Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.6.13
T. Anwar, H. Qureshi
Within integrated pest management programs, biological control of unwanted plants has remarkable capacity to provide viable, effective, and economic control of weeds. When using bio-herbicides, crop production and quality improve with virtually no damage to the ecosystem. Bioherbicides are target-specific, destroy only selected weeds that have been sprayed for and do not cause harm to non-target plants. Bio-herbicides can be quickly incorporated into weed control programs, which can reduce chemical herbicide dependence. We are also raising the chance of environmental pollution by pesticides. There are only a few bio-herbicides available on commercial bases although work began earlier in the 1940s. Sources of commercialized bioherbicides include Phytophthora palmivora (Devine), Collectotrichum gleosporiodes (Collego), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Binomial) and Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Bialaphos and Glufosinate). Virulence for pathogens and their environmental requirement are major constraints for bioherbicide development. Specific bio-herbicides should be useful in finding position in irrigated fields, wildlife while thriving weeds with pests or resistant weed control.
{"title":"Role of biocontrol agents in weed management – recent developments and trends","authors":"T. Anwar, H. Qureshi","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.6.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.6.13","url":null,"abstract":"Within integrated pest management programs, biological control of unwanted plants has remarkable capacity to provide viable, effective, and economic control of weeds. When using bio-herbicides, crop production and quality improve with virtually no damage to the ecosystem. Bioherbicides are target-specific, destroy only selected weeds that have been sprayed for and do not cause harm to non-target plants. Bio-herbicides can be quickly incorporated into weed control programs, which can reduce chemical herbicide dependence. We are also raising the chance of environmental pollution by pesticides. There are only a few bio-herbicides available on commercial bases although work began earlier in the 1940s. Sources of commercialized bioherbicides include Phytophthora palmivora (Devine), Collectotrichum gleosporiodes (Collego), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Binomial) and Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Bialaphos and Glufosinate). Virulence for pathogens and their environmental requirement are major constraints for bioherbicide development. Specific bio-herbicides should be useful in finding position in irrigated fields, wildlife while thriving weeds with pests or resistant weed control.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47348015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of N fertilization on the health status of chicory plants, yield and the content of dry matter and macronutrients in chicory roots was determined in the study. Three root chicory cultivars, Polanowicka, Orchies and Chrysolite, were grown in a plot experiment. Three levels of topsoil N fertilization were applied before sowing: 0, 80 and 120 kg ha–1. The severity of leaf diseases was estimated during the growing season. Root yield, agronomic and marginal N-use efficiency, DM content and macronutrient concentrations in roots were calculated after harvest (10–20 October). The symptoms of powdery mildew, gray mold and leaf spot on chicory leaves were significantly least severe in the unfertilized treatment. The highest yield (83 Mg ha–1) was obtained in 2017, in cv. Chrysolite without N fertilization. Root yield decreased in response to the application of N fertilizer at both rates. A minor increase in yield was observed only in cv. Polanowicka in N-fertilized treatments in 2017, and in cv. Chrysolite fertilized with 80 kg N ha–1 in 2018. Root yield was negatively correlated with disease severity during the growing season. The DM content of chicory roots (mean values for years of the study, cultivars and N rates) was similar in all treatments. N fertilization induced changes in the content of N, K, Mg and S in chicory roots of the analyzed cultivars. The application of N fertilizer had a beneficial influence on the N content of roots in all cultivars.
研究了施氮对菊苣植株健康状况、产量以及菊苣根干物质和大量营养物质含量的影响。在小区试验中种植了三个根菊苣品种，Polanowicka、Orchies和Chrysolite。播种前施用三个水平的表层氮：0、80和120 kg ha–1。在生长季节估计了叶片病害的严重程度。收获后（10月10日至20日）计算根系产量、农艺和边际氮利用效率、DM含量和根系中大量营养素浓度。菊苣叶片上的白粉菌、灰霉菌和叶斑症状在未受精处理中最不严重。最高产量（83 Mg ha–1）是在2017年，在没有施氮的条件下，在金花中获得的。根产量因施用两种速率的氮肥而降低。仅在2017年施氮处理的Polanowicka和2018年施氮80 kg N ha–1的Chrysolite中观察到产量略有增加。在生长季节，根产量与病害严重程度呈负相关。菊苣根的DM含量（多年研究的平均值、品种和施氮率）在所有处理中都是相似的。施氮使菊苣根中N、K、Mg和S含量发生变化。氮肥的施用对所有品种根系的氮含量都有有利影响。
{"title":"The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and macronutrient concentrations in root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. Sativus Bisch) and the health status of plants","authors":"B. Cwalina-Ambroziak, J. Wierzbowska, B. Bogucka","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.8","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of N fertilization on the health status of chicory plants, yield and the content of dry matter and macronutrients in chicory roots was determined in the study. Three root chicory cultivars, Polanowicka, Orchies and Chrysolite, were grown in a plot experiment. Three levels of topsoil N fertilization were applied before sowing: 0, 80 and 120 kg ha–1. The severity of leaf diseases was estimated during the growing season. Root yield, agronomic and marginal N-use efficiency, DM content and macronutrient concentrations in roots were calculated after harvest (10–20 October). The symptoms of powdery mildew, gray mold and leaf spot on chicory leaves were significantly least severe in the unfertilized treatment. The highest yield (83 Mg ha–1) was obtained in 2017, in cv. Chrysolite without N fertilization. Root yield decreased in response to the application of N fertilizer at both rates. A minor increase in yield was observed only in cv. Polanowicka in N-fertilized treatments in 2017, and in cv. Chrysolite fertilized with 80 kg N ha–1 in 2018. Root yield was negatively correlated with disease severity during the growing season. The DM content of chicory roots (mean values for years of the study, cultivars and N rates) was similar in all treatments. N fertilization induced changes in the content of N, K, Mg and S in chicory roots of the analyzed cultivars. The application of N fertilizer had a beneficial influence on the N content of roots in all cultivars.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41956203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, A. Jamiołkowska, M. Kopacki, E. Patkowska, K. Golan, Patrycja Krasowska, H. Klikocka
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of habitat, cultivar and developmental growth stage on catalase activity in soil under two amaranth cultivars – Rawa (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and Aztek (Amaranthus hypochondriacus × Amaranthus hybridus L.). In a 3-year field experiment (2013–2015), amaranth’s plants were grown in a wide-row spacing on the soil of the good wheat complex in south-eastern Poland (50°71'N, 23°04'E). The field experiment included 4 variable factors: weather conditions; selected amaranth growth stages (5-leaf, full flowering and seed maturity stages); NPK dose combinations (I: 40 kg N ∙ ha–1, 30 kg P ∙ ha–1, 30 kg K ∙ ha–1; II: 60 kg N ∙ ha–1, 40 kg P ∙ ha–1, 40 kg K ∙ ha–1; III: 80 kg N ∙ ha–1, 50 kg P ∙ ha–1, 50 kg K ∙ ha–1; IV: 120 kg N ∙ ha–1, 70 kg P ∙ ha–1, 70 kg K ∙ ha–1) and two cultivars (‘Rawa’ and ‘Aztek’). No pesticides are applied in the cultivation due to the absence of pathogens and pests of this plant in Poland. Plant protection was limited to reducing weed infestation twice. The conducted research showed that weather conditions were the main factor affecting catalase activity in the soil under amaranth cultivation, followed by other factors, such as fertilization, cultivar and growth stage. All the analyzed factors proved to exert a significant impact on organic matter content in the soil, while only the applied NPK fertilization had effect on sorption capacity. Moreover, it was found that the cv. Aztek positively influenced the activity of catalase and humus accumulation in the soil in comparison to the cv. Rawa. The beneficial effect of amaranth on the soil environment and its enzymatic activity was ascribed to the lack of introduced pesticides.
本研究的目的是确定栖息地、品种和发育生长阶段对两个苋品种——Rawa（Amaranthus cruentus L.）和Aztek（Amaranthaus hypochodiacus×Amaranthuth hybridus L.）土壤中过氧化氢酶活性的影响。在为期3年的田间试验（2013-2015）中，在波兰东南部（50°71'N，23°04'E）优质小麦复合体的土壤上，苋属植物以宽行距生长。田间试验包括4个可变因素：天气条件；选定的苋生长阶段（5叶、全花和种子成熟阶段）；NPK剂量组合（I：40 kg N∙ha-1，30 kg P∙ha-1，30 kg K∙ha–1；II：60 kg N∙ha-1，40 kg P∙ha–1，40 kg K∙ha-1；III：80 kg N∙ha-1，50 kg P∙哈-1，50公斤K∙ha-1；IV：120公斤N∙ha-1,70公斤P∙ha-1.70公斤K∙ha-1'）和两个品种（“Rawa”和“Aztek”）。由于波兰没有这种植物的病原体和害虫，因此在种植过程中没有使用杀虫剂。植物保护仅限于两次减少杂草侵扰。研究表明，天气条件是影响土壤过氧化氢酶活性的主要因素，其次是施肥、品种和生长阶段。所有分析的因素都对土壤有机质含量有显著影响，而只有施用NPK对土壤吸附能力有影响。此外，研究发现，与Rawa相比，Aztek对土壤中过氧化氢酶活性和腐殖质积累有积极影响。苋对土壤环境和酶活性的有益作用归因于缺乏引入的杀虫剂。
{"title":"Assessment of catalase soil activity under amaranth cultivation not exposed to chemical protection methods","authors":"B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, A. Jamiołkowska, M. Kopacki, E. Patkowska, K. Golan, Patrycja Krasowska, H. Klikocka","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the influence of habitat, cultivar and developmental growth stage on catalase activity in soil under two amaranth cultivars – Rawa (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and Aztek (Amaranthus hypochondriacus × Amaranthus hybridus L.). In a 3-year field experiment (2013–2015), amaranth’s plants were grown in a wide-row spacing on the soil of the good wheat complex in south-eastern Poland (50°71'N, 23°04'E). The field experiment included 4 variable factors: weather conditions; selected amaranth growth stages (5-leaf, full flowering and seed maturity stages); NPK dose combinations (I: 40 kg N ∙ ha–1, 30 kg P ∙ ha–1, 30 kg K ∙ ha–1; II: 60 kg N ∙ ha–1, 40 kg P ∙ ha–1, 40 kg K ∙ ha–1; III: 80 kg N ∙ ha–1, 50 kg P ∙ ha–1, 50 kg K ∙ ha–1; IV: 120 kg N ∙ ha–1, 70 kg P ∙ ha–1, 70 kg K ∙ ha–1) and two cultivars (‘Rawa’ and ‘Aztek’). No pesticides are applied in the cultivation due to the absence of pathogens and pests of this plant in Poland. Plant protection was limited to reducing weed infestation twice. The conducted research showed that weather conditions were the main factor affecting catalase activity in the soil under amaranth cultivation, followed by other factors, such as fertilization, cultivar and growth stage. All the analyzed factors proved to exert a significant impact on organic matter content in the soil, while only the applied NPK fertilization had effect on sorption capacity. Moreover, it was found that the cv. Aztek positively influenced the activity of catalase and humus accumulation in the soil in comparison to the cv. Rawa. The beneficial effect of amaranth on the soil environment and its enzymatic activity was ascribed to the lack of introduced pesticides.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46829393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies have confirmed positive effect of biochar as a soil conditioner that can increase in a short time the amount of organic matter (SO) and the reserves of organic carbon (OC) in the soil. The use of biochar also contributes to eliminating the effects of soil fatigue, especially in perennial fruit crops. In our study, biochar was applied in the spring of 2014 in the cultivation of one-year-old peach trees of the cultivar Meredith. Biochar, an organic fertilizer, and microbiologically enriched compost were applied to the arable soil layer. In the experiment, three combinations with biochar were used: (1) biochar at 1.6 kg/tree, (2) biochar at 1.6 kg/tree + microbiologically enriched compost at 0.3 kg/tree, (3) biochar at 1.6 kg/tree + an organic fertilizer at 0.2 kg/tree. In the first growing season, no positive changes were found after the use of biochar. The highest number and yield of fruits in 2015 were obtained from the trees that were treated with microbiologically enriched compost, and the lowest in the combination where biochar + organic fertilizer were used to treat the peach trees. In 2016, the largest number of fruits and their greatest weight were recorded for the trees treated with biochar + organic fertilizer, whereas the control trees produced the lowest yields. The use of biochar with microorganisms and biochar with organic fertilizer improved the vegetative growth of trees compared to the growth of control trees.
{"title":"Influence of biochar on the vegetative and generative growth of ‘Meredith’ peach trees","authors":"M. Frąc, L. Sas-Paszt, M. Sitarek","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have confirmed positive effect of biochar as a soil conditioner that can increase in a short time the amount of organic matter (SO) and the reserves of organic carbon (OC) in the soil. The use of biochar also contributes to eliminating the effects of soil fatigue, especially in perennial fruit crops. In our study, biochar was applied in the spring of 2014 in the cultivation of one-year-old peach trees of the cultivar Meredith. Biochar, an organic fertilizer, and microbiologically enriched compost were applied to the arable soil layer. In the experiment, three combinations with biochar were used: (1) biochar at 1.6 kg/tree, (2) biochar at 1.6 kg/tree + microbiologically enriched compost at 0.3 kg/tree, (3) biochar at 1.6 kg/tree + an organic fertilizer at 0.2 kg/tree. In the first growing season, no positive changes were found after the use of biochar. The highest number and yield of fruits in 2015 were obtained from the trees that were treated with microbiologically enriched compost, and the lowest in the combination where biochar + organic fertilizer were used to treat the peach trees. In 2016, the largest number of fruits and their greatest weight were recorded for the trees treated with biochar + organic fertilizer, whereas the control trees produced the lowest yields. The use of biochar with microorganisms and biochar with organic fertilizer improved the vegetative growth of trees compared to the growth of control trees.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48440189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antioxidant activities, metal contents, total phenolics and flavonoids were analyzed for Trametes versicolor and Laetiporus sulphureus collected from Kastamonu region by using ICP-OES and spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity of mushroom extracts were expressed as percentage of DPPH radicals inhibition and IC50 values. Percentage of inhibition ranged from 15.83 to 61.03% and IC50 value was found 5.33 mg/mL for L. sulphureus and % inhibition ranged from 7.27 to 20.47% and IC50 value was found 18.10 mg/mL for T. versicolor. The content of phenols in methanolic extracts expressed in gallic acid equivalents varied between 77.41±1.10 and 272,70±2.26 mg/g for T. versicolor and L. sulphureus respectively. Also the content of flavonoids in methanolic extracts expressed in quercetin equivalents varied between 13.82±0.21 and 44.29±0.54 mg/mg for T. versicolor and L. sulphureus, respectively. As a result the significant linear correlation was corroborated between the values for the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of this mushroom. In addition, all samples were analyzed by ICP-OES to obtain the concentration of Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Zn, Ba, P, Mg, As, Mn and B. While maximum and minimum metal contents of mushrooms were found as mg/kg for Na (1.88-2.09), Mg (4.59-6.77), P (17.11-24.52), Ca (0.49-23.91) and Fe (0.49-3.84), the maximum and minimum trace metal contents of mushrooms were found as µg/kg for Cr (8.23-35.27), Ni (41.51-180.99), Cu (36.36-123.93).
{"title":"Assessment of total phenolic, total flavonoid, metal contents and antioxidant activities of Trametes versicolor and Laetiporus sulphureus","authors":"Sanem Bulam, Mertcan Karadeniz, T. Bakır, S. Ünal","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant activities, metal contents, total phenolics and flavonoids were analyzed for Trametes versicolor and Laetiporus sulphureus collected from Kastamonu region by using ICP-OES and spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity of mushroom extracts were expressed as percentage of DPPH radicals inhibition and IC50 values. Percentage of inhibition ranged from 15.83 to 61.03% and IC50 value was found 5.33 mg/mL for L. sulphureus and % inhibition ranged from 7.27 to 20.47% and IC50 value was found 18.10 mg/mL for T. versicolor. The content of phenols in methanolic extracts expressed in gallic acid equivalents varied between 77.41±1.10 and 272,70±2.26 mg/g for T. versicolor and L. sulphureus respectively. Also the content of flavonoids in methanolic extracts expressed in quercetin equivalents varied between 13.82±0.21 and 44.29±0.54 mg/mg for T. versicolor and L. sulphureus, respectively. As a result the significant linear correlation was corroborated between the values for the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of this mushroom. In addition, all samples were analyzed by ICP-OES to obtain the concentration of Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Zn, Ba, P, Mg, As, Mn and B. While maximum and minimum metal contents of mushrooms were found as mg/kg for Na (1.88-2.09), Mg (4.59-6.77), P (17.11-24.52), Ca (0.49-23.91) and Fe (0.49-3.84), the maximum and minimum trace metal contents of mushrooms were found as µg/kg for Cr (8.23-35.27), Ni (41.51-180.99), Cu (36.36-123.93).","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44149799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.5.11
Zeinab Barzegar, M. Ghasemnezhad, J. Olfati, M. Khaledian, A. Khalighi
Water stress is by far the most serious limiting factor to tomato (Solanum lycopersicom) production, particularly in Iran where located in arid and semi-arid regions. Silicon (Si) is considered an effective element to mitigate the adverse effects of water stress by promoting plant growth and production. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the foliar application of Si (0, 100, and 200 mg L–1) and three water regimes – no stress (100), mild stress (80%), and severe stress (60%) – on the growth parameters, the yield, and the fruit quality as well as antioxidant status of the tomato. The imposed water stress significantly increased the total soluble solids (TSS), the total acidity (TA), and the flavonoids as well as antioxidant defense parameters such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), while the growth parameters (plant height and leaf number) and tomato yield were decreased. In contrast, the foliar application of Si (200 mg L–1) remarkably improved the total yield of tomatoes when exposed to water stress by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities and total flavonoid compounds. In addition, the application of Si could significantly improve the growth parameters (plant height and leaf number) and fruit quality (fruit firmness and size). As a result, the foliar application of Si could be suggested as an effective strategy for imparting water stress resistance in the tomato.
{"title":"The influence of silica upon quantitative, qualitative, and biochemical traits of tomato under water stress","authors":"Zeinab Barzegar, M. Ghasemnezhad, J. Olfati, M. Khaledian, A. Khalighi","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.11","url":null,"abstract":"Water stress is by far the most serious limiting factor to tomato (Solanum lycopersicom) production, particularly in Iran where located in arid and semi-arid regions. Silicon (Si) is considered an effective element to mitigate the adverse effects of water stress by promoting plant growth and production. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of the foliar application of Si (0, 100, and 200 mg L–1) and three water regimes – no stress (100), mild stress (80%), and severe stress (60%) – on the growth parameters, the yield, and the fruit quality as well as antioxidant status of the tomato. The imposed water stress significantly increased the total soluble solids (TSS), the total acidity (TA), and the flavonoids as well as antioxidant defense parameters such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), while the growth parameters (plant height and leaf number) and tomato yield were decreased. In contrast, the foliar application of Si (200 mg L–1) remarkably improved the total yield of tomatoes when exposed to water stress by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities and total flavonoid compounds. In addition, the application of Si could significantly improve the growth parameters (plant height and leaf number) and fruit quality (fruit firmness and size). As a result, the foliar application of Si could be suggested as an effective strategy for imparting water stress resistance in the tomato.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48377361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Milić, J. Mastilović, Ž. Kevrešan, Renata Kovač, A. Bajić, Z. Keserović, N. Magazin, M. Milović, J. Kalajdžić, Gordana Barać
The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) including representative compounds from the group of cytokinins, auxins and gibberellins, on fruit quality and postharvest properties during 15 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life were compared. Apricots, cv. NS4, were treated with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 10 and 20 mg L–1), 6-benzyladenine (BA; 50 and 100 mg L–1) and gibberellin (GA3; 200 mg L–1) 14 and 21 days after full bloom. Application of PGRs resulted in increase of ash, total soluble solids and decrease of water content in fruit, while the color of fruits was characterized with lighter skin and with more intensive color changes during postharvest period. BA decreased the content of majority of cations, while higher dosage of this compound resulted in the lowest fruit firmness. Application of NAA and GA3 increased of Ca and Mg content and resulted in the most expressed water loss. Titrable acidity and pH were not affected by any applied treatments.
{"title":"Consequences of NAA, BA and GA3 treatment in early fruit development phase on postharvest properties of apricot cv. NS4","authors":"B. Milić, J. Mastilović, Ž. Kevrešan, Renata Kovač, A. Bajić, Z. Keserović, N. Magazin, M. Milović, J. Kalajdžić, Gordana Barać","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) including representative compounds from the group of cytokinins, auxins and gibberellins, on fruit quality and postharvest properties during 15 days of cold storage and 3 days of shelf life were compared. Apricots, cv. NS4, were treated with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 10 and 20 mg L–1), 6-benzyladenine (BA; 50 and 100 mg L–1) and gibberellin (GA3; 200 mg L–1) 14 and 21 days after full bloom. Application of PGRs resulted in increase of ash, total soluble solids and decrease of water content in fruit, while the color of fruits was characterized with lighter skin and with more intensive color changes during postharvest period. BA decreased the content of majority of cations, while higher dosage of this compound resulted in the lowest fruit firmness. Application of NAA and GA3 increased of Ca and Mg content and resulted in the most expressed water loss. Titrable acidity and pH were not affected by any applied treatments.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46579311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2022.5.10
M. Anvari, D. Hashemabadi, L. Asadpour, B. Kaviani
The effects of postharvest blue light exposure have never been studied on cut flowers, so the present study aimed to explore the effects of blue light exposure duration (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) and silver nanoparticle (SNP) application (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg l−1) on the quantitative and qualitative traits of cut Alstroemeria ‘Napoli’ flowers. The control flower received distilled water without blue light exposure. The longest vase life (22.66 days) was related to 10 mg l−1 SNP, not differing from 12 h of blue light exposure (22.00 days) and 20 mg l−1 SNP (21.66 days), significantly. The highest water uptake and total chlorophyll and the lowest ethylene were obtained from the flowers treated with 10 mg l−1 SNP or exposed to 12 h of blue light. These two treatments outperformed the control in reducing MDA accumulation too. APX activity was significantly higher in the flowers treated with 12 h of blue light exposure, 18 h of blue light exposure, or 15 mg l−1 SNP. Except for the blue light exposure for 6 h, all treatments reduced stem-end bacteria versus the control. The lowest bacterial population (57.3 Log10 CFU ml−1) belonged to the flowers treated with 15 mg l−1 SNP. Blue light outperformed SNP in stopping the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. Based on the results, blue light is introduced as a physical factor to improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of cut Alstroemeria ‘Napoli’ flowers.
{"title":"Effect of blue light and nanosilver on vase life, antioxidant enzymes and some other physiologic parameters of Alstroemeria ‘Napoli’ cut flowers","authors":"M. Anvari, D. Hashemabadi, L. Asadpour, B. Kaviani","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.10","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of postharvest blue light exposure have never been studied on cut flowers, so the present study aimed to explore the effects of blue light exposure duration (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) and silver nanoparticle (SNP) application (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg l−1) on the quantitative and qualitative traits of cut Alstroemeria ‘Napoli’ flowers. The control flower received distilled water without blue light exposure. The longest vase life (22.66 days) was related to 10 mg l−1 SNP, not differing from 12 h of blue light exposure (22.00 days) and 20 mg l−1 SNP (21.66 days), significantly. The highest water uptake and total chlorophyll and the lowest ethylene were obtained from the flowers treated with 10 mg l−1 SNP or exposed to 12 h of blue light. These two treatments outperformed the control in reducing MDA accumulation too. APX activity was significantly higher in the flowers treated with 12 h of blue light exposure, 18 h of blue light exposure, or 15 mg l−1 SNP. Except for the blue light exposure for 6 h, all treatments reduced stem-end bacteria versus the control. The lowest bacterial population (57.3 Log10 CFU ml−1) belonged to the flowers treated with 15 mg l−1 SNP. Blue light outperformed SNP in stopping the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and yeast. Based on the results, blue light is introduced as a physical factor to improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of cut Alstroemeria ‘Napoli’ flowers.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42690802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted on 6-year-old sweet lime trees on the Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) rootstock in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three replications in southern Fars to determine the appropriate time of plant supplementary feeding to increase flower production and the yield in calcareous soils. In 2016 and 2017, 40 trees that had the same planting and growing conditions, were selected to determine the flower induction time. Ten times (22nd of October, 1st, 11th, and 20th November, December, and January), four branches that had a length of 120 cm and a diameter of half a centimeter were selected on each tree in four geographical directions. At each time, the branches of three trees were ringed at a distance of 120 cm from the tip of the branch, and all the leaves were removed. At the time of flower emergence, the number of flowers was counted. The results showed that the flower induction in these trees was in early December. Based on the results of this experiment and previous research in this field, in September 2017, the 7-year-old trees grafted on the Mexican lime rootstock were treated with the foliar application of nitrogen as urea [CO(NH2)2] and zinc as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at three concentrations including 0, 3, and 5 g∙L–1, alone and by combination in two separate pieces in a randomized complete-block factorial design including nine treatments and three replications to increase the yield using elements involved in the flowering. At the harvest time, fruit juice, TSS, TA, vitamin C, average fruit weight, and single tree yield were measured. According to the results, the combination of urea and zinc sulfate at a concentration of 5 g∙L–1 led to an increase in the average fruit weight (58 g) and the yield (68 kg) compared to the control.
{"title":"Creating optimal nutrient conditions in soil and plants during the flower induction process of sweet lime (Citrus limettioides) under calcareous soil conditions to increase the yield","authors":"Sayed Abdolhossein Sayed Abdolhossein Mohammadi Jahromi, Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi, V. Abdossi, Alireza Talaei","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on 6-year-old sweet lime trees on the Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) rootstock in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three replications in southern Fars to determine the appropriate time of plant supplementary feeding to increase flower production and the yield in calcareous soils. In 2016 and 2017, 40 trees that had the same planting and growing conditions, were selected to determine the flower induction time. Ten times (22nd of October, 1st, 11th, and 20th November, December, and January), four branches that had a length of 120 cm and a diameter of half a centimeter were selected on each tree in four geographical directions. At each time, the branches of three trees were ringed at a distance of 120 cm from the tip of the branch, and all the leaves were removed. At the time of flower emergence, the number of flowers was counted. The results showed that the flower induction in these trees was in early December. Based on the results of this experiment and previous research in this field, in September 2017, the 7-year-old trees grafted on the Mexican lime rootstock were treated with the foliar application of nitrogen as urea [CO(NH2)2] and zinc as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at three concentrations including 0, 3, and 5 g∙L–1, alone and by combination in two separate pieces in a randomized complete-block factorial design including nine treatments and three replications to increase the yield using elements involved in the flowering. At the harvest time, fruit juice, TSS, TA, vitamin C, average fruit weight, and single tree yield were measured. According to the results, the combination of urea and zinc sulfate at a concentration of 5 g∙L–1 led to an increase in the average fruit weight (58 g) and the yield (68 kg) compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Figiel-Kroczyńska, M. Krupa-Małkiewicz, I. Ochmian
The effect of commercial Hydroplus™ Actisil, coconut water, coconut milk, and pH of the WPM mediumon the micropropagation of V. corymbosum ‘Liberty’ was studied. Three experiments were performed withdifferent concentrations of silicon Hydroplus™ Actisil (Si), coconut water (CW), coconut milk (CM), anddifferent pH as a stress factor. Si was applied at a concentration of 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg dm–3. The highest explant (2.02 cm) with the highest number of new shoots (1.91) and fresh weight (55.16 g) was obtained on WPM medium with the addition of Si in concentration 200 mg dm–3. In experiment 2, similar to 0.1 mg dm–3 zeatin explant growth was achieved when 15% CW was added to the WPM medium (2.13 cm). The use of CM did not have a positive effect on blueberry growth in vitro. The results of experiment 3 indicated that explants of blueberry better developed when pH was lower (5.0) with the highest number of new shoots (2.85) and fresh weight (95.67g). However, there were no significant differences in plant height between pH used. The application of 200 mg dm–3 Actisil benefits the negative effect of higher pH of the WPM medium on micropropagation of blueberry in case of plant height, fresh weight, and biochemical parameters (proline, malondialdehyde – MDA and catalase – CAT activity).
{"title":"Effect of Actisil (Hydroplus™), organic supplements, and pH of the medium on the micropropagation of Vaccinium corymbosum","authors":"Monika Figiel-Kroczyńska, M. Krupa-Małkiewicz, I. Ochmian","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2022.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of commercial Hydroplus™ Actisil, coconut water, coconut milk, and pH of the WPM mediumon the micropropagation of V. corymbosum ‘Liberty’ was studied. Three experiments were performed withdifferent concentrations of silicon Hydroplus™ Actisil (Si), coconut water (CW), coconut milk (CM), anddifferent pH as a stress factor. Si was applied at a concentration of 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg dm–3. The highest explant (2.02 cm) with the highest number of new shoots (1.91) and fresh weight (55.16 g) was obtained on WPM medium with the addition of Si in concentration 200 mg dm–3. In experiment 2, similar to 0.1 mg dm–3 zeatin explant growth was achieved when 15% CW was added to the WPM medium (2.13 cm). The use of CM did not have a positive effect on blueberry growth in vitro. The results of experiment 3 indicated that explants of blueberry better developed when pH was lower (5.0) with the highest number of new shoots (2.85) and fresh weight (95.67g). However, there were no significant differences in plant height between pH used. The application of 200 mg dm–3 Actisil benefits the negative effect of higher pH of the WPM medium on micropropagation of blueberry in case of plant height, fresh weight, and biochemical parameters (proline, malondialdehyde – MDA and catalase – CAT activity).","PeriodicalId":7230,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42204041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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