Acta tropica最新文献_第2页

The rising proportion of Plasmodium ovale spp. in imported malaria in Anhui Province, China: A retrospective propensity score-matched case-control study

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107573

Tao Zhang , Xiaofeng Lyu , Xian Xu , Shuqi Wang , Jingjing Jiang , Zijian Liu , Qinshu Chu , Weidong Li , Duoquan Wang

No autochthonous malaria cases have been reported in Anhui Province, China, since 2014. However, imported malaria remains a significant public health concern. Moreover, the proportion of reported imported malaria cases attributed to Plasmodium ovale spp. (P. ovale spp.) has risen to unexpectedly high levels. The factors contributing to this increase and its potential impact on the healthcare system remain unknown. A retrospective case-control study utilizing surveillance data from 2012 to 2023 was conducted to explore these issues. By comparing individuals infected with P. ovale spp. to those with P. falciparum and employing propensity score matching, the research assessed epidemiological and clinical data. Results indicated that the proportion of cases from P. ovale spp. increased significantly (χ² = 9.388, P = 0.002), reaching 50.00 % in 2021. Differences between groups were noted in previous infection history (χ² = 8.358, P = 0.004), overseas stay duration (χ² = 7.856, P = 0.049), and onset timing (W = 2991.000, P < 0.001). P. ovale spp. cases had longer intervals from symptom onset to first medical visit and diagnosis than P. falciparum cases. Initial diagnosis and species identification were less accurate for P. ovale spp. (62.99 % and 30.52 %) compared to P. falciparum (74.03 % and 93.51 %). The increase in infections can be attributed to repeated exposure, which heightens the risk of contracting P. ovale spp. during extended stays in endemic regions, as well as to insufficient treatment of hepatic hypnozoites. It underscores the need for Anhui Province's healthcare facilities to enhance their diagnostic and treatment capacities for P. ovale spp., particularly through more sensitive detection techniques.

{"title":"The rising proportion of Plasmodium ovale spp. in imported malaria in Anhui Province, China: A retrospective propensity score-matched case-control study","authors":"Tao Zhang , Xiaofeng Lyu , Xian Xu , Shuqi Wang , Jingjing Jiang , Zijian Liu , Qinshu Chu , Weidong Li , Duoquan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No autochthonous malaria cases have been reported in Anhui Province, China, since 2014. However, imported malaria remains a significant public health concern. Moreover, the proportion of reported imported malaria cases attributed to <em>Plasmodium ovale</em> spp. (<em>P. ovale</em> spp.) has risen to unexpectedly high levels. The factors contributing to this increase and its potential impact on the healthcare system remain unknown. A retrospective case-control study utilizing surveillance data from 2012 to 2023 was conducted to explore these issues. By comparing individuals infected with <em>P. ovale</em> spp. to those with <em>P. falciparum</em> and employing propensity score matching, the research assessed epidemiological and clinical data. Results indicated that the proportion of cases from <em>P. ovale</em> spp. increased significantly (χ² = 9.388, <em>P</em> = 0.002), reaching 50.00 % in 2021. Differences between groups were noted in previous infection history (χ² = 8.358, <em>P</em> = 0.004), overseas stay duration (χ² = 7.856, <em>P</em> = 0.049), and onset timing (W = 2991.000, <em>P</em> < 0.001). <em>P. ovale</em> spp. cases had longer intervals from symptom onset to first medical visit and diagnosis than <em>P. falciparum</em> cases. Initial diagnosis and species identification were less accurate for <em>P. ovale</em> spp. (62.99 % and 30.52 %) compared to <em>P. falciparum</em> (74.03 % and 93.51 %). The increase in infections can be attributed to repeated exposure, which heightens the risk of contracting <em>P. ovale</em> spp. during extended stays in endemic regions, as well as to insufficient treatment of hepatic hypnozoites. It underscores the need for Anhui Province's healthcare facilities to enhance their diagnostic and treatment capacities for <em>P. ovale</em> spp., particularly through more sensitive detection techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One health research to mitigate health burden of American trypanosomiasis in Mexico

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107567

Doireyner Daniel Velázquez-Ramírez , Héctor Ochoa-Díaz-López , Juan Garza-Ramos , José Ocampo-López-Escalera , Eduardo E. Espinoza-Medinilla , César A. Irecta-Nájera , Roberto Navarro-López , Iván Delgado-Enciso , Adalberto Á. Pérez de León , Mustapha Debboun

American trypanosomiasis (AT), or Chagas disease, is an ancient disease with an interesting history. Despite efforts to control AT, the global burden of this neglected vector-borne disease persists. More than six million people around the world are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), and about 75 million are at risk of infection in the Americas. Mexico is one of the countries most affected by AT with 4 million people at risk of infection with T. cruzi. Approximately 60 % of the accumulated confirmed cases occurred in the southeast region; however, an increase in the number of cases was observed in the northern states of the country in recent years. AT control efforts in Mexico focus on interrupting vector-borne disease transmission through integrated triatomine management and eliminating T. cruzi transmission through the congenital and blood transfusion routes. There is no specific prophylaxis beyond vector control. Research revealed the complexity of AT as a vector-borne disease system and its impact on the health of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, which calls for comprehensive responses focused on transdisciplinary and multisectoral collaboration. One Health (OH) is an unifying approach aiming to achieve optimal health outcomes among people, animals, and their shared environment, which we suggest can be applied in collaborative research to enhance our understanding of AT as a vector-borne disease system with diverse components across epidemiological landscapes. Suggested action to implement OH research is presented herein for sustainable surveillance and control efforts to mitigate the health burden of AT that affects disproportionately poorer rural and semi-rural sectors of the population in Mexico and other Latin American countries.

{"title":"One health research to mitigate health burden of American trypanosomiasis in Mexico","authors":"Doireyner Daniel Velázquez-Ramírez , Héctor Ochoa-Díaz-López , Juan Garza-Ramos , José Ocampo-López-Escalera , Eduardo E. Espinoza-Medinilla , César A. Irecta-Nájera , Roberto Navarro-López , Iván Delgado-Enciso , Adalberto Á. Pérez de León , Mustapha Debboun","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>American trypanosomiasis (AT), or Chagas disease, is an ancient disease with an interesting history. Despite efforts to control AT, the global burden of this neglected vector-borne disease persists. More than six million people around the world are infected with <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> (<em>T. cruzi</em>), and about 75 million are at risk of infection in the Americas. Mexico is one of the countries most affected by AT with 4 million people at risk of infection with <em>T. cruzi.</em> Approximately 60 % of the accumulated confirmed cases occurred in the southeast region; however, an increase in the number of cases was observed in the northern states of the country in recent years. AT control efforts in Mexico focus on interrupting vector-borne disease transmission through integrated triatomine management and eliminating <em>T. cruzi</em> transmission through the congenital and blood transfusion routes. There is no specific prophylaxis beyond vector control. Research revealed the complexity of AT as a vector-borne disease system and its impact on the health of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, which calls for comprehensive responses focused on transdisciplinary and multisectoral collaboration. One Health (OH) is an unifying approach aiming to achieve optimal health outcomes among people, animals, and their shared environment, which we suggest can be applied in collaborative research to enhance our understanding of AT as a vector-borne disease system with diverse components across epidemiological landscapes. Suggested action to implement OH research is presented herein for sustainable surveillance and control efforts to mitigate the health burden of AT that affects disproportionately poorer rural and semi-rural sectors of the population in Mexico and other Latin American countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence, risk factors, and regional insights of bovine fasciolosis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107570

Zhuo Lan , Yu-Xi Zhang , Ai-Hui Zhang , Yong-Yan Wang , Hong-Yu Qiu , Jun-Feng Gao , Guo-Feng Cheng , Hany Elsheikha , Chun-Ren Wang

Fasciolosis, a significant zoonotic disease with considerable economic and public health implications, presents a serious challenge to both animal husbandry and human health. Despite numerous reports on bovine fasciolosis, a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence and associated risk factors in China remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies examining the occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica in key ruminant species across China. Our review included 104 eligible articles. The meta-analysis revealed an overall pooled prevalence of bovine fasciolosis at 17 %. Among the two species, F. gigantica exhibited a higher infection rate (52.33 %) compared to F. hepatica (36.60 %). Geographical and environmental factors influenced disease distribution, with higher prevalence observed in Southwestern China and Chongqing, high altitude regions, during summer months, and in areas with BWk climate conditions. Temporal analysis indicated a higher prevalence in samples collected before 1978. Additionally, female ruminant and free-ranging groups showed increased susceptibility. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were identified based on bovine species and age, with ruminant aged older than 4 years being particularly at risk. Our findings highlight the widespread distribution of bovine fasciolosis across 23 provinces and autonomous regions in China. Efforts to prevent and control bovine fasciolosis, with a focus on vulnerable age groups and high-risk regions, will be crucial for advancing animal husbandry and contributing to broader societal and economic development.

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and regional insights of bovine fasciolosis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Zhuo Lan , Yu-Xi Zhang , Ai-Hui Zhang , Yong-Yan Wang , Hong-Yu Qiu , Jun-Feng Gao , Guo-Feng Cheng , Hany Elsheikha , Chun-Ren Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fasciolosis, a significant zoonotic disease with considerable economic and public health implications, presents a serious challenge to both animal husbandry and human health. Despite numerous reports on bovine fasciolosis, a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence and associated risk factors in China remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies examining the occurrence of <em>Fasciola hepatica</em> and <em>Fasciola gigantica</em> in key ruminant species across China. Our review included 104 eligible articles. The meta-analysis revealed an overall pooled prevalence of bovine fasciolosis at 17 %. Among the two species, <em>F. gigantica</em> exhibited a higher infection rate (52.33 %) compared to <em>F. hepatica</em> (36.60 %). Geographical and environmental factors influenced disease distribution, with higher prevalence observed in Southwestern China and Chongqing, high altitude regions, during summer months, and in areas with BWk climate conditions. Temporal analysis indicated a higher prevalence in samples collected before 1978. Additionally, female ruminant and free-ranging groups showed increased susceptibility. Significant differences (<em>P</em> < 0.05) were identified based on bovine species and age, with ruminant aged older than 4 years being particularly at risk. Our findings highlight the widespread distribution of bovine fasciolosis across 23 provinces and autonomous regions in China. Efforts to prevent and control bovine fasciolosis, with a focus on vulnerable age groups and high-risk regions, will be crucial for advancing animal husbandry and contributing to broader societal and economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A computational approach for MHC-restricted multi-epitope vaccine design targeting Oropouche virus structural proteins

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107575

Letícia Barbosa Silva , Laura Leone da Silva , Leonardo Pereira de Araújo , Evandro Neves Silva, Patrícia Paiva Corsetti, Leonardo Augusto de Almeida

In recent years, Brazil has recorded approximately 500,000 Oropouche virus (OROV) cases in the Amazon region, underscoring the growing global threat posed by emerging and reemerging viruses. Symptoms of OROV closely resemble those of Dengue virus and Zika virus, contributing to underreporting and underestimation of its true impact. In the absence of specific treatments, the development of vaccines becomes essential. This study aimed to identify immunogenic epitopes in three structural proteins of OROV and develop a multi-epitope vaccine candidate. RefSeq sequences of the nucleocapsid protein and the Gn and Gc glycoproteins were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus and submitted to epitope search in Immune Epitope Database. Antigenicity, allergenicity, stability, and toxicity analyses were conducted, and the approved epitopes were aligned to the global protein to remove transmembrane regions and N-glycosylation sites. Thirteen epitopes were selected and used to construct a multi-epitope vaccine candidate, with β-defensin and PADRE adjuvants. The protein demonstrated optimal antigenicity, low allergenicity, and satisfactory stability and solubility. Predictions of humoral and cellular immune responses were performed, indicating satisfactory results for three doses of the vaccine candidate. 3D modeling of the protein was performed, evaluating the molecular docking of the multi-epitope protein with TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-6, and TLR-8 receptors. Our findings present a promising vaccine candidate against OROV, potentially protecting immunocompromised individuals and high-risk populations, and establishing a foundation for both in vitro and in vivo testing. The identified epitopes could also aid in immunodiagnostic test development, advancing surveillance and control strategies.

{"title":"A computational approach for MHC-restricted multi-epitope vaccine design targeting Oropouche virus structural proteins","authors":"Letícia Barbosa Silva , Laura Leone da Silva , Leonardo Pereira de Araújo , Evandro Neves Silva, Patrícia Paiva Corsetti, Leonardo Augusto de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, Brazil has recorded approximately 500,000 <em>Oropouche virus</em> (OROV) cases in the Amazon region, underscoring the growing global threat posed by emerging and reemerging viruses. Symptoms of OROV closely resemble those of <em>Dengue virus</em> and <em>Zika virus</em>, contributing to underreporting and underestimation of its true impact. In the absence of specific treatments, the development of vaccines becomes essential. This study aimed to identify immunogenic epitopes in three structural proteins of OROV and develop a multi-epitope vaccine candidate. <em>RefSeq</em> sequences of the nucleocapsid protein and the Gn and Gc glycoproteins were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus and submitted to epitope search in Immune Epitope Database. Antigenicity, allergenicity, stability, and toxicity analyses were conducted, and the approved epitopes were aligned to the global protein to remove transmembrane regions and N-glycosylation sites. Thirteen epitopes were selected and used to construct a multi-epitope vaccine candidate, with β-defensin and PADRE adjuvants. The protein demonstrated optimal antigenicity, low allergenicity, and satisfactory stability and solubility. Predictions of humoral and cellular immune responses were performed, indicating satisfactory results for three doses of the vaccine candidate. 3D modeling of the protein was performed, evaluating the molecular docking of the multi-epitope protein with TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-6, and TLR-8 receptors. Our findings present a promising vaccine candidate against OROV, potentially protecting immunocompromised individuals and high-risk populations, and establishing a foundation for both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> testing. The identified epitopes could also aid in immunodiagnostic test development, advancing surveillance and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved antiparasitic effects of mebendazole using chitosan and zinc oxide nanocomposites for drug delivery in Trichinella spiralis infected mice during the muscular phase

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107565

Nabila M. Mira , Aya M. Henaish , Eman A. Moussa , Ibrahim B. Helal , Shaimaa M. Kasem

This study was performed to assess the use of chitosan (Cs) and zinc oxide nanocomposites ZnO NCP with full and half dose mebendazole (MBZ) during the muscular phases of Trichinella spiralis infection. Sixty Swiss Albino male mice were divided into six groups: G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control), G3 (MBZ at 200 mg/kg/day), G4 (Cs@MBZ NCP at 400 mg/kg/day), G5 ([email protected] NCP), and G6 ([email protected] NCP). Mice were infected orally with 200 T. spiralis larvae and received treatments starting on day 35 post-infection for five consecutive days. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by counting total muscular larvae, conducting blood biochemical measurements, and performing histopathological examinations of the liver and hip joint muscles. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results indicated that both [email protected] NCP and [email protected] NCP groups exhibited significant reductions in muscular larval counts (96.4 % and 96.1 %, respectively). Treated mice also showed reduced AST and ALT levels, increased total protein and albumin, and decreased globulin levels compared to positive controls. Cytokines levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and VEGF were lower in treated groups. Histopathological examination revealed that [email protected] and [email protected] NCP restored up to 90 % of normal tissue architecture. In conclusion, chitosan and zinc oxide nanocomposites enhanced the therapeutic ability of mebendazole against T. spiralis muscular stage as these nanocomposites had the highest effect on reducing parasite burden, improving blood biochemical, decreasing cytokines levels and restoring normal histological architecture.

{"title":"Improved antiparasitic effects of mebendazole using chitosan and zinc oxide nanocomposites for drug delivery in Trichinella spiralis infected mice during the muscular phase","authors":"Nabila M. Mira , Aya M. Henaish , Eman A. Moussa , Ibrahim B. Helal , Shaimaa M. Kasem","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was performed to assess the use of chitosan (Cs) and zinc oxide nanocomposites ZnO NCP with full and half dose mebendazole (MBZ) during the muscular phases of <em>Trichinella spiralis</em> infection. Sixty Swiss Albino male mice were divided into six groups: G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control), G3 (MBZ at 200 mg/kg/day), G4 (Cs@MBZ NCP at 400 mg/kg/day), G5 ([email protected] NCP), and G6 ([email protected] NCP). Mice were infected orally with 200 <em>T. spiralis</em> larvae and received treatments starting on day 35 post-infection for five consecutive days. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by counting total muscular larvae, conducting blood biochemical measurements, and performing histopathological examinations of the liver and hip joint muscles. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results indicated that both [email protected] NCP and [email protected] NCP groups exhibited significant reductions in muscular larval counts (96.4 % and 96.1 %, respectively). Treated mice also showed reduced AST and ALT levels, increased total protein and albumin, and decreased globulin levels compared to positive controls. Cytokines levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and VEGF were lower in treated groups. Histopathological examination revealed that [email protected] and [email protected] NCP restored up to 90 % of normal tissue architecture. In conclusion, chitosan and zinc oxide nanocomposites enhanced the therapeutic ability of mebendazole against <em>T. spiralis</em> muscular stage as these nanocomposites had the highest effect on reducing parasite burden, improving blood biochemical, decreasing cytokines levels and restoring normal histological architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the immunogenic potential of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing the ASP-2 and TC24 proteins from Trypanosoma cruzi

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107569

Guilherme Senna dos Santos , Bárbara da Rocha Fonseca , Fernanda Severo Sabedra Sousa , Fabiana Kommling Seixas , Sibele Borsuk

Although drugs have been employed over the past years to treat Chagas disease, they work mostly on the acute phase of infection, where diagnosis is hardly ever made, and present a plethora of negative side effects that ends in discontinuation of treatment. Consequently, to deal with this disease, prophylaxis seems to be a better strategy, with recombinant subunit vaccines showing promising results. Among those, Mycobaterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has recently been employed as vector for delivering T. cruzi antigens with positive results on immune response stimulus and protection against the infection. Following this perspective, this study aimed to characterize the immune response elicited by recombinant BCG expressing a fraction of the amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP-2) and the 24 kDa flagellar calcium-binding protein (TC24) of T. cruzi. To accomplish this, four groups of BALB/c female mice (n = 10) were vaccinated with 0.9% saline solution (Group 1), non-transformed BCG Pasteur (Group 2), rBCG/pUS977/ASP-2 (Group 3) or rBCG/pUS977/TC24 (Group 4). Cellular responses, assessed by cytokine expression from cultured and protein stimulated splenocytes, were statistically higher for both vaccinal formulations when compared with basal levels (Group 1) and non-transformed BCG (Group 2). Group 3 achieved better results for interleukins 10 and 17, while interferon γ was greatly stimulated by vaccination with Group 4. Even though further analyses are needed to evaluate the full efficacy of the constructions, the here presented results exhibit the potential of BCG vectored vaccines in eliciting Th1/Th2/Th17 mixed immune responses.

{"title":"Evaluation of the immunogenic potential of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing the ASP-2 and TC24 proteins from Trypanosoma cruzi","authors":"Guilherme Senna dos Santos , Bárbara da Rocha Fonseca , Fernanda Severo Sabedra Sousa , Fabiana Kommling Seixas , Sibele Borsuk","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although drugs have been employed over the past years to treat Chagas disease, they work mostly on the acute phase of infection, where diagnosis is hardly ever made, and present a plethora of negative side effects that ends in discontinuation of treatment. Consequently, to deal with this disease, prophylaxis seems to be a better strategy, with recombinant subunit vaccines showing promising results. Among those, <em>Mycobaterium bovis</em> Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has recently been employed as vector for delivering <em>T. cruzi</em> antigens with positive results on immune response stimulus and protection against the infection. Following this perspective, this study aimed to characterize the immune response elicited by recombinant BCG expressing a fraction of the amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP-2) and the 24 kDa flagellar calcium-binding protein (TC24) of <em>T. cruzi</em>. To accomplish this, four groups of BALB/c female mice (<em>n</em> = 10) were vaccinated with 0.9% saline solution (Group 1), non-transformed BCG Pasteur (Group 2), rBCG/pUS977/ASP-2 (Group 3) or rBCG/pUS977/TC24 (Group 4). Cellular responses, assessed by cytokine expression from cultured and protein stimulated splenocytes, were statistically higher for both vaccinal formulations when compared with basal levels (Group 1) and non-transformed BCG (Group 2). Group 3 achieved better results for interleukins 10 and 17, while interferon γ was greatly stimulated by vaccination with Group 4. Even though further analyses are needed to evaluate the full efficacy of the constructions, the here presented results exhibit the potential of BCG vectored vaccines in eliciting Th1/Th2/Th17 mixed immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Period of time and movement distances between feeding and postfeeding defecation in Triatoma pallidipennis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107563

Benjamín Nogueda-Torres , Fernando Cervantes-Hernández , Yunuen Grant-Guillén , J. Guadalupe Michel-Parra , José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra

Defecation time is one of the key parameters used to estimate the efficiency of a Triatomine species as a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi. There is controversy among experts as to whether triatomines that defecate 1–10 min after feeding are efficient vectors, with a different perspective on the distance moved from the host to defecate in the case of triatomines after feeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the period of time and movement distances between feeding and defecation of third-, fourth- and fifth- nymphal instars and adults of Triatoma pallidipennis specimens that defecated between 1 and 10 min and to estimate the distance where the host could still be in contact with deposited feces and potentially become infected with T. cruzi. Twelve drops of non-toxic coloring were deposited to simulate triatomine feces close (< 10 cm) to 20 dogs, and their movements were observed to estimate the chances of becoming “infected”. The mean postfeeding defecation delay was between 2 and 10 min in the five studied instars, with significantly (p = 0.03) longer times in the fourth-instar nymphs and males. The mean distance moved after feeding until defecation was ranged from 5.3 cm in third-instar nymphs to 19.6 cm in males, with significant differences (p < 0.01) only in males. All the studied dogs had accidental contact with at least three drops (mean of five drops) during their movements. Triatoma pallidipennis remains at its host for only a few seconds postfeeding; however, it defecates close enough to a host to expose it to its feces due to host movement. According to the results obtained, the delay should be complemented by the observation of distance moved to defecate to more accurately estimate the efficiency as a vector of T. cruzi of a triatomine species.

{"title":"Period of time and movement distances between feeding and postfeeding defecation in Triatoma pallidipennis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)","authors":"Benjamín Nogueda-Torres , Fernando Cervantes-Hernández , Yunuen Grant-Guillén , J. Guadalupe Michel-Parra , José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defecation time is one of the key parameters used to estimate the efficiency of a Triatomine species as a vector of <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>. There is controversy among experts as to whether triatomines that defecate 1–10 min after feeding are efficient vectors, with a different perspective on the distance moved from the host to defecate in the case of triatomines after feeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the period of time and movement distances between feeding and defecation of third-, fourth- and fifth- nymphal instars and adults of <em>Triatoma pallidipennis</em> specimens that defecated between 1 and 10 min and to estimate the distance where the host could still be in contact with deposited feces and potentially become infected with <em>T. cruzi</em>. Twelve drops of non-toxic coloring were deposited to simulate triatomine feces close (< 10 cm) to 20 dogs, and their movements were observed to estimate the chances of becoming “infected”. The mean postfeeding defecation delay was between 2 and 10 min in the five studied instars, with significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.03) longer times in the fourth-instar nymphs and males. The mean distance moved after feeding until defecation was ranged from 5.3 cm in third-instar nymphs to 19.6 cm in males, with significant differences (<em>p</em> < 0.01) only in males. All the studied dogs had accidental contact with at least three drops (mean of five drops) during their movements. <em>Triatoma pallidipennis</em> remains at its host for only a few seconds postfeeding; however, it defecates close enough to a host to expose it to its feces due to host movement. According to the results obtained, the delay should be complemented by the observation of distance moved to defecate to more accurately estimate the efficiency as a vector of <em>T. cruzi</em> of a triatomine species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The proteome of human adult whipworm Trichuris trichiura: A source of potential immunomodulatory molecules

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107566

Leonardo F. Santiago , Eduardo S. da Silva , Priscila S. dos Santos , Luis F. Salazar- Garcés , Sara P.O. Santos , Antônio M.S. Fernandes , Raphael C. Silva , Vitor S. Alves , Peter Briza , Fatima Ferreira , Luis G.C. Pacheco , Neuza M. Alcantara-Neves , Carina S. Pinheiro

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), including Trichuris trichiura, pose a major global health challenge, particularly in children, causing significant morbidity. However, T. trichiura's ability to modulate host immune responses offers a unique opportunity to discover biomolecules with therapeutic potential for inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune disorders. This study conducted a proteomic analysis of adult male and female T. trichiura using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), identifying 810 parasite proteins. Of these, 177 were exclusive to females, 277 to males, and 356 shared.

Gene ontology analysis showed similar cellular component profiles in males and females, mostly involving intracellular structures. However, female-exclusive proteins exhibited more diverse components. Molecular function analysis highlighted hydrolytic and catalytic activities, suggesting enzymatic strategies for nutrition and immune modulation. Notably, immunomodulatory proteins were identified in both sexes, showing therapeutic potential, including a Kunitz protease inhibitor and glutamate dehydrogenase.

To evaluate immunomodulatory properties, one identified protein (rc4299) was tested on cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic individuals. The recombinantly produced rc4299 increased IL-10 secretion, indicating potential for treating autoimmune and allergic diseases. This study uncovers the T. trichiura proteome and highlights promising therapeutic targets, emphasizing the parasite's complex interactions with the host immune system.

{"title":"The proteome of human adult whipworm Trichuris trichiura: A source of potential immunomodulatory molecules","authors":"Leonardo F. Santiago , Eduardo S. da Silva , Priscila S. dos Santos , Luis F. Salazar- Garcés , Sara P.O. Santos , Antônio M.S. Fernandes , Raphael C. Silva , Vitor S. Alves , Peter Briza , Fatima Ferreira , Luis G.C. Pacheco , Neuza M. Alcantara-Neves , Carina S. Pinheiro","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), including <em>Trichuris trichiura</em>, pose a major global health challenge, particularly in children, causing significant morbidity. However, <em>T. trichiura</em>'s ability to modulate host immune responses offers a unique opportunity to discover biomolecules with therapeutic potential for inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune disorders. This study conducted a proteomic analysis of adult male and female <em>T. trichiura</em> using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), identifying 810 parasite proteins. Of these, 177 were exclusive to females, 277 to males, and 356 shared.</div><div>Gene ontology analysis showed similar cellular component profiles in males and females, mostly involving intracellular structures. However, female-exclusive proteins exhibited more diverse components. Molecular function analysis highlighted hydrolytic and catalytic activities, suggesting enzymatic strategies for nutrition and immune modulation. Notably, immunomodulatory proteins were identified in both sexes, showing therapeutic potential, including a Kunitz protease inhibitor and glutamate dehydrogenase.</div><div>To evaluate immunomodulatory properties, one identified protein (rc4299) was tested on cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic individuals. The recombinantly produced rc4299 increased IL-10 secretion, indicating potential for treating autoimmune and allergic diseases. This study uncovers the <em>T. trichiura</em> proteome and highlights promising therapeutic targets, emphasizing the parasite's complex interactions with the host immune system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus glycoprotein B (EEHV-gB) subunit vaccines in a mouse model

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107571

Tidaratt Sittisak , Thunyamas Guntawang , Saralee Srivorakul , Kornravee Photichai , Anucha Muenthaisong , Amarin Rittipornlertrak , Varankpicha Kochagul , Naricha Khamluang , Nattawooti Sthitmatee , Phongsakorn Chuammitri , Chatchote Thitaram , Wei-Li Hsu , Kidsadagon Pringproa

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), a persistent threat, has caused significant mortality among young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), raising serious concerns for the conservation of this endangered species. Given the urgent need for protective measures, research into EEHV vaccine development has become increasingly critical. This study evaluated the immune response in mice following immunization with an EEHV1A-glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine. The vaccine incorporated gBF1 and gBF2, corresponding to segments of the gB ectodomains I and IV, respectively, along with emulsion adjuvants Montanide™ ISA 206 VG and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The findings revealed that both gBF1 and gBF2, when paired with these adjuvants, were capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses against EEHV-gB, as demonstrated by the ability of sera from immunized mice to detect EEHV-gB ex vivo. Additionally, in terms of cellular immunity, the vaccine formulations predominantly activated CD4+ T cells, including both Th1 (IFN-γ+) and Th2 (IL-4+) cells, with no significant activation of CD8+ T cells. If also applicable in elephants, gB-based vaccines would be a significant step forward in the fight against EEHV.

{"title":"Evaluation of the immunogenicity of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus glycoprotein B (EEHV-gB) subunit vaccines in a mouse model","authors":"Tidaratt Sittisak , Thunyamas Guntawang , Saralee Srivorakul , Kornravee Photichai , Anucha Muenthaisong , Amarin Rittipornlertrak , Varankpicha Kochagul , Naricha Khamluang , Nattawooti Sthitmatee , Phongsakorn Chuammitri , Chatchote Thitaram , Wei-Li Hsu , Kidsadagon Pringproa","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), a persistent threat, has caused significant mortality among young Asian elephants (<em>Elephas maximus</em>), raising serious concerns for the conservation of this endangered species. Given the urgent need for protective measures, research into EEHV vaccine development has become increasingly critical. This study evaluated the immune response in mice following immunization with an EEHV1A-glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine. The vaccine incorporated gBF1 and gBF2, corresponding to segments of the gB ectodomains I and IV, respectively, along with emulsion adjuvants Montanide™ ISA 206 VG and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The findings revealed that both gBF1 and gBF2, when paired with these adjuvants, were capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses against EEHV-gB, as demonstrated by the ability of sera from immunized mice to detect EEHV-gB <em>ex vivo</em>. Additionally, in terms of cellular immunity, the vaccine formulations predominantly activated CD4+ T cells, including both Th1 (IFN-γ+) and Th2 (IL-4+) cells, with no significant activation of CD8+ T cells. If also applicable in elephants, gB-based vaccines would be a significant step forward in the fight against EEHV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential impact of climate change on Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus transmission in Eurasia

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107574

Banchob Sripa , Natalia Yurlova , Apiporn T. Suwannatrai , Elena Serbina , Sirikachorn Tangkawattana , Somphou Sayasone , Pariwate Varnakovida

Human liver flukes of the family Opisthorchiidae, particularly Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus, are major foodborne trematode parasites endemic to the Lower Mekong River Basin (Southeast Asia) and the Ob-Irtysh Basins (southern Western Siberia, Russian Federation), respectively. Together, these parasites infect over 14 million people, with an estimated 300 million at risk. Their transmission cycles involve Bithynia snails and Cyprinidae fish as first and second intermediate hosts, respectively, with humans and other fish-eating mammals serving as definitive hosts. The geographical distribution of these flukes is shaped by specific Bithynia species: B. siamensis, B. s. goniomphalos, and B. funiculata for O. viverrini, and B. troschelii, B. leachi, and B. inflata for O. felineus. Climate change directly influences liver fluke transmission by affecting parasite survival, host biology, and environmental conditions. Bithynia snails are highly temperature-sensitive, and O. viverrini transmission is notably temperature-dependent, with a 1 °C increase raising infection odds by 5.4 %. Temperatures exceeding 30 °C reduce cercarial survival and infectivity. In Western Siberia, favorable water temperatures for O. felineus transmission start at +15 °C, with higher temperatures leading to an increased infection rate in snails while permafrost regions lack Bithynia snails entirely. Projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that warming will exceed the global average in northern Asia (affecting O. felineus) and approach the global average in Southeast Asia (impacting O. viverrini). These trends suggest that climate change may have a more pronounced impact on O. felineus transmission in Siberia than on O. viverrini transmission in Southeast Asia. This review provides an in-depth discussion of Bithynia biology and the effects of temperature on snail growth, cercarial release, survival, infection, and aestivation, emphasizing how global warming could influence the transmission dynamics of these liver flukes.

{"title":"Potential impact of climate change on Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus transmission in Eurasia","authors":"Banchob Sripa , Natalia Yurlova , Apiporn T. Suwannatrai , Elena Serbina , Sirikachorn Tangkawattana , Somphou Sayasone , Pariwate Varnakovida","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human liver flukes of the family Opisthorchiidae, particularly <em>Opisthorchis viverrini</em> and <em>Opisthorchis felineus</em>, are major foodborne trematode parasites endemic to the Lower Mekong River Basin (Southeast Asia) and the Ob-Irtysh Basins (southern Western Siberia, Russian Federation), respectively. Together, these parasites infect over 14 million people, with an estimated 300 million at risk. Their transmission cycles involve <em>Bithynia</em> snails and Cyprinidae fish as first and second intermediate hosts, respectively, with humans and other fish-eating mammals serving as definitive hosts. The geographical distribution of these flukes is shaped by specific <em>Bithynia</em> species: <em>B. siamensis, B.</em> s<em>. goniomphalos</em>, and <em>B. funiculata</em> for <em>O. viverrini</em>, and <em>B. troschelii, B. leachi</em>, and <em>B. inflata</em> for <em>O. felineus</em>. Climate change directly influences liver fluke transmission by affecting parasite survival, host biology, and environmental conditions. <em>Bithynia</em> snails are highly temperature-sensitive, and <em>O. viverrini</em> transmission is notably temperature-dependent, with a 1 °C increase raising infection odds by 5.4 %. Temperatures exceeding 30 °C reduce cercarial survival and infectivity. In Western Siberia, favorable water temperatures for O. felineus transmission start at +15 °C, with higher temperatures leading to an increased infection rate in snails while permafrost regions lack <em>Bithynia</em> snails entirely. Projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that warming will exceed the global average in northern Asia (affecting <em>O. felineus</em>) and approach the global average in Southeast Asia (impacting <em>O. viverrini</em>). These trends suggest that climate change may have a more pronounced impact on <em>O. felineus</em> transmission in Siberia than on <em>O. viverrini</em> transmission in Southeast Asia. This review provides an in-depth discussion of <em>Bithynia</em> biology and the effects of temperature on snail growth, cercarial release, survival, infection, and aestivation, emphasizing how global warming could influence the transmission dynamics of these liver flukes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0