Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4117
M. A. Ahmed, A. Alebidi, Rashid Al-Obeed, A. Omar
The present study was conducted during the two successive seasons, 2017 and 2018, at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the effects of foliar sprays on Ziziphus jujuba trees by yeast extract at 1% and 2% and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 1% and 2%. All treatments were foliar applied twice (December 15–January 15) in both seasons. Yield and fruit quality were studied. Treatments significantly improved yield, physical fruit and fruit chemical characteristics, moisture content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll by most tested treatments in both seasons than the control (water only). Yeast spray treatments significantly decreased juice content vitamin C (mg/100 g), while KNO3 spray treatments increased juice content vitamin C in both seasons. It can be concluded that foliar application with KNO3 at 2% recorded the best treatment to obtain the highest yield, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit length and fruit diameter, while yeast extract at 2% treatment gave the highest TSS% and total sugar contents in this study.
{"title":"Effect of foliar spray of yeast extract and potassium nitrate on yield and fruit quality on Ziziphus jujuba L. trees","authors":"M. A. Ahmed, A. Alebidi, Rashid Al-Obeed, A. Omar","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4117","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted during the two successive seasons, 2017 and 2018, at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the effects of foliar sprays on Ziziphus jujuba trees by yeast extract at 1% and 2% and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 1% and 2%. All treatments were foliar applied twice (December 15–January 15) in both seasons. Yield and fruit quality were studied. Treatments significantly improved yield, physical fruit and fruit chemical characteristics, moisture content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll by most tested treatments in both seasons than the control (water only). Yeast spray treatments significantly decreased juice content vitamin C (mg/100 g), while KNO3 spray treatments increased juice content vitamin C in both seasons. It can be concluded that foliar application with KNO3 at 2% recorded the best treatment to obtain the highest yield, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit length and fruit diameter, while yeast extract at 2% treatment gave the highest TSS% and total sugar contents in this study.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43560179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4577
T. Eryiğit, B. Yildirim, K. Ekici
Juniper species are especially used in traditional medicine due to their analgesic, diuretic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and liver-protective effects. The goal of the present study was to investigate the chemical compounds, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of essential oil of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb., a species of juniper with a large spread area in Turkey. Essential oils were extracted by the hydro-distillation method. The components of the hydro distilled oil samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the study, the essential oil was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains consisting of two Gram (+) and four Gram (–) by the agar disc diffusion method. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the oil were determined by TEAC/ABTS+ free radical scavenging assay. As a result, there were 27 compounds in the essential oil of J. excelsa. Of the 27 essential oil components identified, α-pinene (40.59%), α-cedrol (18.15%), β-myrcene (4.53%), and limonene (3.84%) were determined as the main components in total 91.54% of the essential oil. As a result, it was observed that the examined juniper essential oil showed a weak but effective antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains compared to the control agents, and also, the examined oil had low but valuable antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. leaves from Türkiye","authors":"T. Eryiğit, B. Yildirim, K. Ekici","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4577","url":null,"abstract":"Juniper species are especially used in traditional medicine due to their analgesic, diuretic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and liver-protective effects. The goal of the present study was to investigate the chemical compounds, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of essential oil of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb., a species of juniper with a large spread area in Turkey. Essential oils were extracted by the hydro-distillation method. The components of the hydro distilled oil samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the study, the essential oil was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains consisting of two Gram (+) and four Gram (–) by the agar disc diffusion method. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the oil were determined by TEAC/ABTS+ free radical scavenging assay. As a result, there were 27 compounds in the essential oil of J. excelsa. Of the 27 essential oil components identified, α-pinene (40.59%), α-cedrol (18.15%), β-myrcene (4.53%), and limonene (3.84%) were determined as the main components in total 91.54% of the essential oil. As a result, it was observed that the examined juniper essential oil showed a weak but effective antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains compared to the control agents, and also, the examined oil had low but valuable antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44001273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4568
Ilyas Deligoz
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most destructive viruses that affect pepper all over the world. Using resistant varieties is one of the most effective ways to control the virus. Identification of new resistance sources is essential for the development of resistant cultivars. In the present study, the reactions of 50 Capsicum genotypes (25 Capsicum baccatum, 15 C. annuum and 10 C. frutescens) were determined against CMV-Sa isolate with mechanical inoculation under controlled conditions in 2020. A 0–4 disease rating scale was used to analyze the genotypes, and the genotypes were categorized as resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible based on disease incidence and disease severity scores. The findings revealed that there were significant (p < 0.01) differences in disease incidence and severity among genotypes. The study demonstrated that one of the 25 tested C. baccatum genotypes (KTB-11) found to be resistant, and three genotypes (KTB-29, KTB-34, KTB-57 and KTB-72) were rated as moderately resistant to CMV. However, it was determined that all tested C. frutescens and C. annuum genotypes were susceptible to CMV. The genotypes identified as resistant and moderately resistant can be used as a source of resistance in pepper breeding studies.
{"title":"Evaluation of capsicum genotypes for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus","authors":"Ilyas Deligoz","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4568","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most destructive viruses that affect pepper all over the world. Using resistant varieties is one of the most effective ways to control the virus. Identification of new resistance sources is essential for the development of resistant cultivars. In the present study, the reactions of 50 Capsicum genotypes (25 Capsicum baccatum, 15 C. annuum and 10 C. frutescens) were determined against CMV-Sa isolate with mechanical inoculation under controlled conditions in 2020. A 0–4 disease rating scale was used to analyze the genotypes, and the genotypes were categorized as resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible based on disease incidence and disease severity scores. The findings revealed that there were significant (p < 0.01) differences in disease incidence and severity among genotypes. The study demonstrated that one of the 25 tested C. baccatum genotypes (KTB-11) found to be resistant, and three genotypes (KTB-29, KTB-34, KTB-57 and KTB-72) were rated as moderately resistant to CMV. However, it was determined that all tested C. frutescens and C. annuum genotypes were susceptible to CMV. The genotypes identified as resistant and moderately resistant can be used as a source of resistance in pepper breeding studies.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4330
Shima Rahmanian Kooshkaki, Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi, Mehdi Hosseinifarahi
To investigate the effect of substrate, organic matter, and salinity on the amount of essential oil and active ingredients of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Based on the results, the highest percentage of essential oil was observed in the combined substrate of arable soil + compost + vermicompost. The highest percentages of compounds including Trans-carveol, Isoborneol, and Carvacrol acetate were observed in the salinity of 80 mM in the combined substrate of arable soil + compost + vermicompost. The highest percentage of compounds including citronellol and γ-Terpinene were recorded under compost substrate. In the control and with a combined substrate of arable soil + compost, the highest percentage of compounds, including 1,3,8,-P-menthatriene was observed. Application of HA could increase the main constituents, including Trans-carveol, γ-Terpinene, Isoborneol, Citronellol, and Carvacrol acetate in lemon balm.
采用完全随机设计的析因试验，研究基质、有机质和盐度对香蜂草挥发油和有效成分含量的影响。结果表明，土壤+堆肥+蚯蚓堆肥组合基质中挥发油含量最高。在盐碱度为80 mM的耕地+堆肥+蚯蚓堆肥组合基质中，反式卡罗维醇、异龙脑和乙酸卡罗维醇的含量最高。在堆肥基质下，香茅醛和γ-松油烯的含量最高。对照和耕地+堆肥组合基质中，1、3、8、- p -孟三烯等化合物的比例最高。应用透明质酸可提高香蜂草中反式卡维罗、γ-萜烯、异龙脑、香茅醇和乙酸香芹酚等主要成分的含量。
{"title":"The effect of substrate, organic matter, and salinity on the contents of essential oil and active ingredients of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.).","authors":"Shima Rahmanian Kooshkaki, Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi, Mehdi Hosseinifarahi","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4330","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of substrate, organic matter, and salinity on the amount of essential oil and active ingredients of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Based on the results, the highest percentage of essential oil was observed in the combined substrate of arable soil + compost + vermicompost. The highest percentages of compounds including Trans-carveol, Isoborneol, and Carvacrol acetate were observed in the salinity of 80 mM in the combined substrate of arable soil + compost + vermicompost. The highest percentage of compounds including citronellol and γ-Terpinene were recorded under compost substrate. In the control and with a combined substrate of arable soil + compost, the highest percentage of compounds, including 1,3,8,-P-menthatriene was observed. Application of HA could increase the main constituents, including Trans-carveol, γ-Terpinene, Isoborneol, Citronellol, and Carvacrol acetate in lemon balm.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4603
S. Kusvuran, U. Yilmaz
Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are regulated by salicylic acid (SA), a signaling molecule. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of foliar SA treatments (0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mM) in reducing salt stress in lettuce exposed to 100 mM NaCl. Salt-stressed plants given a foliar application of SA showed alleviation of the negative effects of salinity, resulting in higher growth performance (increases of 6%–198%). The positive impacts of SA were especially noticeable as an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, such as total chlorophyll (31–72%) and total carotenoids (49–141%). Application of SA also helped to reduce membrane damage, as seen by significantly lower levels of MDA (31–70%) in the leaves of salt-stressed lettuce plants. Moreover, the use of SA enhanced overall flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as nutrient absorption. SA treatment also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, resulting in a considerable reduction in salt-induced oxidative damage. The most efficient SA application concentration was 0.50 mM. Overall, the use of SA as a foliar spray could be recommended as a long-term strategy for improving the defense systems of salt-stressed lettuce.
{"title":"Ameliorative role of salicylic acid in the growth, nutrient content, and antioxidative responses of salt-stressed lettuce","authors":"S. Kusvuran, U. Yilmaz","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4603","url":null,"abstract":"Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are regulated by salicylic acid (SA), a signaling molecule. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of foliar SA treatments (0.25, 0.50, or 1.00 mM) in reducing salt stress in lettuce exposed to 100 mM NaCl. Salt-stressed plants given a foliar application of SA showed alleviation of the negative effects of salinity, resulting in higher growth performance (increases of 6%–198%). The positive impacts of SA were especially noticeable as an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, such as total chlorophyll (31–72%) and total carotenoids (49–141%). Application of SA also helped to reduce membrane damage, as seen by significantly lower levels of MDA (31–70%) in the leaves of salt-stressed lettuce plants. Moreover, the use of SA enhanced overall flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as nutrient absorption. SA treatment also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, resulting in a considerable reduction in salt-induced oxidative damage. The most efficient SA application concentration was 0.50 mM. Overall, the use of SA as a foliar spray could be recommended as a long-term strategy for improving the defense systems of salt-stressed lettuce.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4530
Sinem Ozturk Erdem, C. Cekic, Davut Uysal
The production of strawberry cultivation in wide ecological regions, its aroma, rich mineral content and taste affect the preference of consumers positively. The high amount of aroma of local cultivars enables them to be used as parents in breeding studies. In this study, it was aimed to determine the morphological and pomological characteristics and phytochemical contents of the superior F1 strawberry genotypes selected after hybridization with the local Osmanli strawberry under the ecological conditions of Bilecik province. Morphological and pomological analyzes were made and the best ten genotypes were selected according to the weighted grading method. According to this, the titratable acidity amount of the selected genotypes was determined between 0.28–0.51, the total soluble solid amount was determined between 5–10.5%, and the pH amount was determined between 3.3–3.78. By looking at the average fruit weight, fruit width and fruit length values, genotypes that can compete with commercial cultivars were selected and these were determined as table genotypes. While the total phenolic content of the ten genotypes selected by phytochemical analyzes was found between 2675.56–3983.89 μg GAE/g TA, the total amount of anthocyanin was determined between 156.19–39.12 μg Plg-3-glu/gta. The antioxidant amount was 18.95 μmol TE/ g ta-7.54 μmol TE/ g in the FRAP method.
{"title":"Determination of the quality and phytochemical content of F1 strawberry genotypes selected in Bilecik province ecological conditions","authors":"Sinem Ozturk Erdem, C. Cekic, Davut Uysal","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4530","url":null,"abstract":"The production of strawberry cultivation in wide ecological regions, its aroma, rich mineral content and taste affect the preference of consumers positively. The high amount of aroma of local cultivars enables them to be used as parents in breeding studies. In this study, it was aimed to determine the morphological and pomological characteristics and phytochemical contents of the superior F1 strawberry genotypes selected after hybridization with the local Osmanli strawberry under the ecological conditions of Bilecik province. Morphological and pomological analyzes were made and the best ten genotypes were selected according to the weighted grading method. According to this, the titratable acidity amount of the selected genotypes was determined between 0.28–0.51, the total soluble solid amount was determined between 5–10.5%, and the pH amount was determined between 3.3–3.78. By looking at the average fruit weight, fruit width and fruit length values, genotypes that can compete with commercial cultivars were selected and these were determined as table genotypes. While the total phenolic content of the ten genotypes selected by phytochemical analyzes was found between 2675.56–3983.89 μg GAE/g TA, the total amount of anthocyanin was determined between 156.19–39.12 μg Plg-3-glu/gta. The antioxidant amount was 18.95 μmol TE/ g ta-7.54 μmol TE/ g in the FRAP method.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43233506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4329
W. Litwińczuk
The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of dikegulac (2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-Lxylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid) and Asahi SL (sodium ortho- and para-nitrophenolate, sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate) in production of highbush blueberry nursery plants. The experiment was carried out on three cultivars of highbush blueberry: ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Brigitta blue’ and ‘Darrow’. Pot plants were treated two times with dikegulac (0.1%) or/and Asahi SL (0.2%) foliar sprays in the late spring. The reaction of blueberry clones to the tested chemicals was different. Dikegulac-treated plants developed significantly more shoots making them a good and efficient source of cuttings when using the traditional propagation. Dikegulac limited the shoot elongation of two studied cultivars (‘Bluecrop’, ‘Darrow’). It also reduced the size of leaf blades but generally did not change the fluorescence and the relative content of chlorophyll. The influence of dikegulac in the applied dose was much stronger than the impact of nitrophenolates. The application of Asahi SL, alone or together with dikegulac, did not give any spectacular and advantageous effects.
{"title":"The impact of foliar dikegulac and Asahi SL sprays on the shoot production of highbush blueberry nursery plants","authors":"W. Litwińczuk","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4329","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of dikegulac (2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-Lxylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid) and Asahi SL (sodium ortho- and para-nitrophenolate, sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate) in production of highbush blueberry nursery plants. The experiment was carried out on three cultivars of highbush blueberry: ‘Bluecrop’, ‘Brigitta blue’ and ‘Darrow’. Pot plants were treated two times with dikegulac (0.1%) or/and Asahi SL (0.2%) foliar sprays in the late spring. The reaction of blueberry clones to the tested chemicals was different. Dikegulac-treated plants developed significantly more shoots making them a good and efficient source of cuttings when using the traditional propagation. Dikegulac limited the shoot elongation of two studied cultivars (‘Bluecrop’, ‘Darrow’). It also reduced the size of leaf blades but generally did not change the fluorescence and the relative content of chlorophyll. The influence of dikegulac in the applied dose was much stronger than the impact of nitrophenolates. The application of Asahi SL, alone or together with dikegulac, did not give any spectacular and advantageous effects.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47750534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rose tortrix is a polyphagous species, which is dominant in the leafroller complex (Tortricidae) in orchards, including apple orchards and fruit-bearing shrubs in western and southeastern Poland. Rose tortrixes massively feed on leaf rosettes, developing leaves, buds, flowers and fruit buds in orchards. The population of this phytophage is regulated by environmental factors such as its natural enemies, e.g. parasitoids. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of parasitisation of rose tortrix pupae and to determine the role of individual families of parasitoids in reducing their population. The study showed that parasitoids from the Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Tachinidae, Euliphidae and Pteromalidae families reduced the rose tortrix population. The parasitoids of the Ichneumonidae family were the most effective entomophages. The degree of total parasitisation of rose tortrixes in individual years of the research was similar. The effectiveness of these entomophagous parasitoids is influenced by environmental factors – above all by weather conditions, the number of crop protection treatments and the ecological infrastructure of orchards.
rose tortrix是一种多食性物种，在波兰西部和东南部的果园，包括苹果园和果灌木中占主导地位。在果园里，花蜂大量以叶莲座为食，发育出叶子、芽、花和果芽。这种植物噬菌体的数量受环境因素的调节，如其天敌，如寄生蜂。本研究的目的是确定玫瑰蜂蛹的寄生程度，并确定单个家族的寄生蜂在减少其种群中的作用。研究表明，姬螨科、沙螨科、刺螨科、刺螨科和翼螨科的寄生蜂减少了玫瑰雀的种群数量。姬蜂科的拟寄生物是最有效的食虫动物。在研究的各个年份中，玫瑰曲蝇的总寄生程度相似。这些食虫类寄生蜂的有效性受到环境因素的影响——首先是天气条件、作物保护处理的数量和果园的生态基础设施。
{"title":"The parasitisation of the rose tortrix [Archips rosana (L.)] Population in the apple orchard in the Wielkopolska region, Poland","authors":"H. Piekarska-Boniecka, I. Siatkowski","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.8","url":null,"abstract":"The rose tortrix is a polyphagous species, which is dominant in the leafroller complex (Tortricidae) in orchards, including apple orchards and fruit-bearing shrubs in western and southeastern Poland. Rose tortrixes massively feed on leaf rosettes, developing leaves, buds, flowers and fruit buds in orchards. The population of this phytophage is regulated by environmental factors such as its natural enemies, e.g. parasitoids. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of parasitisation of rose tortrix pupae and to determine the role of individual families of parasitoids in reducing their population. The study showed that parasitoids from the Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, Tachinidae, Euliphidae and Pteromalidae families reduced the rose tortrix population. The parasitoids of the Ichneumonidae family were the most effective entomophages. The degree of total parasitisation of rose tortrixes in individual years of the research was similar. \u0000The effectiveness of these entomophagous parasitoids is influenced by environmental factors – above all by weather conditions, the number of crop protection treatments and the ecological infrastructure of orchards.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48660562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise of consumer interest in functional food make it necessary to determine the total phenolic (TP) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of the fig accessions in Türkiye. In this study, 236 fig accessions were analayzed for various metabolites such as phenolic compounds, total phenols (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), total flavonoids (TF), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results showed that routine (44.34 ±8.78 mg kg–1 FW) was dominant phenolic compound in the fruits of ‘Bursa Siyahı’ variety, followed by epicatechin (27.76 ±1.12 mg kg–1 FW), syringic acid (4.57 ±2.20 mg kg–1 FW) and chlorogenic acid (4.39 ±0.20 mg kg–1 FW). Among the samples analysed, it was determined that the accession with the highest TPC (189.0 mg GAE 100 g–1 FW) and AOA (688.6 µmol troloks 100 g–1 FW) was ‘Kepek’ (TR 532). Also, it was determined that the accession with the highest anthocyanin content (512.3 mg cyn-3-glu kg–1 FW) was ‘Siyah’ (TR 230). ‘Kepek’ (TR532), ‘Siyah’ (TR 230), ‘Divrekkara’ (TR1101) and ‘Siyah Kış’ (TR1088) are generally not very cultivated accessions. These accessions have an important potential due to the continuous rise of interest in food with high AOA all around the world.
{"title":"Determination of phytochemicals of Turkish fig genetic resources","authors":"İlknur Kösoğlu, R. Konak, Ç. Yamaner, N. Tan","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of consumer interest in functional food make it necessary to determine the total phenolic (TP) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of the fig accessions in Türkiye. In this study, 236 fig accessions were analayzed for various metabolites such as phenolic compounds, total phenols (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), total flavonoids (TF), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results showed that routine (44.34 ±8.78 mg kg–1 FW) was dominant phenolic compound in the fruits of ‘Bursa Siyahı’ variety, followed by epicatechin (27.76 ±1.12 mg kg–1 FW), syringic acid (4.57 ±2.20 mg kg–1 FW) and chlorogenic acid (4.39 ±0.20 mg kg–1 FW). Among the samples analysed, it was determined that the accession with the highest TPC (189.0 mg GAE 100 g–1 FW) and AOA (688.6 µmol troloks 100 g–1 FW) was ‘Kepek’ (TR 532). Also, it was determined that the accession with the highest anthocyanin content (512.3 mg cyn-3-glu kg–1 FW) was ‘Siyah’ (TR 230). ‘Kepek’ (TR532), ‘Siyah’ (TR 230), ‘Divrekkara’ (TR1101) and ‘Siyah Kış’ (TR1088) are generally not very cultivated accessions. These accessions have an important potential due to the continuous rise of interest in food with high AOA all around the world.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46228705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this four-year study was to compare the effectiveness of flame weeding applied on two dates to that of spraying with glufosinate ammonium in controlling weeds in common thyme grown from sowing directly into the field. Flaming (90 kg propane∙ha–1) was applied immediately before thyme emergence or 6 days later, and glufosinate-ammonium (450 g∙ha–1) was applied on the same date as the first flaming. Emergence of thyme began 15–18 days after sowing, was very uneven and in some years it was extended up to 4 weeks. Thyme seedlings were very fine and their initial growth was very slow, which made them highly sensitive to the competition of weeds. The growth rate of thyme increased over time, reaching its greatest value in the last ten days prior to harvest, when the plants gained their average height, depending on the year, from 18.3 to 22.4 cm and developed from 17 to 21 first and second order branches. Weeds started to emerge 8–11 days after thyme was sown and about 3 weeks later their number in the control plots varied depending on the year from 175 to 541 pcs.∙m–2. All methods were very effective in controlling weeds immediately after treatment, but had no soil residual activity and soon new weeds emerged. Four weeks later, the most effective method was spraying with glufosinate-ammonium, which, depending on the year, reduced both the number and fresh weight of weeds by 43 to 85%. Flaming applied at the first or second dates controlled 33–59% and 37–68% of weeds, respectively. After first weeding, the differences between compared treatments disappeared. Essential oil content in the grated herb obtained from the control plants ranged from 2.5 to 3.4%. In the oil, a total of 39 compounds were identified, with the number ranging from 33 to 36 in individual years. More than half of the essential oil was thymol and two other important compounds were γ-terpinene and p-cymene.
{"title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of flaming and spraying with glufosinate-ammonium in controlling weeds in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) sowing","authors":"A. Borowy, K. Dzida","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this four-year study was to compare the effectiveness of flame weeding applied on two dates to that of spraying with glufosinate ammonium in controlling weeds in common thyme grown from sowing directly into the field. Flaming (90 kg propane∙ha–1) was applied immediately before thyme emergence or 6 days later, and glufosinate-ammonium (450 g∙ha–1) was applied on the same date as the first flaming. Emergence of thyme began 15–18 days after sowing, was very uneven and in some years it was extended up to 4 weeks. Thyme seedlings were very fine and their initial growth was very slow, which made them highly sensitive to the competition of weeds. The growth rate of thyme increased over time, reaching its greatest value in the last ten days prior to harvest, when the plants gained their average height, depending on the year, from 18.3 to 22.4 cm and developed from 17 to 21 first and second order branches. Weeds started to emerge 8–11 days after thyme was sown and about 3 weeks later their number in the control plots varied depending on the year from 175 to 541 pcs.∙m–2. All methods were very effective in controlling weeds immediately after treatment, but had no soil residual activity and soon new weeds emerged. Four weeks later, the most effective method was spraying with glufosinate-ammonium, which, depending on the year, reduced both the number and fresh weight of weeds by 43 to 85%. Flaming applied at the first or second dates controlled 33–59% and 37–68% of weeds, respectively. After first weeding, the differences between compared treatments disappeared. Essential oil content in the grated herb obtained from the control plants ranged from 2.5 to 3.4%. In the oil, a total of 39 compounds were identified, with the number ranging from 33 to 36 in individual years. More than half of the essential oil was thymol and two other important compounds were γ-terpinene and p-cymene.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42007149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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