Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3030026
Nicolas M Philipp, D. Cabarkapa, Kennedy M. Marten, Damjana V. Cabarkapa, D. Mirkov, O. Knežević, Jelena Aleksic, Lucija Faj, A. Fry
Given the multidirectional nature of the sport, handball athletes must frequently perform high-intensity decelerations to avoid defenders, generate space, or perform directional changes. The aim of the present study was twofold: (i) to investigate different kinematic measures of horizontal deceleration performance by comparing the acceleration-deceleration assessment (ADA) with the 5-0-5 test and (ii) to investigate relationships between force-time characteristics derived from the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) and measures of horizontal deceleration performance. Eleven female handball players competing in the first-tier professional league in Europe performed three CVJs while standing on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1000 Hz, followed by two ADAs (i.e., maximal-effort acceleration over a 10 m distance, followed by rapid deceleration) and 5-0-5 test trials. Tripod-mounted radar sampling at 47 Hz, placed 5 m behind the start line, was used to record horizontal velocity data. Each test was separated by a 5–7 min rest interval to minimize the influence of fatigue. No statistically significant differences were found in horizontal deceleration performance parameters between ADA and the 5-0-5 test. However, athletes with a higher CVJ height and reactive strength index-modified showed better performance in terms of horizontal deceleration measures such as maximal approach velocity and average and maximal deceleration. Overall, these results may be of interest to practitioners working with multidirectional sport athletes such as handball players as they provide critical insight for the selection of assessments and training strategies targeted toward optimizing on-court athlete performance.
{"title":"Horizontal Deceleration Performance in Professional Female Handball Players","authors":"Nicolas M Philipp, D. Cabarkapa, Kennedy M. Marten, Damjana V. Cabarkapa, D. Mirkov, O. Knežević, Jelena Aleksic, Lucija Faj, A. Fry","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030026","url":null,"abstract":"Given the multidirectional nature of the sport, handball athletes must frequently perform high-intensity decelerations to avoid defenders, generate space, or perform directional changes. The aim of the present study was twofold: (i) to investigate different kinematic measures of horizontal deceleration performance by comparing the acceleration-deceleration assessment (ADA) with the 5-0-5 test and (ii) to investigate relationships between force-time characteristics derived from the countermovement vertical jump (CVJ) and measures of horizontal deceleration performance. Eleven female handball players competing in the first-tier professional league in Europe performed three CVJs while standing on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1000 Hz, followed by two ADAs (i.e., maximal-effort acceleration over a 10 m distance, followed by rapid deceleration) and 5-0-5 test trials. Tripod-mounted radar sampling at 47 Hz, placed 5 m behind the start line, was used to record horizontal velocity data. Each test was separated by a 5–7 min rest interval to minimize the influence of fatigue. No statistically significant differences were found in horizontal deceleration performance parameters between ADA and the 5-0-5 test. However, athletes with a higher CVJ height and reactive strength index-modified showed better performance in terms of horizontal deceleration measures such as maximal approach velocity and average and maximal deceleration. Overall, these results may be of interest to practitioners working with multidirectional sport athletes such as handball players as they provide critical insight for the selection of assessments and training strategies targeted toward optimizing on-court athlete performance.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47392513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3030025
Joey O. Brien, Declan Browne, Des Earls, C. Lodge
The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body weight, absolute and relative strength and power variables in a flywheel Romanian deadlift. A secondary aim was to assess the inter-day reliability of a novel power assessment protocol previously used to determine the inertial load that produced the maximum power output in Flywheel Inertia Training. Ten physically active males took part in this study. Participants had some experience with flywheel devices, but all had a minimum of 24 months of traditional resistance training experience. The first testing session consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions with a different inertial load for each set (0.050, 0.075, and 1.00 kg·m2). Each set’s first and second repetitions were used to build momentum and were excluded from data analysis. The order of inertial load used in each trial was standardized for all participants: first, 0.050 kg·m2, second, 0.075 kg·m2, and last, 0.100 kg·m2. The secondary testing session followed the same procedure as the first. No statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect was found between any of the variables in the correlation analysis. There were large positive correlations between the 1 repetition max flywheel Romanian deadlift and peak concentric power, relative strength, and peak concentric and eccentric peak powers. Both body weight and relative strength showed moderate negative correlations with % eccentric overload, whereas moderate positive correlations were observed between 1RM and peak eccentric power. Both concentric power and eccentric power showed excellent reliability, while the reliability for % eccentric overload ranged from poor to excellent depending on the inertial load. In conclusion, this study shows that a protocol to assess the maximum power output has excellent reliability for both ECC and CON power and may be used in future flywheel training. The results also showed that body weight, maximum strength, and relative strength were not largely related to power variables. An individualized approach to flywheel training is required.
{"title":"The Relationship between Bodyweight, Maximum and Relative Strength, and Power Variables during Flywheel Inertial Training","authors":"Joey O. Brien, Declan Browne, Des Earls, C. Lodge","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030025","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body weight, absolute and relative strength and power variables in a flywheel Romanian deadlift. A secondary aim was to assess the inter-day reliability of a novel power assessment protocol previously used to determine the inertial load that produced the maximum power output in Flywheel Inertia Training. Ten physically active males took part in this study. Participants had some experience with flywheel devices, but all had a minimum of 24 months of traditional resistance training experience. The first testing session consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions with a different inertial load for each set (0.050, 0.075, and 1.00 kg·m2). Each set’s first and second repetitions were used to build momentum and were excluded from data analysis. The order of inertial load used in each trial was standardized for all participants: first, 0.050 kg·m2, second, 0.075 kg·m2, and last, 0.100 kg·m2. The secondary testing session followed the same procedure as the first. No statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect was found between any of the variables in the correlation analysis. There were large positive correlations between the 1 repetition max flywheel Romanian deadlift and peak concentric power, relative strength, and peak concentric and eccentric peak powers. Both body weight and relative strength showed moderate negative correlations with % eccentric overload, whereas moderate positive correlations were observed between 1RM and peak eccentric power. Both concentric power and eccentric power showed excellent reliability, while the reliability for % eccentric overload ranged from poor to excellent depending on the inertial load. In conclusion, this study shows that a protocol to assess the maximum power output has excellent reliability for both ECC and CON power and may be used in future flywheel training. The results also showed that body weight, maximum strength, and relative strength were not largely related to power variables. An individualized approach to flywheel training is required.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3030024
Sarah Aruje Zahid, Y. Çelik, A. Godfrey, J. Buckley
Normal ankle function provides a key contribution to everyday activities, particularly step/stair ascent and descent, where many falls occur. The rising to up-on-the-toes (UTT) 30 second test (UTT-30) is used in the clinical assessment of ankle muscle strength/function and endurance and is typically assessed by an observer counting the UTT movement completed. The aims of this study are: (i) to determine whether inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide valid assessment of the UTT-30 by comparing IMU-derived metrics with those from a force-platform (FP), and (ii) to describe how IMUs can be used to provide valid assessment of the movement dynamics/stability when performing a single UTT movement that is held for 5 s (UTT-stand). Twenty adults (26.2 ± 7.7 years) performed a UTT-30 and a UTT-stand on a force-platform with IMUs attached to each foot and the lumbar spine. We evaluate the agreement/association between IMU measures and measures determined from the FP. For UTT-30, IMU analysis of peaks in plantarflexion velocity and in FP’s centre of pressure (CoP) velocity was used to identify each repeated UTT movement and provided an objective means to discount any UTT movements that were not completed ‘fully’. UTT movements that were deemed to have not been completed ‘fully’ were those that yielded peak plantarflexion and CoP velocity values during the period of rising to up-on-the-toes that were below 1 SD of each participant’s mean peak rising velocity across their repeated UTT. The number of UTT movements detected by the IMU approach (23.5) agreed with the number determined by the FP (23.6), and each approach determined the same number of ‘fully’ completed movements (IMU, 19.9; FP, 19.7). For UTT-stand, IMU-derived movement dynamics/postural stability were moderately-to-strongly correlated with measures derived from the FP. Our findings highlight that the use of IMUs can provide valid assessment of UTT test(s).
{"title":"An Automated Approach to Instrumenting the Up-on-the-Toes Test(s)","authors":"Sarah Aruje Zahid, Y. Çelik, A. Godfrey, J. Buckley","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030024","url":null,"abstract":"Normal ankle function provides a key contribution to everyday activities, particularly step/stair ascent and descent, where many falls occur. The rising to up-on-the-toes (UTT) 30 second test (UTT-30) is used in the clinical assessment of ankle muscle strength/function and endurance and is typically assessed by an observer counting the UTT movement completed. The aims of this study are: (i) to determine whether inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide valid assessment of the UTT-30 by comparing IMU-derived metrics with those from a force-platform (FP), and (ii) to describe how IMUs can be used to provide valid assessment of the movement dynamics/stability when performing a single UTT movement that is held for 5 s (UTT-stand). Twenty adults (26.2 ± 7.7 years) performed a UTT-30 and a UTT-stand on a force-platform with IMUs attached to each foot and the lumbar spine. We evaluate the agreement/association between IMU measures and measures determined from the FP. For UTT-30, IMU analysis of peaks in plantarflexion velocity and in FP’s centre of pressure (CoP) velocity was used to identify each repeated UTT movement and provided an objective means to discount any UTT movements that were not completed ‘fully’. UTT movements that were deemed to have not been completed ‘fully’ were those that yielded peak plantarflexion and CoP velocity values during the period of rising to up-on-the-toes that were below 1 SD of each participant’s mean peak rising velocity across their repeated UTT. The number of UTT movements detected by the IMU approach (23.5) agreed with the number determined by the FP (23.6), and each approach determined the same number of ‘fully’ completed movements (IMU, 19.9; FP, 19.7). For UTT-stand, IMU-derived movement dynamics/postural stability were moderately-to-strongly correlated with measures derived from the FP. Our findings highlight that the use of IMUs can provide valid assessment of UTT test(s).","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42034058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3020023
A. Bagheri, K. Alexander
Background: The aging process contributes to the decline in physical capacity that leads to loss of independence in performing life activities. Immobility and instability are the most significant predictors and indicators of physical disability and dependence. As a result, a variety of assistive devices exist to address immobility and instability in older adults, including walkers, canes, crutches, wheelchairs and handrails. Sit-to-stand (STS) transitions are the most common transitions in daily mobility activities. The ability to perform STS transitions successfully is therefore one of the most important activities to focus attention on. As a result of physical deterioration, older adults will sooner or later be faced with their physical limitations, and in particular, will not be able to provide enough torque at critical body joints to make the STS transition. Aim: This paper suggests employing two-arm assistance using two handles located symmetrically in the body’s sagittal plane. During the aging process, people are faced with varying levels of muscle deterioration and body constraints and consequently require different levels of assistance to complete the transition successfully. This paper aims to develop a tool to find the optimum handle location for people based on their body constraints to reduce knee torque (identified as the critical joint in the STS transition). These findings are also used to measure the effects of assistive device handle position on the biomechanics of the two-arm assisted STS transition. Methods: For this purpose, a theoretical tool was developed by integrating human body kinetics with a multi-objective genetic algorithm to find the optimum hand force required at the seat-off point for a set of potential handle locations. The tool was set to achieve the minimum knee torque within the defined body constraints and assumptions. In line with the physics of the STS transition, the “seat-off point”, when subjects lose their seat support, was chosen as the most challenging point of the task. This was coupled with the “nose over toes” posture recommended to older adults by occupational therapists. Results and Discussion: The schematic of the developed tool shows that the best handle locations requiring the minimum torques at the body joints are positioned in handle zone 2, where the handles are placed vertically above the knee and below the hip joints and horizontally located ahead of the hip and behind the knee joints. Within this handle zone, both components of the hand forces (vertical downward and horizontal backward) provide assisting torque to all the body joints and consequently reduce the torques required at body joints.
{"title":"Optimum Handle Location for the Hand-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transition: A Tool","authors":"A. Bagheri, K. Alexander","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3020023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aging process contributes to the decline in physical capacity that leads to loss of independence in performing life activities. Immobility and instability are the most significant predictors and indicators of physical disability and dependence. As a result, a variety of assistive devices exist to address immobility and instability in older adults, including walkers, canes, crutches, wheelchairs and handrails. Sit-to-stand (STS) transitions are the most common transitions in daily mobility activities. The ability to perform STS transitions successfully is therefore one of the most important activities to focus attention on. As a result of physical deterioration, older adults will sooner or later be faced with their physical limitations, and in particular, will not be able to provide enough torque at critical body joints to make the STS transition. Aim: This paper suggests employing two-arm assistance using two handles located symmetrically in the body’s sagittal plane. During the aging process, people are faced with varying levels of muscle deterioration and body constraints and consequently require different levels of assistance to complete the transition successfully. This paper aims to develop a tool to find the optimum handle location for people based on their body constraints to reduce knee torque (identified as the critical joint in the STS transition). These findings are also used to measure the effects of assistive device handle position on the biomechanics of the two-arm assisted STS transition. Methods: For this purpose, a theoretical tool was developed by integrating human body kinetics with a multi-objective genetic algorithm to find the optimum hand force required at the seat-off point for a set of potential handle locations. The tool was set to achieve the minimum knee torque within the defined body constraints and assumptions. In line with the physics of the STS transition, the “seat-off point”, when subjects lose their seat support, was chosen as the most challenging point of the task. This was coupled with the “nose over toes” posture recommended to older adults by occupational therapists. Results and Discussion: The schematic of the developed tool shows that the best handle locations requiring the minimum torques at the body joints are positioned in handle zone 2, where the handles are placed vertically above the knee and below the hip joints and horizontally located ahead of the hip and behind the knee joints. Within this handle zone, both components of the hand forces (vertical downward and horizontal backward) provide assisting torque to all the body joints and consequently reduce the torques required at body joints.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43694064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3020022
Hallvard Nygaard Falch, E. Kristiansen, R. van den Tillaar
When performing the traditional barbell back squat, athletes may experience discomfort in the shoulders or be limited by shoulder mobility. The Squatbar® is a barbell designed to be ergonomic to the shoulders but has never, in the scientific literature, been compared to the traditional Olympic barbell. Thus, the current study investigated kinematics, kinetics, and myoelectric activity (EMG) between the Squatbar® barbell and the Olympic barbell when performing a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat. Twelve strength-trained men (body mass: 83.5 ± 7.8 kg, age: 27.3 ± 3.8 years, height: 180.3 ± 6.7 cm) performed a 1-RM squat with both the Olympic and Squatbar® barbells. The paired samples t-test revealed significantly more weight was lifted with the Olympic barbell compared to the Squatbar® barbell (148 ± 21 kg vs. 144.5 ± 20 kg) and was accompanied by greater shoulder external rotation (74 ± 7.5° vs. 59.6 ± 9.2°). No differences in joint kinematics of the lower limbs, kinetics, or EMG were observed between the two barbells. The results of the current study indicate the Squatbar® to be a suitable substitution for the Olympic barbell for athletes with reduced shoulder mobility when performing the squat. It was concluded that the Squatbar® induces similar kinetics, kinematics, and EMG when compared to the Olympic barbell, except for reducing external rotation of the shoulder.
在进行传统的杠铃后蹲时，运动员可能会感到肩部不适或肩部活动受限。Squatbar®是一种肩部符合人体工程学的杠铃，但在科学文献中从未被拿来与传统的奥运会杠铃相比较。因此，目前的研究调查了Squatbar®杠铃和奥运会杠铃在进行一次重复最大（1-RM）后蹲时的运动学、动力学和肌电活动（EMG）。12名受过力量训练的男子（体重：83.5±7.8公斤，年龄：27.3±3.8 年，身高：180.3±6.7厘米）用奥林匹克杠铃和Squatbar®杠铃进行了1米深蹲。配对样本t检验显示，与Squatbar®杠铃相比，奥林匹克杠铃的举重量显著增加（148±21 kg vs.144.5±20 kg），并伴有更大的肩部外旋（74±7.5°vs.59.6±9.2°）。两个杠铃在下肢关节运动学、动力学或肌电图方面没有观察到差异。目前的研究结果表明，对于肩部活动能力下降的运动员来说，Squatbar®是奥运会杠铃的合适替代品。得出的结论是，与奥运会杠铃相比，Squatbar®可诱导类似的动力学、运动学和肌电图，只是减少了肩部的外部旋转。
{"title":"A Biomechanical Comparison between Squatbar® and Olympic Barbell","authors":"Hallvard Nygaard Falch, E. Kristiansen, R. van den Tillaar","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3020022","url":null,"abstract":"When performing the traditional barbell back squat, athletes may experience discomfort in the shoulders or be limited by shoulder mobility. The Squatbar® is a barbell designed to be ergonomic to the shoulders but has never, in the scientific literature, been compared to the traditional Olympic barbell. Thus, the current study investigated kinematics, kinetics, and myoelectric activity (EMG) between the Squatbar® barbell and the Olympic barbell when performing a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat. Twelve strength-trained men (body mass: 83.5 ± 7.8 kg, age: 27.3 ± 3.8 years, height: 180.3 ± 6.7 cm) performed a 1-RM squat with both the Olympic and Squatbar® barbells. The paired samples t-test revealed significantly more weight was lifted with the Olympic barbell compared to the Squatbar® barbell (148 ± 21 kg vs. 144.5 ± 20 kg) and was accompanied by greater shoulder external rotation (74 ± 7.5° vs. 59.6 ± 9.2°). No differences in joint kinematics of the lower limbs, kinetics, or EMG were observed between the two barbells. The results of the current study indicate the Squatbar® to be a suitable substitution for the Olympic barbell for athletes with reduced shoulder mobility when performing the squat. It was concluded that the Squatbar® induces similar kinetics, kinematics, and EMG when compared to the Olympic barbell, except for reducing external rotation of the shoulder.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49540441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3020021
A. Alanen, L. Benson, M. Jordan, R. Ferber, K. Pasanen
The aim of this study was to assess center of mass (COM) acceleration and movement during change of direction (COD) maneuvers during a competitive soccer game to elucidate situation-specific demands of COD performance. This information can assist in developing soccer-specific tests and training methods. Fifteen elite-level female youth soccer players were tracked for one game with inertial measurement units (IMU) attached to the lower back. COD movements in combination with situational patterns were identified using high-speed video. LASSO regression was used to identify the most important predictors associated with higher vertical peak accelerations (PAv) of the COM during COD movements. COD angle, running speed, contact, and challenge from the opposition were identified as important features related to higher PAv. This study adds to the literature on the demands of COD performance in soccer match-play. The unique approach with game-specific situational data from female youth players provides increased insight into the game-demands of COD and agility performance. PAv in games was higher with larger COD angles, increased running speed, or with contact when the player was challenged by the opposition. A larger study including more games is warranted to increase confidence in using these variables as a basis for training or testing agility.
{"title":"Effects of Game-Specific Demands on Accelerations during Change of Direction Movements: Analysis of Youth Female Soccer","authors":"A. Alanen, L. Benson, M. Jordan, R. Ferber, K. Pasanen","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3020021","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess center of mass (COM) acceleration and movement during change of direction (COD) maneuvers during a competitive soccer game to elucidate situation-specific demands of COD performance. This information can assist in developing soccer-specific tests and training methods. Fifteen elite-level female youth soccer players were tracked for one game with inertial measurement units (IMU) attached to the lower back. COD movements in combination with situational patterns were identified using high-speed video. LASSO regression was used to identify the most important predictors associated with higher vertical peak accelerations (PAv) of the COM during COD movements. COD angle, running speed, contact, and challenge from the opposition were identified as important features related to higher PAv. This study adds to the literature on the demands of COD performance in soccer match-play. The unique approach with game-specific situational data from female youth players provides increased insight into the game-demands of COD and agility performance. PAv in games was higher with larger COD angles, increased running speed, or with contact when the player was challenged by the opposition. A larger study including more games is warranted to increase confidence in using these variables as a basis for training or testing agility.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47829740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3020020
J. McGeown, M. Pedersen, P. Hume, A. Theadom, S. Kara, B. Russell
Although injury mechanisms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be similar across patients, it is becoming increasingly clear that patients cannot be treated as one homogenous group. Several predominant symptom clusters (PSC) have been identified, each requiring specific and individualised treatment plans. However, objective methods to support these clinical decisions are lacking. This pilot study explored whether wearable sensor data collected during the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) combined with a deep learning approach could accurately classify mTBI patients with physiological PSC versus vestibulo-ocular PSC. A cross-sectional design evaluated a convolutional neural network model trained with electrocardiography (ECG) and accelerometry data. With a leave-one-out approach, this model classified 11 of 12 (92%) patients with physiological PSC and 3 of 5 (60%) patients with vestibulo-ocular PSC. The same classification accuracy was observed in a model only using accelerometry data. Our pilot results suggest that adding wearable sensors during clinical tests like the BCTT, combined with deep learning models, may have the utility to assist management decisions for mTBI patients in the future. We reiterate that more validation is needed to replicate the current results.
{"title":"A Novel Method to Assist Clinical Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by Classifying Patient Subgroups Using Wearable Sensors and Exertion Testing: A Pilot Study","authors":"J. McGeown, M. Pedersen, P. Hume, A. Theadom, S. Kara, B. Russell","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3020020","url":null,"abstract":"Although injury mechanisms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be similar across patients, it is becoming increasingly clear that patients cannot be treated as one homogenous group. Several predominant symptom clusters (PSC) have been identified, each requiring specific and individualised treatment plans. However, objective methods to support these clinical decisions are lacking. This pilot study explored whether wearable sensor data collected during the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) combined with a deep learning approach could accurately classify mTBI patients with physiological PSC versus vestibulo-ocular PSC. A cross-sectional design evaluated a convolutional neural network model trained with electrocardiography (ECG) and accelerometry data. With a leave-one-out approach, this model classified 11 of 12 (92%) patients with physiological PSC and 3 of 5 (60%) patients with vestibulo-ocular PSC. The same classification accuracy was observed in a model only using accelerometry data. Our pilot results suggest that adding wearable sensors during clinical tests like the BCTT, combined with deep learning models, may have the utility to assist management decisions for mTBI patients in the future. We reiterate that more validation is needed to replicate the current results.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-20DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3020019
Chun-Hao Huang, Burcu Aydemir, K. Foucher
We have shown that step length asymmetry seen in hip osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with poorer mechanical energy exchange and higher metabolic cost. Thus, we conducted this proof-of-concept study to investigate whether modifying step length through split-belt treadmill training can improve walking energetics. We conducted split-belt treadmill training in four periods with simultaneous motion and metabolic analyses in 10 women with unilateral hip OA. Using repeated measures ANOVA, we evaluated changes across each period, in step length asymmetry, mechanical energy exchange, and O2 rate. We also examined changes in hip range of motion and peak plantarflexor moment. We used Spearman correlations (rho) to assess the strength of associations between variables at baseline and after adaptation. We found that step length asymmetry and O2 rate decreased (p = 0.007, p < 0.001) and mechanical energy exchange increased (p < 0.001). Reduced step length asymmetry was associated with reduced O2 rate (rho = 0.732, p = 0.016). Hip range of motion increased (p < 0.001) and was associated with decreased step length asymmetry (rho = 0.818, p = 0.004), indicating a potential mechanism. These findings suggest that reducing step length asymmetry by split-belt treadmill training could improve walking energetics in hip OA people.
{"title":"Split-Belt Treadmill Training Improves Mechanical Energetics and Metabolic Cost in Women with Unilateral Hip Osteoarthritis: A Proof-of-Concept Study","authors":"Chun-Hao Huang, Burcu Aydemir, K. Foucher","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3020019","url":null,"abstract":"We have shown that step length asymmetry seen in hip osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with poorer mechanical energy exchange and higher metabolic cost. Thus, we conducted this proof-of-concept study to investigate whether modifying step length through split-belt treadmill training can improve walking energetics. We conducted split-belt treadmill training in four periods with simultaneous motion and metabolic analyses in 10 women with unilateral hip OA. Using repeated measures ANOVA, we evaluated changes across each period, in step length asymmetry, mechanical energy exchange, and O2 rate. We also examined changes in hip range of motion and peak plantarflexor moment. We used Spearman correlations (rho) to assess the strength of associations between variables at baseline and after adaptation. We found that step length asymmetry and O2 rate decreased (p = 0.007, p < 0.001) and mechanical energy exchange increased (p < 0.001). Reduced step length asymmetry was associated with reduced O2 rate (rho = 0.732, p = 0.016). Hip range of motion increased (p < 0.001) and was associated with decreased step length asymmetry (rho = 0.818, p = 0.004), indicating a potential mechanism. These findings suggest that reducing step length asymmetry by split-belt treadmill training could improve walking energetics in hip OA people.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45447358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3020018
V. Panoutsakopoulos, I. Kollias
The inability to control the body center of mass (BCM) initial conditions, when executing plyometric exercises, comprises a restrictive factor to accurately compare jumps executed vertically and horizontally. The purpose of the study was to present a methodological approach for the examination of BCM initial conditions during vertical drop jumps (VDJ) and plyometric rebound jumps performed with a pendulum swing (HPRJ). A system consisting of two force plates was used for the evaluation of VDJ. A bifilar pendulum, equipped with a goniometer and accelerometer, was constructed for the evaluation of the HPRJ. Kinematic parameters from both jump modalities were obtained by means of videography (100 Hz). Thirty-eight physically active young males executed VDJ and HPRJ with identical BCM kinetic energy at the instant of impact (KEI). Results revealed that participants produced higher power and lower force outputs at HPRJ (p < 0.01). The rate of force development was larger in VDJ, while hip movement was less in HPRJ. The use of the presented methodology provided the means to reliably determine the exact BCM release height during the execution of the examined jumps. This provided an accurate determination of the amount of KEI, being the main parameter of calculating load during plyometric exercise.
{"title":"Reliability of a Pendulum Apparatus for the Execution of Plyometric Rebound Exercises and the Comparison of Their Biomechanical Parameters with Load-Matching Vertical Drop Jumps","authors":"V. Panoutsakopoulos, I. Kollias","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3020018","url":null,"abstract":"The inability to control the body center of mass (BCM) initial conditions, when executing plyometric exercises, comprises a restrictive factor to accurately compare jumps executed vertically and horizontally. The purpose of the study was to present a methodological approach for the examination of BCM initial conditions during vertical drop jumps (VDJ) and plyometric rebound jumps performed with a pendulum swing (HPRJ). A system consisting of two force plates was used for the evaluation of VDJ. A bifilar pendulum, equipped with a goniometer and accelerometer, was constructed for the evaluation of the HPRJ. Kinematic parameters from both jump modalities were obtained by means of videography (100 Hz). Thirty-eight physically active young males executed VDJ and HPRJ with identical BCM kinetic energy at the instant of impact (KEI). Results revealed that participants produced higher power and lower force outputs at HPRJ (p < 0.01). The rate of force development was larger in VDJ, while hip movement was less in HPRJ. The use of the presented methodology provided the means to reliably determine the exact BCM release height during the execution of the examined jumps. This provided an accurate determination of the amount of KEI, being the main parameter of calculating load during plyometric exercise.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45295036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to estimate the trunk twist angle from the shoulder and hip rotation angles in short-distance crawl swimming and to elucidate the twist motion of the relationship between the trunk and the rotation angular velocity in response to changes in swimming speed. Swimming speed during the experimental trials was computed from the subject’s best times in the 50 and 100 m crawl swims. Wireless self-luminous LED markers were attached to seven locations on the body. The actual coordinate values of the LED markers were obtained using 18 cameras for underwater movements and 4 on the water for above-water movements. A comparison of the rate of change between trials revealed a high correlation (r = 0.722, p < 0.01) between the twist angle and shoulder rotation angular velocity in the Push phase. In the same phase, a high correlation (r = 0.748, p < 0.01) was also found between the twist angle and the angular velocity of hip rotation. These results suggest that swimmers increase the twist angle of their trunks to obtain a higher swimming speed.
本研究旨在从肩部和髋部的旋转角度来估计短距离爬泳时躯干的扭转角度，阐明随着游泳速度的变化躯干的扭转运动与旋转角速度的关系。实验中的游泳速度是根据受试者在50米和100米自由泳中的最佳成绩计算的。无线自发光LED标记贴在身体的7个位置。LED标记的实际坐标值在水下运动时使用18台摄像机，在水上运动时使用4台摄像机。比较试验之间的变化率显示出高度相关性(r = 0.722, p <推阶段扭转角与肩转角速度之间的比值为0.01)。在同一阶段，高相关性(r = 0.748, p <扭转角与髋部旋转角速度之间也存在0.01)。这些结果表明，游泳者增加了他们的躯干扭转角度，以获得更高的游泳速度。
{"title":"Relationship between Swimming Velocity and Trunk Twist Motion in Short-Distance Crawl Swimming","authors":"Hiroki Hyodo, Daiki Koga, Yasuo Sengoku, Tadashi Wada","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3020017","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to estimate the trunk twist angle from the shoulder and hip rotation angles in short-distance crawl swimming and to elucidate the twist motion of the relationship between the trunk and the rotation angular velocity in response to changes in swimming speed. Swimming speed during the experimental trials was computed from the subject’s best times in the 50 and 100 m crawl swims. Wireless self-luminous LED markers were attached to seven locations on the body. The actual coordinate values of the LED markers were obtained using 18 cameras for underwater movements and 4 on the water for above-water movements. A comparison of the rate of change between trials revealed a high correlation (r = 0.722, p < 0.01) between the twist angle and shoulder rotation angular velocity in the Push phase. In the same phase, a high correlation (r = 0.748, p < 0.01) was also found between the twist angle and the angular velocity of hip rotation. These results suggest that swimmers increase the twist angle of their trunks to obtain a higher swimming speed.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135762692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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