Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107437
Yiwen Liu , Li Ye , Juqin Wen , Manling Bai , Zhongshu Pu
Brucellosis causes significant economic damage and public health problems in northwest China. The older rural population is considered a high-risk group. However, the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for brucellosis in this population remain unclear. This study investigated these factors within this high-risk group by performing a cross-sectional study in five townships of Wuwei City, Gansu Province. Cases were screened via rose Bengal and serum plate agglutination tests. Risk factors were evaluated using a standard questionnaire form. This study included 1074 participants aged >50 years. Among them, 15 (1.4%) tested positive for Brucella. The most common symptoms were arthralgia/myalgia (n=5, 33.3%), and 10 (66.7%) cases were asymptomatic. Raising lambs artificially (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.3–17.0; P=0.02) increased the risk of brucellosis. The results indicated a high proportion of asymptomatic brucellosis in this group. Raising lambs artificially is a risk factor for brucellosis. The surveillance and health education of brucellosis for older rural populations in endemic areas of northwest China should been attention.
{"title":"Epidemiology characterization and risk factors of brucellosis among older rural populations in northwest China","authors":"Yiwen Liu , Li Ye , Juqin Wen , Manling Bai , Zhongshu Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis causes significant economic damage and public health problems in northwest China. The older rural population is considered a high-risk group. However, the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for brucellosis in this population remain unclear. This study investigated these factors within this high-risk group by performing a cross-sectional study in five townships of Wuwei City, Gansu Province. Cases were screened via rose Bengal and serum plate agglutination tests. Risk factors were evaluated using a standard questionnaire form. This study included 1074 participants aged >50 years. Among them, 15 (1.4%) tested positive for <em>Brucella</em>. The most common symptoms were arthralgia/myalgia (n=5, 33.3%), and 10 (66.7%) cases were asymptomatic. Raising lambs artificially (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.3–17.0; <em>P</em>=0.02) increased the risk of brucellosis. The results indicated a high proportion of asymptomatic brucellosis in this group. Raising lambs artificially is a risk factor for brucellosis. The surveillance and health education of brucellosis for older rural populations in endemic areas of northwest China should been attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107434
Mehran Khaledian , Iman Owliaee , Alireza Sazmand , Behroz Davari , Amir Hossein Zahirnia , Farid Azizi Jalilian
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Although it is considered the most widespread mosquito-borne arbovirus in Iran, vectors of this zoonotic pathogen remain unknown in many regions. This study aimed to assess the presence of WNV in mosquitoes collected in the western city of Hamedan in 2022. Adult mosquitoes were captured using light traps, and mosquito larvae were collected by dipping technique from 45 diverse habitats, including urban, suburban, and rural sites. Specimens were identified and pooled into 69 batches based on their species for viral RNA extraction and Real-Time PCR. In total, 3243 mosquitoes (2209 larvae and 1034 adults) were captured and identified as Culiseta longiareolata, Culex hortensis, Anopheles maculipennis s.l., Culex theileri, Culex pipiens, Anopheles claviger, and Anopheles superpictus s.l. in decreasing order. Molecular screening revealed seven WNV-positive pools of Culiseta longiareolata and Culex hortensis in rural (n = 5) and urban areas (n = 2). Detection of WNV RNA indicates active circulation in mosquitoes and risk of transmission to humans and animals in Hamadan. These findings identify putative vectors in Hamadan, though vectors likely vary regionally in Iran. Further surveillance is needed to elucidate local WNV epidemiology and transmission dynamics fully. Nonetheless, this study provides important baseline evidence of WNV activity to guide prevention strategies in this area.
{"title":"West Nile virus in adults and larvae of Culiseta longiareolata and Culex hortensis (Diptera: Culicidae) captured in Hamedan, western Iran","authors":"Mehran Khaledian , Iman Owliaee , Alireza Sazmand , Behroz Davari , Amir Hossein Zahirnia , Farid Azizi Jalilian","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Although it is considered the most widespread mosquito-borne arbovirus in Iran, vectors of this zoonotic pathogen remain unknown in many regions. This study aimed to assess the presence of WNV in mosquitoes collected in the western city of Hamedan in 2022. Adult mosquitoes were captured using light traps, and mosquito larvae were collected by dipping technique from 45 diverse habitats, including urban, suburban, and rural sites. Specimens were identified and pooled into 69 batches based on their species for viral RNA extraction and Real-Time PCR. In total, 3243 mosquitoes (2209 larvae and 1034 adults) were captured and identified as <em>Culiseta longiareolata, Culex hortensis, Anopheles maculipennis</em> s.l., <em>Culex theileri, Culex pipiens, Anopheles claviger</em>, and <em>Anopheles superpictus</em> s.l. in decreasing order. Molecular screening revealed seven WNV-positive pools of <em>Culiseta longiareolata</em> and <em>Culex hortensis</em> in rural (<em>n</em> = 5) and urban areas (<em>n</em> = 2). Detection of WNV RNA indicates active circulation in mosquitoes and risk of transmission to humans and animals in Hamadan. These findings identify putative vectors in Hamadan, though vectors likely vary regionally in Iran. Further surveillance is needed to elucidate local WNV epidemiology and transmission dynamics fully. Nonetheless, this study provides important baseline evidence of WNV activity to guide prevention strategies in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107435
Abiodun Amusan , Olugbenga Akinola , Kazeem Akano , María Hernández-Castañeda , Jenna K. Dick , Akintunde Sowunmi , Geoffrey Hart , Grace Gbotosho
The replacement of chloroquine with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for over a decade has had varying impacts on the ability of the malaria parasite to sustain its chloroquine resistance prowess in different malaria-endemic regions. We evaluated the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) mutations in Ibadan, Nigeria 17 years after the replacement of chloroquine with ACTs for malaria treatment. Fragments of PfCRT gene from genomic DNA of microscopically confirmed P. falciparum-infected patients were amplified and sequenced. There were 19% CVIET mutant and 81% CVMNK wild-type haplotypes on residues 72–76. A220S change were found in 16.7% of samples occurring concurrently with the CVIET haplotype, while a Q271E mutation occurred in a PfCRT wild-type isolate. The reduced prevalence of the PfCRT mutant alleles in this study compared to previous reports suggests a gradual disappearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites following reduced drug pressure. It may also be a result of fitness demand on the parasites in attempts to evolve resistance against the current first-line regimen. However, evaluating the prevalence of other chloroquine resistance markers such as Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 gene mutations in this population, and a more robust sample size will help to consolidate these findings.
{"title":"Frequency of chloroquine-resistant haplotype of Plasmodium falciparum (CVIET) in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria 17 years post-chloroquine withdrawal","authors":"Abiodun Amusan , Olugbenga Akinola , Kazeem Akano , María Hernández-Castañeda , Jenna K. Dick , Akintunde Sowunmi , Geoffrey Hart , Grace Gbotosho","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The replacement of chloroquine with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for over a decade has had varying impacts on the ability of the malaria parasite to sustain its chloroquine resistance prowess in different malaria-endemic regions. We evaluated the frequency of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> chloroquine resistance transporter (<em>Pf</em>CRT) mutations in Ibadan, Nigeria 17 years after the replacement of chloroquine with ACTs for malaria treatment. Fragments of <em>Pf</em>CRT gene from genomic DNA of microscopically confirmed <em>P. falciparum</em>-infected patients were amplified and sequenced. There were 19% CVIET mutant and 81% CVMNK wild-type haplotypes on residues 72–76. A220S change were found in 16.7% of samples occurring concurrently with the CVIET haplotype, while a Q271E mutation occurred in a <em>Pf</em>CRT wild-type isolate. The reduced prevalence of the <em>Pf</em>CRT mutant alleles in this study compared to previous reports suggests a gradual disappearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites following reduced drug pressure. It may also be a result of fitness demand on the parasites in attempts to evolve resistance against the current first-line regimen. However, evaluating the prevalence of other chloroquine resistance markers such as <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> multidrug resistance 1 gene mutations in this population, and a more robust sample size will help to consolidate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-drug resistance in bacteria is emerging as a major global health challenge, causing substantial harm in terms of mortality, morbidity, and financial strain on healthcare systems. These bacteria are constantly acquiring new virulence factors and drug-resistance mechanisms, which highlights the critical need for innovative antimicrobial medicines and identification of new therapeutic targets, such as Sortase A (EfSrtAΔN59). EfSrtAΔN59, a transpeptidase significant for the adhesion and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), presents an attractive target for disrupting biofilm formation—a key factor in persistent infections. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of two natural flavonoids- Rutin Trihydrate and Quercetin, on EfSrtAΔN59 and biofilm formation in E. faecalis. With in vitro enzymatic assays and biofilm quantification techniques, we demonstrate that both compounds significantly attenuate EfSrtAΔN59 activity, thereby hindering bacterial biofilm formation. Rutin Trihydrate and Quercetin exhibited strong binding affinities to the EfSrtAΔN59 enzyme, as confirmed by molecular docking and MD simulation studies. This was further substantiated by a notable reduction in biofilm biomass in bacterial cultures treated with these compounds. These findings highlight the potential of Rutin Trihydrate and Quercetin as promising candidates for the development of novel anti-virulence therapies aimed at mitigating E. faecalis infections, thereby offering a compelling alternative to traditional antibiotics.
{"title":"Investigating Sortase A inhibitory potential of herbal compounds using integrated computational and biochemical approaches","authors":"Akanksha Haldiya , Himanshi Kain , Saumya Dubey , Sharvari Kulkarni Punde , Pramod Kumar P Gupta , Vijay Kumar Srivastava , Sandeep Kumar Srivastava , S.L. Kothari , Sanket Kaushik","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-drug resistance in bacteria is emerging as a major global health challenge, causing substantial harm in terms of mortality, morbidity, and financial strain on healthcare systems. These bacteria are constantly acquiring new virulence factors and drug-resistance mechanisms, which highlights the critical need for innovative antimicrobial medicines and identification of new therapeutic targets, such as Sortase A (EfSrtA<sub>ΔN59</sub>). EfSrtA<sub>ΔN59</sub>, a transpeptidase significant for the adhesion and virulence of <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (<em>E. faecalis</em>), presents an attractive target for disrupting biofilm formation—a key factor in persistent infections. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of two natural flavonoids- Rutin Trihydrate and Quercetin, on EfSrtA<sub>ΔN59</sub> and biofilm formation in <em>E. faecalis</em>. With <em>in vitro</em> enzymatic assays and biofilm quantification techniques, we demonstrate that both compounds significantly attenuate EfSrtA<sub>ΔN59</sub> activity, thereby hindering bacterial biofilm formation. Rutin Trihydrate and Quercetin exhibited strong binding affinities to the EfSrtA<sub>ΔN59</sub> enzyme, as confirmed by molecular docking and MD simulation studies. This was further substantiated by a notable reduction in biofilm biomass in bacterial cultures treated with these compounds. These findings highlight the potential of Rutin Trihydrate and Quercetin as promising candidates for the development of novel anti-virulence therapies aimed at mitigating <em>E. faecalis</em> infections, thereby offering a compelling alternative to traditional antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prognosis after brain metastasis of alveolar echinococcosis is inferior, but there is currently no effective method to predict brain metastasis.
Purpose
To explore the value of a nomogram constructed based on a CT plain scan and enhanced imaging features combined with clinical indicators in predicting brain metastasis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).
Materials and Methods
The imaging characteristics and clinical indicators of 116 patients diagnosed with HAE in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2015 to 2022 were retrospectively collected. The data were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set according to 7:3, and the difference between the two groups was analyzed. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to obtain independent predictors of brain metastasis in HAE, and a prediction model was constructed based on this and expressed in the form of a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve (CRC) were used to evaluate model performance, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical value of the predictive model.
Result
A total of 116 HAE patients were included (average age 38.07±15.09 years old, 54 males and 62 females, 81 patients (70 %) in the training set, and 35 patients (30 %) in the validation set). There was no statistically significant difference between CT plain scan and enhanced imaging features combined with clinical indicators between the training set and the validation set (p > 0.05). After statistical analysis, it was found that whether there is invasion of the inferior vena cava, whether there is invasion of the hepatic artery, and whether there is metastasis to other organs are independent predictors of brain metastasis in HAE. A prediction model was built based on these three variables. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity of the training set and validation set were 0.922 and 0.886, 0.6934 and 0.6643, 75.00 and 84.62, 94.34 and 81.82, respectively. CRC shows good consistency between the predicted probability and the actual value of the sample. DCA showed that the clinical value of the model was high.
Conclusion
The nomogram constructed based on imaging features combined with clinical indicators can effectively predict whether HAE will develop brain metastasis, which is helpful for clinicians to quickly screen out high-risk patients with HAE developing brain metastases, evaluate patient prognosis, and is more conducive to the realization of individualized and precise medical decisions.
{"title":"The value of nomogram analysis in prediction of cerebral spread of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis","authors":"Pengqi Tian, Changyou Long, Miaomiao Men, Yujie Xing, Yeang Danzeng, Xueqian Zhang, Haihua Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prognosis after brain metastasis of alveolar echinococcosis is inferior, but there is currently no effective method to predict brain metastasis.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore the value of a nomogram constructed based on a CT plain scan and enhanced imaging features combined with clinical indicators in predicting brain metastasis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The imaging characteristics and clinical indicators of 116 patients diagnosed with HAE in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2015 to 2022 were retrospectively collected. The data were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set according to 7:3, and the difference between the two groups was analyzed. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to obtain independent predictors of brain metastasis in HAE, and a prediction model was constructed based on this and expressed in the form of a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve (CRC) were used to evaluate model performance, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical value of the predictive model.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>A total of 116 HAE patients were included (average age 38.07±15.09 years old, 54 males and 62 females, 81 patients (70 %) in the training set, and 35 patients (30 %) in the validation set). There was no statistically significant difference between CT plain scan and enhanced imaging features combined with clinical indicators between the training set and the validation set (<em>p</em> > 0.05). After statistical analysis, it was found that whether there is invasion of the inferior vena cava, whether there is invasion of the hepatic artery, and whether there is metastasis to other organs are independent predictors of brain metastasis in HAE. A prediction model was built based on these three variables. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), cutoff value, sensitivity, and specificity of the training set and validation set were 0.922 and 0.886, 0.6934 and 0.6643, 75.00 and 84.62, 94.34 and 81.82, respectively. CRC shows good consistency between the predicted probability and the actual value of the sample. DCA showed that the clinical value of the model was high.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The nomogram constructed based on imaging features combined with clinical indicators can effectively predict whether HAE will develop brain metastasis, which is helpful for clinicians to quickly screen out high-risk patients with HAE developing brain metastases, evaluate patient prognosis, and is more conducive to the realization of individualized and precise medical decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107428
Tian Wang , Zhenjie Zhang , Fei Qiao , Fuchang Yu , Bo Jing , Junqiang Li , Meng Qi
Giardia duodenalis is a significant zoonotic parasite. In this study, 767 fresh fecal samples were collected randomly from six large-scale sheep farms in Southern Xinjiang, China. Initially, G. duodenalis was screened using PCR at the SSU rRNA gene. Positive samples then underwent PCR amplification at the bg, gdh, and tpi genes. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in sheep was 17.5% (134/767), with the highest prevalence observed in the 3–6 months age group at 26.8% (56/209) and the lowest in the over 12 months age group at 6.8% (14/205). Among the 134 positive samples, only Assemblage E was identified. A total of 106, 92, and 98 sequences of G. duodenalis were obtained at the gdh, tpi, and bg genes, respectively. Fourteen isolates of G. duodenalis were successfully amplified at all three genes, resulting in nine G. duodenalis multilocus genotypes (MLG) named MLG E1-MLG E14, indicating high genetic diversity. In conclusion, G. duodenalis infection in sheep from large-scale farms is common in Southern Xinjiang, China, showing geographical regional distributions and genetic diversity.
{"title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis in sheep from large-scale farms in Southern Xinjiang, China","authors":"Tian Wang , Zhenjie Zhang , Fei Qiao , Fuchang Yu , Bo Jing , Junqiang Li , Meng Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Giardia duodenalis</em> is a significant zoonotic parasite. In this study, 767 fresh fecal samples were collected randomly from six large-scale sheep farms in Southern Xinjiang, China. Initially, <em>G. duodenalis</em> was screened using PCR at the SSU rRNA gene. Positive samples then underwent PCR amplification at the <em>bg, gdh</em>, and <em>tpi</em> genes. The prevalence of <em>G. duodenalis</em> in sheep was 17.5% (134/767), with the highest prevalence observed in the 3–6 months age group at 26.8% (56/209) and the lowest in the over 12 months age group at 6.8% (14/205). Among the 134 positive samples, only Assemblage E was identified. A total of 106, 92, and 98 sequences of <em>G. duodenalis</em> were obtained at the <em>gdh, tpi</em>, and <em>bg</em> genes, respectively. Fourteen isolates of <em>G. duodenalis</em> were successfully amplified at all three genes, resulting in nine <em>G. duodenalis</em> multilocus genotypes (MLG) named MLG E1-MLG E14, indicating high genetic diversity. In conclusion, <em>G. duodenalis</em> infection in sheep from large-scale farms is common in Southern Xinjiang, China, showing geographical regional distributions and genetic diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107426
Carolina P. da Silva , Milena D.S. Silva , Hallison M. Santana , Mauro V. Paloschi , Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira , Lívia M.V. Brilhante , Larissa F. Cruz , Suzanne N. Serrath , Micaela de M.C. Eulálio , Sulamita da S. Setúbal , Adriana L. Vallochi , Neriane M. Nery , Juliana P. Zuliani
The effect of Bothrops atrox venom (BaV) on the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from mice was investigated, with a focus on selected cell markers, TAP1 expression, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during this process. The objective was to evaluate BaV's impact on dendritic cell (DC) function, as DCs are pivotal in antigen presentation and responsible for initiating the immune response mediated by naïve T cells, as well as regulating the immune system. Bone marrow cells were obtained from Swiss mice, and hematopoietic precursors were differentiated into BMDCs using GM-CSF and IL-4. On the 7th day, BaV and LPS were introduced into the culture, and the cells were analyzed 24 h later. BaV's ability to stimulate BMDC maturation was assessed through the analysis of surface marker expression. The findings demonstrated that BMDCs are highly influenced by culture environment factors, such as GM-CSF and IL-4, and are sensitive to additional stimuli like LPS and BaV. Mature DCs exhibited elevated levels of critical markers for T cell activation, such as MHC-II, CD80, and CD86, displaying specific phenotypic characteristics. However, the observed reduction in MHC-II and CD86 expression following BaV exposure suggests a substantial impact on the immunological activation capacity of these cells, potentially interfering with the adaptive immune response. Furthermore, the selective release of cytokines, such as IL-6, but not TNF-α or IL-1β, indicates differentiated modulation of inflammatory responses by DCs under various stimulation conditions.
{"title":"Bothrops atrox snake venom decreased MHC-II and CD86 expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells","authors":"Carolina P. da Silva , Milena D.S. Silva , Hallison M. Santana , Mauro V. Paloschi , Alex A. Ferreira e Ferreira , Lívia M.V. Brilhante , Larissa F. Cruz , Suzanne N. Serrath , Micaela de M.C. Eulálio , Sulamita da S. Setúbal , Adriana L. Vallochi , Neriane M. Nery , Juliana P. Zuliani","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of Bothrops atrox venom (BaV) on the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from mice was investigated, with a focus on selected cell markers, TAP1 expression, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during this process. The objective was to evaluate BaV's impact on dendritic cell (DC) function, as DCs are pivotal in antigen presentation and responsible for initiating the immune response mediated by naïve T cells, as well as regulating the immune system. Bone marrow cells were obtained from Swiss mice, and hematopoietic precursors were differentiated into BMDCs using GM-CSF and IL-4. On the 7th day, BaV and LPS were introduced into the culture, and the cells were analyzed 24 h later. BaV's ability to stimulate BMDC maturation was assessed through the analysis of surface marker expression. The findings demonstrated that BMDCs are highly influenced by culture environment factors, such as GM-CSF and IL-4, and are sensitive to additional stimuli like LPS and BaV. Mature DCs exhibited elevated levels of critical markers for T cell activation, such as MHC-II, CD80, and CD86, displaying specific phenotypic characteristics. However, the observed reduction in MHC-II and CD86 expression following BaV exposure suggests a substantial impact on the immunological activation capacity of these cells, potentially interfering with the adaptive immune response. Furthermore, the selective release of cytokines, such as IL-6, but not TNF-α or IL-1β, indicates differentiated modulation of inflammatory responses by DCs under various stimulation conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107417
John Roberts Padde , Yinghui Zhou , Yunxuan Chen , Yuxiao Zhu , Yuxuan Yang , Min Hou , Lu Chen , Zhipeng Xu , Donghui Zhang , Lin Chen , MinJun Ji
Mosquitoes, as temperature-sensitive ectothermic vectors, exhibit temperature-dependence. This study investigates Culex pipiens pallens (Cx. pallens) responses to abrupt temperature increases and their implications on mosquito physiology.
First instar larvae (24hr post hatching) and newly enclosed adults (24hr post emergence) were separately exposed to heat shock regimes of 33°C, 37°C, and 42°C for 3 days alongside a control temperature of 27°C. Results showed that mortality was triggered at 42°C within a day. Adult male mosquitoes were less tolerant to all temperatures than larvae and adult females (p < 0.05). Exposing larvae to constant temperatures for 3 days significantly decreased larvae's development time, growth rate and adult emergence (p < 0.05). Reproductive fitness was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in males emerging from larvae exposed to 37°C. Life table parameters showed significant increased mortality rate, kill power and decreased life expectancy at the embryonic stage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, heatwaves deactivated the Transient receptor protein ankyrin 1 at 37°C (p < 0.05) in larvae but not adults. Calmodium, Heat shock protein 90, and small heat shock protein expression were significantly decreased in larvae at 37°C (p < 0.05) as compared to larvae raised at 33°C and 27°C.
In conclusion, we classified the heat waves into three categories: adaptable (33°C), critical (37°C), and fatal (42°C). Prolonged exposure of Culex pallens larvae to extreme heat affects the male reproductive output. These findings may serve as an important reference for forecasting vector and pest dynamics and used to tailor mosquito prevention and control measures.
{"title":"Adaptation and Carry Over Effects of Extreme Sporadic Heat Stress in Culex Mosquitoes.","authors":"John Roberts Padde , Yinghui Zhou , Yunxuan Chen , Yuxiao Zhu , Yuxuan Yang , Min Hou , Lu Chen , Zhipeng Xu , Donghui Zhang , Lin Chen , MinJun Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquitoes, as temperature-sensitive ectothermic vectors, exhibit temperature-dependence. This study investigates <em>Culex pipiens pallens (Cx. pallens</em>) responses to abrupt temperature increases and their implications on mosquito physiology.</div><div>First instar larvae (24hr post hatching) and newly enclosed adults (24hr post emergence) were separately exposed to heat shock regimes of 33°C, 37°C, and 42°C for 3 days alongside a control temperature of 27°C. Results showed that mortality was triggered at 42°C within a day. Adult male mosquitoes were less tolerant to all temperatures than larvae and adult females (<em>p < 0.05</em>). Exposing larvae to constant temperatures for 3 days significantly decreased larvae's development time, growth rate and adult emergence (<em>p</em> < <em>0.05</em>). Reproductive fitness was significantly reduced (<em>p < 0.05</em>) in males emerging from larvae exposed to 37°C. Life table parameters showed significant increased mortality rate, kill power and decreased life expectancy at the embryonic stage (<em>p < 0.05</em>). Furthermore, heatwaves deactivated the Transient receptor protein ankyrin 1 at 37°C (<em>p</em> < <em>0.05</em>) in larvae but not adults. Calmodium, Heat shock protein 90, and small heat shock protein expression were significantly decreased in larvae at 37°C (<em>p < 0.05</em>) as compared to larvae raised at 33°C and 27°C.</div><div>In conclusion, we classified the heat waves into three categories: adaptable (33°C), critical (37°C), and fatal (42°C). Prolonged exposure of <em>Culex pallens</em> larvae to extreme heat affects the male reproductive output. These findings may serve as an important reference for forecasting vector and pest dynamics and used to tailor mosquito prevention and control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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