Acta tropica最新文献_第5页

The association of Blastocystis sp. ST3 with gram negative bacteria is altered by short-term purification strategies Blastocystis sp. ST3与革兰氏阴性菌的关联被短期纯化策略所改变。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107990

Sheivanya Gayatrri Kuppusamy , Suresh Kumar Govind , Chandramathi Samudi Raju , Freddy Franklin , Christina Parvinder Kaur , Arutchelvan Rajamanikam

Blastocystis sp. is a gut protozoan parasite that is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. Over time, it has garnered controversial findings on having a beneficial or harmful role in the gut microbiota. To date, studies on the interaction between Blastocystis sp. and bacteria remain limited due to challenges in establishing axenic Blastocystis sp. cultures. Although axenization is imperative for Blastocystis sp.-bacteria interaction, the process is time-consuming. This study evaluates alternative approaches to study Blastocystis sp.-bacteria associations when axenization is unfeasible in a limited timeframe. Blastocystis sp. cells were purified using mechanical (Lymphopure-density gradient centrifugation) and chemical (antibiotic cocktail treatment) purification methods and subsequently assessed by establishing a growth profile of purified Blastocystis sp. cells co-cultured with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at varying concentrations. Our results demonstrated that both purification methods successfully reduced bacterial load. However, mechanical purification was able to reduce the bacterial load to a greater extent across both isolates compared to chemical purification. Growth of Blastocystis sp. in co-cultures varied according to the bacterial species and their respective concentrations. The symptomatic Blastocystis sp. isolate generally peaked at lower bacterial concentrations compared to the asymptomatic Blastocystis sp. isolate, implicating an isolate-specific association with bacteria. This observation is more apparent in mechanically purified co-cultures. Our findings suggest that mechanical purification can be a feasible time-saving alternative to axenization. Our preliminary data hypothesizes that Blastocystis sp.-bacteria association is influenced by the status of the protozoan isolate, bacterial concentration, and purification methods.

囊虫是一种与胃肠道症状相关的肠道原生动物寄生虫。随着时间的推移，它已经获得了有争议的发现，对肠道微生物群有有益或有害的作用。迄今为止，由于建立无菌囊虫培养物的挑战，囊虫与细菌之间相互作用的研究仍然有限。尽管无菌化是囊胚与细菌相互作用的必要条件，但这一过程非常耗时。本研究评估了在有限时间内不可行的情况下研究囊胚孢子虫与细菌关联的替代方法。采用机械（淋巴-密度梯度离心）和化学（抗生素鸡尾酒处理）纯化囊虫sp.细胞，随后通过建立纯化囊虫sp.细胞与大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌在不同浓度下共培养的生长谱来评估。我们的结果表明，两种纯化方法都成功地减少了细菌负荷。然而，与化学净化相比，机械净化能够在更大程度上减少两种分离株的细菌负荷。囊虫在共培养中的生长情况根据细菌种类及其各自的浓度而变化。与无症状囊胚分离菌相比，有症状囊胚分离菌通常在较低的细菌浓度下达到峰值，这意味着与细菌的分离特异性相关。这种观察在机械纯化的共培养物中更为明显。我们的研究结果表明，机械净化是一种可行的节省时间的替代方法。我们的初步数据假设囊虫sp.与细菌的关联受原生动物分离状态、细菌浓度和纯化方法的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Improving Leishmania isolation in field conditions: Efficacy of caspofungin against yeasts contamination 提高利什曼原虫田间分离效果：caspofungin对酵母污染的防治效果[j]。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107985

Nalia Mekarnia , Pénélope Gillard , Benjamin Aubry , Antoine Huguenin , Philippe M. Loiseau , Jérôme Depaquit

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a neglected disease prevalent in 88 countries, is commonly caused by Leishmania (L.) major in the Old World, posing significant public health concerns. Isolation from sand flies or infected mammals and in vitro cultivation of Leishmania parasites are critical for epidemiological studies, but these cultures are often compromised by bacterial and fungal contamination, especially when outsourced from vector digestive tracts. While the Leishmania parasite’s natural resistance to antibiotics simplifies bacterial control, most antifungals also inhibit the parasites growth, complicating efforts to manage fungal contamination. This study aimed to identify antifungal agents that could protect Leishmania cultures from yeast contamination with minimal impact on parasite growth. Five antifungal drugs: griseofulvin (GRF), caspofungin diacetate (CSF), 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), po(ly)vidone-iodine (PVI), and undecylenic acid (UCA) were assessed in vitro for their effects on promastigote forms of L. major. The IC₅₀ values indicated strong antileishmanial activity for 5-FC, GRF, UCA, and PVI (<13 µM), whereas CSF exhibited higher IC₅₀ value (17 µM), suggesting relatively lower toxicity to the parasites. Under continuous CSF exposure, L. major promastigotes demonstrated substantial survival, with only a modest reduction in maximum parasite growth curves (peak of 2.65 × 10⁶ parasites/mL) compared to untreated controls (4.31 × 10⁶ parasites/mL maximum growth). These findings suggest that caspofungin diacetate could be used in the field to decontaminate Leishmania cultures from yeasts without significant parasite loss, facilitating L. major isolation and epidemiological investigations in endemic regions.

皮肤利什曼病（CL）是一种被忽视的疾病，在88个国家流行，通常由旧大陆的主要利什曼原虫（L.）引起，引起重大公共卫生问题。从沙蝇或受感染的哺乳动物中分离和利什曼原虫的体外培养对流行病学研究至关重要，但这些培养往往受到细菌和真菌污染的损害，特别是从病媒消化道外包时。虽然利什曼原虫对抗生素的天然抗性简化了细菌控制，但大多数抗真菌药物也抑制寄生虫的生长，使控制真菌污染的努力复杂化。本研究旨在鉴定能够保护利什曼原虫培养物免受酵母污染而对寄生虫生长影响最小的抗真菌药物。研究了五种抗真菌药物灰黄霉素（GRF）、caspofungin diacetate （CSF）、5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）、磷酸维酮碘（PVI）和十一烯酸（UCA）对promastigote型L. major的体外作用。IC50值显示对5-FC、GRF、UCA和PVI具有较强的抗利什曼活性（50值（17µM）），表明对寄生虫的毒性相对较低。在持续接触脑脊液的情况下，promastigotes L.表现出可观的存活率，最大寄生虫生长曲线（峰值为2.65 × 10⁶寄生虫/mL）与未经处理的对照（4.31 × 10⁶寄生虫/mL最大生长）相比，只有适度的减少。这些结果表明，caspofungin diacetate可以在现场用于净化酵母中的利什曼原虫培养物，而不会造成明显的寄生虫损失，从而促进了利什曼原虫在流行地区的分离和流行病学调查。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an RT-PCR assay for American Phlebotomine-transmitted Bunyaviricetes and isolation of Pacuvirus (Peribunyaviridae) in dogs with canine visceral Leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 建立美洲白蛉传播的布尼亚病毒RT-PCR检测方法，并从巴西里约热内卢犬内脏利什曼病犬中分离出帕库病毒（环布尼亚病毒科）。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107995

Daniel Marcos J. Agostinho , José Vitorino dos Santos , Mariana Boité , Elisa Cupolillo , Matheus Nobrega Luques , Clarissa R. Damaso , Ulisses Gazos Lopes

Sand fly vectors harbor and transmit Leishmania parasites and other pathogens, including arboviruses, to vertebrate hosts. The geographical distribution of phleboviruses transmitted by sand flies in areas affected by leishmaniasis has prompted research into coinfection in vectors and in Leishmania reservoirs in Europe and Africa. Despite the widespread occurrence of canine visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil and the identification of several viruses carried by sand flies, the issue of coinfection remains unclear. We developed an RT-PCR-based assay to detect segmented (−) RNA arboviruses from the families Phenuiviridae and Peribunyaviridae in the Americas. This assay was based on a phylogenetic analysis of the genomes of 29 American species within these families. We processed serum and bone marrow samples from 25 dogs with confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil. Samples from two of the dogs were amplified using a set of primers tailored to the predicted amplicon size. DNA sequencing analysis revealed a high identity to members of the Peribunyaviridae family, specifically within the genus Pacuvirus. We successfully cultivated the virus from one of the samples and sequenced its genome, confirming the identification of a virus belonging to the species Pacuvirus pacuiense or a closely related variant. The implications of our results are discussed.

沙蝇媒介携带利什曼原虫寄生虫和其他病原体，包括虫媒病毒，并将其传播给脊椎动物宿主。在受利什曼病影响的地区，沙蝇传播的白蛉病毒的地理分布促使人们对欧洲和非洲的媒介和利什曼病库的共同感染进行研究。尽管犬内脏利什曼病在巴西广泛发生，并且发现了几种由沙蝇携带的病毒，但合并感染的问题仍不清楚。我们开发了一种基于rt - pcr的检测方法，用于检测美洲Phenuiviridae和peribunyavirridae的节段（-）RNA虫媒病毒。该分析是基于对这些科内29个美洲物种基因组的系统发育分析。我们处理了巴西里约热内卢市25只内脏利什曼病确诊犬的血清和骨髓样本。其中两只狗的样本使用一组根据预测扩增子大小定制的引物进行扩增。DNA测序分析显示，该病毒与环布尼亚病毒科成员具有高度的同一性，特别是在帕库病毒属中。我们成功地从其中一个样本中培养了该病毒，并对其基因组进行了测序，确认了该病毒属于帕库病毒或其密切相关的变体。讨论了我们的研究结果的含义。

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引用次数: 0

Dispersion of Nyssomyia whitmani in the endemic rural area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Iguazú, province of Misiones, Argentina 阿根廷米西奥内斯省Iguazú农村皮肤利什曼病流行区惠特马尼虫的传播。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108023

Ana Denise Fuenzalida , Luciana Mabel Diaz Briz , Sofia Lorian Moya , Giselle Alejandra Rodríguez , Oscar Daniel Salomón , Maria Gabriela Quintana

We analyzed the dispersal capacity of Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho 1939), one of the main species involved in the transmission of the etiological agent of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), in the Paranaense-Atlantic region of Argentina. The transmission of CL is influenced by ecological, climatic and social factors, and phlebotomine sand flies populations are affected by habitat modifications, such as deforestation, which favors contact between humans and vectors. The study focused on determining the dispersal distance of Ny. whitmani through mark-release-recapture experiments, in which adult sandflies were captured, marked with fluorescent powders, and released either at the same capture site or at predefined nearby sites on the same night of capture.

Over 66,000 phlebotomine specimens were captured, of which 14,920 were used in the experiment. Recaptures indicated that females of Ny. whitmani were recaptured more frequently and at greater distances than males, suggesting a tendency to disperse from release sites to nearby areas with food sources, such as animal pens.

The results support the hypothesis of a sylvatic-peridomestic transmission cycle, with a focal distribution of vector populations, especially in areas near vegetation and blood sources. These findings are key to designing control strategies, such as physical barriers between humans and phlebotomine sand flies, and improving preventive measures in CL endemic areas.

我们分析了参与皮肤利什曼病（CL）病原传播的主要物种之一的Nyssomyia whitmani （Antunes & Coutinho 1939）在阿根廷巴拉南-大西洋地区的传播能力。CL的传播受生态、气候和社会因素的影响，白蛉种群受栖息地改变（如森林砍伐）的影响，这有利于人与媒介之间的接触。研究的重点是确定Ny的扩散距离。Whitmani通过标记-释放-再捕获实验，在该实验中，捕获成年白蛉，用荧光粉标记，并在捕获当晚在同一捕获地点或预定的附近地点释放。捕获了超过66,000个白蛉标本，其中14920个用于实验。重新捕获的结果表明，雌蚊的数量。与雄性相比，Whitmani被捕获的频率更高，距离也更远，这表明它们倾向于从放养点分散到附近有食物来源的地区，比如动物围栏。研究结果支持森林-室内传播循环的假设，媒介种群集中分布，特别是在靠近植被和血源的地区。这些发现是设计控制策略的关键，例如人与白蛉之间的物理屏障，以及改进疟疾流行地区的预防措施。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping visceral leishmaniasis and examining environmental influences in Baringo County, Kenya 绘制内脏利什曼病地图并检查肯尼亚巴林戈县的环境影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107998

Katherine O’Brien , Hellen Nyakundi , Mwatela Kitondo , John Olawepo , Katie McCreedy , Koen Tieskens , Richard Wamai

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a highly debilitating parasitic disease that primarily affects people living in poverty. In northern Baringo County, Kenya, VL contributes greatly to the overall burden of disease. The aim of this study was to identify hotspots of VL transmission and regional environmental associations in this area. Data was obtained from Chemolingot Sub-County Hospital’s laboratory records and VL prevalence was assessed at the sub-location level. Monthly environmental covariates—mean, maximum, and minimum temperature, total precipitation, relative humidity, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and elevation—were retrieved from Google Earth Engine. Spatial clustering was assessed with Getis-Ord GI* hotspot analysis in ArcGIS Pro. VL prevalence were modelled at the sub-location level with negative binomial regression to identify environmental risk factors for transmission. Between July 2019 and December 2024, 637 confirmed cases translated to an overall period prevalence of 2.71 per 1000 residents across Tiaty East and West. Four sub-locations were identified as VL hotspots; Losikiriamoi recorded the highest prevalence, 43.4 per 1000. The final model after excluding collinear variables included mean monthly temperature, precipitation, elevation, and NDVI. Mean monthly temperature and precipitation were significantly associated with VL prevalence at the sub-location level. Elevation and NDVI were not significant predictors. These findings can inform targeted VL surveillance and control strategies, which is particularly important in a resource-limited field. Changes in temperature and precipitation should be monitored by local public health officials to anticipate changes in VL transmission.

内脏利什曼病（VL）是一种高度衰弱的寄生虫病，主要影响生活贫困的人。在肯尼亚巴林戈县北部，VL极大地增加了总体疾病负担。本研究的目的是确定该地区VL传播热点及其区域环境关联。数据来自科莫林戈特县附属医院的实验室记录，并在亚地点水平评估VL患病率。月环境协变量包括平均、最高和最低温度、总降水量、相对湿度、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和海拔。利用ArcGIS Pro中的Getis-Ord GI*热点分析对空间聚类进行评价。采用负二项回归在亚地点水平对VL流行进行建模，以确定传播的环境危险因素。在2019年7月至2024年12月期间，637例确诊病例转化为大西洋东部和西部每1000名居民中2.71例的总体流行率。四个子地点被确定为VL热点；Losikiriamoi的患病率最高，为43.4‰。排除共线性变量后的最终模型包括月平均温度、降水、海拔和NDVI。月平均气温和降水量与亚位水平上的VL患病率有显著相关。海拔和NDVI不是显著的预测因子。这些发现可以为有针对性的VL监测和控制策略提供信息，这在资源有限的领域尤为重要。当地公共卫生官员应监测温度变化，以预测VL传播的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Eco-epidemiological clustering and cluster-wise forecasting of dengue in Mexico, 2020–2025 2020-2025年墨西哥登革热生态流行病学聚类与聚类预测

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107993

J.A. Martínez-Cadena , J.M. Sánchez-Cerritos , J. Alvarez-Ramirez , A. Marin-Lopez , J. Delgado-Fernández , I. Fuentecilla-Carcamo

Dengue transmission varies markedly across Mexico, posing challenges for short-term operational planning. We propose a two-layer framework that (i) constructs incidence-free eco-epidemiological clusters for the 32 Mexican states and (ii) produces one-week-ahead forecasts of weekly dengue cases at the cluster level with quantified uncertainty, expressed through P10–P90 prediction bands. Our analysis covers 283 epidemiological weeks per state from 2020 to 2025, with all 32 states retained after meteorological quality control. Clusters are identified using full-covariance Gaussian mixture models applied to seasonal summaries of temperature, relative humidity and vapour-pressure deficit, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind, together with descriptors of weekly seasonality. We select the number of clusters, k, using the Bayesian information criterion or integrated complete likelihood, and we confirm robustness with bootstrap adjusted Rand index, favoring k = 5. For forecasting, we train cluster-specific HistGradientBoosting (Poisson) models using leak-free lagged incidence and lagged or rolling meteorological data, fitting quantile variants (

α

=0.10, 0.90) to create P10-P90 bands. Over the last 20 weeks, the overall performance measures are a mean absolute error of 17.1 and a root mean square error of 27.7, outperforming a seasonal-naïve baseline in several clusters. The best-performing cluster achieves a mean absolute error of about 5.6 and a root mean square error of about 10.2, while the most variable cluster reaches a mean absolute error of about 38.1 and a root mean square error of about 55.1. Residuals center around zero but show heavy tails during rapid changes. Ablation studies show that climate contributes small, regime-specific improvements at h = 1 (mean absolute error +1.8%, root mean square error -1.4% without climate), whereas removing autoregressive terms more than doubles the error (mean absolute error +109.7%, root mean square error +106.9%). Based on open surveillance and NASA POWER data, this framework provides understandable spatial types and practical, uncertainty-aware forecasts to aid in subnational dengue preparedness.

登革热传播在墨西哥各地差别很大，对短期行动规划构成挑战。我们提出了一个双层框架，(i)为墨西哥32个州构建无发病率的生态流行病学集群，（ii）在集群水平上产生一周前的每周登革热病例预测，通过P10-P90预测带表示。我们的分析涵盖了从2020年到2025年每个州的283个流行病学周，所有32个州都经过了气象质量控制。使用全协方差高斯混合模型识别聚类，该模型应用于温度、相对湿度和蒸汽压差、降水、太阳辐射和风的季节性总结，以及每周季节性描述符。我们使用贝叶斯信息准则或集成完全似然来选择聚类的数量k，并使用自举调整的Rand指数来确认稳健性，k=5。对于预测，我们使用无泄漏滞后事件和滞后或滚动气象数据训练集群特定的HistGradientBoosting（泊松）模型，拟合分位数变量（α=0.10, 0.90）以创建P10-P90波段。在过去的20周内，总体性能指标的平均绝对误差为17.1，均方根误差为27.7，在几个集群中优于seasonal-naïve基线。表现最好的集群的平均绝对误差约为5.6，均方根误差约为10.2，而变化最大的集群的平均绝对误差约为38.1，均方根误差约为55.1。残差集中在零附近，但在快速变化时显示出沉重的尾巴。消融研究表明，当h=1时（平均绝对误差+1.8%，不考虑气候的均方根误差-1.4%），气候对特定制度的改善作用较小，而去除自回归项会使误差增加一倍以上（平均绝对误差+109.7%，均方根误差+106.9%）。基于公开监测和NASA POWER数据，该框架提供了可理解的空间类型和实用的、有不确定性意识的预测，以帮助地方登革热防范工作。

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引用次数: 0

(‒)-Epicatechin enhances the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of chlorhexidine through synergistic action （-）-表儿茶素通过协同作用增强氯己定抗棘阿米巴活性。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108010

Hương Giang Lê , Tuấn Cường Võ , Thu Hằng Nguyễn , Minkyoung Cho , Yeonchul Hong , Hak Sun Yu , Byoung-Kuk Na

Acanthamoeba species are causative agents of the sight-threatening ocular disease, Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). (‒)-Epicatechin (EC) has been reported to exhibit anti-amoebic activity against laboratory strains of A. castellanii and A. polyphaga, suggesting its potential as an AK drug alternative. However, its efficacy against clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba species and its feasibility as a treatment for AK have not yet been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the anti-amoebic activity of EC against Acanthamoeba clinical isolates and its synergistic effect with chlorhexidine (CHX) to validate its potential in developing or optimizing AK treatment regimes. The anti-amoebic activity of EC against trophozoites and cysts of 10 clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba species was analyzed. The synergistic anti-amoebic effect of EC and CHX was also investigated. EC exhibited anti-amoebic activity against clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba, but showed varying efficacy, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 43.24 to 271.30 µM against trophozoites. EC induced apoptosis-like programmed cell death in the trophozoites of these clinical isolates, and also had partial cysticidal activity. Co-treatment with EC and CHX exhibited prominent in vitro synergistic anti-amoebic activity against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts, and co-treatment with EC and a subclinical dose of CHX (0.001 and 0.002%) revealed a dose-dependent anti-amoebic effect on both trophozoites and cysts equivalent to or greater than a clinical dose of CHX (0.02%). The promising anti-amoebic activity of EC against Acanthamoeba clinical isolates, along with the observed synergistic effect with CHX, highlights its potential as a drug candidate or an adjunctive treatment for AK.

棘阿米巴是致病菌的视力威胁的眼部疾病，棘阿米巴角膜炎（AK）。（-）-表儿茶素（EC）对A. castellanii和A. polyphhaga实验室菌株表现出抗阿米巴活性，表明其作为AK药物替代品的潜力。然而，其对棘阿米巴临床分离株的疗效及其作为治疗AK的可行性尚未得到研究。在这项研究中，我们分析了EC对棘阿米巴临床分离株的抗阿米巴活性及其与氯己定（CHX）的协同作用，以验证其在开发或优化AK治疗方案方面的潜力。分析了EC对10株棘阿米巴临床分离株滋养体和囊泡的抗阿米巴活性。研究了EC和CHX的协同抗阿米巴作用。EC对棘阿米巴临床分离株具有抗阿米巴活性，但对滋养体的IC50值在43.24 ~ 271.30µM之间。EC在这些临床分离的滋养体中诱导细胞凋亡样程序性细胞死亡，并具有部分囊性杀伤活性。EC和CHX共处理对棘阿米巴滋养体和囊具有显著的体外协同抗阿米巴活性，EC和亚临床剂量CHX（0.001和0.002%）共处理对滋养体和囊的抗阿米巴作用显示出剂量依赖性，相当于或大于临床剂量CHX（0.02%）。EC对棘阿米巴临床分离株的抗阿米巴活性，以及与CHX观察到的协同作用，突出了其作为AK候选药物或辅助治疗的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A two-step model of cell cycle–linked metacyclogenesis in Trypanosoma cruzi 克氏锥虫细胞周期相关胞浆发生的两步模型。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107997

Ana Paula De Jesus Menezes , Melissa Martins De Oliveira , Sergio Schenkman , Ariel Mariano Silber , Julia Pinheiro Chagas da Cunha , Maria Carolina Elias

The causative protozoan of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, undergoes a complex life cycle involving cell cycle regulation and differentiation. However, the connection between these processes remains unclear. Here, we investigated the cell cycle phase in which commitment to metacyclogenesis occurs. Using synchronized populations, CFSE labeling, and cytokinesis inhibition, we show that differentiation stimuli can be perceived from G2/M to G1, but execution takes place exclusively in G1. CFSE results revealed that parasites already in G1 differentiate without division, whereas inhibition of cytokinesis assays demonstrated that post-G1 cells must complete cytokinesis before producing metacyclics. Together, these findings support a two-step model, stimulus perception followed by execution in G1, providing new insights into T. cruzi differentiation and advancing our understanding of parasite development and transmission.

恰加斯病的病原原生动物克氏锥虫经历了一个复杂的生命周期，涉及细胞周期调节和分化。然而，这些过程之间的联系尚不清楚。在这里，我们研究了细胞周期的阶段，其中承诺元细胞形成发生。通过同步群体、CFSE标记和细胞分裂抑制，我们发现分化刺激可以从G2/M到G1被感知，但执行只发生在G1。CFSE结果显示，已经处于G1期的寄生虫可以在没有分裂的情况下分化，而抑制细胞分裂的实验表明，G1后的细胞必须完成细胞分裂才能产生元环。总之，这些发现支持了一个两步模型，刺激感知随后在G1期执行，为克氏锥虫的分化提供了新的见解，并促进了我们对寄生虫发育和传播的理解。

引用次数: 0

Host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes across land use types and regions in Vietnam and its implications for mosquito-borne disease transmission 越南不同土地利用类型和地区蚊子的宿主摄食模式及其对蚊媒疾病传播的影响

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108001

Do Huy Loc , Tatiana Șuleşco , Felix G. Sauer , Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit , Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan , Renke Lühken

Understanding mosquito host-feeding patterns is essential for elucidating the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne pathogens and informing targeted control strategies. In this study, we investigated the host-feeding patterns of mosquitoes collected in 2022 and 2023 across three land use types (urban, rural, and forest) in four geographical regions of Vietnam (North, South, Central Coast, and Central Highlands). Mosquitoes were sampled using BG-Pro traps, and host identification was performed via DNA barcoding of the cytochrome b and 16S rRNA genes. A total of 349 blood-fed mosquito specimens, representing 13 species and three undifferentiated taxa, were analyzed. The dominant species were Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui. Host-DNA was successfully identified in 267 specimens (77%), revealing blood meals from 18 mammal and 4 bird species. Chickens (45%), humans (28%), and dogs (12%) were the most frequent hosts. Mixed blood meals were detected in 23% of successfully analyzed specimens, indicating potential for bridge vector transmission between host groups. No statistically significant effect of land use on host-feeding patterns was observed for the three dominant mosquito species. These findings highlight the diverse feeding behaviour of mosquitoes in Vietnam, characterize by broad host species and frequent mixed blood meals, and emphasize the need for continued research to better understand mosquito-host interactions and their implications for vector-borne pathogen transmission.

了解蚊子宿主摄食模式对于阐明蚊媒病原体的传播动态和提供有针对性的控制策略至关重要。在这项研究中，我们调查了2022年和2023年在越南四个地理区域（北部、南部、中部海岸和中部高地）的三种土地利用类型（城市、农村和森林）中收集的蚊子的宿主摄食模式。采用BG-Pro诱捕法采集蚊虫样本，通过细胞色素b和16S rRNA基因的DNA条形码鉴定宿主。共采集血食蚊349份，包括13种和3个未分化类群。优势种为三带喙库蚊、库蚊；致倦库蚊和Cx。vishnui。在267份（77%）标本中成功鉴定出宿主dna，揭示了18种哺乳动物和4种鸟类的血食。鸡（45%）、人（28%）和狗（12%）是最常见的宿主。在成功分析的23%的标本中检测到混合血餐，表明宿主群体之间可能存在桥媒传播。土地利用对三种优势蚊的取食方式无显著影响。这些发现突出了越南蚊子的多样化摄食行为，其特点是宿主种类广泛和混合血餐频繁，并强调需要继续研究以更好地了解蚊子-宿主相互作用及其对媒介传播的病原体的影响。

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Comment on "Machine Learning forecasting of dengue in São Paulo using virtual data augmentation and urban incident predictors: Addressing the exceptional surge of cases in 2024". 对“使用虚拟数据增强和城市事件预测器对<s:1>圣保罗登革热进行机器学习预测：应对2024年异常激增的病例”的评论。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108031

Riteshkumar Arya, Amruta Desai, Rajni Prakash

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