T. Spiżewski, W. Krzesiński, A. Kałużewicz, Raghavendra Prasad, A. Zaworska
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of Agaricus bisporus spent mushroom substrate (A-SMS) enriched with selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) on the yield and photosynthetic parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) of the ‘Skindel’ cultivar. The growing medium for the cultivation of lettuce consisted of A-SMS (10%) and commercial peat (90%). It was further enriched with Se and Zn concentrated at five levels, i.e. 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mmol·L–1 to obtain six growing medias. Se was added to the growing medium in the form of sodium selenite and sodium selenate at a 1:1 ratio, whereas Zn was added in the form of zinc nitrate hexahydrate. Lettuce was grown under controlled conditions in growth chambers. The experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design in three replicates. The results indicated that the A-SMS added to the growing medium increased both the yield of lettuce and its biological value by increasing the content of Se and Zn. Consumable percent recommended daily allowance and safe hazard quotient for lettuce biofortified with Se and Zn were achieved. The experiment also showed that the addition of Se + Zn did not negatively affect photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, which proved that these elements did not have toxic effect on lettuce in agronomic perspective.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE ENRICHED WITH SELENIUM AND ZINC ON THE YIELD AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.)","authors":"T. Spiżewski, W. Krzesiński, A. Kałużewicz, Raghavendra Prasad, A. Zaworska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of Agaricus bisporus spent mushroom substrate (A-SMS) enriched with selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) on the yield and photosynthetic parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) of the ‘Skindel’ cultivar. The growing medium for the cultivation of lettuce consisted of A-SMS (10%) and commercial peat (90%). It was further enriched with Se and Zn concentrated at five levels, i.e. 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mmol·L–1 to obtain six growing medias. Se was added to the growing medium in the form of sodium selenite and sodium selenate at a 1:1 ratio, whereas Zn was added in the form of zinc nitrate hexahydrate. Lettuce was grown under controlled conditions in growth chambers. The experiment was conducted in a randomised complete block design in three replicates. The results indicated that the A-SMS added to the growing medium increased both the yield of lettuce and its biological value by increasing the content of Se and Zn. Consumable percent recommended daily allowance and safe hazard quotient for lettuce biofortified with Se and Zn were achieved. The experiment also showed that the addition of Se + Zn did not negatively affect photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, which proved that these elements did not have toxic effect on lettuce in agronomic perspective.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43043620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Patkowska, A. Jamiołkowska, E. Mielniczuk, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz
Biostimulants are friendly to the soil environment and can effectively improve the plant growth and yielding. The aim of field and laboratory studies was to establish the effect of biostimulants on the growth and on the health status of Scorzonera hispanica L. plants. The field experiment was carried out in south-eastern Poland on Haplic Luvisol. The biostimulants were applied according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Moreover, the biostimulants Asahi SL (active components: nitroguaiacolate and nitrophenolates), Beta-Chikol (a.s. – chitosan) and Bio-Algeen S90 (extract from seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum) were applied for the pre-sowing seed dressing of scorzonera cv. ´´Duplex´´. For comparison, the fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s. – tiuram 75%) was used. Untreated seeds served as control. Moreover, the biodiversity of soil-borne fungi colonizing the roots of this vegetable was determined. The number of seedlings and the health status of scorzonera plants were determined during three growing seasons. In each year of the study, both scorzonera seedlings with necrosis symptoms on the roots and the infected roots obtained after scorzonera harvest were subjected to laboratory mycological analysis. The experiments showed that, the emergence and health status of scorzonera seedlings after the application of biostimulants, especially after Beta-Chikol, were significantly better than in the control. Asahi SL and Beta-Chikol were more effective than Bio-Algeen S90 in limiting the occurrence of fungi pathogenic towards scorzonera plants. Diseased scorzonera roots were most frequently colonized by Alternaria scorzonerae, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium spp., especially by Fusarium oxysporum. In conclusion, Asahi SL, Beta-Chikol and Bio-Algeen S90 can be recommended as effective biostimulants in field cultivation of Scorzonera hispanica.
{"title":"BIODIVERSITY OF FUNGI COLONIZING SCORZONERA (Scorzonera hispanica L.) CULTIVATED WITH THE USE OF BIOSTIMULANTS","authors":"E. Patkowska, A. Jamiołkowska, E. Mielniczuk, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Biostimulants are friendly to the soil environment and can effectively improve the plant growth and yielding. The aim of field and laboratory studies was to establish the effect of biostimulants on the growth and on the health status of Scorzonera hispanica L. plants. The field experiment was carried out in south-eastern Poland on Haplic Luvisol. The biostimulants were applied according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Moreover, the biostimulants Asahi SL (active components: nitroguaiacolate and nitrophenolates), Beta-Chikol (a.s. – chitosan) and Bio-Algeen S90 (extract from seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum) were applied for the pre-sowing seed dressing of scorzonera cv. ´´Duplex´´. For comparison, the fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS (a.s. – tiuram 75%) was used. Untreated seeds served as control. Moreover, the biodiversity of soil-borne fungi colonizing the roots of this vegetable was determined. The number of seedlings and the health status of scorzonera plants were determined during three growing seasons. In each year of the study, both scorzonera seedlings with necrosis symptoms on the roots and the infected roots obtained after scorzonera harvest were subjected to laboratory mycological analysis. The experiments showed that, the emergence and health status of scorzonera seedlings after the application of biostimulants, especially after Beta-Chikol, were significantly better than in the control. Asahi SL and Beta-Chikol were more effective than Bio-Algeen S90 in limiting the occurrence of fungi pathogenic towards scorzonera plants. Diseased scorzonera roots were most frequently colonized by Alternaria scorzonerae, Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium spp., especially by Fusarium oxysporum. In conclusion, Asahi SL, Beta-Chikol and Bio-Algeen S90 can be recommended as effective biostimulants in field cultivation of Scorzonera hispanica.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43678578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical changes observed throughout the ripening process from veraison to harvest periods of 13 table grape cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. species. Present findings revealed that total acidity, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity of the grape cultivars decreased and water soluble dry matter (WSDM) content, must pH and total anthocyanins increased throughout the ripening process. In harvest period, water soluble dry matter (WSDM) contents varied between 17.0% (‘Trakya İlkeren’ and ‘Şilfoni cultivars’) and 21.6% (‘Kureyş’ cultivar); total acidity values varied between 0.42 g l–1 (Tekirdağ Seedless cultivar) and 1.26 g l–1 (‘Kızılatım’ cultivar); must pH values varied between 2.58 (‘Köhnü’ cultivar) and 3.29 (‘Trakya İlkeren’ cultivar); ripening index values varied between 15.60 (‘Şilfoni’ cultivar) and 41.90 (‘Tekirdağ Seedless’ cultivar); total phenolics varied between 723.5 µg GAE g–1 (‘Mazırım’ cultivar) and 2657 µg GAE g–1 (‘Banazı Karası’ cultivar); total antioxidant capacities varied between 4.27 µmol TE g–1 (‘Mazırım’ cultivar) and 8.21 µmol TE g–1 (‘Köhnü’ cultivar); total anthocyanins varied between 32.3 malvidin-3-o-glikozit µg g–1 (‘Kızılatım’ cultivar) and 205.2 malvidin-3-o-glikozit µg g–1 (‘Banazı Karası’ cultivar). Berry skin colors strongly correlated with total phenolics (R2 = 0.9376) and total antioxidant capacity (R2 = 0.8296).
研究了13个鲜食葡萄品种(Vitis vinifera L.)从变熟到收获的整个成熟过程中的生化变化。结果表明，在整个成熟过程中，葡萄品种的总酸度、总酚类物质和总抗氧化能力下降，水溶性干物质(WSDM)含量、总pH值和总花青素含量增加。采收期水溶性干物质(WSDM)含量在‘Trakya İlkeren’和‘Şilfoni’品种的17.0%和‘kureykan’品种的21.6%之间变化;总酸度值在0.42 g - 1(无籽品种)和1.26 g - 1 (Kızılatım品种)之间变化;必须pH值在2.58 (' Köhnü '品种)和3.29 (' Trakya İlkeren '品种)之间变化;成熟指数在15.60 (Şilfoni)和41.90 (tekirdak无籽)之间变化;总酚含量在‘Mazırım’品种的723.5µg GAE g - 1和‘banazul karasir’品种的2657µg GAE g - 1之间变化;总抗氧化能力在4.27µmol TE g-1(“Mazırım”品种)和8.21µmol TE g-1(“Köhnü”品种)之间变化;总花青素在32.3 malvidin-3-o-glikozitµg - 1 (' Kızılatım '品种)和205.2 malvidin-3-o-glikozitµg - 1 (' banazizykaras'品种)之间变化。浆果果皮颜色与总酚含量(R2 = 0.9376)和总抗氧化能力(R2 = 0.8296)呈极显著相关。
{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN SOME TABLE GRAPE CULTIVARS THROUGHOUT THE RIPENING PROCESS","authors":"A. Doğan, C. Uyak","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical changes observed throughout the ripening process from veraison to harvest periods of 13 table grape cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. species. Present findings revealed that total acidity, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity of the grape cultivars decreased and water soluble dry matter (WSDM) content, must pH and total anthocyanins increased throughout the ripening process. In harvest period, water soluble dry matter (WSDM) contents varied between 17.0% (‘Trakya İlkeren’ and ‘Şilfoni cultivars’) and 21.6% (‘Kureyş’ cultivar); total acidity values varied between 0.42 g l–1 (Tekirdağ Seedless cultivar) and 1.26 g l–1 (‘Kızılatım’ cultivar); must pH values varied between 2.58 (‘Köhnü’ cultivar) and 3.29 (‘Trakya İlkeren’ cultivar); ripening index values varied between 15.60 (‘Şilfoni’ cultivar) and 41.90 (‘Tekirdağ Seedless’ cultivar); total phenolics varied between 723.5 µg GAE g–1 (‘Mazırım’ cultivar) and 2657 µg GAE g–1 (‘Banazı Karası’ cultivar); total antioxidant capacities varied between 4.27 µmol TE g–1 (‘Mazırım’ cultivar) and 8.21 µmol TE g–1 (‘Köhnü’ cultivar); total anthocyanins varied between 32.3 malvidin-3-o-glikozit µg g–1 (‘Kızılatım’ cultivar) and 205.2 malvidin-3-o-glikozit µg g–1 (‘Banazı Karası’ cultivar). Berry skin colors strongly correlated with total phenolics (R2 = 0.9376) and total antioxidant capacity (R2 = 0.8296).","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48090658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Velasco-Ramírez, Marcos Villegas-Lozano, A. P. Velasco-Ramírez, R. M. Hernández-Herrera, A. Hernández-Pérez, María Luisa García-Sahagún, M. Torres-Morán
Daminozide (B-Nine) it is a plant growth regulator, is translocated from the leaves to the stem to avoid elongation and produce more compact plants and uniform growth and vigor. For the cultivation of Lisiathus the information of the damonizide application is scarce despite of great marketing potential, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of daminozide on the vegetative growth and flowering of Lisianthus grown in pot. Granulated Lisianthus seeds were germinated and transplanted into pots under nursery conditions. Three foliar applications of daminozide were realized; two applications in vegetative stage and one in flowering, adding three concentrations in each of them (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml L–1) were used and water was applied as a control during the vegetative and flowering phases. The applications of daminozide at 1.0 and 1.5 ml L–1 were optimal for the vegetative development in Lisianthus (plant height – 15 cm, size of the internodes – 2.5 cm, number of branches – 3, width and length of the leaves – 3 cm and 6.5 cm), while the dose of 0.5 ml L–1 was favorable for all flowering stages (beginning of flowering – 182 buttons, sepals closed and larger than the petals – 53), visible petals larger than the sepals – 25, floral opening and full flowering – 3 flowers per plant). Based on these results, the application of B-Nine at low concentrations (0.5 and 1 ml L–1) is recommended for the development of Lisianthus in pots.
达米诺齐特（B-Nine）是一种植物生长调节剂，从叶子转移到茎上，以避免伸长，并产生更紧凑的植物和均匀的生长和活力。尽管具有巨大的市场潜力，但对利西雅的栽培来说，有关其应用的信息很少，因此本研究的目的是评估达米诺齐特对盆栽利西雅营养生长和开花的影响。在苗圃条件下，将粒化的李籽发芽并移植到花盆中。达氨酰肼实现了三次叶面应用；在营养期施用两次，在开花期施用一次，分别添加三种浓度（0.5、1.0和1.5 ml L-1），并在营养期和开花期用水作为对照。1.0和1.5 ml L–1的达米诺齐特施用量对李仙桃的营养发育最为有利（株高–15 cm，节间大小–2.5 cm，分枝数–3，叶宽和叶长–3 cm和6.5 cm），而0.5 ml L–1的剂量对所有开花阶段都是有利的（开花初期-182粒纽扣，萼片闭合且大于花瓣-53），可见花瓣大于萼片-25，开花和完全开花–每株3朵花）。基于这些结果，建议在花盆中施用低浓度（0.5和1 ml L–1）的B-Nine来开发Lisianthus。
{"title":"EFFECT OF DAMINOZIDE ON THE GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF Eustoma grandiflorum PROPAGATED IN POTTED","authors":"A. Velasco-Ramírez, Marcos Villegas-Lozano, A. P. Velasco-Ramírez, R. M. Hernández-Herrera, A. Hernández-Pérez, María Luisa García-Sahagún, M. Torres-Morán","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Daminozide (B-Nine) it is a plant growth regulator, is translocated from the leaves to the stem to avoid elongation and produce more compact plants and uniform growth and vigor. For the cultivation of Lisiathus the information of the damonizide application is scarce despite of great marketing potential, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of daminozide on the vegetative growth and flowering of Lisianthus grown in pot. Granulated Lisianthus seeds were germinated and transplanted into pots under nursery conditions. Three foliar applications of daminozide were realized; two applications in vegetative stage and one in flowering, adding three concentrations in each of them (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml L–1) were used and water was applied as a control during the vegetative and flowering phases. The applications of daminozide at 1.0 and 1.5 ml L–1 were optimal for the vegetative development in Lisianthus (plant height – 15 cm, size of the internodes – 2.5 cm, number of branches – 3, width and length of the leaves – 3 cm and 6.5 cm), while the dose of 0.5 ml L–1 was favorable for all flowering stages (beginning of flowering – 182 buttons, sepals closed and larger than the petals – 53), visible petals larger than the sepals – 25, floral opening and full flowering – 3 flowers per plant). Based on these results, the application of B-Nine at low concentrations (0.5 and 1 ml L–1) is recommended for the development of Lisianthus in pots.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46611901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.3.10
M. Can, N. Katar, D. Katar
The yield and quality traits of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) depending on the plant developmental phases were investigated under Turkey’s Eskisehir ecological conditions in 2019 and 2020. The experiment were conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The developmental stages examined were before-flowering, beginning of flowering, full flowering and after flowering stage. The effect of harvest times on examined all parameters was very significant (p ≤ 0.05). The maximum yields of fresh herb and dry leaf + flower were obtained from after-flowering stage. However, no significant difference was observed between full flowering and after-flowering period for dry leaf + flower yield. On the other hand, the essential oil content (0.93%) and essential oil yield (24.01 L ha–1) in the full flowering stage were found to be higher. The main components of hyssop essential oil were as follows: pinocamphone (38.41–41.85%), isopinocamphone (22.73–22.99%) and β-pinene (7.92–8.94%). Maximum pinocamphone content was observed in the before-flowering period. To harvesting in full flowering of hyssop plant can be a reasonable strategy in terms of high dry leaf + flower yield, essential oil content and yield.
2019年和2020年，在土耳其的Eskisehir生态条件下，研究了牛膝草（Hyssopus officinalis L.）的产量和质量特征，这些特征取决于植物发育阶段。实验采用随机完全区组设计，共3次重复。研究的发育阶段为开花前、开花开始、完全开花和开花后阶段。采收期对各参数的影响非常显著（p≤0.05），鲜草和干叶+花的产量在开花后达到最大。然而，干叶+花产量在盛花期和花后期之间没有观察到显著差异。另一方面，全花期的精油含量（0.93%）和精油产量（24.01 L ha–1）较高。牛膝草精油的主要成分为：皮诺（38.41–41.85%）、异皮诺（22.73–22.99%）和β-蒎烯（7.92–8.94%）。从高干叶+高花产量、高精油含量和高产量的角度来看，在牛膝草开花期收获是一种合理的策略。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING APPLIED AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT ON Hyssopus officinalis L. PRODUCTION","authors":"M. Can, N. Katar, D. Katar","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The yield and quality traits of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) depending on the plant developmental phases were investigated under Turkey’s Eskisehir ecological conditions in 2019 and 2020. The experiment were conducted in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The developmental stages examined were before-flowering, beginning of flowering, full flowering and after flowering stage. The effect of harvest times on examined all parameters was very significant (p ≤ 0.05). The maximum yields of fresh herb and dry leaf + flower were obtained from after-flowering stage. However, no significant difference was observed between full flowering and after-flowering period for dry leaf + flower yield. On the other hand, the essential oil content (0.93%) and essential oil yield (24.01 L ha–1) in the full flowering stage were found to be higher. The main components of hyssop essential oil were as follows: pinocamphone (38.41–41.85%), isopinocamphone (22.73–22.99%) and β-pinene (7.92–8.94%). Maximum pinocamphone content was observed in the before-flowering period. To harvesting in full flowering of hyssop plant can be a reasonable strategy in terms of high dry leaf + flower yield, essential oil content and yield.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49370497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Dinler, Hatice Cetinkaya, I. Sergiev, Elena Shopova, D. Todorova
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: directly, by straight clearance of reactive oxygen species; and indirectly by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. However, the regulatory effects of PBZ under salt stress in soybean are still not well explained and need further investigation. With this aim, the combination effect of salinity (250 mM NaCl) and three different doses of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on physiological, biochemical and molecular traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves were studied in soil experiments. Furthermore, physiological parameters (relative growth rate, relative water content), chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and as well as enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POX, APX, CAT and GST), ion content (Na, Cl) and soybean Na+/H+ antiporter GmNHX1 and chloride channel GmCLC1 gene expressions were investigated. The results showed that PBZ caused a reduction in salt-induced damages and an increase in biomass yield, water status, and chlorophyll. Moreover, PBZ regulated enzymatic antioxidants and alleviated the oxidative damages under salinity. In this study, for a first time it was determined that PBZ increased both GmNHX1 (ABA dependent or independent) and GmCLC1 (ABA independent) gene expressions and reduced Na and Cl concentrations in soybean under salinity. In conclusion, PBZ plays a role as a regulator and stimulant in salt stress response by mostly regulating ion balance in soybean leaves.
多效唑（PBZ）通过两种方式增强植物对盐胁迫的抗性：直接清除活性氧；以及通过提高抗氧化酶活性、光合效率和代谢产物含量，以及通过调节与应激相关的转录因子来间接提高。然而，PBZ在大豆盐胁迫下的调节作用仍未得到很好的解释，需要进一步研究。为此，在土壤试验中研究了盐度（250mM NaCl）和三种不同剂量的PBZ（5、10和20ppm）对大豆（Glycine max L.）叶片生理、生化和分子性状的组合效应。此外，还研究了生理参数（相对生长速率、相对含水量）、叶绿素、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢（H2O2）含量以及酶抗氧化剂（SOD、POX、APX、CAT和GST）、离子含量（Na、Cl）和大豆Na+/H+反转运蛋白GmNHX1和氯离子通道GmCLC1基因的表达。结果表明，PBZ减少了盐诱导的损伤，增加了生物量产量、水分状况和叶绿素。此外，PBZ调节酶促抗氧化剂，减轻盐度下的氧化损伤。在本研究中，首次确定PBZ增加了大豆中GmNHX1（ABA依赖或非依赖）和GmCLC1（ABA非依赖）基因的表达，并降低了盐度下的Na和Cl浓度。总之，PBZ主要通过调节大豆叶片的离子平衡，在盐胁迫反应中发挥调节和刺激作用。
{"title":"PACLOBUTRAZOL DEPENDENT SALT TOLERANCE IS RELATED TO CLC1 AND NHX1 GENE EXPRESSION IN SOYBEAN PLANTS","authors":"B. Dinler, Hatice Cetinkaya, I. Sergiev, Elena Shopova, D. Todorova","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Paclobutrazol (PBZ) enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: directly, by straight clearance of reactive oxygen species; and indirectly by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. However, the regulatory effects of PBZ under salt stress in soybean are still not well explained and need further investigation. With this aim, the combination effect of salinity (250 mM NaCl) and three different doses of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on physiological, biochemical and molecular traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves were studied in soil experiments. Furthermore, physiological parameters (relative growth rate, relative water content), chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and as well as enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POX, APX, CAT and GST), ion content (Na, Cl) and soybean Na+/H+ antiporter GmNHX1 and chloride channel GmCLC1 gene expressions were investigated. The results showed that PBZ caused a reduction in salt-induced damages and an increase in biomass yield, water status, and chlorophyll. Moreover, PBZ regulated enzymatic antioxidants and alleviated the oxidative damages under salinity. In this study, for a first time it was determined that PBZ increased both GmNHX1 (ABA dependent or independent) and GmCLC1 (ABA independent) gene expressions and reduced Na and Cl concentrations in soybean under salinity. In conclusion, PBZ plays a role as a regulator and stimulant in salt stress response by mostly regulating ion balance in soybean leaves.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46461723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahyar Mohammadzadeh, Yousof Niknejad, H. Fallah, Davood Barari, S. M. Baghbanian
In order to investigate the effects of enriched zeolite and poultry manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a field experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Amol, Mazandaran province, Iran in 2017 and 2018. Zeolite in five levels including Z1 (control), Z2 – zeolite application, Z3 – enriched zeolite with zinc, Z4 – enriched zeolite with copper and Z5 – enriched zeolite with zinc + copper as well as Poultry manure in five levels including P1 (control), P2 – poultry manure application, P3 – fortified poultry manure with zinc, P4 – fortified poultry manure with copper and P5 – fortified poultry manure with zinc+copper were considered as experimental factors. The results showed that the application of enriched poultry manure and zeolite with zinc and copper caused a significant increase in yield components, yield, photosynthetic pigments and nutrient concentrations in green beans compared to separate application of poultry manure or zeolite and control. In terms of poultry manure application, maximum grain yield (1.74 t/ha) by P5 treatment and in case of zeolite application, highest grain yield (1.71 t/ha) was achieved by Z5 treatment, and by not using fertilizer treatments, yield decreased by about 27% and 23.3%, respectively. Therefore, considering the positive response of green bean to the application of enriched poultry manure and zeolite, it seems that the use of these fertilizers while reducing the application of chemical fertilizers is a suitable method for improving plant yield along with healthy and sustainable production of agricultural products.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF ENRICHED ZEOLITE AND POULTRY MANURE ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEN BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"Mahyar Mohammadzadeh, Yousof Niknejad, H. Fallah, Davood Barari, S. M. Baghbanian","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the effects of enriched zeolite and poultry manure on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a field experiment was conducted as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Amol, Mazandaran province, Iran in 2017 and 2018. Zeolite in five levels including Z1 (control), Z2 – zeolite application, Z3 – enriched zeolite with zinc, Z4 – enriched zeolite with copper and Z5 – enriched zeolite with zinc + copper as well as Poultry manure in five levels including P1 (control), P2 – poultry manure application, P3 – fortified poultry manure with zinc, P4 – fortified poultry manure with copper and P5 – fortified poultry manure with zinc+copper were considered as experimental factors. The results showed that the application of enriched poultry manure and zeolite with zinc and copper caused a significant increase in yield components, yield, photosynthetic pigments and nutrient concentrations in green beans compared to separate application of poultry manure or zeolite and control. In terms of poultry manure application, maximum grain yield (1.74 t/ha) by P5 treatment and in case of zeolite application, highest grain yield (1.71 t/ha) was achieved by Z5 treatment, and by not using fertilizer treatments, yield decreased by about 27% and 23.3%, respectively. Therefore, considering the positive response of green bean to the application of enriched poultry manure and zeolite, it seems that the use of these fertilizers while reducing the application of chemical fertilizers is a suitable method for improving plant yield along with healthy and sustainable production of agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.5.12
A. Woźniak
Seed yield and weed infestation of pea as well as soil properties were evaluated in the systems of conventional (TA) and conservation (CA) agriculture. In both agricultural systems, pea was grown in crop rotation: potato – winter wheat – pea – winter barley. Shallow ploughing (10–12 cm) after previous crop harvest and pre-winter ploughing (20–25 cm) were performed, whereas a pre-sowing cultivation set was deployed in the springtime in TA. In CA, glyphosate was applied after previous crop harvest, and post-harvest residues were left on the filed surface (4.5 t ha–1). A cultivation-sowing set was used in the springtime, and pea was sown at the beginning of April. The study demonstrated that the agricultural systems tested had no significant effect on pea seed yield. A higher number and air-dry weight of weeds, and a higher weed species number were demonstrated in TA than in CA. Also, a higher number and air-dry weight of weeds were recorded in 2020 than in the other study years. Contents of organic C and total N in the soil and the number of earthworms were higher in CA than in TA.
在传统（TA）和保护（CA）农业系统中评估了豌豆的种子产量、杂草侵扰以及土壤特性。在这两种农业系统中，豌豆都是轮作种植的：马铃薯-冬小麦-豌豆-冬大麦。在前一次作物收获后进行浅耕（10-12厘米）和冬前耕（20-25厘米），而在TA的春季部署了播种前栽培装置。在CA，草甘膦是在前一次作物收割后施用的，收割后的残留物留在田地表面（4.5 t ha–1）。种植播种机在春天使用，豌豆在四月初播种。研究表明，所测试的农业系统对豌豆种子产量没有显著影响。TA的杂草数量和空气干重高于CA。此外，2020年的杂草数量与空气干重也高于其他研究年份。土壤中有机碳和总氮含量以及蚯蚓数量在CA中高于TA。
{"title":"Seed yield and weed infestation of pea (Pisum sativum L.), and soil properties in the systems of conventional and conservation agriculture","authors":"A. Woźniak","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.12","url":null,"abstract":"Seed yield and weed infestation of pea as well as soil properties were evaluated in the systems of conventional (TA) and conservation (CA) agriculture. In both agricultural systems, pea was grown in crop rotation: potato – winter wheat – pea – winter barley. Shallow ploughing (10–12 cm) after previous crop harvest and pre-winter ploughing (20–25 cm) were performed, whereas a pre-sowing cultivation set was deployed in the springtime in TA. In CA, glyphosate was applied after previous crop harvest, and post-harvest residues were left on the filed surface (4.5 t ha–1). A cultivation-sowing set was used in the springtime, and pea was sown at the beginning of April. The study demonstrated that the agricultural systems tested had no significant effect on pea seed yield. A higher number and air-dry weight of weeds, and a higher weed species number were demonstrated in TA than in CA. Also, a higher number and air-dry weight of weeds were recorded in 2020 than in the other study years. Contents of organic C and total N in the soil and the number of earthworms were higher in CA than in TA.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49664857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kassem, H. Marzouk, Bander Almunqedhi, I. El-berry
The present study was carried out during both 2018 and 2019 growing seasons on ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape vine grown on sandy soil. Vines received water, salicylic acid 200 mg/L, chitosan 10 g/L, putrescine 5 mM, phenylalanine 400 mg/L, ascorbic acid 500 mg/L, citric acid 700 mg/L, gibberellic acid 20 mg/L, active dry yeast 15 g/L at véraison (change of color) stages and at 10 days before harvesting time. Fruit clusters were harvested when total soluble solids (TSS) reached 16%, stored at 0°C and 85–90 relative humidity for 35 days then kept 2 days at shelf life (25 ±2°C and air humidity 70 ±2). Results at harvest time showed that, salicylic acid, putrescine, gibberellic acid and yeast increased average berry weight and juice volume. Salicylic acid, chitosan, putrescine, citric acid and gibberellic acid maintained the berry adherence strength and firmness. Salicylic acid, chitosan, putrescine and phenylalanine increased berry red color, as well as berry anthocyanin, TSS and sugars content. Highest acidity content was obtained by salicylic acid, chitosan, citric acid and gibberellic acid spraying. Results after cold storage and shelf life showed that, berry weight loss decreased significantly by all chemical sprays, except phenylalanine. High maintenance of berry adherence strength and firmness occurred by gibberellic acid followed by putrescine. All chemicals reduced the unmarketable grapes except the phenylalanine.
{"title":"Postharvest quality maintenance of 'Crimson Seedless' grapes by preharvest applications","authors":"H. Kassem, H. Marzouk, Bander Almunqedhi, I. El-berry","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out during both 2018 and 2019 growing seasons on ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape vine grown on sandy soil. Vines received water, salicylic acid 200 mg/L, chitosan 10 g/L, putrescine 5 mM, phenylalanine 400 mg/L, ascorbic acid 500 mg/L, citric acid 700 mg/L, gibberellic acid 20 mg/L, active dry yeast 15 g/L at véraison (change of color) stages and at 10 days before harvesting time. Fruit clusters were harvested when total soluble solids (TSS) reached 16%, stored at 0°C and 85–90 relative humidity for 35 days then kept 2 days at shelf life (25 ±2°C and air humidity 70 ±2). Results at harvest time showed that, salicylic acid, putrescine, gibberellic acid and yeast increased average berry weight and juice volume. Salicylic acid, chitosan, putrescine, citric acid and gibberellic acid maintained the berry adherence strength and firmness. Salicylic acid, chitosan, putrescine and phenylalanine increased berry red color, as well as berry anthocyanin, TSS and sugars content. Highest acidity content was obtained by salicylic acid, chitosan, citric acid and gibberellic acid spraying. Results after cold storage and shelf life showed that, berry weight loss decreased significantly by all chemical sprays, except phenylalanine. High maintenance of berry adherence strength and firmness occurred by gibberellic acid followed by putrescine. All chemicals reduced the unmarketable grapes except the phenylalanine. ","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43521758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.1.12
Masoumeh Vakili-Ghartavol, H. Arouiee, S. Golmohammadzadeh, M. Naseri
The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of Mentha × Piperita L. (peppermint) essential oil (EO) against some plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Rhizopus stolonifer). Antifungal activity of EO against the selected fungi was conducted using the agar diffusion method by adding peppermint EO concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 ppm). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of peppermint EO showed that the main constituent was menthol (36.4%), followed by menthone (27.7%) and menthyl acetate (11.2%). The mycelium growth of the selected fungi was significantly inhibited by peppermint EO. Light and electron microscopy studies showed that mycelium morphology was seriously changed after treatment with peppermint essential oil. The level of malondialdehyde illustrated that peppermint EO led to lipid peroxidation in the fungal pathogens. Therefore, due to its antifungal properties, peppermint EO can be used as an additive in the food industry and as an active substance in pharmaceuticals.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of Mentha × Piperita L. essential oil","authors":"Masoumeh Vakili-Ghartavol, H. Arouiee, S. Golmohammadzadeh, M. Naseri","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of Mentha × Piperita L. (peppermint) essential oil (EO) against some plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Rhizopus stolonifer). Antifungal activity of EO against the selected fungi was conducted using the agar diffusion method by adding peppermint EO concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 ppm). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of peppermint EO showed that the main constituent was menthol (36.4%), followed by menthone (27.7%) and menthyl acetate (11.2%). The mycelium growth of the selected fungi was significantly inhibited by peppermint EO. Light and electron microscopy studies showed that mycelium morphology was seriously changed after treatment with peppermint essential oil. The level of malondialdehyde illustrated that peppermint EO led to lipid peroxidation in the fungal pathogens. Therefore, due to its antifungal properties, peppermint EO can be used as an additive in the food industry and as an active substance in pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49308778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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