Acta tropica最新文献_第5页

Scorpion envenoming in Ecuador: district-level risk, updated scorpion diversity, and challenges for treatment and public health 厄瓜多尔的蝎子入侵：地区风险、蝎子多样性的更新以及治疗和公共卫生的挑战。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107942

Adolfo Borges , Leonardo De Sousa , Gulnara P Borja-Cabrera , Ariana Rivera

This study assessed scorpion envenoming risk in Ecuador at provincial and district levels between 2017 and 2021, estimated national incidence and mortality rates, and identified the likely implicated taxa. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Public Health and aggregated by province and district, with incidence and mortality rates calculated per 100,000 inhabitants using annual population estimates. District-level risk was visualized with choropleth maps, and scorpion diversity and distribution were compiled from updated national inventories. A total of 1514 scorpion stings were reported between 2017 and 2021. National incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) averaged 1.75 and 0.02. Regional incidence was highest in the Amazonian region (16.81), followed by the coastal (1.39) and Andean highlands (0.66). Hyperendemic districts (≥95th percentile of risk) included Taisha and Tiwintza (Morona Santiago), Arajuno (Pastaza), Flavio Alfaro (Manabí), and La Concordia (Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas). Mortality was highest in the Amazonian and piedmont coastal regions, with 10 deaths per region and an Amazonian rate of 0.44 per 100,000 inhabitants. These areas are inhabited by Tityus species from distinct morphological and toxinological groups, notably Tityus cf. rosenbergi in western Ecuador and Tityus cisandinus in Morona Santiago and Pastaza. Geographical variation in incidence and mortality likely reflects both the distribution of noxious taxa and population density. Despite high scorpion endemicity (79.2 %), a national lethality rate of 1.32 % that appears higher than reported in other countries where scorpionism is a public health concern, and the concentration of fatalities in children (75 % in ages 1–9), Ecuador still depends on imported scorpion antivenoms, including that prepared against Centruroides species, which show low reactivity to Tityus toxins. These findings highlight the urgent need for preclinical neutralization studies to evaluate local antivenom efficacy and to investigate regional differences in clinical outcomes, to guide future adjustments to immunotherapy based on the biogeographic distribution of medically important Tityus species.

本研究评估了2017年至2021年间厄瓜多尔省和地区蝎子的入侵风险，估计了全国发病率和死亡率，并确定了可能涉及的分类群。数据从公共卫生部获得，并按省和地区汇总，使用年度人口估计数计算每10万居民的发病率和死亡率。区级风险通过地形图可视化，蝎子的多样性和分布根据更新的国家清单汇编。2017年至2021年期间，共报告了1514起蝎子蜇伤事件。全国发病率和死亡率（每10万居民）平均为1.75和0.02。亚马逊地区发病率最高（16.81），其次是沿海地区（1.39）和安第斯高原地区（0.66）。高流行区（≥95百分位风险）包括Taisha和Tiwintza （Morona Santiago）、Arajuno （Pastaza）、Flavio Alfaro （Manabí）和La Concordia （Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas）。亚马逊和山前沿海地区的死亡率最高，每个地区有10人死亡，亚马逊地区的死亡率为每10万居民0.44人。这些地区居住着来自不同形态和毒理学类群的Tityus物种，特别是厄瓜多尔西部的Tityus cfr . rosenbergi和Morona Santiago和Pastaza的Tityus cisandinus。发病率和死亡率的地理差异可能反映了有害分类群的分布和种群密度。尽管蝎子的流行率很高（79.2%），全国致死率为1.32%，似乎高于蝎子病已成为公共卫生问题的其他国家的报告，而且死亡主要发生在儿童中（1-9岁的儿童占75%），厄瓜多尔仍然依赖进口蝎子抗蛇毒血清，包括针对对Tityus毒素反应性较低的Centruroides物种制备的抗蛇毒血清。这些发现突出了临床前中和研究的迫切需要，以评估局部抗蛇毒血清疗效，并调查临床结果的区域差异，指导未来根据医学上重要的Tityus物种的生物地理分布调整免疫治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of resistance of Trypanosoma cruzi to benznidazole and nifurtimox: Molecular implications and multifaceted impact 克氏锥虫对苯并硝唑和硝呋替莫的抗性机制：分子意义和多方面影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107940

Paulina Ochoa-Martínez , Jaime López-Domínguez , Aracely López-Monteon , Rebeca Georgina Manning-Cela , Angel Ramos-Ligonio

Chagas disease, caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a parasitic zoonosis classified as a neglected tropical disease. With an estimated global prevalence of 6 to 7 million individuals, the disease represents a significant global public health concern due to migration patterns that have expanded its epidemiological profile beyond the endemic regions of Latin America. Traditional etiological treatment relies on the nitroderivatives benznidazole and nifurtimox. While these drugs are highly effective in the acute phase, their ability to halt or significantly limit the progression of the organic damage established in the chronic phase is limited. Furthermore, their therapeutic effectiveness is challenged by variability in parasite susceptibility and the potential for resistance to emerge, a complex and multifactorial phenomenon.

This systematic review synthesizes the molecular mechanisms of resistance and differential susceptibility in T. cruzi. The evidence highlights the involvement of several factors, including the modulation of key enzymes required for pro-drug activation, the overexpression of ABC transporters and other related transporters, and the adaptation of the antioxidant defense system. These collectively represent a multifactorial mechanism that undermines infection control. The plasticity and genetic heterogeneity of the T. cruzi Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) underpin the observed variability in this resistance response.

Therapeutic failure transforms patients into persistent reservoirs, which perpetuates the chain of parasite transmission. The concern that resistance established in laboratory models may translate into clinical settings, coupled with the resulting increase in morbidity and mortality and the socioeconomic burden, underscores the urgent need to develop new drugs designed to evade these mechanisms of reduced susceptibility.

恰加斯病是由血鞭毛原虫克氏锥虫引起的一种寄生虫性人畜共患病，被列为被忽视的热带病。据估计，该疾病的全球流行率为600万至700万人，由于移徙模式使其流行病学概况扩大到拉丁美洲流行区域以外，因此引起了重大的全球公共卫生关注。传统的病因治疗依赖于硝基衍生物苯并硝唑和硝呋替莫。虽然这些药物在急性期非常有效，但它们阻止或显著限制慢性阶段建立的有机损伤进展的能力有限。此外，它们的治疗效果受到寄生虫易感性的变异性和出现耐药性的可能性的挑战，这是一个复杂的多因素现象。本文综述了克氏锥虫的耐药和差异敏感性的分子机制。证据强调了几个因素的参与，包括前药物激活所需的关键酶的调节，ABC转运蛋白和其他相关转运蛋白的过度表达，以及抗氧化防御系统的适应。这些因素共同构成了一种破坏感染控制的多因素机制。克氏锥虫离散型单位（dtu）的可塑性和遗传异质性支撑了这种抗性反应的可变性。治疗失败将患者转变为持久的宿主，从而使寄生虫传播链永久化。对实验室模型中建立的耐药性可能转化为临床环境的担忧，加上由此导致的发病率和死亡率的增加以及社会经济负担，强调了开发旨在逃避这些降低易感性机制的新药的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Old World screwworm myiasis: first report of Chrysomya bezziana in Chinese Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) 旧大陆螺旋蝇蝇病：中国乳糜泻（Elaphurus davidianus）贝氏金蝇首次报道

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107938

Xinyuan Wang , Zhenyu Zhong , Yunfang Shan , Qingyun Guo , Zhibin Cheng , Xinglong Song , Congshan Yang , Jiade Bai , Qingxun Zhang

Myiasis is the infestation of humans and other warm-blooded animals with dipterous larvae. In the current study, a total of 40 maggots were collected from the cutaneous lesions of the Chinese Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) in China. Based on morphological identification, the third-instar larvae were classified as Chrysomya bezziana. To accurately identify this species, genomic DNA from the larvae was analyzed using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The findings indicated that the examined larvae were unequivocally consistent with the Old World screwworm fly, C. bezziana. This study firstly documented the cases of cutaneous myiasis caused by C. bezziana in Chinese Milu, and provided effective strategies for the prevention and control of myiasis.

蝇蛆病是一种寄生在人类和其他温血动物身上的双翅幼虫病。本研究共采集了40只中华乳鼠皮损处的蛆。经形态鉴定，三龄幼虫属黄颡鱼（Chrysomya bezziana）。为了准确鉴定该物种，利用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I （COI）基因分析了幼虫的基因组DNA。研究结果表明，检查的幼虫与旧大陆螺旋蝇，C. bezziana明确一致。本研究首次记录了牛毛锥虫引起的中国牛毛锥虫皮肤蝇蛆病病例，为预防和控制牛毛锥虫提供了有效的策略。

引用次数: 0

Characterisation of erythrocyte binding activity of Plasmodium cynomolgi duffy binding protein haplotypes from Macaca fascicularis in Peninsular Malaysia 马来西亚半岛麻花猕猴食蟹疟原虫Duffy结合蛋白单倍型红细胞结合活性的研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107939

Eira Nurfarisha Mohd Latif , Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad Adlan , Yee-Ling Lau , Fei-Wen Cheong

Human infections with the zoonotic Plasmodium cynomolgi are rising across Southeast Asia. This parasite employs two Duffy binding proteins (DBPs), PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II), which interact with the Duffy antigen receptor chemokine (DARC) for erythrocyte invasion. Previous studies on P. cynomolgi DBPs have reported two distinct haplotype groups (groups 1 and 2) in Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, the differential erythrocyte binding activity of PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II) haplotypes was investigated. Four isolates were selected for each DBP: group 1 consisted of a recent field isolate and the old reference isolate Strain B, whereas group 2 included a recent field isolate and the old reference isolate Berok. All isolates were cloned into the pDisplay-AcGFP1 vector and transfected into COS-7 cells. The transfected cells were incubated with human erythrocytes/reticulocytes and macaque erythrocytes at 1 % haematocrit. The binding activity was assessed by counting the number of rosette formations. Result showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in binding between group 1 isolates (recent vs old) for PcDBP1(II) with macaque erythrocytes, while no differences in binding were seen with PcDBP2(II) isolates. Notably, the recent PcDBP1(II) isolate exhibited significantly higher binding activity compared to the old isolate, indicating that the protein may have evolved over time to enhance parasite invasion into macaque erythrocytes. However, both PcDBPs showed no binding with human erythrocytes or reticulocytes. This study provides the first evidence that variations in PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II) alone do not explain the observed differences in binding activity, suggesting that additional parasite–host interactions may be required for human erythrocyte or reticulocyte invasion.

东南亚人畜共患的食蟹疟原虫的人类感染正在上升。这种寄生虫使用两种Duffy结合蛋白PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2(II)，它们与Duffy抗原受体趋化因子（DARC）相互作用以入侵红细胞。先前对cynomolgi P. dbp的研究报道了马来西亚半岛两个不同的单倍型群体（群体1和群体2）。本研究研究了PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2（II）单倍型红细胞结合活性的差异。每个DBP选择4株分离株：第1组由一株最近的野外分离株和旧参考分离株B组成，第2组由一株最近的野外分离株和旧参考分离株Berok组成。将所有分离株克隆到pDisplay-AcGFP1载体上，转染到COS-7细胞中。转染后的细胞与人红细胞/网织红细胞和猕猴红细胞在1%的红细胞压积下孵育。结合活性是通过计算玫瑰结形成的数量来评估的。结果显示1组PcDBP1（II）与猕猴红细胞的结合有显著差异（P < 0.05），而PcDBP2（II）与猕猴红细胞的结合无显著差异。值得注意的是，与旧的分离物相比，最新的PcDBP1（II）分离物表现出明显更高的结合活性，这表明该蛋白可能随着时间的推移而进化，以增强寄生虫对猕猴红细胞的入侵。然而，两种PcDBPs均未与人红细胞或网织红细胞结合。该研究首次证明，单独的PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2（II）的变异并不能解释观察到的结合活性差异，这表明人类红细胞或网织红细胞入侵可能需要额外的寄生虫-宿主相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Performance comparison of rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for Malaria detection in high-transmission area, Keerom Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia 印度尼西亚巴布亚省Keerom县疟疾高传播区快速诊断检测、显微镜和聚合酶链反应的性能比较

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107935

Muhammad Fajri Rohkmad , Semuel Sandy , Mirna Widiyanti , Setyo Adiningsih , Agung Puja Kesuma , Yustinus Maladan , Yusnita Mirna Anggraeni , Tri Ramadhani , Mara Ipa , Muhammad Choirul Hidajat , Hanna Kawulur , Chandra Mukti Kurniawan , Adrianus Don Kopo , NLP Indi Dharmayanti , Triwibowo Ambar Garjito , Antonius Oktavian , Harimat Hendarwan

This study evaluates the performance of three diagnostic methods for malaria detection, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), microscopy, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), in the high-transmission area of Keerom Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia. With malaria posing a significant health threat, particularly in Indonesia, accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and disease management. The study involved 234 participants suspected of having uncomplicated malaria, with blood samples analyzed using all three diagnostic methods. Results indicated that PCR identified 42.3 % of malaria cases, while microscopy and RDTs detected 26.5 % and 22.6 %, respectively. Notably, PCR revealed a substantial number of cases missed by microscopy and RDTs, highlighting the limitations of these methods in low-parasitemia situations. The sensitivity and specificity of microscopy and RDTs were assessed against PCR as the reference standard, revealing significant discrepancies in diagnostic accuracy. The findings underscore the need for enhanced diagnostic strategies to improve case detection and support elimination efforts in Keerom regency, Papua, Indonesia

本研究在印度尼西亚巴布亚省Keerom县的高传播地区评估了三种疟疾检测诊断方法的性能，即快速诊断试验（RDTs）、显微镜和聚合酶链反应（PCR）。由于疟疾对健康构成重大威胁，特别是在印度尼西亚，准确和及时的诊断对于有效治疗和疾病管理至关重要。这项研究涉及234名被怀疑患有非复杂性疟疾的参与者，他们的血液样本使用了所有三种诊断方法进行分析。结果表明，PCR检出42.3%的疟疾病例，显微镜和RDTs检出率分别为26.5%和22.6%。值得注意的是，PCR发现了大量显微镜和rdt未发现的病例，突出了这些方法在低寄生虫血症情况下的局限性。显微镜和rdt的敏感性和特异性与PCR作为参考标准进行了评估，发现诊断准确性存在显着差异。调查结果强调需要加强诊断战略，以改善印度尼西亚巴布亚Keerom县的病例发现和支持消除工作。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological determinants and indicator-based analysis of Aedes albopictus expansion in a Central European metropolis: implications for urban sustainability 中欧大都市白纹伊蚊扩张的生态决定因素和指标分析：对城市可持续性的影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107937

Attila J Trájer

The invasive bridge vector mosquito Aedes albopictus has been increasingly detected across Europe, posing potential risks for arboviral disease transmission. Urban-scale assessments of its expansion remain scarce in Central Europe. The establishment and spread of Ae. albopictus in Budapest were analysed between 2018 and 2025 using spatio-temporal mapping, seasonal observations, and indicator-based ecological modelling, complemented by ensemble machine learning approaches. Occurrence patterns followed a logistic growth trajectory (R² = 0.995), with colonization rising from sparse foci in 2020 to over 85% of districts by 2025. Seasonal activity extended from late April to mid-October, peaking in early September. Ensemble machine learning models consistently achieved high predictive performance, with key predictors included urban fabric, temperature, topography, and precipitation-related indices (bio18; Köppen Aridity Index) while other factors contributed variably. Ecological associations were strongest with urbanized land cover (discontinuous and continuous urban fabric, industrial areas), specific soil types such as fluvent entisols, and humid temperate climates (Köppen Cfa). K-means clustering and decision tree analyses distinguished seven ecological clusters across Budapest, ranging from warm, densely built urban cores to cooler, shaded peri‑urban and forested zones. Conceptually linking ecological clusters to the Sustainable Development Goals highlighted spatially heterogeneous intersections with health (SDG 3), urban sustainability (SDG 11), water management (SDG 6), climate action (SDG 13), and biodiversity conservation (SDG 15). These findings provide a baseline for predicting urban vector expansion, informing early warning systems, and guiding public health interventions and vector control strategies in European metropolitan regions.

侵袭性桥梁媒介白纹伊蚊在欧洲越来越多地被发现，构成了虫媒病毒疾病传播的潜在风险。在中欧，对其扩张的城市规模评估仍然很少。Ae的建立和传播。利用时空制图、季节观测和基于指标的生态模型，并辅以集成机器学习方法，对2018年至2025年布达佩斯白纹伊蚊进行了分析。发生模式遵循logistic增长轨迹（R² = 0.995），种群分布从2020年的稀疏集中地增加到2025年的85%以上。季节性活动从4月下旬持续到10月中旬，在9月初达到高峰。集成机器学习模型始终具有较高的预测性能，其关键预测指标包括城市结构、温度、地形和降水相关指数（bio18； Köppen干旱指数），而其他因素的贡献各不相同。城市化土地覆盖（不连续和连续的城市结构、工业区）、特定土壤类型（如流土）和湿润温带气候（Köppen Cfa）的生态关联最强。K-means聚类和决策树分析区分了布达佩斯的7个生态集群，从温暖、密集的城市核心到凉爽、阴凉的城市周边和森林地区。将生态集群与可持续发展目标在概念上联系起来，强调了与健康（可持续发展目标3）、城市可持续性（可持续发展目标11）、水管理（可持续发展目标6）、气候行动（可持续发展目标13）和生物多样性保护（可持续发展目标15）在空间上的异质交叉点。这些发现为预测城市病媒扩展、告知预警系统以及指导欧洲大都市地区的公共卫生干预和病媒控制战略提供了基线。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal genomic diversity of Dengue virus in South India from 2019 to 2024 2019 - 2024年印度南部登革热病毒的时间基因组多样性

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107934

Sudarson Sundarrajan , Santharam S Katta , Sridhar KN , Suraj Jagtap , Nagaraj C

Dengue is an endemic disease in over 100 countries, causing an estimated 500,000 hospitalizations each year. The global mortality rate for severe dengue infections is around 2.5 %. India is a major dengue hotspot, accounting for almost a third of all global cases. Despite this significant burden, there are limited studies on the circulating serotypes and genetic lineages of the dengue virus (DENV) within the country. This retrospective study investigates the distribution and genetic diversity of circulating dengue virus (DENV) variants based on clinical samples collected from healthcare centres between 2019 and 2024 in South India. A total of 1015 samples from dengue patients tested positive for at least one of the dengue NS1, IgM, or IgG markers. Among these, 210 NS1-positive samples underwent DENV serotyping via RT-PCR, and 84 of those were further characterized through Sanger sequencing of the C-prM gene to determine genotype and lineage associations. The analysis revealed a decline in dengue infection rates with increasing age, supported by a corresponding rise in IgG seropositivity. Notably, individuals under 20 years of age exhibited a significantly higher frequency of severe disease compared to older age groups. All four DENV serotypes, DENV-1 through DENV-4, were detected across the study period, with a shift in dominant serotype approximately every 2–3 years. DENV-2 and DENV-3 emerged as the most prevalent serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis identified the following genotype-lineage associations: DENV-1 as Genotype III (Lineage: 1III_A), DENV-2 as Genotype II (Cosmopolitan) (Lineages: 2II_A and 2II_F), DENV-3 as Genotype III (Lineage: 3III_B), and DENV-4 as Genotype I (Lineage: 4I_B). These findings underscore the dynamic nature of dengue virus transmission and genetic evolution in the region, emphasizing the importance of age-specific surveillance and targeted prevention strategies. This study contributes valuable insights into local DENV circulation patterns, which are critical for informing diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine development efforts.

登革热是100多个国家的一种地方病，每年估计造成50万人住院。严重登革热感染的全球死亡率约为2.5%。印度是登革热的主要热点，几乎占全球所有病例的三分之一。尽管有这一重大负担，但对该国登革热病毒（DENV）的流行血清型和遗传谱系的研究有限。这项回顾性研究基于2019年至2024年间从印度南部医疗中心收集的临床样本，调查了流行登革热病毒（DENV）变体的分布和遗传多样性。来自登革热患者的总共1015个样本在登革热NS1、IgM或IgG标记物中至少一种检测呈阳性。其中，210份ns1阳性样本通过RT-PCR进行DENV血清分型，其中84份通过C-prM基因的Sanger测序进一步表征，以确定基因型和谱系相关性。分析显示，随着年龄的增长，登革热感染率下降，IgG血清阳性相应上升。值得注意的是，与年龄较大的群体相比，20岁以下的个体患严重疾病的频率明显更高。在整个研究期间检测到所有四种DENV血清型，DENV-1至DENV-4，大约每2-3年发生一次优势血清型的转变。DENV-2和DENV-3是最普遍的血清型。系统发育分析发现：DENV-1为基因型III（谱系：1ii_a）， DENV-2为基因型II（世界性）（谱系：2II_A和2II_F）， DENV-3为基因型III（谱系：3ii_b）， DENV-4为基因型I（谱系：4I_B）。这些发现强调了该地区登革热病毒传播和遗传进化的动态性质，强调了针对特定年龄的监测和有针对性的预防战略的重要性。该研究为DENV的当地传播模式提供了有价值的见解，这对于告知诊断、治疗和疫苗开发工作至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Climate extremes and the dynamic reshaping of snail habitat: implications for the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of schistosomal vulnerability in Brazil 极端气候和蜗牛栖息地的动态重塑：对巴西血吸虫易感性时空异质性的影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107933

Amirreza Meydani , Shuai Wang , Robert Bergquist , Flavio Lopes Ribeiro , Delphis F. Levia

Extreme climate variables are increasingly important for understanding the distribution of Biomphalaria snails, the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. While many studies focus on long-term averages, our approach emphasizes the role of climatic extreme events and their seasonal timing in shaping habitat persistence. We applied spatially explicit Random Forest (RF) species distribution models with spatial cross-validation and bootstrap aggregation to produce robust and transferable predictions of snail habitat suitability, and then ranked the influence of extreme climate variables using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values and partial dependence plots. The models performed well, with average area under curve (AUC) values of 0.75 across species and partial AUC ratios greater than one, confirming the robustness of the predictions. Precipitation seasonality, multi-month drought indices, surface absorbed solar radiation extremes, and diurnal air temperature range were the highest-ranked drivers, though their influence was not uniform across snail species. Biomphalaria glabrata was most responsive to seasonal recharge, while B. straminea showed resilience to variability and often persisted in man-made habitats. Biomphalaria tenagophila was more constrained by drought and radiation stress. Spatial comparisons between 1995 and 2020 indicated expansions and contractions in various states, with new hotspots emerging in southeastern and central Brazil, while habitat suitability declined in drought-prone regions, such as in the State of Pernambuco. These results demonstrate that climate extreme events, in addition to long-term baseline changes, drive the spatially heterogeneous redistribution of Biomphalaria habitats. Also, our findings highlight the need for species-specific monitoring, integration of water infrastructure management, and forward-looking surveillance strategies that address both climate variability and landscapes modified by humans.

极端气候变量对了解曼氏血吸虫中间寄主生物螺的分布越来越重要。虽然许多研究侧重于长期平均值，但我们的方法强调气候极端事件及其季节时间在塑造栖息地持久性中的作用。采用空间显式随机森林（RF）物种分布模型，结合空间交叉验证和自举聚集，对蜗牛栖息地适宜性进行鲁棒性预测，并利用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）值和部分相关图对极端气候变量的影响进行排序。各物种的平均曲线下面积（AUC）值为0.75，部分AUC比值大于1，证实了模型的稳健性。降水季节性、多月干旱指数、地表吸收太阳辐射极值和日气温变化是影响螺类生长的主要因素，但对不同螺种的影响并不均匀。白僵菌对季节补给的响应最大，而白僵菌对变化的适应能力最强，并在人工生境中持续存在。B. tenagophila更受干旱和辐射胁迫的约束。1995年至2020年的空间比较表明，巴西各州的栖息地面积出现了扩张和收缩，巴西东南部和中部出现了新的热点地区，而伯南布哥州等干旱易发地区的栖息地适宜性则有所下降。这些结果表明，极端气候事件除了长期基线变化外，还驱动了Biomphalaria生境的空间异质性再分布。此外，我们的研究结果还强调了对特定物种进行监测、整合水基础设施管理和前瞻性监测战略的必要性，这些战略既要解决气候变化问题，也要解决人类改变的景观问题。

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引用次数: 0

Taxonomy and histopathology of Myxobolus mirandensis n. sp. parasite of the gills of Salminus brasiliensis from the Brazilian Pantanal wetland 巴西潘塔纳尔湿地巴西咸鱼鳃寄生米兰氏粘虫的分类与组织病理学。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107931

Caroline M. Meira , Anna V. Serafim , Edson A. Adriano , Antonio A.M. Maia

Myxozoa are a highly diverse group of cnidarian parasites, with approximately 3070 described species. This study describes a new species, Myxobolus mirandensis n. sp., based on morphological, molecular, and histopathological analyses. The parasite was found in Salminus brasiliensis (dourado), one of the largest and most economically and recreationally important freshwater fish species in South America. Specimens of S. brasiliensis were collected from the Miranda River in the Brazilian Pantanal, with a prevalence of the infection of 63.6 % (7/11). White and elongated plasmodia were observed in the gill filaments. Pear-shaped myxospores measured 10.1 ± 0.3 µm in length, 6.6 ± 0.3 µm in width, and 5.1 ± 0.1 µm in thickness. Nematocysts were elongated and occupied more than half of the spore body, measuring 4.9 ± 0.3 µm in length and 1.9 ± 0.2 µm in width. Histopathological analysis revealed plasmodia developing in the epithelial tissue at the distal ends of the gill filaments, resulting in compression of adjacent tissues and structures. A thin connective tissue capsule surrounded the plasmodia, and numerous granulocytic cells were observed in the tissue adjacent to the plasmodia. Sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) yielded a 1954 bp fragment. Phylogenetic analysis showed M. mirandensis grouping with Myxobolus oliveirai and Myxobolus filamentum, both reported in Bryconidae hosts. This represents the seventh record of a myxozoan infecting S. brasiliensis.

黏液虫是一种高度多样化的刺胞寄生虫，大约有3070种已描述的物种。本文根据形态、分子和组织病理学分析，描述了一个新种——米兰粘虫（Myxobolus mirandensis n.sp .）。这种寄生虫是在巴西盐（Salminus brasiliensis, dourado）中发现的，巴西盐是南美洲最大、最具经济和娱乐价值的淡水鱼之一。在巴西潘塔纳尔河米兰达河采集到巴西棘球蚴标本，感染率为63.6%（7/11）。鳃丝内可见白色、细长的疟原虫。梨形黏液孢子长10.1±0.3µm，宽6.6±0.3µm，厚5.1±0.1µm。线虫囊呈细长状，占孢子体的一半以上，长4.9±0.3µm，宽1.9±0.2µm。组织病理学分析显示，疟原虫在鳃丝远端上皮组织中发育，导致邻近组织和结构受压。一层薄薄的结缔组织包膜包裹着疟原虫，在疟原虫附近的组织中可见大量粒细胞。小亚基核糖体DNA （SSU rDNA）测序得到一个1,954 bp的片段。系统发育分析表明，M. mirandensis与brycondae寄主中报道的Myxobolus oliveirai和Myxobolus filamum属同一类群。这是巴西葡萄球菌感染黏液虫的第七次记录。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus 克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒的流行病学。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107917

Neha Kaushal , Sahil Jain , Dimple Davray , Albert Rizvanov , Ming-Hsien Chiang , Olesia Ohlopkova , Svetlana Khaiboullina , Ze Chen , Manoj Baranwal

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is endemic in >30 countries across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. CCHFV causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a disease characterized by bleeding and haemoptysis. Since the first diagnosis in 1944, 10,000–15,000 CCHF cases are reported worldwide annually. Around three billion people are at risk of CCHFV infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced CCHFV as a priority pathogen in December 2015 due to its widespread and significant healthcare threat. In this review, we track the outbreaks, discuss their origin, and analyze the geographical spread of the CCHFV. We will also discuss reservoirs, the modes of transmission, and the factors influencing CCHFV infection. Preventive measures will be highlighted with emphasis on the potential of artificial intelligence in outbreak prediction and disease surveillance.

克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）在亚洲、欧洲、中东和非洲的30多个国家流行。克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）是一种以出血和咯血为特征的疾病。自1944年首次诊断以来，全世界每年报告1万至1.5万例CCHF病例。约有30亿人面临感染CCHFV的风险。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）于2015年12月宣布CCHFV为优先病原体，因为它具有广泛和重大的卫生威胁。在这篇综述中，我们追踪了疫情，讨论了它们的起源，并分析了CCHFV的地理传播。我们还将讨论宿主、传播方式和影响CCHFV感染的因素。将强调预防措施，重点是人工智能在疫情预测和疾病监测方面的潜力。

引用次数: 0