Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2024.5252
M. Ennajeh, Sarra Ouledali
Rainfed olive groves in arid Tunisia face severe water scarcity and a low abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We investigated if a supplement of commercial AMF-product at transplantation would improve olive plant survival and ecophysiological performance in an arid region. The commercial AMF product was added to two olive tree cultivars, ‘Meski’ and ‘Zarrazi’. There was an increase in the mycorrhizal intensity in the roots of ‘Meski’. Mycorrhizal symbiosis seems to have improved the survival of ‘Meski’ and the growth rate of ‘Zarrazi’. Plant water status and gas exchanges were enhanced in ‘Meski’. Mycorrhization helped maintain a higher photosynthetic assimilation rate and stomatal conductance in ‘Zarrazi’. AMF-symbiosis exhibited an inter-cultivar difference in the enhancement of the ecophysiological performance of olive trees under aridity. It also improved pre-existent indigenous defense strategies. It reinforced the avoidance strategy of ‘Meski’ but strengthened the tolerance strategy of ‘Zarrazi’.
{"title":"Supplement of a commercial mycorrhizal product to improve the survival and ecophysiological performance of olive trees in an Arid region","authors":"M. Ennajeh, Sarra Ouledali","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2024.5252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2024.5252","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfed olive groves in arid Tunisia face severe water scarcity and a low abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We investigated if a supplement of commercial AMF-product at transplantation would improve olive plant survival and ecophysiological performance in an arid region. The commercial AMF product was added to two olive tree cultivars, ‘Meski’ and ‘Zarrazi’. There was an increase in the mycorrhizal intensity in the roots of ‘Meski’. Mycorrhizal symbiosis seems to have improved the survival of ‘Meski’ and the growth rate of ‘Zarrazi’. Plant water status and gas exchanges were enhanced in ‘Meski’. Mycorrhization helped maintain a higher photosynthetic assimilation rate and stomatal conductance in ‘Zarrazi’. AMF-symbiosis exhibited an inter-cultivar difference in the enhancement of the ecophysiological performance of olive trees under aridity. It also improved pre-existent indigenous defense strategies. It reinforced the avoidance strategy of ‘Meski’ but strengthened the tolerance strategy of ‘Zarrazi’.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5165
Tuğba Gürkök Tan, Mine Türktaş, Gülşen Güçlü
Papaver somniferum is a medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family that has traditionally been used for diet or its therapeutic value for thousands of years. Mainly, morphine and noscapine alkaloids exhibit anti-analgesic and anti-cancer effects. However, gene expression patterns and regulatory elements, such as transcription factors between different tissues, still need to be detected. In this study, comparative in silico transcriptome analyses were conducted to examine the tissue-specificity of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) biosynthetic genes and transcription factors (TFs) between morphine and noscapine cultivars. Analysis showed that BIA biosynthetic genes are expressed in a different pattern between two varieties. Results showed that some members of plant-specific secondary metabolites related to TF families, such as MYB, MADS-box, bHLH, NAC, and WRKY, are differentially expressed between tissues and varieties.
{"title":"In silico comparative transcriptome analysis of Papaver somniferum cultivars","authors":"Tuğba Gürkök Tan, Mine Türktaş, Gülşen Güçlü","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5165","url":null,"abstract":"Papaver somniferum is a medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family that has traditionally been used for diet or its therapeutic value for thousands of years. Mainly, morphine and noscapine alkaloids exhibit anti-analgesic and anti-cancer effects. However, gene expression patterns and regulatory elements, such as transcription factors between different tissues, still need to be detected. In this study, comparative in silico transcriptome analyses were conducted to examine the tissue-specificity of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) biosynthetic genes and transcription factors (TFs) between morphine and noscapine cultivars. Analysis showed that BIA biosynthetic genes are expressed in a different pattern between two varieties. Results showed that some members of plant-specific secondary metabolites related to TF families, such as MYB, MADS-box, bHLH, NAC, and WRKY, are differentially expressed between tissues and varieties.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5162
Zahra Ebrahimi, Esfandiar Fateh, Mohammad Mahmoodi Soorestani, M. Ghorbanpour
This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Pseudomonas growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and living mulch on morphological and physiological traits of a medicinal herb, Pimpinella anisum. The study was carried out using a factorial design in a randomized complete block design arrangement with three replications during the crop year of 2019–2020. The first factor includes the use of biological fertilizers (fungi and bacteria) at four levels: 1) control (without the use of biological fertilizers), 2) mycorrhizal fungi, 3) growth-promoting bacteria, 4) combined use of growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. The second factor includes mulch (plant residues) at four levels: 1) control, 2) wheat straw (3 t/ha), 3) berseem clover mulch (2 t/ha), 4) living berseem clover mulch, cultivated among the rows of anise. Cultivation of clover and anise was done simultaneously. Results showed that the combined use of biological fertilizers (Glomus intraradices and Pseudomonas putida) along with living clover mulch led to a significant increase in seed yield, harvest index, and the essential oil yield of anise. Moreover, under such conditions, the highest seed yield (930.8 kg/ha) and the highest essential oil yield (18.15 kg/ha) increased by 48% and 51% compared to the control, respectively. We found that the use of living clover mulch led to a significant increase in biological yield, seed yield, and the number of umbels and umbellets of anise. Accordingly, the highest biological yield of 5332 kg/ha was obtained, which was 55% higher than the control. The extraction of essential oil components showed that α-pinene and para-cymene showed the highest amount and significant components of essential oil. Moreover, the maximum amount of α-pinene (2.277%) observed upon fungi and living clover application along with inter-row clover cultivation (increased by 60% compared to the control), and the maximum value of para-cymene (0.2300%) was obtained upon bacteria and living clover inoculation along with inter-row clover cultivation (increased by 59% compared to the control). Finally, according to the perspectives of sustainable and organic agriculture in medicinal plant cultivation, the use of ecologically compatible inputs such as bacteria and fungi that stabilize food elements, as well as the use of living and non-living plant mulches, can be used as a tool to increase the quantitative and qualitative performance of the anise plant.
{"title":"Inoculating mycorrhiza fungi and growth-promoting bacteria and mulch of plant residues improve yield and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)","authors":"Zahra Ebrahimi, Esfandiar Fateh, Mohammad Mahmoodi Soorestani, M. Ghorbanpour","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5162","url":null,"abstract":" This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Pseudomonas growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and living mulch on morphological and physiological traits of a medicinal herb, Pimpinella anisum. The study was carried out using a factorial design in a randomized complete block design arrangement with three replications during the crop year of 2019–2020. The first factor includes the use of biological fertilizers (fungi and bacteria) at four levels: 1) control (without the use of biological fertilizers), 2) mycorrhizal fungi, 3) growth-promoting bacteria, 4) combined use of growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. The second factor includes mulch (plant residues) at four levels: 1) control, 2) wheat straw (3 t/ha), 3) berseem clover mulch (2 t/ha), 4) living berseem clover mulch, cultivated among the rows of anise. Cultivation of clover and anise was done simultaneously. Results showed that the combined use of biological fertilizers (Glomus intraradices and Pseudomonas putida) along with living clover mulch led to a significant increase in seed yield, harvest index, and the essential oil yield of anise. Moreover, under such conditions, the highest seed yield (930.8 kg/ha) and the highest essential oil yield (18.15 kg/ha) increased by 48% and 51% compared to the control, respectively. We found that the use of living clover mulch led to a significant increase in biological yield, seed yield, and the number of umbels and umbellets of anise. Accordingly, the highest biological yield of 5332 kg/ha was obtained, which was 55% higher than the control. The extraction of essential oil components showed that α-pinene and para-cymene showed the highest amount and significant components of essential oil. Moreover, the maximum amount of α-pinene (2.277%) observed upon fungi and living clover application along with inter-row clover cultivation (increased by 60% compared to the control), and the maximum value of para-cymene (0.2300%) was obtained upon bacteria and living clover inoculation along with inter-row clover cultivation (increased by 59% compared to the control). Finally, according to the perspectives of sustainable and organic agriculture in medicinal plant cultivation, the use of ecologically compatible inputs such as bacteria and fungi that stabilize food elements, as well as the use of living and non-living plant mulches, can be used as a tool to increase the quantitative and qualitative performance of the anise plant.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5163
I. Domagała-Świątkiewicz, P. Siwek, Paulina Lalewicz
The use of cover crops is aimed at sustaining soil health and productivity in the context of agricultural intensification and accompanying soil degradation. While cover crops have been extensively studied in field production systems, limited research has been conducted concerning their application in high-tunnel vegetable production. This study aimed to assess the effects of turnip (Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica (L.) Jafri) and swede Brassica rapa subsp. Rapifera Metzg) cover crops (CCs) on soil physicochemical and biological properties in an organic high tunnel system in southern Poland in 2017–2019. The planting sequence was as follows: winter cover crops/pumpkin/romaine lettuce/broad bean/chilli pepper. Soil analyses included measurements of bulk density, water capacity, soil aggregation, soil organic carbon (SOC), available soil nutrients, as well as microbial abundance and diversity. Rape crops produced a higher aboveground dry biomass (4.11 t ha−1) than swede (2.85 t ha−1), and the N content in their biomass was 101 kg N ha−1 and 75 kg N ha−1, respectively. The results presented that CC residue significantly contributed to soil organic carbon stock, retention of plant-available nitrogen, and improvement of soil physical properties, especially wet aggregate stability. Soils with the highest SOC concentrations were associated with the highest bacterial and fungal abundance. The most significant number of mesophilic bacteria was detected in the soil where turnip was grown as a cover crop (7.6 × 107 cfu g−1 DM soil). Moreover, a higher abundance of the tested nitrogen cycle bacteria was found in the soils after CC cultivation compared to the control soils, particularly bacteria reducing NH4 +-N and NO₃⁻-N. These findings highlight the importance of cover crop management practices in high tunnels, as they influence the composition of the total bacterial community and the abundance of N-cycling microbial guilds.
{"title":"Short-term effects of brassica cover crops on soil quality indicators in organic production in high tunnels","authors":"I. Domagała-Świątkiewicz, P. Siwek, Paulina Lalewicz","doi":"10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5163","url":null,"abstract":"The use of cover crops is aimed at sustaining soil health and productivity in the context of agricultural intensification and accompanying soil degradation. While cover crops have been extensively studied in field production systems, limited research has been conducted concerning their application in high-tunnel vegetable production. This study aimed to assess the effects of turnip (Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica (L.) Jafri) and swede Brassica rapa subsp. Rapifera Metzg) cover crops (CCs) on soil physicochemical and biological properties in an organic high tunnel system in southern Poland in 2017–2019. The planting sequence was as follows: winter cover crops/pumpkin/romaine lettuce/broad bean/chilli pepper. Soil analyses included measurements of bulk density, water capacity, soil aggregation, soil organic carbon (SOC), available soil nutrients, as well as microbial abundance and diversity. Rape crops produced a higher aboveground dry biomass (4.11 t ha−1) than swede (2.85 t ha−1), and the N content in their biomass was 101 kg N ha−1 and 75 kg N ha−1, respectively. The results presented that CC residue significantly contributed to soil organic carbon stock, retention of plant-available nitrogen, and improvement of soil physical properties, especially wet aggregate stability. Soils with the highest SOC concentrations were associated with the highest bacterial and fungal abundance. The most significant number of mesophilic bacteria was detected in the soil where turnip was grown as a cover crop (7.6 × 107 cfu g−1 DM soil). Moreover, a higher abundance of the tested nitrogen cycle bacteria was found in the soils after CC cultivation compared to the control soils, particularly bacteria reducing NH4 +-N and NO₃⁻-N. These findings highlight the importance of cover crop management practices in high tunnels, as they influence the composition of the total bacterial community and the abundance of N-cycling microbial guilds.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5164
B. Prokopiuk, A. Kapczyńska, Bożena Pawłowska
This study provides a method for ornamental grass Pennisetum ‘Vertigo®’ in vitro culture initiation and shoot multiplication under different LED light qualities. The culture was initiated from field-cultivated plants collected from the 1st to 30th October at weekly intervals. Later dates of collecting shoot tips increased the effectiveness of surface disinfection (from 46% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one) and the percentage of regenerating explants (from 34% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one). Disinfection and regeneration results were better for the apical buds than the axillary buds. Soaking explants in nystatin before surface disinfection or using a medium with an antibiotic increased the effectiveness of disinfection (even by 27–46%, depending on the combination) and did not inhibit the regeneration of explants. At the shoot propagation stage, the multiplication rate was twice as high for the shoots originating from the apical buds (5.5 per explant) than for those originating from the axillary buds. The addition of yellow light to the red and blue light (RBY) spectrum increased the multiplication rate, and the addition of green light to the red and blue (RBG) spectrum increased the fresh weight of the shoots. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found in the shoots propagated under RB, as well as RBY and RBG light.
{"title":"Establishing in vitro cultures of Pennisetum ‘Vertigo®’ and its shoot multiplication under different LED light quality","authors":"B. Prokopiuk, A. Kapczyńska, Bożena Pawłowska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5164","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a method for ornamental grass Pennisetum ‘Vertigo®’ in vitro culture initiation and shoot multiplication under different LED light qualities. The culture was initiated from field-cultivated plants collected from the 1st to 30th October at weekly intervals. Later dates of collecting shoot tips increased the effectiveness of surface disinfection (from 46% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one) and the percentage of regenerating explants (from 34% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one). Disinfection and regeneration results were better for the apical buds than the axillary buds. Soaking explants in nystatin before surface disinfection or using a medium with an antibiotic increased the effectiveness of disinfection (even by 27–46%, depending on the combination) and did not inhibit the regeneration of explants. At the shoot propagation stage, the multiplication rate was twice as high for the shoots originating from the apical buds (5.5 per explant) than for those originating from the axillary buds. The addition of yellow light to the red and blue light (RBY) spectrum increased the multiplication rate, and the addition of green light to the red and blue (RBG) spectrum increased the fresh weight of the shoots. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found in the shoots propagated under RB, as well as RBY and RBG light.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth, development, and adaptation to stress. The growth of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. Chou, commonly known as Suanzao in Chinese, is significantly influenced by environmental factors, particularly drought and salt stresses. In this study, we isolated and characterized a putative ABA receptor, ZjPYL8, from Sour jujube. To investigate the effects of ZjPYL8 overexpression on ABA-responsive pathways, we introduced it into Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and examined the resulting phenotypes. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of ZjPYL8 in A. thaliana led to a significant reduction in stomatal aperture and root length under ABA treatment, while the wild type (WT) was relatively insensitive to ABA. Moreover, ZjPYL8 transgenic plants exhibited shorter roots under salt treatment than the WT did. These findings suggest that the overexpression of ZjPYL8 in A. thaliana enhances the plant's resistance to stress and support the hypothesis that ZjPYL8 serves as a putative ABA receptor in Sour jujube, which may improve the plant's adaptability to drought and salt stresses. ZjPYL8 appears to mediate plant responses to ABA, similar to most ABA receptors in A. thaliana, such as stomatal closure and root length.
脱落酸（ABA）是一种植物激素，在调节植物生长、发育和适应胁迫方面起着至关重要的作用。Ziziphus jujuba Mill.本研究从酸枣中分离并鉴定了一种推定的 ABA 受体 ZjPYL8。为了研究 ZjPYL8 过表达对 ABA 响应途径的影响，我们将其导入拟南芥（A. thaliana）中，并考察了由此产生的表型。结果表明，在拟南芥中过表达 ZjPYL8 会导致气孔孔径和根长在 ABA 处理下显著减少，而野生型（WT）对 ABA 相对不敏感。此外，在盐处理条件下，ZjPYL8 转基因植株比 WT 表现出更短的根系。这些研究结果表明，ZjPYL8在A. thaliana中的过表达增强了植物的抗逆性，并支持了ZjPYL8在酸枣中作为一种推定的ABA受体的假设，这可能会提高植物对干旱和盐胁迫的适应性。ZjPYL8 似乎能介导植物对 ABA 的反应，这与 A. thaliana 中的大多数 ABA 受体相似，如气孔关闭和根长。
{"title":"Functional characterization of ZjPYL8 from sour jujube: enhancing the sensitivity of stomata and roots to ABA in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Peiyan Wang, Lanting Qi, Junna Song, Ruojia Zhu, Xiaowei Han, Yu Liu, Xianyun Wang, Yuguang Zheng, Zhao Liu","doi":"10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5154","url":null,"abstract":"Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth, development, and adaptation to stress. The growth of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. Chou, commonly known as Suanzao in Chinese, is significantly influenced by environmental factors, particularly drought and salt stresses. In this study, we isolated and characterized a putative ABA receptor, ZjPYL8, from Sour jujube. To investigate the effects of ZjPYL8 overexpression on ABA-responsive pathways, we introduced it into Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and examined the resulting phenotypes. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of ZjPYL8 in A. thaliana led to a significant reduction in stomatal aperture and root length under ABA treatment, while the wild type (WT) was relatively insensitive to ABA. Moreover, ZjPYL8 transgenic plants exhibited shorter roots under salt treatment than the WT did. These findings suggest that the overexpression of ZjPYL8 in A. thaliana enhances the plant's resistance to stress and support the hypothesis that ZjPYL8 serves as a putative ABA receptor in Sour jujube, which may improve the plant's adaptability to drought and salt stresses. ZjPYL8 appears to mediate plant responses to ABA, similar to most ABA receptors in A. thaliana, such as stomatal closure and root length.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5186
D. Gawęda, Sylwia Andruszczak, J. Buczek
Soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a legume valued for, among other things, the high nutritional value of its seeds, which contain around 40% protein with an excellent amino acid composition and a significant fat content. The study aimed to evaluate the protein, fat, fibre and amino acids content of the seeds of two soya bean varieties sown at different row spacings under organic and conventional growing conditions. The study showed that the conventional method of production has a more favourable effect on the soya bean’s protein content and the most amino acids, primarily essential amino acids. In organic cultivation, soya bean seeds were characterised by a higher content of fat and sulphur amino acids (methionine and cysteine). The research carried out indicates that the seeds of the Aldana variety, compared to the Merlin variety, have greater nutritional importance to humans due to a higher content of protein and almost all amino acids, including essential amino acids. Only a higher content of seed fat and tryptophan was evidenced in the Merlin variety. Row spacing did not significantly differentiate the assessed soya bean seed quality parameters. Only the amount of methionine was significantly higher when soya beans were grown at a narrower row spacing (22.5 cm).
大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）是一种豆科植物，其种子营养价值高，含有约 40% 的蛋白质，氨基酸组成优良，脂肪含量也很高。这项研究旨在评估在有机和常规种植条件下以不同行距播种的两个大豆品种种子中的蛋白质、脂肪、纤维和氨基酸含量。研究结果表明，常规生产方式对大豆的蛋白质含量和大部分氨基酸（主要是必需氨基酸）有更有利的影响。在有机种植条件下，大豆种子的特点是脂肪和含硫氨基酸（蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸）含量较高。研究表明，与梅林品种相比，阿尔达纳品种的大豆种子由于蛋白质和几乎所有氨基酸（包括必需氨基酸）的含量更高，因此对人类的营养价值更高。只有梅林品种的种子脂肪和色氨酸含量较高。行距对所评估的大豆种子质量参数没有明显差异。只有蛋氨酸的含量在以较窄行距（22.5 厘米）种植大豆时明显较高。
{"title":"Impact of organic and conventional cultivation on seed quality of two soya bean varieties sown at different row spacings","authors":"D. Gawęda, Sylwia Andruszczak, J. Buczek","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5186","url":null,"abstract":"Soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a legume valued for, among other things, the high nutritional value of its seeds, which contain around 40% protein with an excellent amino acid composition and a significant fat content. The study aimed to evaluate the protein, fat, fibre and amino acids content of the seeds of two soya bean varieties sown at different row spacings under organic and conventional growing conditions. The study showed that the conventional method of production has a more favourable effect on the soya bean’s protein content and the most amino acids, primarily essential amino acids. In organic cultivation, soya bean seeds were characterised by a higher content of fat and sulphur amino acids (methionine and cysteine). The research carried out indicates that the seeds of the Aldana variety, compared to the Merlin variety, have greater nutritional importance to humans due to a higher content of protein and almost all amino acids, including essential amino acids. Only a higher content of seed fat and tryptophan was evidenced in the Merlin variety. Row spacing did not significantly differentiate the assessed soya bean seed quality parameters. Only the amount of methionine was significantly higher when soya beans were grown at a narrower row spacing (22.5 cm).","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought is one of the major limiting factors for crops that severely reduce plant growth and productivity. The application of cytokinin (Ck) and silicon (Si) fertilizers can help increase tolerance to drought stress in sesame plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ck and Si fertilizers on seed yield, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities in sesame plants under drought-stress conditions. The experiment was conducted as a split plot-factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Firuzkandeh Agricultural Research Station during two crop years of 2020 and 2021. The main plot was three drought stress levels: control, moderate drought stress (MDS), and severe drought stress (SDS), whereas the subplots were three Si application levels: control or non-use of Si, calcium silicate and nano-Si, and two Ck application levels: control or non-use of Ck, Ck application. The results indicated that the sesame seed yield was reduced by 9.3% under MDS and by 32.7% under SDS when compared with control conditions. The highest MDA content and proline accumulation were observed when the plants were subjected to SDS, whereas the higher activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred under MDS. Higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduction of MDA content was observed in the plants treated by combined application of Si and Ck under MDS. However, the higher seed yield, greater proline content, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities were obtained from plants treated by nano-Si than calcium silicate. Overall, the results of the present study revealed that the foliar application of nano-Si + Ck can be a promising option for mitigating the negative impacts of drought stress and improving sesame seed yield.
干旱是作物生长的主要限制因素之一，会严重降低植物的生长和产量。施用细胞分裂素（Ck）和硅（Si）肥料有助于提高芝麻植物对干旱胁迫的耐受性。本研究旨在评估细胞分裂素（Ck）和硅肥对干旱胁迫条件下芝麻植物种子产量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响。该试验于 2020 年和 2021 年两个作物年度在 Firuzkandeh 农业研究站进行，采用随机完全区组设计，分小区-阶乘法，三次重复。主小区为三个干旱胁迫水平：对照、中度干旱胁迫（MDS）和严重干旱胁迫（SDS），子小区为三个施硅水平：对照或不施硅、硅酸钙和纳米硅，以及两个施Ck水平：对照或不施Ck、施Ck。结果表明，与对照条件相比，MDS 条件下芝麻产量减少了 9.3%，SDS 条件下减少了 32.7%。在 SDS 条件下，植株的 MDA 含量和脯氨酸积累最高，而在 MDS 条件下，抗氧化酶的活性较高。在 MDS 条件下，联合施用 Si 和 Ck 的植株抗氧化酶活性更高，MDA 含量降低。然而，与硅酸钙相比，纳米硅处理的植物获得了更高的种子产量、更高的脯氨酸含量和更高的抗氧化酶活性。总之，本研究的结果表明，叶面喷施纳米 Si + Ck 是减轻干旱胁迫负面影响和提高芝麻产量的一种可行方法。
{"title":"Variations of yield, biochemical and antioxidative responses in sesame with silicon and cytokinin treatments under drought stress","authors":"Ali Mohammadi Kharkeshi, Elyas Rahimi Petroudi, Fazl Shirdel Shahmiri, Hamidreza Mobasser, Alireza Daneshmand","doi":"10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5048","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the major limiting factors for crops that severely reduce plant growth and productivity. The application of cytokinin (Ck) and silicon (Si) fertilizers can help increase tolerance to drought stress in sesame plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ck and Si fertilizers on seed yield, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities in sesame plants under drought-stress conditions. The experiment was conducted as a split plot-factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Firuzkandeh Agricultural Research Station during two crop years of 2020 and 2021. The main plot was three drought stress levels: control, moderate drought stress (MDS), and severe drought stress (SDS), whereas the subplots were three Si application levels: control or non-use of Si, calcium silicate and nano-Si, and two Ck application levels: control or non-use of Ck, Ck application. The results indicated that the sesame seed yield was reduced by 9.3% under MDS and by 32.7% under SDS when compared with control conditions. The highest MDA content and proline accumulation were observed when the plants were subjected to SDS, whereas the higher activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred under MDS. Higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduction of MDA content was observed in the plants treated by combined application of Si and Ck under MDS. However, the higher seed yield, greater proline content, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities were obtained from plants treated by nano-Si than calcium silicate. Overall, the results of the present study revealed that the foliar application of nano-Si + Ck can be a promising option for mitigating the negative impacts of drought stress and improving sesame seed yield.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5151
Bita Sadeghi, V. Abdossi, V. Zarrinnia, Nader Hasanzadeh
An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement with three treatments of salinity (0 or check, 150, and 300 mM), and five bacterial elicitors treatments (fungal consortium (bioactive) (BFC), fungal elicitor at 1,000 ppm concentration (EL1), fungal elicitor at 2,000 ppm concentration (EL2), bacteria (BS) (Bacillus safensis), and bacteria (BP) (Bacillus pumilus)) in the Horticultural Science Laboratory to evaluate the effect of biological elicitors, including fungi and bacteria, on resistance to salinity stress in the date palms. The results showed that the lowest hydrogen peroxide content (278 µmol/g) was found in the elicitor of B. safensis at the zero salinity level. Catalase enzyme activity was higher in the treatments of fungal elicitor at 2,000 ppm concentration and the zero salinity level, B. safensis at the 150 mM salinity level, and fungal consortium at the 300 mM salinity level. The hydrogen peroxide content in the plant decreased as the activity of PAL and PPO enzymes increased. Applying an elicitor may reduce the effects of salinity stress in the date palm, but the stress level could determine the impact of each elicitor.
实验采用完全随机设计（CRD）和因子排列法，有三种盐度处理（0 或检查、150 和 300 毫摩尔）和五种细菌激发剂处理（真菌联合体（生物活性）（BFC）、浓度为 1,000 ppm 的真菌激发剂（EL1）、浓度为 2,000 ppm 的真菌激发剂（EL2）、细菌（BS）（安全芽孢杆菌）和细菌（BP）（枯草芽孢杆菌）、在园艺科学实验室中，对真菌和细菌等生物诱导剂对枣椰树抗盐碱胁迫的影响进行了评估。结果表明，在零盐度水平下，B. safensis 的激发剂中过氧化氢含量最低（278 µmol/g）。在 2,000 ppm 浓度的真菌激发剂和零盐度水平、150 mM 盐度水平的 B. safensis 以及 300 mM 盐度水平的真菌复合体处理中，过氧化氢酶活性较高。随着 PAL 和 PPO 酶活性的增加，植物体内的过氧化氢含量也随之降低。施用诱导剂可减轻盐胁迫对枣椰树的影响，但胁迫水平可决定每种诱导剂的影响。
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of biological elicitors on the resistance to salinity stress in the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Stameran)","authors":"Bita Sadeghi, V. Abdossi, V. Zarrinnia, Nader Hasanzadeh","doi":"10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asp.hc.2023.5151","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement with three treatments of salinity (0 or check, 150, and 300 mM), and five bacterial elicitors treatments (fungal consortium (bioactive) (BFC), fungal elicitor at 1,000 ppm concentration (EL1), fungal elicitor at 2,000 ppm concentration (EL2), bacteria (BS) (Bacillus safensis), and bacteria (BP) (Bacillus pumilus)) in the Horticultural Science Laboratory to evaluate the effect of biological elicitors, including fungi and bacteria, on resistance to salinity stress in the date palms. The results showed that the lowest hydrogen peroxide content (278 µmol/g) was found in the elicitor of B. safensis at the zero salinity level. Catalase enzyme activity was higher in the treatments of fungal elicitor at 2,000 ppm concentration and the zero salinity level, B. safensis at the 150 mM salinity level, and fungal consortium at the 300 mM salinity level. The hydrogen peroxide content in the plant decreased as the activity of PAL and PPO enzymes increased. Applying an elicitor may reduce the effects of salinity stress in the date palm, but the stress level could determine the impact of each elicitor.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4172
M. Licznar-Małańczuk, Iwona Kwiecińska
The long-term influence of several living mulches on apple tree growth, nutrient status, yield, and fruit quality concerning the year of cover crop sowing in tree rows was evaluated in the Lower Silesia region in the southwestern part of Poland. The estimation was conducted in six apple tree ‘Ligol’ populations differentiated by the rootstock: M.26, M.9, P 60, P 2, P 16, and P 22. In experiment no. 1, one-year-old nursery stock was planted, and perennial living mulches were sown: colonial bent grass (Agrostis vulgaris With.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the same year and blue fescue (Festuca ovina L.) in the following year. In experiment no. 2, which involved two-year-old stock, the sowing of blue fescue was delayed until the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following orchard planting. The presence of the cover crop significantly affected young tree growth when one-year-old trees were planted. The sowing of the living mulch in the first or the second year after tree planting led to a significant reduction in the cumulative yield obtained from the young trees. The living mulch improved the red coloration of the fruit skin in the young orchard, but it caused a reduction in the mean fruit weight and size. However, it also contributed to decreased nitrogen concentration in the leaves of the apple trees, and the tree tolerance to living mulch increased as the orchard aged. A choice of semidwarf rootstock, postponed sowing of cover crop, and high-quality nursery stock were recognized as the most important factors for fostering apple tree tolerance to living mulches in tree rows.
{"title":"Application of living mulch in rows of the apple trees on several rootstocks – long-term evaluation","authors":"M. Licznar-Małańczuk, Iwona Kwiecińska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4172","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term influence of several living mulches on apple tree growth, nutrient status, yield, and fruit quality concerning the year of cover crop sowing in tree rows was evaluated in the Lower Silesia region in the southwestern part of Poland. The estimation was conducted in six apple tree ‘Ligol’ populations differentiated by the rootstock: M.26, M.9, P 60, P 2, P 16, and P 22. In experiment no. 1, one-year-old nursery stock was planted, and perennial living mulches were sown: colonial bent grass (Agrostis vulgaris With.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the same year and blue fescue (Festuca ovina L.) in the following year. In experiment no. 2, which involved two-year-old stock, the sowing of blue fescue was delayed until the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following orchard planting.\u0000The presence of the cover crop significantly affected young tree growth when one-year-old trees were planted. The sowing of the living mulch in the first or the second year after tree planting led to a significant reduction in the cumulative yield obtained from the young trees. The living mulch improved the red coloration of the fruit skin in the young orchard, but it caused a reduction in the mean fruit weight and size. However, it also contributed to decreased nitrogen concentration in the leaves of the apple trees, and the tree tolerance to living mulch increased as the orchard aged. A choice of semidwarf rootstock, postponed sowing of cover crop, and high-quality nursery stock were recognized as the most important factors for fostering apple tree tolerance to living mulches in tree rows.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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