Acta tropica最新文献_第6页

Global prevalence of Cryptosporidium andersoni in dairy cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis 奶牛隐孢子虫的全球流行率：系统回顾与荟萃分析。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107427

Huikai Qin , Yuancai Chen , Yayun Wu , Huiyan Xu , Longxian Zhang

Cryptosporidium spp. are apicomplexan parasites commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and in a wide range of animals. Infection is prevalent in dairy cattle and results in diarrhea and increased mortality with significant production losses. Cryptosporidium andersoni is commonly seen in asymptomatic adult cattle and has been associated with gastritis, reduced milk yield, and poor weight gain. However, a meta-analysis of C. andersoni infection in dairy cattle globally has not yet been published. We searched databases for studies on the global prevalence of C. andersoni infection in dairy cattle published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2022. The prevalence of C. andersoni infection in dairy cattle was estimated using a random effects model. In total, 86 publications from 30 countries were included in the final quantitative analysis. The global prevalence of C. andersoni in dairy cattle was 4.7 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.5–4.9 %, 2,554/54,627). European dairy cattle had the highest rate of C. andersoni infection at 8.8 % (961/10,944). A univariate meta-regression analysis indicated that the age of cattle (P = 0.002) and sample collection year (P = 0.025) might be sources of heterogeneity. This systematic review suggests that globally, dairy cattle exhibit a low level of C. andersoni infection; however, the geographical distribution of infection is extensive. C. andersoni mainly infects the stomach of cattle and causes no obvious clinical symptoms after infection but is thought to be responsible for reduced milk production. Therefore, subclinical Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle is easily overlooked. Cattle with subclinical infections can produce feces containing oocysts that are inadvertently not safely handled, which can then infect healthy dairy cattle and even cause Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle breeders. Therefore, prevention of C. andersoni transmission in asymptomatic cattle is an important issue that should not be neglected.

隐孢子虫属是一种 apicomplexan 寄生虫，通常存在于人类和各种动物的胃肠道中。感染在奶牛中很普遍，会导致腹泻和死亡率上升，造成重大的生产损失。隐孢子虫常见于无症状的成年牛，与胃炎、产奶量下降和增重不良有关。然而，关于全球奶牛隐孢子虫感染的荟萃分析尚未发表。我们在数据库中检索了 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间发表的关于全球奶牛中安德森氏菌感染率的研究。我们使用随机效应模型估算了奶牛中安德森氏菌的感染率。最终定量分析共纳入了来自 30 个国家的 86 篇论文。全球奶牛的安德森氏菌感染率为 4.7%（95% 置信区间 [CI]：4.5-4.9%，2,554/54,627）。欧洲奶牛的安德森氏菌感染率最高，为 8.8%（961/10944 头）。单变量元回归分析表明，牛的年龄（P = 0.002）和样本采集年份（P = 0.025）可能是异质性的来源。本系统综述表明，在全球范围内，奶牛的安德森氏菌感染率较低；但是，感染的地理分布很广。C. andersoni 主要感染牛的胃部，感染后不会引起明显的临床症状，但被认为是导致产奶量下降的原因。因此，奶牛亚临床隐孢子虫感染很容易被忽视。亚临床感染的牛会产生含有卵囊的粪便，如果处理不慎，卵囊就会感染健康的奶牛，甚至导致奶牛饲养者感染隐孢子虫。因此，预防无症状牛感染隐孢子虫是一个不容忽视的重要问题。

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引用次数: 0

Phylogenetics and species delimitation of the recluse spider, Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae: Sicariidae) populations invading Bangkok, Thailand 入侵泰国曼谷的疣蛛 Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae: Sicariidae) 种群的系统发育和物种划分。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107424

Narin Chomphuphuang , Chalermkiat Leamyongyai , Chaowalit Songsangchote , Kanyakorn Piraonapicha , Nirun Pojprasat , Paveen Piyatrakulchai

The Mediterranean recluse spider, Loxosceles rufescens, has been discovered for the first time inhabiting human dwellings in Bangkok, Thailand. Expeditions across 39 localities revealed five establishments with L. rufescens populations. The highest density was recorded in a storage house on Yaowarat Road, located in the heart of Bangkok's Chinatown, where 315 individuals were found, including adults, juveniles, and spiderlings. This medically significant spider's presence in such a densely populated urban area raises concerns about potential envenomation risks. Thirteen specimens of L. rufescens were extracted for DNA and sequenced for molecular phylogenetic analyses. COI and ITS2 markers were used to investigate relationships within L. rufescens and across available Loxosceles species sequences. Results indicate COI is superior for resolving species-level genetic clusters compared to ITS2. Surprisingly, L. rufescens individuals from the same house were found in significantly distant COI lineages, suggesting mtDNA may not be suitable for studying intra-specific phylogeography in this case. Species delimitation methods ABGD and ASAP demonstrated promising results for both COI and ITS2, while bPTP and GMYC tended to overestimate species numbers. ITS2 exhibited high sequence similarity in L. rufescens, suggesting potential utility as a barcoding marker for identification of this globally distributed species. Genetic distance analyses revealed a potential barcoding gap (K2P) of 8–9 % for COI and <2 % for ITS2 in Loxosceles. This study contributes valuable sequence data for the medically important genus Loxosceles and highlights the need for integrative approaches in understanding its evolution and spread. The findings have important implications for pest management strategies and public health in urban environments.

在泰国曼谷的人类住宅中首次发现了地中海隐蛛（Loxosceles rufescens）。在对 39 个地点的考察中，发现了五处有 L. rufescens 种群的场所。密度最高的是位于曼谷唐人街中心的 Yaowarat 路的一个仓库，共发现 315 只，包括成蛛、幼蛛和幼蛛。这种在医学上具有重要意义的蜘蛛出现在人口如此密集的城市地区，引起了人们对潜在毒杀风险的关注。我们提取了 13 个 L. rufescens 标本的 DNA，并对其进行了分子系统学分析测序。COI 和 ITS2 标记用于研究 L. rufescens 内部的关系以及现有 Loxosceles 物种序列之间的关系。结果表明，与 ITS2 相比，COI 在解析物种级遗传集群方面更具优势。令人惊讶的是，来自同一住宅的 L. rufescens个体被发现在明显不同的 COI 系中，这表明 mtDNA 在这种情况下可能不适合研究种内系统地理学。ABGD和ASAP方法在COI和ITS2方面都显示出良好的结果，而bPTP和GMYC则倾向于高估物种数量。ITS2 在 L. rufescens 中表现出很高的序列相似性，表明它有可能成为鉴定这一全球分布物种的条形码标记。遗传距离分析表明，COI 和 GMYC 的潜在条形码差距（K2P）为 8-9%。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Wolbachia infection in Aedes aegypti suggests low prevalence and highly heterogeneous distribution in Medellín, Colombia 对埃及伊蚊沃尔巴克氏体感染的评估表明，在哥伦比亚麦德林，沃尔巴克氏体感染率较低，且分布高度不均。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107423

Arley Calle-Tobón , Raúl Rojo-Ospina , Sara Zuluaga , Juan F. Giraldo-Muñoz , Jorge Mario Cadavid

Dengue virus, transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical countries, with an incidence that is growing at an alarming rate. The release of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes has been suggested as a strategy to reduce the incidence of multiple arboviruses. In Medellín, Colombia, large-scale releases of Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were performed between 2017 and 2022 by the World Mosquito Program to facilitate population replacement. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and distribution of Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti two years after completion of these releases. We conducted the sampling across 19 communes in Medellín, using 416 ovitraps to collect Ae. aegypti eggs from epidemiological weeks 26 to 41 in 2023. Upon hatching the collected eggs, we identified and pooled adult female Ae. aegypti for DNA extraction. Subsequently, we conducted PCR assays for the detection of Wolbachia infection in these mosquitoes. We used maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and Bayesian methods to estimate the prevalence of Wolbachia infection, while using QGIS to analyze spatial distribution of infection in the region. A total of 774 female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from 182 pools were evaluated. We detected Wolbachia in 33.5 % of pools, with an estimated individual minimum infection rate of 9.5 % and a maximum of 33.2 %. The prevalence varied significantly across communes, with the highest rates observed in the northeastern and southwestern areas. Spatial analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous island-like distribution of Wolbachia across Medellín with a few hotspots. The observed Wolbachia prevalence in this work was lower than previously reported. We suspect a decline in the prevalence of Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in Medellín following the completion of their release.

登革热病毒主要由埃及伊蚊传播，是热带和亚热带国家面临的一项重大公共卫生挑战，其发病率正以惊人的速度增长。有人建议将释放携带沃尔巴克氏体的蚊子作为降低多种虫媒病毒发病率的一种策略。在哥伦比亚麦德林，世界蚊子计划在2017年至2022年期间大规模释放了感染了沃尔巴克氏体的埃及疟蚊，以促进种群替换。在这项研究中，我们评估了这些释放完成两年后受沃尔巴乔病毒感染的埃及伊蚊的流行率和分布情况。我们在麦德林市的 19 个社区进行了采样，使用 416 个卵盘收集 2023 年流行病学第 26 周至第 41 周的埃及蚁卵。收集到的卵孵化后，我们对成年雌性埃及蚁进行了鉴定和集中，以提取 DNA。随后，我们用 PCR 方法检测这些蚊子是否感染了沃尔巴克氏体。我们使用最大似然估计法（MLE）和贝叶斯法来估计沃尔巴克氏体的感染率，同时使用QGIS来分析感染在该地区的空间分布。共对来自 182 个水池的 774 只埃及雌蚊进行了评估。我们在 33.5% 的水池中检测到了沃尔巴克氏菌，估计个体最低感染率为 9.5%，最高感染率为 33.2%。各乡镇的感染率差异很大，东北部和西南部地区的感染率最高。空间分析表明，整个麦德林的沃尔巴克氏体分布非常不均匀，呈岛屿状分布，只有少数几个热点地区。这项工作中观察到的沃尔巴克氏菌流行率低于之前的报告。我们怀疑在埃及姬蚊释放结束后，麦德林受沃尔巴克氏体感染的蚊子的流行率会下降。

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引用次数: 0

A review on trombiculiasis: An underreported parasitosis that affects humans and animals, including world distribution, clinical findings, associated pathogens, prophylaxis and identification methods 关于血吸虫病的综述：一种未得到充分报道的影响人类和动物的寄生虫病，包括世界分布、临床表现、相关病原体、预防措施和鉴别方法。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107420

Isabella Pereira Pesenato , Ricardo Bassini-Silva , Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius

Chigger mites comprise three families: Trombiculidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae and Walchiidae, with over 3,000 species worldwide. Their life cycle includes six stages, and the larvae are parasites, while the other stages are free-living predators. Once attached to a host, the larvae spend several days feeding on the host's epithelial tissue, forming the stylostome. An inflammatory reaction can be formed during larval feeding, known as trombiculiasis or trombiculosis. In this study, we provide a literature review using 123 scientific articles on the cases of trombiculiasis in animals and humans reported in different biogeographical regions, including 29 countries and 30 different chigger species, with all the information compiled in the Supplementary material. This review aims to increase the visibility of this disease and group of mites, so that physicians and veterinarians can become more aware of the disease and include the causative agent in differential diagnoses. We also offer knowledge on mounting and control methods in order to improve mite identification for future research. Lastly, the prophylaxis and control methods in cases of infestations and associated pathogens are mentioned.

恙螨由三个科组成：恙螨由三个科组成：Trombiculidae、Leeuwenhoekiidae 和 Walchiidae，在全世界有 3,000 多个物种。它们的生命周期包括七个阶段，幼虫是寄生虫，其他阶段则是自由生活的捕食者。幼虫附着在宿主身上后，会花几天时间在宿主的上皮组织上取食，形成花柱。幼虫取食过程中可能会形成炎症反应，这就是所谓的龙线虫病或龙线虫病。在本研究中，我们利用 123 篇科学文章对不同生物地理区域（包括 29 个国家和 30 种不同的恙虫属）报告的动物和人类曲皮蝇蛆病病例进行了文献综述，所有信息均汇编在补充材料中。本综述旨在提高这种疾病和螨类的知名度，使医生和兽医对这种疾病有更多的了解，并将病原体纳入鉴别诊断中。我们还提供了有关安装和控制方法的知识，以便为今后的研究改进螨虫鉴定。最后，我们还提到了虫害和相关病原体的预防和控制方法。

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引用次数: 0

Sensitivity and specificity of microscopic and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of taeniasis 显微镜和分子技术诊断泰纳丝虫病的敏感性和特异性。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107414

Andrew Larkins , Breanna Knight , Boualy Keokhamphavanh , Kelly Taggart , Sarah Keatley , Bounnaloth Insisiengmay , Amanda Ash

Background and Objectives

The diagnostic challenges associated with T. solium continue to hamper control efforts of the world's most significant foodborne parasite and leading cause of epilepsy in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to validate two conventional PCRs for taeniasis and estimate the diagnostic performance of microscopic and molecular tools.

Methods

Formalin and ethanol-fixed samples were tested by formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT), Malachite smear, McMaster2 method, rrnS PCR and cox1 PCR. Initial validation of PCR methods was completed on 45 microscopy positive individuals. After validation, the performance of microscopic methods and the rrnS were estimated using samples from 1,156 individuals in Laos. Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) and a composite reference standard were used to estimate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Results

On preliminary validation the rrnS was able to detect 27/45 (60.00 %) infections whereas the cox1 detected 21/45 (46.67 %). As a result, the cox1 was excluded from further performance analysis. Microscopy methods and the rrnS were highly specific with estimates above 99.02 % regardless of analytical method. The rrnS was the most sensitive test by informed BCLM (91.45 %, CrI: 73.41–99.52 %) followed by the FECT (71.20 %, CrI: 50.53–85.48 %), McMaster2 (51.31 %, CrI: 32.00–71.29 %) and Malachite smear (32.23 %, CrI: 15.40–54.47 %).

Discussion

The inability to validate the cox1 PCR suggests that it may not be suitable in its current form for routine characterisation of Taenia spp. detected by microscopy. The rrnS presents a suitable alternative to the cox1, however, requires its products to be sequenced. Given the low prevalence of taeniasis in most populations, this should be a feasible approach that may be able to be integrated with existing soil-transmitted helminth surveys that often use FECT for microscopic diagnosis.

背景和目标：在中低收入国家，蛔虫是世界上最重要的食源性寄生虫，也是导致癫痫的主要原因，与蛔虫相关的诊断难题继续阻碍着对蛔虫的控制工作。本研究旨在验证两种传统的蛔虫PCR方法，并评估显微镜和分子工具的诊断性能：方法：通过福尔马林-醋酸乙酯浓缩技术（FECT）、孔雀石涂片、麦克马斯特2方法、rrnS PCR和cox1 PCR对福尔马林和乙醇固定样本进行检测。对 45 个显微镜检查呈阳性的个体完成了 PCR 方法的初步验证。验证后，使用老挝 1,156 人的样本对显微镜方法和 rrnS 的性能进行了估计。贝叶斯潜类模型（BLCMs）和综合参考标准被用来估算诊断灵敏度和特异性：经初步验证，rrnS 能够检测出 27/45 例（60.00%）感染，而 cox1 则检测出 21/45 例（46.67%）。因此，cox1 被排除在进一步的性能分析之外。无论采用哪种分析方法，显微镜方法和 rrnS 的特异性都很高，估计值都在 99.02% 以上。根据 BCLM（91.45%，CrI：73.41-99.52%），rrnS 是最敏感的检测方法，其次是 FECT（71.20%，CrI：50.53-85.48%）、McMaster2（51.31%，CrI：32.00-71.29%）和孔雀石涂片（32.23%，CrI：15.40-54.47%）：讨论：无法对 cox1 PCR 进行验证表明，其目前的形式可能不适合用于显微镜检测疟原虫属的常规鉴定。rrnS 是 cox1 的合适替代品，但需要对其产物进行测序。鉴于大多数人群中疟原虫病的发病率较低，这应该是一种可行的方法，可以与现有的土壤传播蠕虫调查相结合，后者通常使用 FECT 进行显微诊断。

{"title":"Sensitivity and specificity of microscopic and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of taeniasis","authors":"Andrew Larkins , Breanna Knight , Boualy Keokhamphavanh , Kelly Taggart , Sarah Keatley , Bounnaloth Insisiengmay , Amanda Ash","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>The diagnostic challenges associated with <em>T. solium</em> continue to hamper control efforts of the world's most significant foodborne parasite and leading cause of epilepsy in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to validate two conventional PCRs for taeniasis and estimate the diagnostic performance of microscopic and molecular tools.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Formalin and ethanol-fixed samples were tested by formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT), Malachite smear, McMaster2 method, <em>rrnS</em> PCR and <em>cox1</em> PCR. Initial validation of PCR methods was completed on 45 microscopy positive individuals. After validation, the performance of microscopic methods and the <em>rrnS</em> were estimated using samples from 1,156 individuals in Laos. Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) and a composite reference standard were used to estimate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On preliminary validation the <em>rrnS</em> was able to detect 27/45 (60.00 %) infections whereas the <em>cox1</em> detected 21/45 (46.67 %). As a result, the <em>cox1</em> was excluded from further performance analysis. Microscopy methods and the <em>rrnS</em> were highly specific with estimates above 99.02 % regardless of analytical method. The <em>rrnS</em> was the most sensitive test by informed BCLM (91.45 %, CrI: 73.41–99.52 %) followed by the FECT (71.20 %, CrI: 50.53–85.48 %), McMaster2 (51.31 %, CrI: 32.00–71.29 %) and Malachite smear (32.23 %, CrI: 15.40–54.47 %).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The inability to validate the <em>cox1</em> PCR suggests that it may not be suitable in its current form for routine characterisation of <em>Taenia</em> spp. detected by microscopy. The <em>rrnS</em> presents a suitable alternative to the <em>cox1</em>, however, requires its products to be sequenced. Given the low prevalence of taeniasis in most populations, this should be a feasible approach that may be able to be integrated with existing soil-transmitted helminth surveys that often use FECT for microscopic diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 107414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic polymorphism of Duffy binding protein in Pakistan Plasmodium vivax isolates 巴基斯坦间日疟原虫分离物中达菲结合蛋白的遗传多态性。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107421

Đăng Thùy Dương Nguyễn , Tuấn Cường Võ , Kim Oanh Nguyễn , Hương Giang Lê , Jung-Mi Kang , Thu Hằng Nguyễn , Minkyoung Cho , Sahib Gul Afridi , Byoung-Kuk Na

Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) is crucial for erythrocyte invasion, interacting with the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) on the erythrocyte surface. The amino-terminal cysteine-rich region II of PvDBP (PvDBPII) is a promising blood stage vaccine candidate, yet the genetic polymorphisms of this protein in global P. vivax isolates complicate the design of effective vaccines against vivax malaria. This study analyzed the genetic polymorphism of PvDBPII in Pakistan P. vivax isolates. A total of 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 22 nonsynonymous SNPs, were identified in 118 Pakistan PvDBPII. Most amino acid substitutions occurred in subdomains II and III, with six commonly observed in the global PvDBPII population. The amino acid change patterns in Pakistan PvDBPII generally mirrored those in global PvDBPII, although the frequencies of amino acid changes varied by country. Nucleotide diversity in Pakistan PvDBPII was comparable to that found in global PvDBPII. Evidence of natural selection and recombination in Pakistan PvDBPII aligned with observations in global PvDBPII. Analysis of the haplotype network of global PvDBPII revealed a complexed network of 167 haplotypes, but no geographical clustering was observed. The findings are crucial for understanding the genetic characteristics of Pakistan PvDBPII. A comprehensive analysis of nucleotide diversity and evolutionary trends in the global PvDBPII population offers valuable insights for the development of vivax malaria vaccines based on this antigen.

间日疟原虫达菲结合蛋白（PvDBP）与红细胞表面的达菲抗原趋化因子受体（DARC）相互作用，对红细胞侵袭至关重要。PvDBP（PvDBPⅡ）的氨基末端富含半胱氨酸区域Ⅱ是一种很有前景的血期疫苗拮抗剂，然而该蛋白在全球间日疟分离株中的遗传多态性使设计有效的间日疟疫苗变得复杂。本研究分析了巴基斯坦间日疟原虫分离株中 PvDBPII 的遗传多态性。在 118 株巴基斯坦 PvDBPII 株中共鉴定出 29 个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs），包括 22 个非同义 SNPs。大多数氨基酸置换发生在亚域 II 和 III，其中 6 个常见于全球 PvDBPII 群体。巴基斯坦 PvDBPII 的氨基酸变化模式与全球 PvDBPII 大致相同，但氨基酸变化的频率因国家而异。巴基斯坦 PvDBPII 中的核苷酸多样性与全球 PvDBPII 中的核苷酸多样性相当。巴基斯坦 PvDBPII 中自然选择和重组的证据与全球 PvDBPII 中的观察结果一致。对全球 PvDBPII 单倍型网络的分析显示了一个由 167 个单倍型组成的复杂网络，但没有观察到地理聚类。这些发现对于了解巴基斯坦 PvDBPII 的遗传特征至关重要。对全球 PvDBPII 群体核苷酸多样性和进化趋势的全面分析为开发基于该抗原的间日疟原虫疫苗提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of two atypical strains of bluetongue virus in sheep, Tunisia 突尼斯羊群中两种非典型蓝舌病病毒株的鉴定和特征描述。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107416

Sara Thabet , Soufien Sghaier , Valentina Curini , Luana Fiorella Mincarelli , Dorsaf El Mansouri , Raja Ben Osmane , Sonia Ben Hassan , Ahmed Amara , Thameur Ben Hassine , Giovanni Savini , Simone Pulsoni , Ayda Sayadi , Ayda Krichene , Cesare Cammà , Massimo Spedicato , Alessio Lorusso , Maurilia Marcacci , Salah Hammami

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of the bluetongue disease (BT), an infectious disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is primarily transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. In recent years, several novel BTV serotypes (often referred to as “atypical” BTVs) have been documented. These strains are usually asymptomatic in animals and seem to be unable to replicate efficiently in the arthropod vector.

Here we report the detection of two putative atypical BTV strains in the Governorate of Gafsa, in the southwest region of Tunisia. Specifically, we recognised the recurrence of an atypical BTV strain (BTV-Y TUN2022) and a novel BTV-W TUN2022.

蓝舌病病毒（BTV）是蓝舌病（BT）的病原体，BT 是一种家畜和野生反刍动物传染病，主要通过咬蠓传播。近年来，记录了几种新型 BTV 血清型（通常称为 "非典型 "BTV）。这些毒株在动物体内通常没有症状，而且似乎无法在节肢动物载体中有效复制。在此，我们报告在突尼斯西南部地区的加夫萨省发现了两种假定的非典型 BTV 株系。具体来说，我们发现了一种非典型 BTV 株系（BTV-Y TUN2022）和一种新型 BTV-W TUN2022。

引用次数: 0

Overexpression, purification and biochemical studies of Sortase A from Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) and its inhibition studies with Aloenin 粪肠球菌 (Ef) SORTASE A 的过度表达、纯化和生物化学研究以及阿洛宁对其的抑制作用。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107419

Suraj Singh , Sanjit Kumar , Immanuel Dhanasingh

Sortase A (SrtA) is a bacterial transpeptidase that garnishes the bacterial surface by adding various virulent factors or proteins by cleaving the LPXTG-specific motif between T and G amino acids. These virulence factors assist in the attachment of host cells, which are essential for bacterial virulence. Enterococcus species are among the multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause nosocomial infections; they have drawn a lot of attention recently. SrtA from E. faecalis (Ef) plays a critical role in pathogenesis, making it a suitable target for the development of antibacterial agents. Since SrtA is not involved in bacterial growth and is present on the surface of bacteria, the probability of developing antibiotic resistance is minimal. In this work, we have done cloning, expression and purification of Ef-SrtA using IMAC (Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography) followed by Gel filtration chromatography. Purified Ef-SrtA showed maximum activity at pH-8 and temperature between 45 and 55 °C. The fluorescent assay for kinetic studies of Ef-SrtA showed V_max 3.852 µM.min⁻¹ and k_cat 7.7 × 10⁻²s⁻¹ for the hydrolysis of substrate using Abz-LPETG-K(Dnp)-NH₂. We have selected fifteen Aloe vera extracted compounds and performed virtual screening and docking experiments to identify potential inhibitors against Ef-SrtA. Among fifteen molecules, Aloenin-a which was bound to the active site with a binding energy of -6.1 kcal/mol, interacted with the active site residues, Arg139, Pro105, Leu39, Ala46, and Cys126. Aloenin-a showed a significant inhibitory effect against Ef-SrtA, with an IC₅₀ value of 20.68 µM. Aloenin-a inhibits biofilm formation at concentrations of 20–250 µg/mL. The fibrinogen assay showed adherence to fibrinogen was reduced in the presence of Aloenin-a for E. faecalis. The results demonstrated that Aloe vera extracts containing Aloenin-a can be a significant antagonist of Ef-SrtA.

Sortase A（SrtA）是一种细菌转肽酶，它通过裂解 T 和 G 氨基酸之间的 LPXTG 特异基团，在细菌表面添加各种毒力因子或蛋白质。这些毒力因子有助于附着宿主细胞，而宿主细胞对细菌的毒力至关重要。肠球菌是引起医院内感染的多重耐药细菌之一，最近引起了广泛关注。粪肠球菌（Ef）的 SrtA 在致病过程中起着关键作用，因此是开发抗菌剂的合适靶点。由于 SrtA 不参与细菌生长，而且存在于细菌表面，因此产生抗生素耐药性的可能性很小。在这项工作中，我们利用 IMAC（固定金属亲和层析法）和凝胶过滤层析法对 Ef-SrtA 进行了克隆、表达和纯化。纯化的 Ef-SrtA 在 pH 值为 8、温度为 45-55°C 时显示出最大活性。对 Ef-SrtA 的动力学研究进行的荧光测定显示，使用 Abz-LPETG-K(Dnp)-NH2 进行底物水解时，Vmax 为 3.852 µM.min-1，kcat 为 7.7 × 10-2s-1。我们选择了 15 种芦荟提取物，并进行了虚拟筛选和对接实验，以确定潜在的 Ef-SrtA 抑制剂。在 15 个分子中，Aloenin-a 与活性位点的结合能为 -6.1 kcal/mol，与活性位点残基 Arg139、Pro105、Leu39、Ala46 和 Cys126 发生相互作用。Aloenin- 对 Ef-SrtA 具有显著的抑制作用，其 IC50 值为 20.68 μM。Aloenin-a 在 20-250 µg/mL 的浓度下可抑制生物膜的形成。纤维蛋白原测定显示，在 Aloenin-a 的存在下，粪肠球菌对纤维蛋白原的附着力降低。结果表明，含有 Aloenin-a 的芦荟提取物可显著拮抗 Ef-SrtA。

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引用次数: 0

First report of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae carriage in stray cats from Ecuador: Confirmation by sequencing of gltA gene 首次报告厄瓜多尔流浪猫携带鸡沙门氏菌和沙门氏菌：通过 gltA 基因测序确认。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107418

Solon Alberto Orlando , Naomi Mora Jaramillo , Ariana Leon Sosa , Joselyn Calderón , Angel Sebastián Rodriguez-Pazmino , Elsy Carvajal , Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain

引用次数: 0

A “One health” approach to the understanding of mammals, ticks and Rickettsia interactions in the Andes of Colombia 以 "一体健康 "方法了解哥伦比亚安第斯山脉哺乳动物、蜱虫和立克次体之间的相互作用。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107415

Johnathan Alvarez‑Londoño , Estefani T. Martínez-Sánchez , Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves , Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa , Fredy A. Rivera‑Páez

Infectious diseases, especially zoonotic, represent a significant global threat to both human and animal health. Ticks are among the primary vectors of pathogens affecting wild and domestic animals, some of which can also cause severe human diseases. To effectively face zoonotic diseases, the "One Health" approach is being promoted to integrate the health of human, animals, and ecosystems. Here, we identify the associations between ticks, rickettsiae, wild and domestic mammals, and humans in the Andean region of Colombia. A total of 366 ticks of 17 species belonging to the genera Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Ixodes, Ornithodoros, and Rhipicephalus were collected as free-living organisms, or parasitizing humans, wild (22 species) and domestic (3 species) mammals. Infection with Rickettsia parkeri strain NOD, Rickettsia cf. monacensis and ‘Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae’ was detected in 3.4% of the ticks analyzed (n = 3). This study highlights the diversity of ticks in humans and wild and domestic mammals in Colombia. It also underscores the risk these ectoparasites represent to human and animal health due to the potential transmission of zoonotic pathogens such as Rickettsia spp.

传染病，尤其是人畜共患传染病，对人类和动物的健康都构成了重大的全球性威胁。蜱虫是影响野生和家养动物的病原体的主要传播媒介之一，其中一些病原体还可导致严重的人类疾病。为了有效应对人畜共患病，目前正在推广 "统一健康 "方法，以整合人类、动物和生态系统的健康。在这里，我们确定了哥伦比亚安第斯地区蜱虫、立克次体、野生和家养哺乳动物以及人类之间的关联。我们共采集了属于 Amblyomma、Dermacentor、Ixodes、Ornithodoros 和 Rhipicephalus 属的 17 个种类的 366 只蜱虫，这些蜱虫有的自由生活，有的寄生于人类、野生动物（22 种）和家养哺乳动物（3 种）。在分析的蜱虫中，3.4%（n = 3）检测到感染了 Parkeri NOD 株立克次体、cf. monacensis 立克次体和 "Tarasevichiae 立克次体"。这项研究强调了蜱虫在哥伦比亚人类、野生和家养哺乳动物中的多样性。它还强调了这些体外寄生虫对人类和动物健康造成的风险，因为它们有可能传播立克次体等人畜共患病原体。

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