Weronika Kursa, Agmieszka Jamiołkowska, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, R. Kowalski, Jakub Wyrostek, E. Patkowska, M. Kopacki
Crops are subject to yield losses caused by the presence of pests whose species and population diversity are changing with climate warming. The use of agrochemicals is still the most effective method of plant protection against diseases and pests. However, the intensive use of pesticides in some EU countries makes it necessary to search for alternative methods that can be applied in plant protection for consumer and environmental safety. The aim of the study was the laboratory evaluation of the fungistatic effect of extracts of herbal plants occurring in natural state in Poland: horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) on selected polyphagic phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum coccodes and Fusarium oxysporum). In this study, 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations of herbal water-extract extracts were applied to evaluate their effects on linear growth of fungi and inhibition of their growth relative to control. Total content of polyphenols and flavonoids was assessed in the extracts using spectrophotometry, and their antioxidant activity by applying the synthetic DPPH radical. The plant extracts of tansy and yarrow leaves were characterized by a higher content of polyphenols and flavonoids compared to horseradish leaf extracts; they also had a higher antioxidant activity. Plant extracts inhibited the growth of fungi to a different extent, depending on the species of fungus, type of extract, its concentration and duration of action. The strongest fungistatic effect was recorded for tansy and yarrow extracts, while the weakest for the extract of horseradish leaves. Plant extracts showed the weakest effect against Botrytis cinerea, inhibiting the development of this fungus only during the first days of the experiment. The present research is a preliminary study that will be used in the further to develop a biological preparation for the protection of agricultural and horticultural plants against fungal pathogens.
{"title":"In vitro efficacy of herbal plant extracts on some phytopathogenic fungi","authors":"Weronika Kursa, Agmieszka Jamiołkowska, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, R. Kowalski, Jakub Wyrostek, E. Patkowska, M. Kopacki","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.7","url":null,"abstract":"Crops are subject to yield losses caused by the presence of pests whose species and population diversity are changing with climate warming. The use of agrochemicals is still the most effective method of plant protection against diseases and pests. However, the intensive use of pesticides in some EU countries makes it necessary to search for alternative methods that can be applied in plant protection for consumer and environmental safety. The aim of the study was the laboratory evaluation of the fungistatic effect of extracts of herbal plants occurring in natural state in Poland: horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) on selected polyphagic phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum coccodes and Fusarium oxysporum). In this study, 5%, 10% and 20% concentrations of herbal water-extract extracts were applied to evaluate their effects on linear growth of fungi and inhibition of their growth relative to control. Total content of polyphenols and flavonoids was assessed in the extracts using spectrophotometry, and their antioxidant activity by applying the synthetic DPPH radical. The plant extracts of tansy and yarrow leaves were characterized by a higher content of polyphenols and flavonoids compared to horseradish leaf extracts; they also had a higher antioxidant activity. Plant extracts inhibited the growth of fungi to a different extent, depending on the species of fungus, type of extract, its concentration and duration of action. The strongest fungistatic effect was recorded for tansy and yarrow extracts, while the weakest for the extract of horseradish leaves. Plant extracts showed the weakest effect against Botrytis cinerea, inhibiting the development of this fungus only during the first days of the experiment. The present research is a preliminary study that will be used in the further to develop a biological preparation for the protection of agricultural and horticultural plants against fungal pathogens.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43998652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this four-year study was to compare the effectiveness of flame weeding applied on two dates to that of spraying with glufosinate ammonium in controlling weeds in common thyme grown from sowing directly into the field. Flaming (90 kg propane∙ha–1) was applied immediately before thyme emergence or 6 days later, and glufosinate-ammonium (450 g∙ha–1) was applied on the same date as the first flaming. Emergence of thyme began 15–18 days after sowing, was very uneven and in some years it was extended up to 4 weeks. Thyme seedlings were very fine and their initial growth was very slow, which made them highly sensitive to the competition of weeds. The growth rate of thyme increased over time, reaching its greatest value in the last ten days prior to harvest, when the plants gained their average height, depending on the year, from 18.3 to 22.4 cm and developed from 17 to 21 first and second order branches. Weeds started to emerge 8–11 days after thyme was sown and about 3 weeks later their number in the control plots varied depending on the year from 175 to 541 pcs.∙m–2. All methods were very effective in controlling weeds immediately after treatment, but had no soil residual activity and soon new weeds emerged. Four weeks later, the most effective method was spraying with glufosinate-ammonium, which, depending on the year, reduced both the number and fresh weight of weeds by 43 to 85%. Flaming applied at the first or second dates controlled 33–59% and 37–68% of weeds, respectively. After first weeding, the differences between compared treatments disappeared. Essential oil content in the grated herb obtained from the control plants ranged from 2.5 to 3.4%. In the oil, a total of 39 compounds were identified, with the number ranging from 33 to 36 in individual years. More than half of the essential oil was thymol and two other important compounds were γ-terpinene and p-cymene.
{"title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of flaming and spraying with glufosinate-ammonium in controlling weeds in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) sowing","authors":"A. Borowy, K. Dzida","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this four-year study was to compare the effectiveness of flame weeding applied on two dates to that of spraying with glufosinate ammonium in controlling weeds in common thyme grown from sowing directly into the field. Flaming (90 kg propane∙ha–1) was applied immediately before thyme emergence or 6 days later, and glufosinate-ammonium (450 g∙ha–1) was applied on the same date as the first flaming. Emergence of thyme began 15–18 days after sowing, was very uneven and in some years it was extended up to 4 weeks. Thyme seedlings were very fine and their initial growth was very slow, which made them highly sensitive to the competition of weeds. The growth rate of thyme increased over time, reaching its greatest value in the last ten days prior to harvest, when the plants gained their average height, depending on the year, from 18.3 to 22.4 cm and developed from 17 to 21 first and second order branches. Weeds started to emerge 8–11 days after thyme was sown and about 3 weeks later their number in the control plots varied depending on the year from 175 to 541 pcs.∙m–2. All methods were very effective in controlling weeds immediately after treatment, but had no soil residual activity and soon new weeds emerged. Four weeks later, the most effective method was spraying with glufosinate-ammonium, which, depending on the year, reduced both the number and fresh weight of weeds by 43 to 85%. Flaming applied at the first or second dates controlled 33–59% and 37–68% of weeds, respectively. After first weeding, the differences between compared treatments disappeared. Essential oil content in the grated herb obtained from the control plants ranged from 2.5 to 3.4%. In the oil, a total of 39 compounds were identified, with the number ranging from 33 to 36 in individual years. More than half of the essential oil was thymol and two other important compounds were γ-terpinene and p-cymene.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42007149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sweet cherry fruit of the cultivar ‘Kordia’ derived from trees growing on the GiSelA 5®, Colt and Mazzard F12/1 rootstocks were harvested at the stage of consumption maturity and stored for three weeks in control atmosphere – CA (20% CO2 and 3% O2, RH 90%, 2 ±0.5°C), modified atmosphere packaging – MAP (2–4% CO2, 13–18% O2, 2°C ± 0.5°C) and air atmosphere – AA (RH 80%, 2 ±0.5°C). The rootstocks had a significant effect on all tested fruit quality parameters directly after harvest, except for respiration rate in the first year and fruit titratable acidity in the second year of the study. After sweet cherry storage, the influence of the rootstock on most of fruit quality parameters was proven. The GiSelA 5® rootstock contributed to the preservation of high firmness, high soluble solids content and high soluble solids content/titratable acidity (SSC/TA) ratio. MAP retained good fruit quality, although more favorable quality parameters were recorded after sweet cherry storage in CA, especially with regard to such features as fruit firmness, low respiration rate, small mass loss, low percentage of fungal diseases and good preservation of green color of the stem.
{"title":"‘Kordia’ sweet cherry fruit quality as function of the rootstock and storage conditions","authors":"J. Błaszczyk, E. Dziedzic","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.3","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet cherry fruit of the cultivar ‘Kordia’ derived from trees growing on the GiSelA 5®, Colt and Mazzard F12/1 rootstocks were harvested at the stage of consumption maturity and stored for three weeks in control atmosphere – CA (20% CO2 and 3% O2, RH 90%, 2 ±0.5°C), modified atmosphere packaging – MAP (2–4% CO2, 13–18% O2, 2°C ± 0.5°C) and air atmosphere – AA (RH 80%, 2 ±0.5°C). The rootstocks had a significant effect on all tested fruit quality parameters directly after harvest, except for respiration rate in the first year and fruit titratable acidity in the second year of the study. After sweet cherry storage, the influence of the rootstock on most of fruit quality parameters was proven. The GiSelA 5® rootstock contributed to the preservation of high firmness, high soluble solids content and high soluble solids content/titratable acidity (SSC/TA) ratio. MAP retained good fruit quality, although more favorable quality parameters were recorded after sweet cherry storage in CA, especially with regard to such features as fruit firmness, low respiration rate, small mass loss, low percentage of fungal diseases and good preservation of green color of the stem. ","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatice Ustuner, A. Nasırcılar, M. Yavuz, R. S. Gokturk
Gypsophila pilulifera Boiss. & Heldr., an endemic and endangered species is an economically important plant that has a potential used in medicine thank to the saponins it contains. It is also an ornamental plant. In this study, the production was carried out under in vitro conditions in order to protect and economically evaluate the species, which is in danger of extinction due to its distribution in a very narrow area open to anthropogenic effects. For this purpose, seed and shoot tip explants of G. pilulifera were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Explants were obtained from two different locations of the natural habitats of G. pilulifera and more plants were obtained in the tissue culture from both explant types taken from the 1st location. Propagation from seed gave better results, and 96.67% of the seeds cultured in hormone-free MS medium were germinated and rooted. The shoot tip showed lower regeneration in vitro than the seed explant. Especially the rooting percentage is quite low and the highest rooting and shoot formation was obtained in MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP + 2 mg/L IAA. In this medium, 10.50 ±0.17 shoots were obtained per plant, and rooting (1.67 ±0.09 per plant) was also achieved only in this medium. Seedlings obtained in tissue culture continue to develop successfully in field conditions, and this method has been determined as a suitable method for ex-situ conservation and economically rapid production of the species.
{"title":"In vitro propagation of Gypsophila pilulifera, an endangered endemic ornamental plant species","authors":"Hatice Ustuner, A. Nasırcılar, M. Yavuz, R. S. Gokturk","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Gypsophila pilulifera Boiss. & Heldr., an endemic and endangered species is an economically important plant that has a potential used in medicine thank to the saponins it contains. It is also an ornamental plant. In this study, the production was carried out under in vitro conditions in order to protect and economically evaluate the species, which is in danger of extinction due to its distribution in a very narrow area open to anthropogenic effects. For this purpose, seed and shoot tip explants of G. pilulifera were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Explants were obtained from two different locations of the natural habitats of G. pilulifera and more plants were obtained in the tissue culture from both explant types taken from the 1st location. Propagation from seed gave better results, and 96.67% of the seeds cultured in hormone-free MS medium were germinated and rooted. The shoot tip showed lower regeneration in vitro than the seed explant. Especially the rooting percentage is quite low and the highest rooting and shoot formation was obtained in MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP + 2 mg/L IAA. In this medium, 10.50 ±0.17 shoots were obtained per plant, and rooting (1.67 ±0.09 per plant) was also achieved only in this medium. Seedlings obtained in tissue culture continue to develop successfully in field conditions, and this method has been determined as a suitable method for ex-situ conservation and economically rapid production of the species.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49315003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Duchovskienė, R. Bernotienė, A. Valiuškaitė, E. Survilienė, J. Rimšaitė
Thrips tabaci Lindeman is one of the most important polyphagous horticulture crop pests in Lithuania. The aim of this work was to investigate new approach with the geographic distributions and host plant associations between different mtDNA COI haplotypes of T. tabaci. Specimens of T. tabaci were collected from different horticultural crops in the main horticulture regions across Lithuania, where sustainable plant protection practice is used. Four different haplotypes of T. tabaci were detected during investigation, and the greatest haplotype diversity was registered in the northern districts of Lithuania. The mean genetic distance between different haplotypes was 1.6%, and diversity was up to 2.9% comparing with sequences from other European countries (the Netherlands, UK and France) deposited in GenBank. Sequences obtained during this investigation differed by ≥10% comparing with sequences from other countries. Thrips tabaci COI gene differences partly reflect the geographic distribution, but results did not reveal the relationship between COI gene polymorphism of T. tabaci and different host plants.
{"title":"Genetic variation of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thysanoptera Thripidae) populations in Lithuania and their link with host plants","authors":"L. Duchovskienė, R. Bernotienė, A. Valiuškaitė, E. Survilienė, J. Rimšaitė","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Thrips tabaci Lindeman is one of the most important polyphagous horticulture crop pests in Lithuania. The aim of this work was to investigate new approach with the geographic distributions and host plant associations between different mtDNA COI haplotypes of T. tabaci. Specimens of T. tabaci were collected from different horticultural crops in the main horticulture regions across Lithuania, where sustainable plant protection practice is used. Four different haplotypes of T. tabaci were detected during investigation, and the greatest haplotype diversity was registered in the northern districts of Lithuania. The mean genetic distance between different haplotypes was 1.6%, and diversity was up to 2.9% comparing with sequences from other European countries (the Netherlands, UK and France) deposited in GenBank. Sequences obtained during this investigation differed by ≥10% comparing with sequences from other countries. Thrips tabaci COI gene differences partly reflect the geographic distribution, but results did not reveal the relationship between COI gene polymorphism of T. tabaci and different host plants.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46209181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.6.9c
Mustafa Çirka
In regions exposed to drought stress, the use of bacteria applications to promote yield and quality has increased. This study was carried out to determine the effects of rhizobacteria and algae treatments on some biochemical and physiological properties of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) grown under water stress conditions. According to the completely randomized experimental design, the study was carried out in 4 replications in factorial order. In the experiment, the Filiz-99 broad bean variety was used as a plant material. In the study, 4 different biological applications (control, blue-green algae, and 2 different bacteria) and 3 different irrigation levels – 100% (NI), 50% (RI1), and 25% (RI2) – have been applied. In the study, properties such as root and stem length, stem and root fresh weight, stem, and root dry weight, nitrogen balance index, antioxidant, flavonoid, and phenolic properties were examined. Root length changed between 21.37–25.62 cm in bacteria and algae applications, and the highest value was obtained from the B1 application with 25.62 g. At increasing water stress levels, the nitrogen balance index varied in the range of 128.01–77.50%. In bacteria and algae applications, the highest value was obtained from the B1 application. While the phenolic content ranged between 127.53 and 134.31 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents) g–1 with increasing water stress, the highest value among biological applications was B1 application with 138.06 mg GAE g–1. As a result of the interaction of factors, the highest phenolic values were obtained from B1 × RI2 (149.85 mg GAE g–1), B2 × RI2 (137.05 mg GAE g–1), B0 × NI (127.43 mg GAE g–1), and B0 × RI2 (123.69 mg GAE g–1) applications, while the lowest values were obtained from B2 × NI (123.22 mg GAE g–1), Alg × RI2 (126.65 mg GAE g–1), Alg × NI (127.75 mg GAE g–1), and B1 × NI (131.73 mg GAE g–1) applications. In the study, it was determined that bacterial applications were more effective than algae applications.
{"title":"Determination of the effects of PGPR isolates and algae on plant growth in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) grown under water stress conditions","authors":"Mustafa Çirka","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.9c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.9c","url":null,"abstract":"In regions exposed to drought stress, the use of bacteria applications to promote yield and quality has increased. This study was carried out to determine the effects of rhizobacteria and algae treatments on some biochemical and physiological properties of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) grown under water stress conditions. According to the completely randomized experimental design, the study was carried out in 4 replications in factorial order. In the experiment, the Filiz-99 broad bean variety was used as a plant material. In the study, 4 different biological applications (control, blue-green algae, and 2 different bacteria) and 3 different irrigation levels – 100% (NI), 50% (RI1), and 25% (RI2) – have been applied. In the study, properties such as root and stem length, stem and root fresh weight, stem, and root dry weight, nitrogen balance index, antioxidant, flavonoid, and phenolic properties were examined. Root length changed between 21.37–25.62 cm in bacteria and algae applications, and the highest value was obtained from the B1 application with 25.62 g. At increasing water stress levels, the nitrogen balance index varied in the range of 128.01–77.50%. In bacteria and algae applications, the highest value was obtained from the B1 application. While the phenolic content ranged between 127.53 and 134.31 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalents) g–1 with increasing water stress, the highest value among biological applications was B1 application with 138.06 mg GAE g–1. As a result of the interaction of factors, the highest phenolic values were obtained from B1 × RI2 (149.85 mg GAE g–1), B2 × RI2 (137.05 mg GAE g–1), B0 × NI (127.43 mg GAE g–1), and B0 × RI2 (123.69 mg GAE g–1) applications, while the lowest values were obtained from B2 × NI (123.22 mg GAE g–1), Alg × RI2 (126.65 mg GAE g–1), Alg × NI (127.75 mg GAE g–1), and B1 × NI (131.73 mg GAE g–1) applications. In the study, it was determined that bacterial applications were more effective than algae applications.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48209838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Mynett, M. Podwyszyńska, E. Derkowska, K. Górnik, L. Sas-Paszt, A. Wojtania
One of the key steps in plant micropropagation is rooting and acclimatization of microcuttings. The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of commercial biopreparations, TotalHumus® and Bacterbase, to stimulate the growth of young fruit plants derived from in vitro propagation. TotalHumus® is made from brown coal. Bacterbase is a bacterial preparation containing Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliqefaciens (Skierniewickie Microorganisms) with antifungal properties that stimulates the growth and yielding of plants. Unrooted microshoots of strawberry ‘Grandarosaʼ and highbush blueberry ‘Chandlerʼ, and rooted in vitro microcuttings of hip rose ‘Konstancinʼ were planted in a peat substrate. Three weeks after planting ex vitro, the plants were treated with the biopreparations. Four times, at two-week intervals, the plants were drenched and simultaneously sprayed with mineral fertilizer 0.2% Hydrovit (control), 0.04% TotalHumus® and 0.03% Bacterbase, which were used separately or in combinations. In hip rose and strawberry, compared to the control, similar or better growth parameters of shoots and roots were observed after the use of TotalHumus® and/or Bacterbase. The plants were characterized by the highest fresh weight, longer shoots/runners and more shoots than in the control (mineral fertilization). In strawberry, root parameters were significantly improved by TotalHumus®, and in rose by Bacterbase. The use of both TotalHumus® and Bacterbase separately or in combination significantly reduced the occurrence of symptoms of rose leaf infection with powdery mildew. The biopreparations had no effect on highbush blueberry.
{"title":"Effect of biologically active TotalHumus® and Bacterbase on the growth ex vitro of strawberry, blueberry and hip rose microcuttings","authors":"Katarzyna Mynett, M. Podwyszyńska, E. Derkowska, K. Górnik, L. Sas-Paszt, A. Wojtania","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key steps in plant micropropagation is rooting and acclimatization of microcuttings. The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of commercial biopreparations, TotalHumus® and Bacterbase, to stimulate the growth of young fruit plants derived from in vitro propagation. TotalHumus® is made from brown coal. Bacterbase is a bacterial preparation containing Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliqefaciens (Skierniewickie Microorganisms) with antifungal properties that stimulates the growth and yielding of plants. Unrooted microshoots of strawberry ‘Grandarosaʼ and highbush blueberry ‘Chandlerʼ, and rooted in vitro microcuttings of hip rose ‘Konstancinʼ were planted in a peat substrate. Three weeks after planting ex vitro, the plants were treated with the biopreparations. Four times, at two-week intervals, the plants were drenched and simultaneously sprayed with mineral fertilizer 0.2% Hydrovit (control), 0.04% TotalHumus® and 0.03% Bacterbase, which were used separately or in combinations. In hip rose and strawberry, compared to the control, similar or better growth parameters of shoots and roots were observed after the use of TotalHumus® and/or Bacterbase. The plants were characterized by the highest fresh weight, longer shoots/runners and more shoots than in the control (mineral fertilization). In strawberry, root parameters were significantly improved by TotalHumus®, and in rose by Bacterbase. The use of both TotalHumus® and Bacterbase separately or in combination significantly reduced the occurrence of symptoms of rose leaf infection with powdery mildew. The biopreparations had no effect on highbush blueberry.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.6.12
Magdalena Walasek-Janusz, Agnieszka Bajena, R. Nurzyńska-Wierdak, K. Skalicka‐Woźniak
Butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus L.) is a plant with valuable chemical composition and many medical applications. The underground rhizomes of the plant contain steroidal saponins, compounds with proven therapeutic effects and used mostly in treating venous insufficiency. The research aimed to optimise the extraction of saponins from butcher’s broom rhizomes to obtain the highest possible content of active compounds in the dry extract. The extraction was carried out in five variants using pure water or a mixture of water and ethanol as solvents in different potions. Three samples of butcher’s broom rhizomes from Albania, Bulgaria, and Germany were examined for the presence of highest level of sapogenin active ingredient. Results show that Albanian sample has the highest percentage of ruscogenins, and hence Albanian butcher’s broom rhizomes were chosen for the extraction of active ingredient by alcoholic solution with different concentration. The sapogenin content in the extracts was determined by the pharmacopoeial method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A strong, positive correlation was found between ethanol concentration and the content of ruscogenins in the dry extract. The most efficient variant of the extraction turned out to be the use of 50% ethanol as a solvent, where 304 mg of ruscogenins were obtained from 50 g of the raw material.
{"title":"Extraction and analysis of ruscogenins from butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus L.) rhizomes using HPLC","authors":"Magdalena Walasek-Janusz, Agnieszka Bajena, R. Nurzyńska-Wierdak, K. Skalicka‐Woźniak","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.12","url":null,"abstract":"Butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus L.) is a plant with valuable chemical composition and many medical applications. The underground rhizomes of the plant contain steroidal saponins, compounds with proven therapeutic effects and used mostly in treating venous insufficiency. The research aimed to optimise the extraction of saponins from butcher’s broom rhizomes to obtain the highest possible content of active compounds in the dry extract. The extraction was carried out in five variants using pure water or a mixture of water and ethanol as solvents in different potions. Three samples of butcher’s broom rhizomes from Albania, Bulgaria, and Germany were examined for the presence of highest level of sapogenin active ingredient. Results show that Albanian sample has the highest percentage of ruscogenins, and hence Albanian butcher’s broom rhizomes were chosen for the extraction of active ingredient by alcoholic solution with different concentration. The sapogenin content in the extracts was determined by the pharmacopoeial method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A strong, positive correlation was found between ethanol concentration and the content of ruscogenins in the dry extract. The most efficient variant of the extraction turned out to be the use of 50% ethanol as a solvent, where 304 mg of ruscogenins were obtained from 50 g of the raw material.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.6.10
E. Zalewska, G. Zawiślak, R. Papliński, Magdalena Walasek-Janusz, R. Gruszecki
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of four different essential oils on the sensitivity of allergenic fungi i.e. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Cladosporium cladosporioides. The studied fungi were isolated from infected fennel. The tested oils were added to Potato Dextrose Agar medium at the concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL. The activity of the oils on the inhibition of the linear growth of mycelium was evaluated by measuring of fungal colonies, while the fungistatic activity was evaluated on the basis of the percentage growth inhibition of fungal colony and calculated according to Abbot’s formula. The sensitivity of the tested isolates of fungi was variable and depended on the type and concentration of the studied essential oils. The most effective antifungal effect on all tested fungi was in essential oil of oregano even at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the weakest effect was in essential oil of grapefruit at all studied concentrations. Moreover, oregano essential oil caused degradation and decay of mycelium and spores. Essential oils are potential and promising antifungal agents used as bio fungicides in plant protection and indoor air disinfection. Therefore, further in vivo studies should be carried out.
{"title":"Antifungal effects of some essential oils on selected allergenic fungi in vitro","authors":"E. Zalewska, G. Zawiślak, R. Papliński, Magdalena Walasek-Janusz, R. Gruszecki","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the effect of four different essential oils on the sensitivity of allergenic fungi i.e. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Cladosporium cladosporioides. The studied fungi were isolated from infected fennel. The tested oils were added to Potato Dextrose Agar medium at the concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL. The activity of the oils on the inhibition of the linear growth of mycelium was evaluated by measuring of fungal colonies, while the fungistatic activity was evaluated on the basis of the percentage growth inhibition of fungal colony and calculated according to Abbot’s formula. The sensitivity of the tested isolates of fungi was variable and depended on the type and concentration of the studied essential oils. The most effective antifungal effect on all tested fungi was in essential oil of oregano even at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the weakest effect was in essential oil of grapefruit at all studied concentrations. Moreover, oregano essential oil caused degradation and decay of mycelium and spores. Essential oils are potential and promising antifungal agents used as bio fungicides in plant protection and indoor air disinfection. Therefore, further in vivo studies should be carried out.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.6.11
K. Rutkowski
Phytoparasitic nematodes are commonly found in the soil and their presence can lead to plant diseases, weaker growth, reduced yields and lower fruit quality. A study conducted in 2006–2009, involving the monitoring of climatic conditions, identified the influence of precipitation and temperature on the number of nematodes, in 7 sites within a cherry orchard. Soil samples to assess nematode populations were taken from 7 sites that differed in terms of cultivation and age: 5 cherry orchards established in different years. Not all nematode taxa responded in the same way to temperature increase. Members of the families Belonolaimidae, Trichodoridae and the genus Aphelenchus increased in number with rising temperatures. The negative water balance limited the number of nematodes in the soil in the layer up to 30 cm, whereas the increase in soil moisture had a positive effect on the development of Paratylenchus spp., and mebers of the family Hoplolaimidae and Heterodera. The largest total number of nematodes was found on the strip cultivated with agricultural crops after orchard liquidation. However, parasitic nematodes accounted for were at low levels (17%). The size of fruits from trees growing on sites with a large number of nematodes decreased with a simultaneous increase in total soluble solids and fruit firmness.
{"title":"Effect of orchard site and climatic conditions on plant nematode density levels","authors":"K. Rutkowski","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.11","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoparasitic nematodes are commonly found in the soil and their presence can lead to plant diseases, weaker growth, reduced yields and lower fruit quality. A study conducted in 2006–2009, involving the monitoring of climatic conditions, identified the influence of precipitation and temperature on the number of nematodes, in 7 sites within a cherry orchard. Soil samples to assess nematode populations were taken from 7 sites that differed in terms of cultivation and age: 5 cherry orchards established in different years. Not all nematode taxa responded in the same way to temperature increase. Members of the families Belonolaimidae, Trichodoridae and the genus Aphelenchus increased in number with rising temperatures. The negative water balance limited the number of nematodes in the soil in the layer up to 30 cm, whereas the increase in soil moisture had a positive effect on the development of Paratylenchus spp., and mebers of the family Hoplolaimidae and Heterodera. The largest total number of nematodes was found on the strip cultivated with agricultural crops after orchard liquidation. However, parasitic nematodes accounted for were at low levels (17%). The size of fruits from trees growing on sites with a large number of nematodes decreased with a simultaneous increase in total soluble solids and fruit firmness.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43747117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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