Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4172
M. Licznar-Małańczuk, Iwona Kwiecińska
The long-term influence of several living mulches on apple tree growth, nutrient status, yield, and fruit quality concerning the year of cover crop sowing in tree rows was evaluated in the Lower Silesia region in the southwestern part of Poland. The estimation was conducted in six apple tree ‘Ligol’ populations differentiated by the rootstock: M.26, M.9, P 60, P 2, P 16, and P 22. In experiment no. 1, one-year-old nursery stock was planted, and perennial living mulches were sown: colonial bent grass (Agrostis vulgaris With.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the same year and blue fescue (Festuca ovina L.) in the following year. In experiment no. 2, which involved two-year-old stock, the sowing of blue fescue was delayed until the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following orchard planting. The presence of the cover crop significantly affected young tree growth when one-year-old trees were planted. The sowing of the living mulch in the first or the second year after tree planting led to a significant reduction in the cumulative yield obtained from the young trees. The living mulch improved the red coloration of the fruit skin in the young orchard, but it caused a reduction in the mean fruit weight and size. However, it also contributed to decreased nitrogen concentration in the leaves of the apple trees, and the tree tolerance to living mulch increased as the orchard aged. A choice of semidwarf rootstock, postponed sowing of cover crop, and high-quality nursery stock were recognized as the most important factors for fostering apple tree tolerance to living mulches in tree rows.
{"title":"Application of living mulch in rows of the apple trees on several rootstocks – long-term evaluation","authors":"M. Licznar-Małańczuk, Iwona Kwiecińska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4172","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term influence of several living mulches on apple tree growth, nutrient status, yield, and fruit quality concerning the year of cover crop sowing in tree rows was evaluated in the Lower Silesia region in the southwestern part of Poland. The estimation was conducted in six apple tree ‘Ligol’ populations differentiated by the rootstock: M.26, M.9, P 60, P 2, P 16, and P 22. In experiment no. 1, one-year-old nursery stock was planted, and perennial living mulches were sown: colonial bent grass (Agrostis vulgaris With.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the same year and blue fescue (Festuca ovina L.) in the following year. In experiment no. 2, which involved two-year-old stock, the sowing of blue fescue was delayed until the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following orchard planting.\u0000The presence of the cover crop significantly affected young tree growth when one-year-old trees were planted. The sowing of the living mulch in the first or the second year after tree planting led to a significant reduction in the cumulative yield obtained from the young trees. The living mulch improved the red coloration of the fruit skin in the young orchard, but it caused a reduction in the mean fruit weight and size. However, it also contributed to decreased nitrogen concentration in the leaves of the apple trees, and the tree tolerance to living mulch increased as the orchard aged. A choice of semidwarf rootstock, postponed sowing of cover crop, and high-quality nursery stock were recognized as the most important factors for fostering apple tree tolerance to living mulches in tree rows.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5024
S. Świerczyński
Rootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees are currently in high demand in orchard production. However, their suitability for nursery production is not fully verified. There are also difficulties in the method of their obtaining, mainly through in vitro cultures, which is associated with high prices. The experiment compared the growth of maiden trees of four sweet cherry varieties on rootstocks that reduce their vigor, ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Krymsk 5;, and ‘Pi-ku 1’. In addition, rootstocks produced by cheaper means using shoot cuttings were evaluated compared with those from in vitro. The lower efficiency of maiden trees was obtained on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock than on the other two rootstocks. In contrast, the vigor of maiden trees on this rootstock was significantly more potent. Generally, rootstocks derived from in vitro yielded a higher percentage of maiden trees. Additionally, for most of the varieties and years tested, the rootstocks obtained in this way improved the growth of the trees as determined by their diameter and length of the lateral shoots. The activity of the physiological processes of the maiden trees varied with the rootstock used. Maiden trees on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock were most often characterized by the lowest levels of the three tested parameters (E, C, and I CO2). Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic intensity was lowest on the ‘Pi-ku 1’ rootstock.
{"title":"Influence of the propagation method of three semidwarf rootstocks on the growth and activity of the physiological processes of maiden sweet cherry trees in a nursery","authors":"S. Świerczyński","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5024","url":null,"abstract":"Rootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees are currently in high demand in orchard production. However, their suitability for nursery production is not fully verified. There are also difficulties in the method of their obtaining, mainly through in vitro cultures, which is associated with high prices. The experiment compared the growth of maiden trees of four sweet cherry varieties on rootstocks that reduce their vigor, ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Krymsk 5;, and ‘Pi-ku 1’. In addition, rootstocks produced by cheaper means using shoot cuttings were evaluated compared with those from in vitro. The lower efficiency of maiden trees was obtained on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock than on the other two rootstocks. In contrast, the vigor of maiden trees on this rootstock was significantly more potent. Generally, rootstocks derived from in vitro yielded a higher percentage of maiden trees. Additionally, for most of the varieties and years tested, the rootstocks obtained in this way improved the growth of the trees as determined by their diameter and length of the lateral shoots. The activity of the physiological processes of the maiden trees varied with the rootstock used. Maiden trees on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock were most often characterized by the lowest levels of the three tested parameters (E, C, and I CO2). Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic intensity was lowest on the ‘Pi-ku 1’ rootstock.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48981359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4424
M. Seymen, A. Dursun, D. Yavuz, E. S. Kurtar, Önder Türkmen
Pumpkin is usually cultivated in arid and semiarid regions, and the lack of water stress-tolerant cultivars is a major limiting factor. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify superior water stress-tolerant genotypes. For this purpose, 44 inbred lines with superior agronomic traits were selected from the gene pool. In addition, two hybrids (G1-Mert Bey F1 and G2-Sena Hanim F1) and two landraces (G3-Hatun Tırnağı and G4-Cercevelik) with high commercial value were used as commercial cultivars. The water stress indices were calculated from seed yields from the pumpkin genotypes grown in irrigated and water stress conditions in 2017 and 2018. The stress tolerance index (STI) determines tolerant and superior genotypes. From the principal component and cluster analyses’ findings, G9, G40, G32, G36, G5, G11, G22, G30, G37, and G13 showed the highest water stress tolerance among the inbred lines. During future breeding experiments, these inbred lines may have significant potential for developing novel water stress-tolerant cultivars for pumpkin cultivation in semiarid regions.
南瓜通常种植在干旱和半干旱地区，缺乏耐水胁迫的品种是主要的限制因素。因此，本研究旨在鉴定优良的耐水胁迫基因型。为此，从基因库中选择了44个具有优良农艺性状的自交系。此外，还选择了具有较高商业价值的2个杂交(G1-Mert Bey F1和G2-Sena Hanim F1)和2个地方品种(G3-Hatun Tırnağı和G4-Cercevelik)作为商品品种。水分胁迫指数是根据2017年和2018年灌溉和水分胁迫条件下南瓜基因型的种子产量计算得出的。胁迫耐受性指数(STI)决定了耐受性和优越的基因型。主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明，自交系中G9、G40、G32、G36、G5、G11、G22、G30、G37和G13对水分胁迫的耐受性最强。在今后的选育试验中，这些自交系有可能为半干旱区南瓜栽培培育出耐水分胁迫的新品种。
{"title":"Identification of water stress-tolerant edible pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) genotypes using seed yield-based tolerance indices","authors":"M. Seymen, A. Dursun, D. Yavuz, E. S. Kurtar, Önder Türkmen","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4424","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin is usually cultivated in arid and semiarid regions, and the lack of water stress-tolerant cultivars is a major limiting factor. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify superior water stress-tolerant genotypes. For this purpose, 44 inbred lines with superior agronomic traits were selected from the gene pool. In addition, two hybrids (G1-Mert Bey F1 and G2-Sena Hanim F1) and two landraces (G3-Hatun Tırnağı and G4-Cercevelik) with high commercial value were used as commercial cultivars. The water stress indices were calculated from seed yields from the pumpkin genotypes grown in irrigated and water stress conditions in 2017 and 2018. The stress tolerance index (STI) determines tolerant and superior genotypes. From the principal component and cluster analyses’ findings, G9, G40, G32, G36, G5, G11, G22, G30, G37, and G13 showed the highest water stress tolerance among the inbred lines. During future breeding experiments, these inbred lines may have significant potential for developing novel water stress-tolerant cultivars for pumpkin cultivation in semiarid regions.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45175465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The species Eutypa lata is one of the most critical phytopathogenic fungi that presents a threat to vineyards by causing significant economic damage. This grapevine disease is hazardous because there is no adequate chemical protection, so after its progression, there is a decrease in yield and dieback of parts or whole infected shoots. There are also no grapevine cultivars resistant to this disease. For these reasons, in this paper, testing of the susceptibility of a pair of grapevine cultivars to this disease was carried out. The testing was performed under semicontrolled conditions and included six of the most economically essential grapevine cultivars in Serbia (Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cardinal, Rkaziteli, Pinot noir, and Prokupac). Testing was performed using 14 isolates of E. lata isolated in Serbia and two control isolates obtained from the INRA. For specific detection of isolates of Eutypa spp. included in the experiment, a specific pair of primers, Lata 1/Lata 2.2, was applied, and an amplicon of the expected size of approximately 385 bp was established in all isolates. In the conditions of the set experiment, of all of the domestic and foreign-tested grapevine cultivars, the local cultivar Prokupac showed greater resistance to the isolates. In contrast, the cultivars Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cardinal, Pinot noir showed sensitivity to the isolates of E. lata, but not to the same extent as the cultivar Rkaziteli, which proved to be susceptible.
{"title":"Susceptibility of grapevine cultivars to Eutypa lata in Serbia","authors":"Sanja Živković, Tanja Predrag Vasić, Jordan Paun Marković, Darko Radovan Jevremović","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4489","url":null,"abstract":"The species Eutypa lata is one of the most critical phytopathogenic fungi that presents a threat to vineyards by causing significant economic damage. This grapevine disease is hazardous because there is no adequate chemical protection, so after its progression, there is a decrease in yield and dieback of parts or whole infected shoots. There are also no grapevine cultivars resistant to this disease. For these reasons, in this paper, testing of the susceptibility of a pair of grapevine cultivars to this disease was carried out. The testing was performed under semicontrolled conditions and included six of the most economically essential grapevine cultivars in Serbia (Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cardinal, Rkaziteli, Pinot noir, and Prokupac). Testing was performed using 14 isolates of E. lata isolated in Serbia and two control isolates obtained from the INRA. For specific detection of isolates of Eutypa spp. included in the experiment, a specific pair of primers, Lata 1/Lata 2.2, was applied, and an amplicon of the expected size of approximately 385 bp was established in all isolates. In the conditions of the set experiment, of all of the domestic and foreign-tested grapevine cultivars, the local cultivar Prokupac showed greater resistance to the isolates. In contrast, the cultivars Riesling italico, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cardinal, Pinot noir showed sensitivity to the isolates of E. lata, but not to the same extent as the cultivar Rkaziteli, which proved to be susceptible.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45951923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4638
Z. Buler, J. Rabcewicz, P. Białkowski
In 2014, plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry trees were planted in an experimental plot of the Institute of Horticulture – National Research Institute at a distance of 4.5 m between rows and, depending on the cultivar, every 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m in a row. The trees were trained in the shape of the letter ‘Y’, with the shoots raised at an angle of 20° or 30° to the horizontal, intended for mechanical harvesting of dessert fruit with a harvester attached to a tractor. The two tree canopy formation systems at both shoot inclination angles were compared with the standard spindle crown with a vertical leader, from which the fruit was picked by hand. After 3 years of training the trees, mechanical harvesting of dessert fruit began with a harvester designed at the Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. The trees formed in the shape of the letter ‘Y’ produced comparable yields, and also higher and lower yields, depending on the cultivar, in comparison with the trees trained to a spindle crown.
{"title":"Comparison of the yielding of plum, sour cherry, and sweet cherry trees trained to a trellis for mechanical harvesting of fruit with those trained to a leader","authors":"Z. Buler, J. Rabcewicz, P. Białkowski","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4638","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014, plum, sour cherry and sweet cherry trees were planted in an experimental plot of the Institute of Horticulture – National Research Institute at a distance of 4.5 m between rows and, depending on the cultivar, every 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m in a row. The trees were trained in the shape of the letter ‘Y’, with the shoots raised at an angle of 20° or 30° to the horizontal, intended for mechanical harvesting of dessert fruit with a harvester attached to a tractor. The two tree canopy formation systems at both shoot inclination angles were compared with the standard spindle crown with a vertical leader, from which the fruit was picked by hand. After 3 years of training the trees, mechanical harvesting of dessert fruit began with a harvester designed at the Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. The trees formed in the shape of the letter ‘Y’ produced comparable yields, and also higher and lower yields, depending on the cultivar, in comparison with the trees trained to a spindle crown.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42893142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4791
M. Stefanova, T. Ganeva, D. Koleva
The leaf anatomy and chloroplast ultrastructure of Nepeta nuda L. plantlets regenerated in vitro from cryopreserved shoot apical meristem and in vitro-micropropagated plantlets were studied comparatively to assess whether cryoprocedure affected leaf morphogenesis. Both postcryo and in vitro plantlets failed to develop a distinguishable palisade layer, making the mesophyll appear homogeneous. Significant damage to the chloroplast envelope and substantial thylakoid ruptures were also observed. We assumed that the specific in vitro conditions more likely affected the structures than the cryotreatment itself. Light and transmission electron microscopy observations were also carried out on newly formed leaves of ex vitro-adapted plants. The examined leaf features were similar to those in the in situ plants – bifacial leaf lamina, double-layered palisade parenchyma, loosely arranged spongy parenchyma cells, and chloroplasts with intact envelope and evenly distributed throughout the stroma internal membrane system. The obtained histological and ultrastructural results revealed the retained morphogenetic potential of N. nuda plants and proved cryopreservation as a suitable method for long-term storage.
{"title":"Comparative leaf structural analysis of Nepeta nuda l. Plantlets, regenerated from cryopreserved shoot meristem and ex vitro-adapted plants","authors":"M. Stefanova, T. Ganeva, D. Koleva","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4791","url":null,"abstract":"The leaf anatomy and chloroplast ultrastructure of Nepeta nuda L. plantlets regenerated in vitro from cryopreserved shoot apical meristem and in vitro-micropropagated plantlets were studied comparatively to assess whether cryoprocedure affected leaf morphogenesis. Both postcryo and in vitro plantlets failed to develop a distinguishable palisade layer, making the mesophyll appear homogeneous. Significant damage to the chloroplast envelope and substantial thylakoid ruptures were also observed. We assumed that the specific in vitro conditions more likely affected the structures than the cryotreatment itself. Light and transmission electron microscopy observations were also carried out on newly formed leaves of ex vitro-adapted plants. The examined leaf features were similar to those in the in situ plants – bifacial leaf lamina, double-layered palisade parenchyma, loosely arranged spongy parenchyma cells, and chloroplasts with intact envelope and evenly distributed throughout the stroma internal membrane system. The obtained histological and ultrastructural results revealed the retained morphogenetic potential of N. nuda plants and proved cryopreservation as a suitable method for long-term storage.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46443690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4912
Natalia Miler, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, Paweł Trafara, Janusz Winiecki
This study aimed to evaluate the range of quantitative and qualitative genetic changes in chrysanthemum plants regenerated in vitro from ovaries irradiated with high-energy photons (5, 10, and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (10 Gy). The highest DNA loss (up to 11%) was observed in plants originating from ovaries treated with 10 Gy high energy. AMOVA revealed significant differences between populations of plants representing different mutagenic treatments (18% for RAPD-based and 22% for SCoT-based analysis). The incidence of genetic changes was strongly correlated with the applied type and dose of ionizing radiation. The highest genetic distances to reference plants were observed for plants regenerated from 15 Gy high-energy photon (5.8% with RAPD and 1.7% with SCoT) and 10 Gy high-energy electron-treated explants (6.0% with RAPD and 2.9% with SCoT). Considerable changes in the phenotype of mutants were not necessarily correlated with the extent of genetic alterations. Qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating post-radiation genetic changes should be combined for reliable detection of variant plants at early developmental stages.
{"title":"Effect of high-energy ionizing radiation on the DNA content and genetic variation in chrysanthemum plants regenerated from irradiated ovaries","authors":"Natalia Miler, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, Paweł Trafara, Janusz Winiecki","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4912","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the range of quantitative and qualitative genetic changes in chrysanthemum plants regenerated in vitro from ovaries irradiated with high-energy photons (5, 10, and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (10 Gy). The highest DNA loss (up to 11%) was observed in plants originating from ovaries treated with 10 Gy high energy. AMOVA revealed significant differences between populations of plants representing different mutagenic treatments (18% for RAPD-based and 22% for SCoT-based analysis). The incidence of genetic changes was strongly correlated with the applied type and dose of ionizing radiation. The highest genetic distances to reference plants were observed for plants regenerated from 15 Gy high-energy photon (5.8% with RAPD and 1.7% with SCoT) and 10 Gy high-energy electron-treated explants (6.0% with RAPD and 2.9% with SCoT). Considerable changes in the phenotype of mutants were not necessarily correlated with the extent of genetic alterations. Qualitative and quantitative methods of evaluating post-radiation genetic changes should be combined for reliable detection of variant plants at early developmental stages.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46751363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5004
Yusuf Çelik
The study was repeated for two years to reduce the effects of water scarcity and drought stress in lettuce cultivation. The irrigation problem was created by applying 25% (I25), 50% (I50), 75% (I75) and 100% (I100) of the evaporation amounts formed in the class-A evaporation vessel. Si0 (0 kg ha–1), Si40 (40 kg ha–1), Si80 (80 kg ha–1) and Si120 (120 kg ha–1) silicon fertilisation was applied at four different doses. Head length, head diameter, head weight, root length, and leaf fresh and dry weight were measured in harvested plants. According to the data of 2020–2021, the best results in the effect of different doses of Si applications on plant head height, head diameter, head weight and root length at different irrigation levels were recorded from I75 × Si80, I75 × Si120, I100 × Si80, I100 × Si120 applications with the same severity level. While the Si40 dose gave good results at I75 and I100 irrigation levels, its effect decreased at I25 and I50 irrigation levels. At different irrigation levels where different doses of silicon were applied, I25 irrigation had the lowest leaf chlorophyll and relative moisture content and the most severe membrane damage, while I50 irrigation had a moderate effect. Leaf chlorophyll and moisture content increased, and membrane damage decreased in I75 × 80 kg ha–1 Si, I75 × 120 kg ha–1 Si, I100 × 80 kg ha–1 Si and I100 × 120 kg ha–1 Si applications. As a result, when the effects of the applications covering two years on plant growth and yield were evaluated, the most successful irrigation levels were determined as I75, I100, and the most successful silicon doses; were determined as 80 kg ha–1 and 120 kg ha–1.
这项研究重复了两年，以减少生菜种植中缺水和干旱胁迫的影响。灌溉问题是通过施加A类蒸发容器中形成的蒸发量的25%（I25）、50%（I50）、75%（I75）和100%（I100）而产生的。施用四种不同剂量的Si0（0 kg ha–1）、Si40（40 kg ha–2）、Si80（80 kg ha–3）和Si120（120 kg ha–4）硅肥。在收获的植物中测量头部长度、头部直径、头部重量、根长度以及叶片鲜重和干重。根据2020-2021年的数据，在不同灌溉水平下，不同剂量的硅施用对植株头高、头径、头重和根长的影响最好的结果是相同严重程度的I75×Si80、I75×Si120、I100×Si80和I100×Si120。虽然Si40剂量在I75和I100灌溉水平下效果良好，但在I25和I50灌溉水平下其效果下降。在不同灌溉水平下，施用不同剂量的硅，I25灌溉的叶片叶绿素和相对含水量最低，膜损伤最严重，而I50灌溉的效果中等。施用I75×80 kg ha–1 Si、I75×120 kg ha–2 Si、I100×80 kg ha–1 Si和I100×120 kg ha–2 Si时，叶片叶绿素和水分含量增加，膜损伤减少。因此，当评估为期两年的施用对植物生长和产量的影响时，最成功的灌溉水平被确定为I75、I100和最成功的硅剂量；确定为80公斤公顷-1和120公斤公顷-1。
{"title":"Effects of different irrigation levels and varying doses of silicon applications on yield and some physiological parameters in lettuce cultivation","authors":"Yusuf Çelik","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5004","url":null,"abstract":"The study was repeated for two years to reduce the effects of water scarcity and drought stress in lettuce cultivation. The irrigation problem was created by applying 25% (I25), 50% (I50), 75% (I75) and 100% (I100) of the evaporation amounts formed in the class-A evaporation vessel. Si0 (0 kg ha–1), Si40 (40 kg ha–1), Si80 (80 kg ha–1) and Si120 (120 kg ha–1) silicon fertilisation was applied at four different doses. Head length, head diameter, head weight, root length, and leaf fresh and dry weight were measured in harvested plants. According to the data of 2020–2021, the best results in the effect of different doses of Si applications on plant head height, head diameter, head weight and root length at different irrigation levels were recorded from I75 × Si80, I75 × Si120, I100 × Si80, I100 × Si120 applications with the same severity level. While the Si40 dose gave good results at I75 and I100 irrigation levels, its effect decreased at I25 and I50 irrigation levels. At different irrigation levels where different doses of silicon were applied, I25 irrigation had the lowest leaf chlorophyll and relative moisture content and the most severe membrane damage, while I50 irrigation had a moderate effect. Leaf chlorophyll and moisture content increased, and membrane damage decreased in I75 × 80 kg ha–1 Si, I75 × 120 kg ha–1 Si, I100 × 80 kg ha–1 Si and I100 × 120 kg ha–1 Si applications. As a result, when the effects of the applications covering two years on plant growth and yield were evaluated, the most successful irrigation levels were determined as I75, I100, and the most successful silicon doses; were determined as 80 kg ha–1 and 120 kg ha–1.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48792360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5144
A. Kalisz, A. Kornaś, D. Húska, Radim Zelinka, A. Sękara, R. Pokluda, Andrzej Sałata, J. Gil
Engineered TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are broadly produced and utilized in various consumer products. However, plant uptake of NPs may lead to disruptions in physiological and metabolic processes, particularly when the plant’s defense mechanisms are overwhelmed. In this study, sweet pepper seedlings were exposed to TiO2-NPs via foliar (2.5% suspension) and root (0.5% suspension) methods, with plants treated with distilled water serving as controls. Results showed that foliar application caused higher accumulation of Ti in leaves as compared to stems, while root exposure led to a higher increase of Ti content in stems than in leaves. Additionally, foliar application led to alterations in chemical composition of the plants, including changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), L-ascorbic acid, total phenolics content, carotenoids, in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and antioxidant enzymes activity. Root exposure also affected enzyme activity and TAC, but also altered H2O2, MDA and glutathione content. Chlorophylls remained at stable level in the leaves of the seedlings. Overall, these studies provide important information on plant-nanoparticle interactions and the potential effects of different nanoparticle application strategies. These data indicate also that the specific nanoparticles, applied at a controlled manner, have potential to boost the plant metabolism and improve stress tolerance, which is an important factor affecting crops’ quality and productivity.
{"title":"Investigating the impact of TiO2 nanoparticles on bioactive compounds in sweet pepper seedlings: a comparison of foliar and root application methods","authors":"A. Kalisz, A. Kornaś, D. Húska, Radim Zelinka, A. Sękara, R. Pokluda, Andrzej Sałata, J. Gil","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5144","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are broadly produced and utilized in various consumer products. However, plant uptake of NPs may lead to disruptions in physiological and metabolic processes, particularly when the plant’s defense mechanisms are overwhelmed. In this study, sweet pepper seedlings were exposed to TiO2-NPs via foliar (2.5% suspension) and root (0.5% suspension) methods, with plants treated with distilled water serving as controls. Results showed that foliar application caused higher accumulation of Ti in leaves as compared to stems, while root exposure led to a higher increase of Ti content in stems than in leaves. Additionally, foliar application led to alterations in chemical composition of the plants, including changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), L-ascorbic acid, total phenolics content, carotenoids, in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and antioxidant enzymes activity. Root exposure also affected enzyme activity and TAC, but also altered H2O2, MDA and glutathione content. Chlorophylls remained at stable level in the leaves of the seedlings. Overall, these studies provide important information on plant-nanoparticle interactions and the potential effects of different nanoparticle application strategies. These data indicate also that the specific nanoparticles, applied at a controlled manner, have potential to boost the plant metabolism and improve stress tolerance, which is an important factor affecting crops’ quality and productivity.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49365519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5007
H. Samet, Y. Çikili, Aysun Çavuşoğlu
Generally, moderate to high salinity conditions and excess boron (B) occur together as limiting factors for plant growth in the soils of arid and semiarid regions. To determine the combined effect of excessive boron, salinity stress, or both, five different levels of B (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mM) and 80 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) were applied to lavandin plants grown in a greenhouse. The results showed that under nonsaline conditions, biomass production in shoots and roots and photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll (Chl) a, b, and Chl a + b) decreased with exceptionally high B applications compared to the control. Moreover, the bioconcentration (BCF) of B (in shoots and roots), potassium (K) concentrations (in roots), K/sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca)/Na ratios (in shoots), and Ca/B ratios (in shoots and roots) decreased for all B applications compared to the control. In contrast, all B applications caused a remarkable increase in the carotenoid (Car)/Chl ratio, B concentrations (in shoots and roots), translocation (TF) of B, and net B accumulation compared to the control. In addition, under nonsaline conditions, concentrations of K (in shoots), Ca (in shoots and roots), and K/Na and Ca/Na ratios (in roots) were significantly increased by B applications compared with the control. Under saline conditions, significant decreases in Chl b, Chl a + b, BCF of B (in shoots and roots), and Ca/B ratio (in shoots) were observed in all B applications compared to the control. However, under saline conditions, B application caused significant increases in the Car/Chl ratio, TF of B, net B accumulation, and concentrations of B (in shoots and roots), K (in shoots), Ca, and Na (in shoots and roots) compared to the control. It was concluded that although it is not seen in the growth parameters, NaCl application could effectively alleviate the harmful effects of B toxicity in lavandin plants. Under saline conditions, notable decreases in the mean B concentration in shoots could be strong evidence for this hypothesis.
{"title":"Combined effects of excess boron and salinity on the growth and ionic imbalance of lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia) plant","authors":"H. Samet, Y. Çikili, Aysun Çavuşoğlu","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5007","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, moderate to high salinity conditions and excess boron (B) occur together as limiting factors for plant growth in the soils of arid and semiarid regions. To determine the combined effect of excessive boron, salinity stress, or both, five different levels of B (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mM) and 80 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) were applied to lavandin plants grown in a greenhouse. The results showed that under nonsaline conditions, biomass production in shoots and roots and photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophyll (Chl) a, b, and Chl a + b) decreased with exceptionally high B applications compared to the control. Moreover, the bioconcentration (BCF) of B (in shoots and roots), potassium (K) concentrations (in roots), K/sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca)/Na ratios (in shoots), and Ca/B ratios (in shoots and roots) decreased for all B applications compared to the control. In contrast, all B applications caused a remarkable increase in the carotenoid (Car)/Chl ratio, B concentrations (in shoots and roots), translocation (TF) of B, and net B accumulation compared to the control. In addition, under nonsaline conditions, concentrations of K (in shoots), Ca (in shoots and roots), and K/Na and Ca/Na ratios (in roots) were significantly increased by B applications compared with the control. Under saline conditions, significant decreases in Chl b, Chl a + b, BCF of B (in shoots and roots), and Ca/B ratio (in shoots) were observed in all B applications compared to the control. However, under saline conditions, B application caused significant increases in the Car/Chl ratio, TF of B, net B accumulation, and concentrations of B (in shoots and roots), K (in shoots), Ca, and Na (in shoots and roots) compared to the control. It was concluded that although it is not seen in the growth parameters, NaCl application could effectively alleviate the harmful effects of B toxicity in lavandin plants. Under saline conditions, notable decreases in the mean B concentration in shoots could be strong evidence for this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41783645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：