments, but otherwise the model predicted behaviors under these more complex conditions. A better understanding of the mechanobiology of lymphatic contractions can help guide future lymphatic vessel experiments, providing a basis for developing better treatments for lymphatic dysfunction.

淋巴系统通过将组织液返回静脉系统来维持体液平衡。流动可以通过外部泵送（由于周围组织的力量）和内部泵送（涉及淋巴管壁肌肉收缩）的组合发生。淋巴运输不仅对体液平衡很重要，而且对免疫功能也很重要，因为淋巴是免疫细胞的载体。淋巴肌肉细胞既表现出心肌样的相性收缩以产生血流，也表现出平滑肌样的强直性收缩以调节血流。淋巴管对机械刺激很敏感，包括血流引起的剪切应力和压力引起的血管拉伸。这些力量调节生化途径，导致细胞内钙的变化，从而触发收缩蛋白。利用淋巴肌肉的多尺度计算模型与淋巴泵送的集总参数模型相耦合，我们开发并验证了调节淋巴泵送的亚细胞机制的反馈控制模型。在验证了模型再现了轴向或跨壁压差控制实验的结果之后，我们测试了模型与施加上游/下游压力斜坡或下游阻力突然增加的实验结果相匹配的能力。淋巴管间信号是重现下游压力斜坡实验所必需的，但除此之外，该模型预测了这些更复杂条件下的行为。更好地了解淋巴收缩的机制生物学有助于指导未来的淋巴管实验，为开发更好的淋巴功能障碍治疗方法提供基础。

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引用次数: 0

Process-induced shrinking and warping in additively manufactured polycarbonate plates 增材制造聚碳酸酯板的工艺诱导收缩和翘曲

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100220

P. Sreejith , Albert E. Patterson , K.R. Rajagopal , Bhaskar Vajipeyajula

Most thermoplastic manufacturing processes, that do not include cutting, involves the melting and re-solidification of the raw material, which results in delamination, warpage, and shrinkage. These undesirable artifacts are introduced due to the build-up of residual stress during fabrication of the part. They not only affect the process reliability and repeatability, but also the service life and aesthetics of the final product. This is of particular concern in extrusion-based additive manufacturing of thermoplastics with relatively high melting temperatures, such as polycarbonate (PC). By controlling the process parameters, a certain degree of influence can be maintained on the multiple heating/cooling cycles and the corresponding phase transformations that induce differential shrinkage in the part. In the current study, the influence of the orientation of the fabricated part (flat and horizontal¹) on the process history, and as a result on the residual stress distribution in rectangular plates printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) is studied. This work used a thermodynamically-consistent model previously derived for extrusion-based additive manufacturing to run simulations within ABAQUS. Corresponding experiments were conducted to validate the model, along with the error and repeatability analysis. The final dimensions of the plates measured from the experiments matched exceptionally well with the values measured from the simulations. The simulations predicted that the residual stress distribution in each orientation is extremely different. It mainly depended on the distribution of the weight fraction of the glass phase and temperature, which have significantly distinct patterns in both orientations. The simulation also predicted very different possible failure regions for the plates printed in the flat and horizontal orientations.

大多数热塑性塑料制造过程，不包括切割，涉及到原材料的熔化和再凝固，这导致分层，翘曲和收缩。由于零件制造过程中残余应力的积累，引入了这些不希望的工件。它们不仅影响工艺的可靠性和可重复性，而且影响最终产品的使用寿命和美观性。这在熔融温度相对较高的热塑性塑料（如聚碳酸酯（PC））的挤压增材制造中尤其值得关注。通过控制工艺参数，可以对多个加热/冷却循环和相应的相变保持一定程度的影响，从而导致零件的差异收缩。在当前的研究中，研究了被制件的方向（平面和水平方向）对过程历史的影响，并由此对使用熔丝制造（FFF）印刷的矩形板的残余应力分布进行了研究。这项工作使用了先前为基于挤压的增材制造导出的热力学一致模型，在ABAQUS中运行模拟。进行了相应的实验验证模型，并进行了误差和重复性分析。从实验中测量的板的最终尺寸与从模拟中测量的值非常吻合。模拟结果表明，各个方向的残余应力分布差异很大。这主要取决于玻璃相的质量分数和温度的分布，在两个方向上都有明显不同的模式。模拟还预测了在平面和水平方向上印刷的板的非常不同的可能失效区域。

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引用次数: 0

Phantom Domain Finite Element Method: A novel approach for heterogeneous materials 幻域有限元法：异质材料的新方法

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100218

Tianlong He, Philippe Karamian-Surville, Daniel Choï

In this paper, we introduce the Phantom Domain Finite Element Method (PDFEM), a novel computational approach tailored for the efficient analysis of heterogeneous and composite materials. Inspired by fictitious domain methods, this method employs a structured mesh to discretize the entire material domain while utilizing separate, independent meshes for the inclusions. These inclusion meshes are coupled to the structured mesh via a substitution matrix, enabling them to act as phantom meshes that do not directly contribute to the final system of equations. This framework offers significant advantages, including enhanced flexibility in handling complex inclusion geometries and improved computational efficiency. To assess the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method, numerical experiments are conducted on structures containing inclusions of various geometries. In order to emphasize the efficiency of the PDFEM method, a numerical simulation is presented to highlight its advantages in the case of long natural fibers, such as flax and linen. These simulations are compared against FEM calculations, demonstrating the efficiency of PDFEM. Indeed, meshing such fine structures requires an extremely high number of elements, and in some cases, meshing becomes particularly challenging due to the complexity of the geometries.

在本文中，我们介绍了幻影域有限元法（PDFEM），这是一种为高效分析非均质和复合材料而量身定制的新型计算方法。受虚拟域方法的启发，该方法采用结构化网格来离散整个材料域，同时对包含物使用单独的独立网格。这些包含网格通过替换矩阵耦合到结构化网格，使它们能够充当不直接影响最终方程组的虚幻网格。该框架具有显著的优势，包括处理复杂夹杂物几何形状时增强的灵活性和提高的计算效率。为了评估该方法的准确性和鲁棒性，对含有不同几何形状夹杂物的结构进行了数值实验。为了强调PDFEM方法的有效性，给出了数值模拟，以突出其在天然长纤维（如亚麻和亚麻）中的优势。仿真结果与有限元计算结果进行了比较，验证了PDFEM的有效性。事实上，网格划分这样精细的结构需要非常多的元素，在某些情况下，由于几何形状的复杂性，网格划分变得特别具有挑战性。

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引用次数: 0

Low-cost pulse generating system for activating adipose-derived cells in 3D-printed microfluidics 用于激活 3D 打印微流体中脂肪衍生细胞的低成本脉冲发生系统

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100216

Marlene Wahlmueller , Bianca Buchegger , Cyrill Slezak , Heinz Redl , Susanne Wolbank , Eleni Priglinger , Armin Hochreiner

The success of cell-based therapies strongly depends on the regenerative capacity of patient-derived cells, which can vary widely. Enhancing cell potency is therefore critical, especially for autologous applications. Biophysical treatment e.g. extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance the regenerative potential of cells and has been applied in clinical practice for the treatment of several diseases. We developed a novel, low-cost, small and adaptable multi-mode pulse generating system (PGS) that enables direct treatment of cells in 3D-printed microfluidic devices. Adipose-derived cell treatment by our novel PGS showed first promising results, including significantly increased cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and proliferation. Enhanced cell functionality could be observed through a significantly increased adipogenic differentiation potential and a trend towards osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. This novel approach offers unique characteristics achieved by its small dimensions and light weight that come along with increased flexibility and high integrability in existing systems and could therefore overcome limitations faced by conventional biophysical methods. It enables the combination of the process of cell treatment and live monitoring of cells and could therefore emerge in the field of bioprinting, in lab-on-a-chip applications as well as future clinical applications in cell-based therapies for many different therapeutic fields.

细胞疗法的成功很大程度上取决于患者来源细胞的再生能力，而再生能力差异很大。因此，增强细胞效力至关重要，特别是对于自体应用。生物物理治疗，如体外冲击波治疗（ESWT）已成为一种有前途的工具，以提高细胞的再生潜力，并已在临床实践中应用于治疗多种疾病。我们开发了一种新颖，低成本，小型和适应性强的多模式脉冲产生系统（PGS），可以直接处理3d打印微流体装置中的细胞。我们的新型PGS对脂肪来源细胞的处理首次显示出有希望的结果，包括显著增加细胞三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的释放和增殖。细胞功能的增强可以通过显著增加的成脂分化潜力和向成骨和软骨谱系的趋势来观察。这种新颖的方法具有独特的特点，尺寸小，重量轻，在现有系统中具有更高的灵活性和高可集成性，因此可以克服传统生物物理方法面临的局限性。它使细胞治疗过程和细胞实时监测相结合，因此可能出现在生物打印领域，芯片实验室应用以及未来在许多不同治疗领域的基于细胞治疗的临床应用中。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing active suspension systems with robust h∞ control and adaptive techniques under uncertainties 基于鲁棒h∞控制和不确定自适应技术的主动悬架系统优化

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100225

Kumlachew Yeneneh, Menelik Walle, Tatek Mamo, Yared Yalew

This study presents a transformative approach to active suspension control through the development of a hybrid robust-adaptive framework that synergistically combines three advanced techniques: μ-synthesis enhanced H∞ control, model reference adaptation, and real-time frequency-domain optimization. The novel architecture overcomes fundamental limitations in conventional systems by simultaneously addressing (i) parametric uncertainties through structured robustness margins (μ < 1 for ±25 % variations in mass/stiffness), (ii) unstructured road disturbances via adaptive gain scheduling, and (iii) resonant vibrations using closed-loop FFT analysis with 50 ms spectral updates. The controller's dual-degree-of-freedom design introduces a breakthrough solution where the H∞ core guarantees stability while the adaptive module dynamically adjusts damping ratios and stiffness coefficients through Lyapunov-based parameter estimation, achieving 40 % faster convergence than fixed-gain alternatives. Comprehensive simulations under ISO-standardized road profiles demonstrate unprecedented performance: 87.1 % reduction in suspension travel (0.113 m to 0.015 m) and 49.3 % decrease in body acceleration (6.38m/s² to 3.73m/s²) versus passive systems, while maintaining 18 % lower energy consumption than traditional H∞ implementations. The frequency-domain optimization proves particularly effective, reducing resonant peak magnitudes by 62–75 % in the critical 1–4 Hz comfort range and 55 % at the 15 Hz wheel-hop frequency. Practical implementation advantages include compatibility with standard automotive sensors (requiring only accelerometers and displacement sensors), modest computational load (executable on 100 MHz automotive-grade processors), and self-calibrating capability that eliminates manual tuning. These advancements position the framework as an ideal solution for next-generation vehicles, with demonstrated applicability to electric platforms (through regenerative damping integration) and autonomous systems (via V2X communication-enabled predictive adaptation). The research establishes new theoretical foundations for uncertainty management in vehicle dynamics while delivering a commercially viable control strategy validated under realistic operating conditions.

本研究通过开发一种混合鲁棒自适应框架，提出了一种变革性的主动悬架控制方法，该框架协同结合了三种先进技术：μ合成增强H∞控制、模型参考自适应和实时频域优化。新架构克服了传统系统的基本限制，同时解决(i)参数不确定性，通过结构化鲁棒性裕度(μ <；1用于质量/刚度±25%的变化),（ii）通过自适应增益调度的非结构化道路干扰，以及（iii）使用50 ms频谱更新的闭环FFT分析的谐振振动。控制器的双自由度设计引入了突破性的解决方案，其中H∞核心保证稳定性，而自适应模块通过基于李雅普诺夫的参数估计动态调整阻尼比和刚度系数，实现比固定增益替代方案快40%的收敛速度。在iso标准化道路剖面下的综合模拟显示了前所未有的性能：与被动系统相比，悬架行程减少了87.1% (0.113 m至0.015 m)，车身加速度减少了49.3% （6.38m/s²至3.73m/s²），同时能耗比传统H∞系统低18%。频域优化被证明是特别有效的，在关键的1-4 Hz舒适范围内，共振峰幅度降低了62 - 75%，在15 Hz轮跳频率下，共振峰幅度降低了55%。实际实现的优势包括与标准汽车传感器的兼容性（只需要加速度计和位移传感器），适度的计算负载（可在100 MHz汽车级处理器上执行），以及消除手动调整的自校准能力。这些进步使该框架成为下一代汽车的理想解决方案，并证明了其对电动平台（通过再生阻尼集成）和自动系统（通过支持V2X通信的预测适应）的适用性。该研究为车辆动力学的不确定性管理建立了新的理论基础，同时提供了在实际操作条件下验证的商业上可行的控制策略。

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引用次数: 0

Parametric study of permanent magnet eddy current brake considering demagnetization, temperature, edge, and skin effects: Numerical and experimental investigation 考虑退磁、温度、边缘和趋肤效应的永磁涡流制动器参数化研究：数值和实验研究

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100235

Hussein Hassanpour, Salman Ebrahimi-Nejad, Morteza Mollajafari

This paper presents an improved mathematical model and parametric analysis of the developed model for the eddy current brake system using the finite element method. The analytical model is developed to consider terms such as temperature, skin, edge, and demagnetization effects that are neglected in the simplified models of other studies conducted in the literature review. Also, the presented mathematical model has been validated experimentally. In the performance parametric study, the variables related to the rotor and stator, including initial speed, material, diameter, thickness, and moment of inertia of the disk, as well as the position, number, and arrangement of permanent magnets, were investigated. The results of the numerical analysis of the improved model compared to the simple basic model show that the newly developed model is much closer to the experimental study results in terms of the braking torque trend than the simplified model, and its initial and maximum values are 3 and 4 percent more consistent, respectively. Also, the parametric analysis results show that an aluminum disc is better than other selected materials, and increasing the disk’s radius produces more braking torque than increasing its thickness. In the case of the stator, to obtain the maximum amount of braking torque, the best arrangement of permanent magnets is to utilize them on a double side, to use smaller and more magnets than larger and fewer magnets, and to locate them at a distance from the edge of the disk.

本文提出了涡流制动系统的改进数学模型，并用有限元法对所建立的模型进行了参数化分析。该分析模型是为了考虑在文献综述中进行的其他研究的简化模型中忽略的温度、皮肤、边缘和退磁效应等因素而开发的。并通过实验验证了该数学模型的正确性。在性能参数研究中，研究了与转子和定子相关的变量，包括初始转速、材料、圆盘直径、厚度、转动惯量以及永磁体的位置、数量和排列。将改进模型与简单的基本模型进行了数值分析，结果表明，改进模型在制动力矩变化趋势方面比简化模型更接近试验研究结果，其初始值和最大值的一致性分别提高了3%和4%。参数分析结果表明，铝合金制动盘的制动性能优于其他材料，增大制动盘的半径比增大制动盘的厚度产生更大的制动力矩。在定子的情况下，为了获得最大的制动转矩，永磁体的最佳排列是在双面使用永磁体，使用较小和较多的永磁体，而不是较大和较少的永磁体，并将永磁体放置在离磁盘边缘一定距离的位置。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental determination of the recovery factor on cylindrically flow-around temperature sensors Part 2: Determination of the local, tangential surface temperature distribution 圆柱形绕流温度传感器恢复系数的实验测定。第2部分：局部切向表面温度分布的测定

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100210

Andreas Huster , Simon Paymal

It is known in the literature that in the case of compressible fluids, higher values than the fluid temperature are displayed on temperature sensors, among other things due to the accumulation point flow, which is taken into account with the help of the recovery factor. In Part I of this series, the test rig and integral results for the determination of the recovery factor on cross-flowed temperature sensors between 1.5 mm and 8 mm diameter were presented. The Mach number as well as the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers have an influence on the recovery factor. These integral results will be verified by measuring the tangential temperature distribution. For this purpose, a special sensor carrier was developed and moved quickly through the ambient air at different angular positions so that the tangential temperature distribution could be determined. In accordance with the theory, the highest temperature is at the accumulation point with the total temperature and the local recovery factor is 1. The temperature drops continuously to an angle of about 80°. In the wake of the cylinder there is a roughly constant temperature level. If an average value is formed from the measured values of the local recovery factors, a good agreement with the integral results from Part I is obtained.

据文献所知，在可压缩流体的情况下，温度传感器上显示的值高于流体温度，其中包括由于积累点流量，这是借助于采收率系数考虑的。在本系列的第一部分中，介绍了用于测定直径在1.5 mm和8 mm之间的交叉流温度传感器的采收率的测试平台和整体结果。马赫数以及雷诺数和普朗特数对恢复系数都有影响。这些积分结果将通过测量切向温度分布来验证。为此，研制了一种特殊的传感器载体，该载体在环境空气中以不同的角度位置快速移动，从而确定切向温度分布。根据理论，最高温度出现在总温度的积点处，局部采收率为1。温度连续下降到80°左右的角度。在气缸的尾迹处有一个大致恒定的温度水平。如果将局部采收率的实测值形成平均值，则与第一部分的积分结果吻合得很好。

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引用次数: 0

Additive manufacturing: shaping the future of the manufacturing industry – overview of trends, challenges and opportunities 增材制造：塑造制造业的未来——趋势、挑战和机遇概述

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100224

D.E.P. Klenam , F. McBagonluri , T.K. Asumadu , S.A. Osafo , M.O. Bodunrin , L. Agyepong , E.D. Osei , D. Mornah , W.O. Soboyejo

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative approach to the manufacturing mix globally. In this era of overwhelming complexities, tremendous competition and accelerated change, the increasing drive for rapid prototyping has necessitated the deployment of AM technologies and research. Three-dimensional (3D) modelling, 3D scanning and 3D printing have provided the impetus for design of functional and structural components at industrial scale. To contextualize the manufacturing landscape, an overview, and recent trends of conventional (subtractive) manufacturing technologies are discussed briefly. The challenges associated with these subtractive technologies in an increasingly resource constraint and exponential population growth paved the way for massification of AM approaches. Recent advances in AM technologies and applications in healthcare, construction, automotive and aerospace industries are discussed. The milestones, trends, opportunities, and challenges of AM technologies to the nascent technological landscape of Africa are also discussed. This review identifies AM as a pivotal enabler of Africa Union’s Agenda 2063, offering actionable pathways to overcome persistent challenges in industrial diversification, youth unemployment, and technological self-sufficiency. By leveraging localized AM applications and digital workflows, scalable solutions for sustainable development and manufacturing sovereignty can be realized with implications in leapfrogging the industrialization aspirations of Africa.

增材制造（AM）是全球制造组合的一种创新方法。在这个压倒性的复杂性，巨大的竞争和加速变化的时代，对快速原型的日益增长的动力使得AM技术和研究的部署成为必要。三维（3D）建模、3D扫描和3D打印为工业规模的功能和结构部件的设计提供了动力。为了使制造业的环境，概述和传统（减法）制造技术的最新趋势进行了简要讨论。在资源日益紧张和人口指数增长的情况下，与这些减法技术相关的挑战为增材制造方法的规模化铺平了道路。讨论了增材制造技术的最新进展以及在医疗保健、建筑、汽车和航空航天工业中的应用。还讨论了增材制造技术对非洲新兴技术前景的里程碑、趋势、机遇和挑战。本综述认为，AM是非洲联盟《2063年议程》的关键推动者，为克服工业多样化、青年失业和技术自给自足方面的持续挑战提供了可行途径。通过利用本地化的增材制造应用程序和数字工作流程，可以实现可持续发展和制造业主权的可扩展解决方案，从而实现非洲跨越式工业化愿望。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and performance analysis of a pneumatic steering system to enhance maneuverability in T-55 Armored Vehicles 提高T-55装甲车机动性能的气动转向系统建模与性能分析

IF 2.2 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Applications in engineering science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apples.2025.100232

Lemma Nigussie, Kumlachew Yeneneh

This study presents the development and analysis of a pneumatic steering mechanism for the T-55 tank, addressing challenges inherent in traditional manual systems. These systems require excessive physical effort due to high resistance in linkages, leading to operator fatigue and reduced maneuverability. The proposed mechanism integrates a pneumatic cylinder and “rocker arm to convert linear motion into precise rotational control, enhancing steering performance and driver comfort. The design leverages compressed air as a lightweight, safe, and responsive medium, ensuring adaptability to diverse operational conditions. Structural analysis via finite element methods (FEA) confirmed the mechanism’s durability, with the rocker arm exhibiting a maximum von Mises stress of 46 MPa, well below the material’s yield strength of 200 MPa. Fatigue analysis further demonstrated the mechanism’s capacity to endure over one million load cycles, ensuring long-term reliability. Dynamic simulations using MSC.ADAMS validated the system’s performance. The piston stroke, ranging from 0 to 150 mm, allowed precise control of steering linkages. Motion analysis confirmed a free travel distance of 132.5 mm, aligning with practical requirements for T-55 steering systems. The pneumatic system also reduced operator effort by over 50% compared to manual systems, significantly improving operational efficiency. Compared to traditional systems, the pneumatic mechanism enhances maneuverability, enabling smooth directional changes in challenging terrains while reducing driver strain. Its modular design facilitates seamless integration with existing tank frameworks, minimizing modifications. This work demonstrates the potential of pneumatic systems to modernize tracked vehicle steering mechanisms, providing enhanced agility, reliability, and safety. The findings ensure that tanks like the T-55 remain highly effective in modern combat scenarios.

本研究提出了T-55坦克气动转向机构的开发和分析，解决了传统手动系统固有的挑战。由于连杆的高阻力，这些系统需要过多的体力，导致操作人员疲劳和可操作性降低。所提出的机构集成了一个气缸和摇臂，将直线运动转化为精确的旋转控制，提高了转向性能和驾驶舒适性。该设计充分利用了压缩空气作为一种轻便、安全、反应灵敏的介质，确保了对各种操作条件的适应性。通过有限元方法（FEA）进行的结构分析证实了该机构的耐久性，摇臂的最大冯米塞斯应力为46 MPa，远低于材料的200 MPa屈服强度。疲劳分析进一步证明了该机构承受超过一百万次载荷循环的能力，确保了长期的可靠性。动态模拟使用MSC。ADAMS验证了系统的性能。活塞行程范围从0到150毫米，可以精确控制转向连杆。运动分析证实自由移动距离为132.5毫米，符合T-55转向系统的实际要求。与手动系统相比，气动系统还减少了操作人员50%以上的工作量，显著提高了操作效率。与传统系统相比，气动机构提高了机动性，在具有挑战性的地形中实现了平稳的方向变化，同时减少了驾驶员的压力。其模块化设计有助于与现有储罐框架无缝集成，最大限度地减少修改。这项工作证明了气动系统在现代化履带式车辆转向机制方面的潜力，提供了更高的灵活性、可靠性和安全性。这些发现确保了像T-55这样的坦克在现代战斗场景中仍然非常有效。

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