Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-02DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4030036
Nicholas L Hunt, Amy E Holcomb, Clare K Fitzpatrick, Tyler N Brown
This study examined the effect of age and surface on patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress magnitude and waveform during stair ascent and descent tasks. A total of 12 young and 12 older adults had knee biomechanics quantified while they ascended and descended stairs on normal, slick, and uneven surfaces. The peak of stance (0-100%) PFJ stress and associated components were submitted to a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, while the PFJ stress waveform was submitted to statistical parametric mapping two-way ANOVA. During stair ascent, older adults exhibited greater PFJ stress waveforms, from 55 to 59% and 74 to 84% of stance (p < 0.001) as well as greater PFJ stress-time integral across stance (p = 0.003), and later peak PFJ stress, than young adults (p = 0.002). When ascending on the uneven surface, participants exhibited smaller PFJ stress from 9 to 24% of stance compared to the normal surface, but greater PFJ stress from 75 to 88% and from 63 to 68% of stance (p < 0.001) as well as greater PFJ stress-time integrals compared to normal and slick surfaces (p < 0.032). During stair descent, older adults exhibited a smaller PFJ contact area range (p = 0.034) and peak knee flexion angle (p = 0.022) than young adults. When descending on the slick surface, participants exhibited smaller PFJ stress from 5 to 18% of stance, but greater stress, from 92 to 98% of stance (both: p < 0.001), compared to the normal surface. Negotiating slick and uneven stairs may produce knee biomechanics that increase PFJ stress, and the larger, later PFJ stress exhibited by older adults may further increase their risk of PFJ pain.
{"title":"Effects of Aging on Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Stair Negotiation on Challenging Surfaces.","authors":"Nicholas L Hunt, Amy E Holcomb, Clare K Fitzpatrick, Tyler N Brown","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4030036","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomechanics4030036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effect of age and surface on patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress magnitude and waveform during stair ascent and descent tasks. A total of 12 young and 12 older adults had knee biomechanics quantified while they ascended and descended stairs on normal, slick, and uneven surfaces. The peak of stance (0-100%) PFJ stress and associated components were submitted to a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, while the PFJ stress waveform was submitted to statistical parametric mapping two-way ANOVA. During stair ascent, older adults exhibited greater PFJ stress waveforms, from 55 to 59% and 74 to 84% of stance (<i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as greater PFJ stress-time integral across stance (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and later peak PFJ stress, than young adults (<i>p</i> = 0.002). When ascending on the uneven surface, participants exhibited smaller PFJ stress from 9 to 24% of stance compared to the normal surface, but greater PFJ stress from 75 to 88% and from 63 to 68% of stance (<i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as greater PFJ stress-time integrals compared to normal and slick surfaces (<i>p</i> < 0.032). During stair descent, older adults exhibited a smaller PFJ contact area range (<i>p</i> = 0.034) and peak knee flexion angle (<i>p</i> = 0.022) than young adults. When descending on the slick surface, participants exhibited smaller PFJ stress from 5 to 18% of stance, but greater stress, from 92 to 98% of stance (both: <i>p</i> < 0.001), compared to the normal surface. Negotiating slick and uneven stairs may produce knee biomechanics that increase PFJ stress, and the larger, later PFJ stress exhibited by older adults may further increase their risk of PFJ pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"4 3","pages":"507-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3040043
Hannah R. Freeman, Harish Chander, Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Alana J. Turner, J. Adam Jones, Zhujun Pan, Christopher Hudson, Adam C. Knight
Background: Taking inspiration from the classical 1974, “moving room experiment” by Lee and Aronson, a “virtual moving room paradigm (Vroom)” was designed using virtual reality (VR) to assess postural control behavior. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (age: 21 ± 1 years; height: 166.5 ± 7.3 cm; mass: 71.7 ± 16.2 kg) were tested for postural stability in a virtual moving room paradigm (Vroom). The Vroom consisted of randomized virtual and visual perturbations of the virtual room moving toward and away from the individual, during both unexpected and expected trials. Objective postural sway variables and subjective experiences to VR using the simulator sickness questionnaire as well as balance confidence scale were also assessed and analyzed using a two way (2 × 2 [2 moving room direction (Toward vs. Away) and 2 knowledge of moving room (unexpected vs. expected)] repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a one-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-test, respectively at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Significantly greater postural sway was observed when the virtual room moved toward the participant than when moving away, and when it moved unexpectedly, compared with the expected moving room. Significantly improved balance confidence with realistic immersion and without simulator sickness was also observed. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence indicating that the virtual moving room induces postural perturbations that challenge the postural control system, especially when the moving room is unexpected and moves toward the individual. Additionally, increased balance confidence and realistic immersion in the virtual environment with no adverse effects of simulator sickness were observed, providing evidence for the beneficial effects of the Vroom. Thus, the Vroom can be an easy and cost-effective method to expose individuals to realistic, virtual, and visual perturbations that challenge the postural control system and increase balance confidence, with realistic immersion and without adverse effects.
{"title":"Postural Control Behavior in a Virtual Moving Room Paradigm","authors":"Hannah R. Freeman, Harish Chander, Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Alana J. Turner, J. Adam Jones, Zhujun Pan, Christopher Hudson, Adam C. Knight","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040043","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Taking inspiration from the classical 1974, “moving room experiment” by Lee and Aronson, a “virtual moving room paradigm (Vroom)” was designed using virtual reality (VR) to assess postural control behavior. Methods: Thirty healthy adults (age: 21 ± 1 years; height: 166.5 ± 7.3 cm; mass: 71.7 ± 16.2 kg) were tested for postural stability in a virtual moving room paradigm (Vroom). The Vroom consisted of randomized virtual and visual perturbations of the virtual room moving toward and away from the individual, during both unexpected and expected trials. Objective postural sway variables and subjective experiences to VR using the simulator sickness questionnaire as well as balance confidence scale were also assessed and analyzed using a two way (2 × 2 [2 moving room direction (Toward vs. Away) and 2 knowledge of moving room (unexpected vs. expected)] repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a one-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-test, respectively at an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Significantly greater postural sway was observed when the virtual room moved toward the participant than when moving away, and when it moved unexpectedly, compared with the expected moving room. Significantly improved balance confidence with realistic immersion and without simulator sickness was also observed. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence indicating that the virtual moving room induces postural perturbations that challenge the postural control system, especially when the moving room is unexpected and moves toward the individual. Additionally, increased balance confidence and realistic immersion in the virtual environment with no adverse effects of simulator sickness were observed, providing evidence for the beneficial effects of the Vroom. Thus, the Vroom can be an easy and cost-effective method to expose individuals to realistic, virtual, and visual perturbations that challenge the postural control system and increase balance confidence, with realistic immersion and without adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"6 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forefoot osteotomies to improve the alignment are difficult procedures and can lead to a variety of complications. Preoperative planning in three dimensions might assist in the successful management of forefoot deformities. The purpose of this study was to develop a global coordinate system in the foot for the planning of forefoot corrections. Two strategies (CS1 and CS2) were developed for defining a global coordinate system that meets the criteria of being well-defined, robust, highly repeatable, clinically relevant, compatible with foot CT scans, independent of the ankle joint angle, and does not include bones in the forefoot. The absolute angle of rotation was used to quantify repeatability. The anatomical planes of the coordinate systems were visually inspected by an orthopedic surgeon to evaluate the clinical relevancy. The repeatability of CS1 ranged from 0.48° to 5.86°. The definition of CS2 was fully automated and, therefore, had a perfect repeatability (0°). Clinically relevant anatomical planes were observed with CS2. In conclusion, this study presents an automated method for defining a global coordinate system in the foot according to predefined requirements for the planning of forefoot corrections.
{"title":"Definition of a Global Coordinate System in the Foot for the Surgical Planning of Forefoot Corrections","authors":"Sanne Krakers, Anil Peters, Sybrand Homan, Judith olde Heuvel, Gabriëlle Tuijthof","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040042","url":null,"abstract":"Forefoot osteotomies to improve the alignment are difficult procedures and can lead to a variety of complications. Preoperative planning in three dimensions might assist in the successful management of forefoot deformities. The purpose of this study was to develop a global coordinate system in the foot for the planning of forefoot corrections. Two strategies (CS1 and CS2) were developed for defining a global coordinate system that meets the criteria of being well-defined, robust, highly repeatable, clinically relevant, compatible with foot CT scans, independent of the ankle joint angle, and does not include bones in the forefoot. The absolute angle of rotation was used to quantify repeatability. The anatomical planes of the coordinate systems were visually inspected by an orthopedic surgeon to evaluate the clinical relevancy. The repeatability of CS1 ranged from 0.48° to 5.86°. The definition of CS2 was fully automated and, therefore, had a perfect repeatability (0°). Clinically relevant anatomical planes were observed with CS2. In conclusion, this study presents an automated method for defining a global coordinate system in the foot according to predefined requirements for the planning of forefoot corrections.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"2 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3040041
Nick Kampkuiper, Jorm Nellensteijn, Edsko Hekman, Gabriëlle Tuijthof, Steven Lankheet, Maaike Koenrades, Femke Schröder
Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction can lead to debilitating pain but can be treated with minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion (SIJF). This treatment is commonly performed using 2D fluoroscopic guidance. This makes placing the implants without damaging surrounding neural structures challenging. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) using simulated fluoroscopic images may improve intraoperative guidance. This article describes a workflow with VSP in SIJF using simulated fluoroscopic images and evaluates achieved implant placement accuracy. Ten interventions were performed on 10 patients by the same surgeon, resulting in a total of 30 implants; the median age was 39 years, and all patients were female. The overall mean implant placement accuracy was 4.9 ± 1.26 mm and 4.0 ± 1.44°. There were no malpositioning complications. VSP helped the surgeon understand the anatomy and determine the optimal position and length of the implants. The planned positions of the implants could be reproduced in surgery with what appears to be a clinically acceptable level of accuracy.
{"title":"Patient-Specific 3D Virtual Surgical Planning Using Simulated Fluoroscopic Images to Improve Sacroiliac Joint Fusion","authors":"Nick Kampkuiper, Jorm Nellensteijn, Edsko Hekman, Gabriëlle Tuijthof, Steven Lankheet, Maaike Koenrades, Femke Schröder","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040041","url":null,"abstract":"Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction can lead to debilitating pain but can be treated with minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion (SIJF). This treatment is commonly performed using 2D fluoroscopic guidance. This makes placing the implants without damaging surrounding neural structures challenging. Virtual surgical planning (VSP) using simulated fluoroscopic images may improve intraoperative guidance. This article describes a workflow with VSP in SIJF using simulated fluoroscopic images and evaluates achieved implant placement accuracy. Ten interventions were performed on 10 patients by the same surgeon, resulting in a total of 30 implants; the median age was 39 years, and all patients were female. The overall mean implant placement accuracy was 4.9 ± 1.26 mm and 4.0 ± 1.44°. There were no malpositioning complications. VSP helped the surgeon understand the anatomy and determine the optimal position and length of the implants. The planned positions of the implants could be reproduced in surgery with what appears to be a clinically acceptable level of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"61 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3040040
Lucas Galey, Guillermo Beckmann, Ethan Ramos, Frances A. Rangel, Roger V. Gonzalez
Approximately 82% of amputees prefer microprocessor knees (MPKs) to the passive alternatives. However, the cost of these devices makes them inaccessible for many patients. The aim of this research is to develop an affordable MPK that allows for stumble reduction and flexion dampening at a fraction of the cost of similar devices. The GKnee was developed by a sophisticated mathematical model that can effectively calculate geometric configuration and simulate forces transferred through a prosthetic knee at any given point through the gait cycle. With a median error of 6%, the mathematical model was developed to the point of reasonable accuracy for determining component placement and force interactions. The model served as a valuable tool to assist in the iterative design process of the GKnee, influencing component selection for the hydraulic system and frame design. This model was then validated using a compression rig and a mock GKnee prototype. The GKnee was then evaluated for its ability to perform under expected loading conditions, using compression testing and dynamic flexion testing. This research led to the development of a sub USD 500 microprocessor prosthetic, while remaining under 2.27 kg.
{"title":"Optimization of a Cost-Constrained, Hydraulic Knee Prosthesis Using a Kinematic Analysis Model","authors":"Lucas Galey, Guillermo Beckmann, Ethan Ramos, Frances A. Rangel, Roger V. Gonzalez","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040040","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 82% of amputees prefer microprocessor knees (MPKs) to the passive alternatives. However, the cost of these devices makes them inaccessible for many patients. The aim of this research is to develop an affordable MPK that allows for stumble reduction and flexion dampening at a fraction of the cost of similar devices. The GKnee was developed by a sophisticated mathematical model that can effectively calculate geometric configuration and simulate forces transferred through a prosthetic knee at any given point through the gait cycle. With a median error of 6%, the mathematical model was developed to the point of reasonable accuracy for determining component placement and force interactions. The model served as a valuable tool to assist in the iterative design process of the GKnee, influencing component selection for the hydraulic system and frame design. This model was then validated using a compression rig and a mock GKnee prototype. The GKnee was then evaluated for its ability to perform under expected loading conditions, using compression testing and dynamic flexion testing. This research led to the development of a sub USD 500 microprocessor prosthetic, while remaining under 2.27 kg.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3040039
Víctor Hernández-Beltrán, Mário C. Espada, Jesús Muñoz-Jiménez, Kiko León, Cátia C. Ferreira, Jose A. Parraca, José M. Gamonales
Biomechanical analysis has been one of the most used procedures when aiming to improve performance in sports and is also very relevant and decisive in the final classification of competitive events in sports such as gymnastics. Hence, this study sought to provide an overview of the number of scientific literature publications related to biomechanics research in gymnastics. The document search was completed in March 2023 and reflected a bibliometric analysis considering the published manuscripts up to 31 December 2022. Data collection was performed on the Web of Science, following the bibliometric analysis law, using Microsoft Excel and VosViewer Software (v1.6.19) for analysis and data processing. A total of 325 documents related to the topic under study were located. The results highlight that the older manuscripts date from 1980, with a growing trend of publications from that moment until now and a very visible increase in 2015, and that Sport Science is the category associated with more published manuscripts. A total of 30 manuscripts have 30 or more citations, 746 authors and co-authors are associated with the publications, and 58 co-authorships have published one or more studies. Moreover, 47 countries or regions have been associated with the topic under study, with the USA, England, and Australia being the countries with the most published articles and citations. The study also found that the highest frequency keywords are: “gymnastics” (n = 122), “biomechanics” (n = 73), “simulation” (n = 27), and “performance” (n = 25), considering the average year of publication of the documents, “balance” (n = 11), “artistic gymnastic” (n = 14) and “training” (n = 25) are the most frequently used terms. This study reveals that the topic of biomechanics in gymnastics has shown sustained growth and deserves the attention of the scientific community, but at the same time, there is still much room for research development.
{"title":"Evolution of Documents Related to Biomechanics Research in Gymnastics","authors":"Víctor Hernández-Beltrán, Mário C. Espada, Jesús Muñoz-Jiménez, Kiko León, Cátia C. Ferreira, Jose A. Parraca, José M. Gamonales","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040039","url":null,"abstract":"Biomechanical analysis has been one of the most used procedures when aiming to improve performance in sports and is also very relevant and decisive in the final classification of competitive events in sports such as gymnastics. Hence, this study sought to provide an overview of the number of scientific literature publications related to biomechanics research in gymnastics. The document search was completed in March 2023 and reflected a bibliometric analysis considering the published manuscripts up to 31 December 2022. Data collection was performed on the Web of Science, following the bibliometric analysis law, using Microsoft Excel and VosViewer Software (v1.6.19) for analysis and data processing. A total of 325 documents related to the topic under study were located. The results highlight that the older manuscripts date from 1980, with a growing trend of publications from that moment until now and a very visible increase in 2015, and that Sport Science is the category associated with more published manuscripts. A total of 30 manuscripts have 30 or more citations, 746 authors and co-authors are associated with the publications, and 58 co-authorships have published one or more studies. Moreover, 47 countries or regions have been associated with the topic under study, with the USA, England, and Australia being the countries with the most published articles and citations. The study also found that the highest frequency keywords are: “gymnastics” (n = 122), “biomechanics” (n = 73), “simulation” (n = 27), and “performance” (n = 25), considering the average year of publication of the documents, “balance” (n = 11), “artistic gymnastic” (n = 14) and “training” (n = 25) are the most frequently used terms. This study reveals that the topic of biomechanics in gymnastics has shown sustained growth and deserves the attention of the scientific community, but at the same time, there is still much room for research development.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to report the shooting velocities and to assess the differences in shot velocity according to the techniques used in elite youth male rink hockey players. Fifteen rink hockey players (age = 18.40 ± 1.44 year; body mass = 73.52 ± 6.02 kg; height = 1.76 ± 0.06 m; BMI = 23.61 ± 2.12; sports experience = 6.44 ± 1.76 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Shooting velocities were assessed for four techniques: slap shot without approach run, drive shot without approach run, slap shot with approach run, and drive shot with approach run. Shooting velocity measurements were conducted using a radar Stalker ATS systemTM. The results demonstrated that drive shots consistently achieved higher velocities compared to slap shots (F(3,56) = 23.9 p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.58). Additionally, incorporating an approach run significantly increased shooting velocities for both techniques (p < 0.01). These findings hold significant implications for coaches and players seeking to optimize shooting performance in rink hockey.
{"title":"Assessing the Shooting Velocity According to the Shooting Technique in Elite Youth Rink Hockey Players","authors":"Jordi Arboix-Alió, Guillem Trabal, Dani Moreno-Galcerán","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040038","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to report the shooting velocities and to assess the differences in shot velocity according to the techniques used in elite youth male rink hockey players. Fifteen rink hockey players (age = 18.40 ± 1.44 year; body mass = 73.52 ± 6.02 kg; height = 1.76 ± 0.06 m; BMI = 23.61 ± 2.12; sports experience = 6.44 ± 1.76 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Shooting velocities were assessed for four techniques: slap shot without approach run, drive shot without approach run, slap shot with approach run, and drive shot with approach run. Shooting velocity measurements were conducted using a radar Stalker ATS systemTM. The results demonstrated that drive shots consistently achieved higher velocities compared to slap shots (F(3,56) = 23.9 p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.58). Additionally, incorporating an approach run significantly increased shooting velocities for both techniques (p < 0.01). These findings hold significant implications for coaches and players seeking to optimize shooting performance in rink hockey.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3040037
Isaura Leite, Márcio Goethel, Filipe Conceição, Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho
An increased jumping performance is key for gymnastics competition routines. Rhythmic gymnasts (RGs) use the jump as one of the main body elements. In Acrobatic Gymnastics (ACRO), top gymnasts must coordinate their jumps with the impulse provided by base gymnast(s). It is expected that the gymnasts’ discipline and role played impact their jumping skill. This work aims to investigate how the jumping performance differs between ACRO gymnasts and RGs, focusing on the Force–Velocity (F-V) profile mechanical variables. Gymnasts were divided in three groups: ACRO tops (n = 10, 13.89 (3.62) median (interquartile interval) years old), ACRO bases (n = 18, 18.24 (4.41) years old) and RGs (n = 15, 12.00 (3.00) years old). The F-V profile during countermovement jump and its mechanical variables were evaluated using MyJump2. A training background survey and anthropometric assessments were conducted. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Group comparisons showed that ACRO bases jump higher than ACRO tops and RGs, present a higher maximal force than RGs and a more balanced F-V profile, while RGs present high force deficits. Coaches can use this data to develop interventions that optimize the training stimulus to different gymnastics disciplines considering the individual characteristics and adaptability of each gymnast.
{"title":"How Does the Jumping Performance Differs between Acrobatic and Rhythmic Gymnasts?","authors":"Isaura Leite, Márcio Goethel, Filipe Conceição, Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040037","url":null,"abstract":"An increased jumping performance is key for gymnastics competition routines. Rhythmic gymnasts (RGs) use the jump as one of the main body elements. In Acrobatic Gymnastics (ACRO), top gymnasts must coordinate their jumps with the impulse provided by base gymnast(s). It is expected that the gymnasts’ discipline and role played impact their jumping skill. This work aims to investigate how the jumping performance differs between ACRO gymnasts and RGs, focusing on the Force–Velocity (F-V) profile mechanical variables. Gymnasts were divided in three groups: ACRO tops (n = 10, 13.89 (3.62) median (interquartile interval) years old), ACRO bases (n = 18, 18.24 (4.41) years old) and RGs (n = 15, 12.00 (3.00) years old). The F-V profile during countermovement jump and its mechanical variables were evaluated using MyJump2. A training background survey and anthropometric assessments were conducted. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Group comparisons showed that ACRO bases jump higher than ACRO tops and RGs, present a higher maximal force than RGs and a more balanced F-V profile, while RGs present high force deficits. Coaches can use this data to develop interventions that optimize the training stimulus to different gymnastics disciplines considering the individual characteristics and adaptability of each gymnast.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3040036
Albert T. Anastasio, Anthony N. Baumann, Andrew Fiorentino, Katelyn Sidloski, Kempland C. Walley, Aditya Muralidharan, Keegan T. Conry, Jacob C. Hoffmann
Cervical disc degenerative disease (CDDD) is a common spinal pathology that is often treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA), and/or hybrid cervical surgery (HCS). The purpose of this first-time systematic review is to examine the biomechanical outcomes associated with three types of non-contiguous cervical surgeries—ACDF, CDA, and HCS—to provide a greater understanding of non-contiguous cervical surgical biomechanics. A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, and Web of Science from database inception until June 6th, 2023. The inclusion criteria was any article that reported biomechanical or kinematic outcomes, outcomes for any of the three non-contiguous cervical surgeries, and human-derived and/or human cadaver subjects. A total of 5 biomechanical articles were included from a total of 523 articles. Non-contiguous two-level HCS experienced less drastic range-of-motion (ROM) changes throughout the cervical spine and decreased intervertebral disc pressure (IDP) compared to non-contiguous two-level ACDF. Non-contiguous two-level CDA resulted in more cervical ROM and less non-operative segment facet contact force compared to non-contiguous two level ACDF. There was less cephalad and caudal non-operative segment ROM in non-contiguous two-level ACDF compared to contiguous three-level ACDF.
颈椎间盘退行性疾病(CDDD)是一种常见的脊柱病理，通常通过颈前路椎间盘切除术和融合术(ACDF)、颈椎间盘置换术(CDA)和/或混合颈椎手术(HCS)进行治疗。本文首次系统回顾的目的是研究三种非连续颈椎手术(acdf、CDA和hcs)的生物力学结果，以更好地了解非连续颈椎手术的生物力学。使用PubMed、护理和相关健康文献累积索引(CINAHL)、MEDLINE和Web of Science从数据库建立到2023年6月6日进行系统评价。纳入标准是任何报道了生物力学或运动学结果、三次非连续颈椎手术中的任何一次结果以及人源性和/或人尸体受试者的文章。从523篇文献中共纳入5篇生物力学文献。与非连续两节段ACDF相比，非连续两节段HCS在整个颈椎的活动范围(ROM)变化较小，椎间盘压力(IDP)降低。与非连续二节段ACDF相比，非连续二节段CDA导致更多的颈椎ROM和更小的非手术节段小关节面接触力。与连续三节段ACDF相比，非连续二节段ACDF的头侧和尾侧非手术节段ROM较少。
{"title":"The Kinematics and Biomechanics for Non-Contiguous Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion, Cervical Disc Arthroplasty, and Hybrid Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review","authors":"Albert T. Anastasio, Anthony N. Baumann, Andrew Fiorentino, Katelyn Sidloski, Kempland C. Walley, Aditya Muralidharan, Keegan T. Conry, Jacob C. Hoffmann","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3040036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040036","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical disc degenerative disease (CDDD) is a common spinal pathology that is often treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA), and/or hybrid cervical surgery (HCS). The purpose of this first-time systematic review is to examine the biomechanical outcomes associated with three types of non-contiguous cervical surgeries—ACDF, CDA, and HCS—to provide a greater understanding of non-contiguous cervical surgical biomechanics. A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, and Web of Science from database inception until June 6th, 2023. The inclusion criteria was any article that reported biomechanical or kinematic outcomes, outcomes for any of the three non-contiguous cervical surgeries, and human-derived and/or human cadaver subjects. A total of 5 biomechanical articles were included from a total of 523 articles. Non-contiguous two-level HCS experienced less drastic range-of-motion (ROM) changes throughout the cervical spine and decreased intervertebral disc pressure (IDP) compared to non-contiguous two-level ACDF. Non-contiguous two-level CDA resulted in more cervical ROM and less non-operative segment facet contact force compared to non-contiguous two level ACDF. There was less cephalad and caudal non-operative segment ROM in non-contiguous two-level ACDF compared to contiguous three-level ACDF.","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3030035
R. Nataraj, Sean Sanford, Mingxiao Liu
This study examined the effects of different modes of augmented visual feedback of joint kinematics on the emerging joint moment patterns during the two-legged squat maneuver. Training with augmented visual feedback supports improved kinematic performance of maneuvers related to sports or daily activities. Despite being representative of intrinsic motor actions, joint moments are not traditionally evaluated with kinematic feedback training. Furthermore, stabilizing joint moment patterns with physical training is beneficial to rehabilitating joint-level function (e.g., targeted strengthening and conditioning of muscles articulating that joint). Participants were presented with different modes of augmented visual feedback to track a target squat-motion trajectory. The feedback modes varied along features of complexity (i.e., number of segment trajectories shown) and body representation (i.e., trajectories shown as sinusoids versus dynamic stick-figure avatars). Our results indicated that mean values and variability (trial-to-trial standard deviations) of joint moments are significantly (p < 0.05) altered depending on the visual feedback features being applied, the specific joint (ankle, knee, hip), and the squat movement phase (early, middle, or late time window). This study should incentivize more optimal delivery of visual guidance during rehabilitative training with computerized interfaces (e.g., virtual reality).
{"title":"Joint Moment Responses to Different Modes of Augmented Visual Feedback of Joint Kinematics during Two-Legged Squat Training","authors":"R. Nataraj, Sean Sanford, Mingxiao Liu","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics3030035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030035","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of different modes of augmented visual feedback of joint kinematics on the emerging joint moment patterns during the two-legged squat maneuver. Training with augmented visual feedback supports improved kinematic performance of maneuvers related to sports or daily activities. Despite being representative of intrinsic motor actions, joint moments are not traditionally evaluated with kinematic feedback training. Furthermore, stabilizing joint moment patterns with physical training is beneficial to rehabilitating joint-level function (e.g., targeted strengthening and conditioning of muscles articulating that joint). Participants were presented with different modes of augmented visual feedback to track a target squat-motion trajectory. The feedback modes varied along features of complexity (i.e., number of segment trajectories shown) and body representation (i.e., trajectories shown as sinusoids versus dynamic stick-figure avatars). Our results indicated that mean values and variability (trial-to-trial standard deviations) of joint moments are significantly (p < 0.05) altered depending on the visual feedback features being applied, the specific joint (ankle, knee, hip), and the squat movement phase (early, middle, or late time window). This study should incentivize more optimal delivery of visual guidance during rehabilitative training with computerized interfaces (e.g., virtual reality).","PeriodicalId":72381,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44064400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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