Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4817
I. Weremczuk-Jeżyna, Liwia Lebelt, D. Piotrowska, W. Gonciarz, M. Chmiela, Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
Dracocephalum forrestii is a medicinal plant growing in China. The aim of the present study was to large-scale cultivation of D. forrestii transformed shoots in a temporary immersion system based on previously-optimized Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L N-benzyl-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-adenine (BPA) and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and physical (under blue LED) conditions. Shoot proliferation, and biomass and secondary metabolite accumulation in the shoots were assessed after a three-week growth period in a RITA® bioreactor. The levels of polyphenols in four types of extract (hydromethanolic extracts – mixtures with a 20%, 50%, and 80% methanol content and infusion) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Within three weeks, the culture increased its biomass 283-fold, with a proliferation ratio of 40.5 shoots or/and buds per explants. The most efficient solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds from raw material turned out to be 80% methanol solution; the highest polyphenol content was 40 mg/g DW (dry weight) with acacetin rhamnosyl-trihexoside (12.97 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (10.68 mg/g DW) predominating. The intensive growth of the biomass of the culture allowed 570 mg of polyphenolic compounds to be obtained per liter of the medium. The antioxidant potential of extract of D. forrestii shoots was evaluated using three free radical-scavenging tests, and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay. In the study, the cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal potentials of the extract were also determined.
{"title":"The optimization growth of Dracocephalum forrestii in RITA® bioreactor, and preliminary screening of the biological activity of the polyphenol rich extract","authors":"I. Weremczuk-Jeżyna, Liwia Lebelt, D. Piotrowska, W. Gonciarz, M. Chmiela, Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4817","url":null,"abstract":"Dracocephalum forrestii is a medicinal plant growing in China. The aim of the present study was to large-scale cultivation of D. forrestii transformed shoots in a temporary immersion system based on previously-optimized Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L N-benzyl-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-adenine (BPA) and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and physical (under blue LED) conditions. Shoot proliferation, and biomass and secondary metabolite accumulation in the shoots were assessed after a three-week growth period in a RITA® bioreactor. The levels of polyphenols in four types of extract (hydromethanolic extracts – mixtures with a 20%, 50%, and 80% methanol content and infusion) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Within three weeks, the culture increased its biomass 283-fold, with a proliferation ratio of 40.5 shoots or/and buds per explants. The most efficient solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds from raw material turned out to be 80% methanol solution; the highest polyphenol content was 40 mg/g DW (dry weight) with acacetin rhamnosyl-trihexoside (12.97 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (10.68 mg/g DW) predominating. The intensive growth of the biomass of the culture allowed 570 mg of polyphenolic compounds to be obtained per liter of the medium. The antioxidant potential of extract of D. forrestii shoots was evaluated using three free radical-scavenging tests, and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay. In the study, the cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal potentials of the extract were also determined.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4913
M. Chrząszcz, K. Dos Santos Szewczyk, A. Dąbrowska, D. Tchórzewska
The present study of Knautia drymeia and K. macedonica is in line with the current trend of searching for new plant species that can potentially be used as medicinal herb materials. A comparative analysis of the morphological and anatomical structure of both species was performed together with the distribution of polyphenolic compounds, which was correlated with the tissue structure of plant organs. Quantitative phytochemical analyses were performed to supplement the biophysical analyses. Both species had a similar morphological, anatomical, and histological structure. Polyphenolic compounds were accumulated in the parenchyma tissue in an organ-specific mode, mainly in the leaves. The phytochemical analyses revealed organ- and species-dependent variations in the polyphenol content. Thus, the highest polyphenol amount was observed in the leaves, with equal levels of total polyphenols and phenolic acids in the leaves of K. macedonica and K. drymeia, respectively. The present study integrates morphological/histological analyses with investigations of the biotechnological/pharmaceutical potential of the studied plants and constitutes an innovative and holistic approach to the current research problem.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the biotechnological potential of Knautia drymeia Heuff. and K. macedonica Griseb","authors":"M. Chrząszcz, K. Dos Santos Szewczyk, A. Dąbrowska, D. Tchórzewska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4913","url":null,"abstract":"The present study of Knautia drymeia and K. macedonica is in line with the current trend of searching for new plant species that can potentially be used as medicinal herb materials. A comparative analysis of the morphological and anatomical structure of both species was performed together with the distribution of polyphenolic compounds, which was correlated with the tissue structure of plant organs. Quantitative phytochemical analyses were performed to supplement the biophysical analyses. Both species had a similar morphological, anatomical, and histological structure. Polyphenolic compounds were accumulated in the parenchyma tissue in an organ-specific mode, mainly in the leaves. The phytochemical analyses revealed organ- and species-dependent variations in the polyphenol content. Thus, the highest polyphenol amount was observed in the leaves, with equal levels of total polyphenols and phenolic acids in the leaves of K. macedonica and K. drymeia, respectively. The present study integrates morphological/histological analyses with investigations of the biotechnological/pharmaceutical potential of the studied plants and constitutes an innovative and holistic approach to the current research problem.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43011428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4492
A. Wojdyła, M. Ptaszek, A. Jarecka-Boncela
In the protection of heathers against shoot dieback caused by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, the highest percentage effectiveness of 92.6% to 100% was found on plants sprayed 12 times every 7 days with the active substances: iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid and trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnical agents containing: microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, with an efficacy of 76.9% to 100%. The active substances like chlorothalonil, fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, as well as microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp also stimulated plant growth. Heather plants sprayed with these agents and also those sprayed with cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate were found to produce the highest number of new shoots. An increase in the fresh weight of the aboveground parts of the heather plants of more than 55.7% compared with the control plants was found after spraying the plants with the active substances such as: fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnological agents containing microcrystalline chitosan extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate. Similarly, the highest average dry weight of the aboveground parts was found after the application of these agents.
{"title":"Fungicides and biotechnical agents in the protection of heathers against Pestalotiopsis sydowiana and their influence on plant growth","authors":"A. Wojdyła, M. Ptaszek, A. Jarecka-Boncela","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4492","url":null,"abstract":"In the protection of heathers against shoot dieback caused by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, the highest percentage effectiveness of 92.6% to 100% was found on plants sprayed 12 times every 7 days with the active substances: iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid and trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnical agents containing: microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, with an efficacy of 76.9% to 100%. The active substances like chlorothalonil, fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, as well as microcrystalline chitosan and extract from grapefruit seed and pulp also stimulated plant growth. Heather plants sprayed with these agents and also those sprayed with cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate were found to produce the highest number of new shoots. An increase in the fresh weight of the aboveground parts of the heather plants of more than 55.7% compared with the control plants was found after spraying the plants with the active substances such as: fluopyram + trifloxystrobin, iprodione, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, trifloxystrobin and with the biotechnological agents containing microcrystalline chitosan extract from grapefruit seed and pulp, and potassium carbonate + monopotassium phosphate. Similarly, the highest average dry weight of the aboveground parts was found after the application of these agents.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehboob Alam, Sajid Ali, S. T. Shah, Zawar Hussain, Liaqat Ali, A. Rab, A. Muhammad, S. Jadoon, Masood Ahmad, Imran Ahmad
Persimmon is a climacteric fruit and very perishable. Changes in several physiological attributes greatly affect its quality and market value. The current study was designed to assess the effect of chitosan solution (an edible coating material that can improve postharvest performance) on physico-chemical attributes of persimmon fruit during storage. Persimmon fruits were harvested, cleaned and then dipped in various chitosan concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) for 5, 10 and 15 min. The treated fruits were stored at 25–29°C, 55–70% RH for 28 days. Results indicated that fruits coated with 3% chitosan solution had maximum volume, firmness, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and minimum juice, TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, decay incidence and weight loss. Similarly, the performance was better in fruits dipped for 15 min. It was concluded that persimmon fruits dipped in 3% chitosan solution for 15 min could improve its postharvest performance when stored under ambient condition.
{"title":"Effect of chitosan on post-harvest shelf life of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.)","authors":"Mehboob Alam, Sajid Ali, S. T. Shah, Zawar Hussain, Liaqat Ali, A. Rab, A. Muhammad, S. Jadoon, Masood Ahmad, Imran Ahmad","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.727","url":null,"abstract":"Persimmon is a climacteric fruit and very perishable. Changes in several physiological attributes greatly affect its quality and market value. The current study was designed to assess the effect of chitosan solution (an edible coating material that can improve postharvest performance) on physico-chemical attributes of persimmon fruit during storage. Persimmon fruits were harvested, cleaned and then dipped in various chitosan concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) for 5, 10 and 15 min. The treated fruits were stored at 25–29°C, 55–70% RH for 28 days. Results indicated that fruits coated with 3% chitosan solution had maximum volume, firmness, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and minimum juice, TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, decay incidence and weight loss. Similarly, the performance was better in fruits dipped for 15 min. It was concluded that persimmon fruits dipped in 3% chitosan solution for 15 min could improve its postharvest performance when stored under ambient condition.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44692286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4798
M. Güneri, Z. Dalkılıç
Rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) – RL, is used as a rootstock for citrus plants in saline conditions. NaCl causes an osmotic stress on plants mainly preventing the water uptake by the roots and thus reducing the plant growth. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on germination of seeds and the growth and development of seedlings of RL rootstock under salt stress. For seed germination, a study was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (SA at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mM and NaCl at 0, 50, 100, or 200 mM) with 4 repetitions, totaling 64 plots, of 25 seeds per plot. RL seeds were incubated in SA solutions for 24 h. Then, they were treated with NaCl-containing water in Petri dishes and incubated in the growth chamber at 25°C. For greenhouse experiment, a study was conducted in a randomized complete block in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (SA at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mM and NaCl at 0, 50, 100, or 150 mM) with 3 repetitions, totaling 48 plots, of 2 plants per plot. Some morphological and physiological characteristics were determined. While germination time was extended, germination ratio and radicle extension were decreased in seeds under salt stress compared to control. Moreover, in these conditions the leaf membrane permeability and leaf falling were increased. In turn, plant height, diameter, root and shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content, and leaf chlorophyll were decreased in seedlings. Salt stress had negatively affected seed germination from 97.5% in control to 23.5% in 200 mM NaCl. However, SA treatments significantly decreased plant height to 67.8 cm in 2.0 mM compared to 80.1 cm in control in RL rootstock.
粗柠檬(Citrus jambhiri Lush.) - RL，在盐水条件下用作柑橘植物的砧木。NaCl对植株造成渗透胁迫，主要是阻止根系对水分的吸收，从而降低植株的生长。研究了盐胁迫下水杨酸(SA)对RL砧木种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响。对于种子萌发，采用4 × 4因子完全随机设计(SA为0.00、0.25、0.50或1.00 mM, NaCl为0、50、100或200 mM)，共4次重复，共64块，每块25颗种子。将RL种子在SA溶液中孵育24 h，然后在培养皿中用含nacl的水处理，在25℃的生长室中孵育。在温室试验中，采用4 × 4因子方案(SA为0.0、0.5、1.0或2.0 mM, NaCl为0、50、100或150 mM)，采用3次重复，共48块，每块2株。测定了一些形态和生理特征。随着萌发时间的延长，盐胁迫下种子的发芽率和胚根伸长均较对照降低。此外，在这些条件下，叶片膜透性和叶片脱落增加。幼苗株高、株径、根冠干重、叶片相对含水量和叶片叶绿素含量依次降低。在200 mM NaCl处理下，盐胁迫对种子萌发的影响从97.5%下降到23.5%。然而，与对照80.1 cm相比，SA处理显著降低了RL砧木2.0 mM株高67.8 cm。
{"title":"Effects of salicylic acid application on germination, growth and development of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) under salt stress","authors":"M. Güneri, Z. Dalkılıç","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4798","url":null,"abstract":"Rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) – RL, is used as a rootstock for citrus plants in saline conditions. NaCl causes an osmotic stress on plants mainly preventing the water uptake by the roots and thus reducing the plant growth. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on germination of seeds and the growth and development of seedlings of RL rootstock under salt stress. For seed germination, a study was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (SA at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mM and NaCl at 0, 50, 100, or 200 mM) with 4 repetitions, totaling 64 plots, of 25 seeds per plot. RL seeds were incubated in SA solutions for 24 h. Then, they were treated with NaCl-containing water in Petri dishes and incubated in the growth chamber at 25°C. For greenhouse experiment, a study was conducted in a randomized complete block in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (SA at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mM and NaCl at 0, 50, 100, or 150 mM) with 3 repetitions, totaling 48 plots, of 2 plants per plot. Some morphological and physiological characteristics were determined. While germination time was extended, germination ratio and radicle extension were decreased in seeds under salt stress compared to control. Moreover, in these conditions the leaf membrane permeability and leaf falling were increased. In turn, plant height, diameter, root and shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content, and leaf chlorophyll were decreased in seedlings. Salt stress had negatively affected seed germination from 97.5% in control to 23.5% in 200 mM NaCl. However, SA treatments significantly decreased plant height to 67.8 cm in 2.0 mM compared to 80.1 cm in control in RL rootstock.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4503
S. Goławska, I. Łukasik, A. Goławski
Aphis fabae Scop. is phloem-feeding insect that cause substantial damage to horticulare and agriculture worldwide due to feeding – related damage and the transmission of economically important plant viruses. These aphids cause a detrimental effects in attacked organs, like depletion of photoassimilates. Insect feeding can among others reduced chlorophyll catabolism. In the present investigations we determined the chlorophyll a and b levels (SPAD readings) in uninfested leaves and in Aphis fabae-infested leaves of Viburnum opulus shrubs, wild plants and garden variety, which were grown in green areas around Siedlce, east central Poland. Feeding by A. fabae affected chlorophyll a + b level. The insect feeding reduces the concentration of photosynthetic pigment in the infested shrubs. The level of chlorophyll in plants occupied by aphids was clearly lower than the level in plants where aphids were not found. We also found that chlorophyll levels increased with the progress of growing season, the level of chlorophyll differed between date of survey, being higher for the latest survey (mid-June) and that the place where the plant is located is important, wild V. opulus have slightly more level of chlorophyll compared to garden ones. Chlorophyll level might be useful as an indicator of plant responses to aphid damage.
{"title":"Black bean aphid populations and chlorophyll composition changes as responses of guelder rose to aphid infestation stress conditions","authors":"S. Goławska, I. Łukasik, A. Goławski","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4503","url":null,"abstract":"Aphis fabae Scop. is phloem-feeding insect that cause substantial damage to horticulare and agriculture worldwide due to feeding – related damage and the transmission of economically important plant viruses. These aphids cause a detrimental effects in attacked organs, like depletion of photoassimilates. Insect feeding can among others reduced chlorophyll catabolism. In the present investigations we determined the chlorophyll a and b levels (SPAD readings) in uninfested leaves and in Aphis fabae-infested leaves of Viburnum opulus shrubs, wild plants and garden variety, which were grown in green areas around Siedlce, east central Poland. Feeding by A. fabae affected chlorophyll a + b level. The insect feeding reduces the concentration of photosynthetic pigment in the infested shrubs. The level of chlorophyll in plants occupied by aphids was clearly lower than the level in plants where aphids were not found. We also found that chlorophyll levels increased with the progress of growing season, the level of chlorophyll differed between date of survey, being higher for the latest survey (mid-June) and that the place where the plant is located is important, wild V. opulus have slightly more level of chlorophyll compared to garden ones. Chlorophyll level might be useful as an indicator of plant responses to aphid damage.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4566
Ersin Demir
The present study examines the fatty acid composition, phytochemicals content and antioxidant potential of Smilax excelsa L. shoots, which grows spontaneously and is consumed as food in rural areas of Düzce (Türkiye) province, was investigated. DPPH, ABTS and OH radical scavenging tests were utilized to put forth the antiradical properties of the extracts of this plant. In addition, the metal chelating potential of this plant was also evaluated. The higher the inhibition % value calculated in these tests, the higher the antioxidant activity was considered and the results were evaluated. The average ABTS radical cleaning test results of Smilax excelsa extracts prepared in different concentrations of methanol, ethanol and pure water were found to be 98.14%, 98.16%, 90.20%, respectively. The average DPPH radical cleaning test results of the extracts of this plant prepared in different concentrations of methanol, ethanol and pure water were determined as 87.48%, 76%, 46.53%, respectively. The OH radical cleaning test results of methanol, ethanol and pure water extracts of the Smilax excelsa were determined as 54.79%, 72.54%, none, respectively. In addition, the metal chelation test results of methanol, ethanol and pure water extracts of this plant were determined as 87.26%, 89.36%, 53.70%. The highest protein (85.91 mg BSA/g), proanthocyanidin (55.39 mg CE/g) and phenolic (4957.57 μg GAE/g) content of Smilax excelsa pure water extract was determined. It has been determined that gallic acid (117.33 μg/g), vanillic acid (33.89 μg/g), caffeic acid (4.55 μg/g), ferulic acid (93.78 μg/g), rosmarinic acid (0.33 μg/g) and hydrocynamic acid (0.33 μg/g) are found in different proportions in the Smilax excelsa. It has been stated that Smilax excelsa is an important source of palmitic acid (20.52%), stearic acid (4.95%), oleic acid (4.74%), linoleic acid (20.99%), γ-linolenic acid (2.26%), alpha-linolenic acid (34.29%) and docosahexaenoic acid (2.79%). It has been found that this plant has a low content of fat-soluble vitamins and phytosterols, with the exception of β-sitosterol (6.43μg/g).
{"title":"The fatty acid composition, phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of wild edible Smilax excelsa L. shoots.","authors":"Ersin Demir","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4566","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the fatty acid composition, phytochemicals content and antioxidant potential of Smilax excelsa L. shoots, which grows spontaneously and is consumed as food in rural areas of Düzce (Türkiye) province, was investigated. DPPH, ABTS and OH radical scavenging tests were utilized to put forth the antiradical properties of the extracts of this plant. In addition, the metal chelating potential of this plant was also evaluated. The higher the inhibition % value calculated in these tests, the higher the antioxidant activity was considered and the results were evaluated. The average ABTS radical cleaning test results of Smilax excelsa extracts prepared in different concentrations of methanol, ethanol and pure water were found to be 98.14%, 98.16%, 90.20%, respectively. The average DPPH radical cleaning test results of the extracts of this plant prepared in different concentrations of methanol, ethanol and pure water were determined as 87.48%, 76%, 46.53%, respectively. The OH radical cleaning test results of methanol, ethanol and pure water extracts of the Smilax excelsa were determined as 54.79%, 72.54%, none, respectively. In addition, the metal chelation test results of methanol, ethanol and pure water extracts of this plant were determined as 87.26%, 89.36%, 53.70%. The highest protein (85.91 mg BSA/g), proanthocyanidin (55.39 mg CE/g) and phenolic (4957.57 μg GAE/g) content of Smilax excelsa pure water extract was determined. It has been determined that gallic acid (117.33 μg/g), vanillic acid (33.89 μg/g), caffeic acid (4.55 μg/g), ferulic acid (93.78 μg/g), rosmarinic acid (0.33 μg/g) and hydrocynamic acid (0.33 μg/g) are found in different proportions in the Smilax excelsa. It has been stated that Smilax excelsa is an important source of palmitic acid (20.52%), stearic acid (4.95%), oleic acid (4.74%), linoleic acid (20.99%), γ-linolenic acid (2.26%), alpha-linolenic acid (34.29%) and docosahexaenoic acid (2.79%). It has been found that this plant has a low content of fat-soluble vitamins and phytosterols, with the exception of β-sitosterol (6.43μg/g).","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43540482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4807
Betül Tan, Emrah Kuş, K. Tan, E. Gülsoy, D. Alwazeer
Shalakh (Aprikoz), the most common table apricot cultivar grown in Iğdır province of Turkey, is known for its delicious taste, large volume, high water content, and short shelf life. This study aimed to determine optimal harvest time of cv. Shalakh apricot by measuring some significant physical and chemical parameters. Fruits were collected periodically at interval of 7 day during the study period. Weight, length, width, thickness, sphericity, color, color indices, soluble solids content, pH, firmness, elasticity, phenolic content (gallic acid and catechin) and organic acids (citric acid and ascorbic acid) were evaluated. Weight, length, width, thickness and sphericity traits increased gradually and reached the highest levels at 10th week after the full bloom. Color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, h° and ΔE), hardness, elasticity and organic acids indicated the optimal harvest time of cv. Shalakh of 10th week after the full bloom. Unlike previous studies, SSC and pH didn’t show clear information for harvest time.
{"title":"Determination of optimum harvest time and physical and chemical quality properties of Shalakh (Aprikoz) apricot cultivar during fruit ripening","authors":"Betül Tan, Emrah Kuş, K. Tan, E. Gülsoy, D. Alwazeer","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4807","url":null,"abstract":"Shalakh (Aprikoz), the most common table apricot cultivar grown in Iğdır province of Turkey, is known for its delicious taste, large volume, high water content, and short shelf life. This study aimed to determine optimal harvest time of cv. Shalakh apricot by measuring some significant physical and chemical parameters. Fruits were collected periodically at interval of 7 day during the study period. Weight, length, width, thickness, sphericity, color, color indices, soluble solids content, pH, firmness, elasticity, phenolic content (gallic acid and catechin) and organic acids (citric acid and ascorbic acid) were evaluated. Weight, length, width, thickness and sphericity traits increased gradually and reached the highest levels at 10th week after the full bloom. Color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, h° and ΔE), hardness, elasticity and organic acids indicated the optimal harvest time of cv. Shalakh of 10th week after the full bloom. Unlike previous studies, SSC and pH didn’t show clear information for harvest time.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47039847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4621
H. Dębski, J. Mitrus, Justyna Góraj-Koniarska, Joanna Szablińska-Piernik, M. Saniewski, M. Horbowicz
The present study describes changes in fatty acid (FA) composition in Ginkgo biloba leaves subjected to senescence and to senescence induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Green leaves were treated with MeJA in lanoline on the abaxial or adaxial side of the leaf blades. After three weeks of treatment, leaf blades and petioles were collected separately for FA analyses. Additionally, petioles and leaf blades were sampled for analyses before the experiment and after 6 weeks when leaf senescence was occurring. Linolenic (C18:3) and palmitic (C16:0) acids appeared to be the quantitatively most abundant FA in leaf blades and petioles of G. biloba. Both leaf senescence and that induced by MeJA caused a decrease in unsaturated FA content, especially linolenic (C18:3). However, the decrease in C18:3 acid in both leaf blades and petioles was greater when MeJA was applied to the abaxial side than when it was applied to the adaxial side of leaves or during senescence. At the same time, saturated FA content increased, resulting in a significant decrease in the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated FA. Since leaf fatty acids occur mainly as components of cell membranes, changes in their composition may have a crucial effect on membrane function and stability, as pointed out in the discussion of the results.
{"title":"The changes in fatty acid profile during senescence and methyl jasmonate-induced senescence of Ginkgo biloba leaves","authors":"H. Dębski, J. Mitrus, Justyna Góraj-Koniarska, Joanna Szablińska-Piernik, M. Saniewski, M. Horbowicz","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4621","url":null,"abstract":"The present study describes changes in fatty acid (FA) composition in Ginkgo biloba leaves subjected to senescence and to senescence induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Green leaves were treated with MeJA in lanoline on the abaxial or adaxial side of the leaf blades. After three weeks of treatment, leaf blades and petioles were collected separately for FA analyses. Additionally, petioles and leaf blades were sampled for analyses before the experiment and after 6 weeks when leaf senescence was occurring. Linolenic (C18:3) and palmitic (C16:0) acids appeared to be the quantitatively most abundant FA in leaf blades and petioles of G. biloba. Both leaf senescence and that induced by MeJA caused a decrease in unsaturated FA content, especially linolenic (C18:3). However, the decrease in C18:3 acid in both leaf blades and petioles was greater when MeJA was applied to the abaxial side than when it was applied to the adaxial side of leaves or during senescence. At the same time, saturated FA content increased, resulting in a significant decrease in the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated FA. Since leaf fatty acids occur mainly as components of cell membranes, changes in their composition may have a crucial effect on membrane function and stability, as pointed out in the discussion of the results.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41966585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4580
Fatemeh Raouf Haghparvar, D. Hashemabadi, B. Kaviani
African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is one of the most well-known ornamental, medicinal and edible flowers in the world. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 20 treatments in 3 replications, 60 plots and 5 plants per plot were conducted in order to investigate the effect of amino acids on growth, nutritional parameters and antioxidant capacity in African marigold. Experimental treatments included two cultivars of African marigold (‘Yellow’ and ‘Orange’) and foliar application of three amino acids (arginine, glutamine and proline) each one at three levels (100, 500 and 1000 μM). Distilled water was used as control. The results showed that the application of amino acids increased plant height, display life, fresh weight and dry matter of flower, leaf total chlorophyll and petal carotenoid compared to the control in both African marigold cultivars. Petal protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) were not affected by the above treatments, but the use of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, increased proline and calcium, zinc and iron in the petals of both African marigold cultivars. Treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline induced the highest vitamin C in both African marigold cultivars. In ‘Orange’ cultivar, the highest enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) belonged to 1000 μM proline and the highest peroxidase (POD) activity belonged to two treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline. In ‘Yellow’ cultivar, all three levels of arginine and proline together with 1000 μM glutamine significantly increased SOD and POD activity compared to other treatments. Also, the highest APX enzyme activity was recorded for 100 μM arginine. The results of the present study showed that external application of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, improved the nutritional properties of both African marigold cultivars by increasing the activity of antioxidants.
{"title":"The effect of foliar application of amino acids on some nutritional properties, antioxidant capacity and some other physiologic parameters of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), Taishan ‘Yellow’ and ‘Orange’","authors":"Fatemeh Raouf Haghparvar, D. Hashemabadi, B. Kaviani","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4580","url":null,"abstract":"African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is one of the most well-known ornamental, medicinal and edible flowers in the world. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 20 treatments in 3 replications, 60 plots and 5 plants per plot were conducted in order to investigate the effect of amino acids on growth, nutritional parameters and antioxidant capacity in African marigold. Experimental treatments included two cultivars of African marigold (‘Yellow’ and ‘Orange’) and foliar application of three amino acids (arginine, glutamine and proline) each one at three levels (100, 500 and 1000 μM). Distilled water was used as control. The results showed that the application of amino acids increased plant height, display life, fresh weight and dry matter of flower, leaf total chlorophyll and petal carotenoid compared to the control in both African marigold cultivars. Petal protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) were not affected by the above treatments, but the use of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, increased proline and calcium, zinc and iron in the petals of both African marigold cultivars. Treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline induced the highest vitamin C in both African marigold cultivars. In ‘Orange’ cultivar, the highest enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) belonged to 1000 μM proline and the highest peroxidase (POD) activity belonged to two treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline. In ‘Yellow’ cultivar, all three levels of arginine and proline together with 1000 μM glutamine significantly increased SOD and POD activity compared to other treatments. Also, the highest APX enzyme activity was recorded for 100 μM arginine. The results of the present study showed that external application of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, improved the nutritional properties of both African marigold cultivars by increasing the activity of antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68917541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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