Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107527
Graciela Colunga-Ramírez , M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo , Kálmán Molnár , Csaba Székely , Boglárka Sellyei , Gábor Cech
The biodiversity of freshwater fishes is extensive in Mexico; however, knowledge of their associated myxozoan parasites is limited. This study aimed to recognize myxozoan parasites in the endemic fish Mayaheros urophthalmus. Two new species, Myxobolus mayarum n. sp. and Kudoa mayarum n. sp. were described from M. urophthalmus collected in the Celestún Coastal Lagoon and Baldiosera Freshwater Spring from the Yucatán Peninsula. Myxobolus mayarum n. sp. was found in 100 % of the examined fish, infecting the gills, kidney, pectoral fins, and spleen. The spores were round, 11.34 ± 0.67 μm length, 10.03 ± 0.44 μm width, and 7.22 ± 0.45 μm thickness. The polar capsules were pyriform and equal in size, 3.85 ± 0.29 μm length and 2.27 ± 0.20 μm width. The polar tubule 30.71 ± 2.10 μm long and coiled 5–6 times. Kudoa mayarum n. sp. was found in 30 % of fish, infecting the heart, oesophagus, and stomach. The spores were subspherical, 5.40 ± 0.40 μm length and 5.76 ± 0.37 μm width. The polar capsules were ellipsoidal and equal in size, 1.90 ± 0.27 μm length and 1.46 ± 0.20 μm width. The phylogenetic analyses based on the small and large subunits ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) sequences demonstrated that these two species are distinct from other published myxozoans, providing evidence to support the description of two new species. This study constitutes the first record of myxozoans from the Yucatán Peninsula, contributing to increase the knowledge about the biodiversity of myxozoans in neotropical regions.
墨西哥淡水鱼的生物多样性很广泛；然而，对其相关黏液寄生虫的了解是有限的。本研究旨在鉴定特有鱼尾眼马氏粘虫寄生虫。本文报道了Yucatán半岛Celestún海岸泻湖和Baldiosera淡水泉采集的urophthalmus中Myxobolusmayarum n. sp和Kudoamayarum n. sp两个新种。在所有被检查的鱼中都发现了粘菌，感染了鳃、肾脏、胸鳍和脾脏。孢子呈圆形，长11.34±0.67 μm，宽10.03±0.44 μm，厚7.22±0.45 μm。极性胶囊呈梨形，大小相等，长3.85±0.29 μm，宽2.27±0.20 μm。极管长度为30.71±2.10 μm，卷曲5-6次。在30%的鱼类中发现了Kudoamayarum，可感染心脏、食道和胃。孢子为近球形，长5.40±0.40 μm，宽5.76±0.37 μm。极性胶囊呈椭圆形，大小相等，长1.90±0.27 μm，宽1.46±0.20 μm。基于小、大亚基核糖体DNA （18S rDNA和28S rDNA）序列的系统发育分析表明，这两个物种与其他已发表的黏液动物不同，为这两个新种的描述提供了证据。本研究首次记录了Yucatán半岛的黏液动物，有助于增加对新热带地区黏液动物多样性的认识。
{"title":"Two new myxozoan parasites, Myxobolus mayarum n. sp. and Kudoa mayarum n. sp., infecting the neotropical fish Mayan Cichlid, Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther, 1862) in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico","authors":"Graciela Colunga-Ramírez , M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo , Kálmán Molnár , Csaba Székely , Boglárka Sellyei , Gábor Cech","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biodiversity of freshwater fishes is extensive in Mexico; however, knowledge of their associated myxozoan parasites is limited. This study aimed to recognize myxozoan parasites in the endemic fish <em>Mayaheros urophthalmus</em>. Two new species, <em>Myxobolus mayarum</em> n. sp. and <em>Kudoa mayarum</em> n. sp. were described from <em>M. urophthalmus</em> collected in the Celestún Coastal Lagoon and Baldiosera Freshwater Spring from the Yucatán Peninsula. <em>Myxobolus mayarum</em> n. sp. was found in 100 % of the examined fish, infecting the gills, kidney, pectoral fins, and spleen. The spores were round, 11.34 ± 0.67 μm length, 10.03 ± 0.44 μm width, and 7.22 ± 0.45 μm thickness. The polar capsules were pyriform and equal in size, 3.85 ± 0.29 μm length and 2.27 ± 0.20 μm width. The polar tubule 30.71 ± 2.10 μm long and coiled 5–6 times. <em>Kudoa mayarum</em> n. sp. was found in 30 % of fish, infecting the heart, oesophagus, and stomach. The spores were subspherical, 5.40 ± 0.40 μm length and 5.76 ± 0.37 μm width. The polar capsules were ellipsoidal and equal in size, 1.90 ± 0.27 μm length and 1.46 ± 0.20 μm width. The phylogenetic analyses based on the small and large subunits ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) sequences demonstrated that these two species are distinct from other published myxozoans, providing evidence to support the description of two new species. This study constitutes the first record of myxozoans from the Yucatán Peninsula, contributing to increase the knowledge about the biodiversity of myxozoans in neotropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 107527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107540
Lucía M. Campero , Ignacio Gual , Valeria A. Sander , Luisa F. Mendoza Morales , Victor A. Ramos Duarte , Paula M. Formigo , Emiliano Sosa , Fermín Lázaro , María Valeria Scioli , Agustín Atela , Ariel Legarralde , Federico A. Hozbor , Germán J. Cantón , Sergio O. Angel , Dadín P. Moore , Marina Clemente
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a principal concern for public health and livestock industries. Effective vaccination strategies are crucial for controlling toxoplasmosis, particularly in the lamb, which are significant reservoirs of T. gondii. In addition, ovine toxoplasmosis also causes economic losses due to abortions and reproductive complications. In this study, we evaluated two immunization strategies to elucidate the immune protective potential of T. gondi major surface protein SAG1 fused to the plant heat shock proteins 90-kDa (pHsp90) adjuvant against experimental toxoplasmosis in lambs. We performed an oral administration of fresh leaves homogenate infiltrated with a B- and T-cell antigenic epitope-containing surface protein SAG1 (SAG1HC) fused to Arabidopsis thaliana Hsp90 (AtHsp81.2-SAG1HC) (Plant Vaccine) and a subcutaneous administration of recombinant SAG1HC fused to Nicotiana benthamiana Hsp90 (NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC) produced in Escherichia coli (Recombinant Vaccine). Our results showed that only the Recombinant Vaccine significantly increased anti-rSAG1 total IgG values (∼ 4-fold more than the Vehicle and Control groups). In addition, only lambs immunized with the Plant Vaccine showed a significant increase (∼ 3-fold more than the Vehicle and Control groups) in IFN-γ serum levels after the experimental infection (evaluated 8 days post-challenge). On the other hand, we also observed a statistically significant decrease (∼ 80 % less) in histopathological lesions (injury score) in challenged vaccinated lambs compared to challenged but not vaccinated animals (Vehicle and Control groups). Previously, we showed that the chimera recombinant Gra4-Gra7 protein is an acute marker of human infection. Since Gra4-Gra7 is not connected to the SAG1 immunogen, this chimera allows us to monitor infection in challenged lambs early. All lambs from the Control and Vehicle groups showed higher rates of serological reactivity than lambs from the vaccinated groups, concurrently with increased severity of lesions. These results suggest that the Plant-based and Recombinant Vaccines are promising candidates for controlling T. gondii infection in lambs, with potential benefits for enhancing public health and animal welfare.
{"title":"Immunization with plant-based vaccine expressing Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 fused to plant HSP90 elicits protective immune response in lambs","authors":"Lucía M. Campero , Ignacio Gual , Valeria A. Sander , Luisa F. Mendoza Morales , Victor A. Ramos Duarte , Paula M. Formigo , Emiliano Sosa , Fermín Lázaro , María Valeria Scioli , Agustín Atela , Ariel Legarralde , Federico A. Hozbor , Germán J. Cantón , Sergio O. Angel , Dadín P. Moore , Marina Clemente","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is a protozoan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a principal concern for public health and livestock industries. Effective vaccination strategies are crucial for controlling toxoplasmosis, particularly in the lamb, which are significant reservoirs of <em>T. gondii</em>. In addition, ovine toxoplasmosis also causes economic losses due to abortions and reproductive complications. In this study, we evaluated two immunization strategies to elucidate the immune protective potential of <em>T. gondi</em> major surface protein SAG1 fused to the plant heat shock proteins 90-kDa (pHsp90) adjuvant against experimental toxoplasmosis in lambs. We performed an oral administration of fresh leaves homogenate infiltrated with a B- and T-cell antigenic epitope-containing surface protein SAG1 (SAG1HC) fused to <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> Hsp90 (AtHsp81.2-SAG1HC) (Plant Vaccine) and a subcutaneous administration of recombinant SAG1HC fused to <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> Hsp90 (NbHsp90.3-SAG1HC) produced in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Recombinant Vaccine). Our results showed that only the Recombinant Vaccine significantly increased anti-rSAG1 total IgG values (∼ 4-fold more than the Vehicle and Control groups). In addition, only lambs immunized with the Plant Vaccine showed a significant increase (∼ 3-fold more than the Vehicle and Control groups) in IFN-γ serum levels after the experimental infection (evaluated 8 days post-challenge). On the other hand, we also observed a statistically significant decrease (∼ 80 % less) in histopathological lesions (injury score) in challenged vaccinated lambs compared to challenged but not vaccinated animals (Vehicle and Control groups). Previously, we showed that the chimera recombinant Gra4-Gra7 protein is an acute marker of human infection. Since Gra4-Gra7 is not connected to the SAG1 immunogen, this chimera allows us to monitor infection in challenged lambs early. All lambs from the Control and Vehicle groups showed higher rates of serological reactivity than lambs from the vaccinated groups, concurrently with increased severity of lesions. These results suggest that the Plant-based and Recombinant Vaccines are promising candidates for controlling <em>T. gondii</em> infection in lambs, with potential benefits for enhancing public health and animal welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 107540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107533
Meenu Kalkal, Jyoti Das
B lymphocytes are essential components of the humoral immune response and categorized into various subsets according to specific surface markers, functions, and developmental stages. Each subset of B cells plays a distinct role in the immune response, contributing to the overall effectiveness of the immune system. In this study, we investigated the modulation of different splenic subsets of B cells during Plasmodium yoelii infection. Balb/c mice infected with each Plasmodium yoelii XL and Plasmodium yoelii XNL parasite were used for phenotypic characterization of splenic B cell subsets through flow-cytometry. Our findings indicate that both lethal and non-lethal infections of Plasmodium yoelii result in significant alterations within the B cell compartment of the spleen in Balb/c mice during malaria infection. Notably, a differential expansion of immature B cell subsets T1 and T2 was noticed. A continuous reduction in frequency of both subsets (T1 and T2) during infection with lethal parasite while an increase in these subsets during the recovery from infection with non-lethal parasite was observed. Further, the frequencies of mature B cell subsets, follicular B cells and marginal zone B cells, were reduced during lethal infection which may be leading to susceptibility. Whereas non-lethal parasite infection resulted in increased frequency of follicular B cells in spleen which indicates towards establishment of germinal centre for generation of long-term immunity/resistance to infection. This differential expansion of splenic B cell subsets reflects the distinct characteristics of lethal and non-lethal parasite. Overall, these findings illustrate the potential role of B cells in resistance/susceptibility during malaria infection and further enhance our understanding of the B cell mediated immunological aspects of Plasmodium infection.
{"title":"Differential B cell mediated immune response during Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice","authors":"Meenu Kalkal, Jyoti Das","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>B lymphocytes are essential components of the humoral immune response and categorized into various subsets according to specific surface markers, functions, and developmental stages. Each subset of B cells plays a distinct role in the immune response, contributing to the overall effectiveness of the immune system. In this study, we investigated the modulation of different splenic subsets of B cells during <em>Plasmodium yoelii</em> infection. Balb/c mice infected with each <em>Plasmodium yoelii</em> XL and <em>Plasmodium yoelii</em> XNL parasite were used for phenotypic characterization of splenic B cell subsets through flow-cytometry. Our findings indicate that both lethal and non-lethal infections of <em>Plasmodium yoelii</em> result in significant alterations within the B cell compartment of the spleen in Balb/c mice during malaria infection. Notably, a differential expansion of immature B cell subsets T1 and T2 was noticed. A continuous reduction in frequency of both subsets (T1 and T2) during infection with lethal parasite while an increase in these subsets during the recovery from infection with non-lethal parasite was observed. Further, the frequencies of mature B cell subsets, follicular B cells and marginal zone B cells, were reduced during lethal infection which may be leading to susceptibility. Whereas non-lethal parasite infection resulted in increased frequency of follicular B cells in spleen which indicates towards establishment of germinal centre for generation of long-term immunity/resistance to infection. This differential expansion of splenic B cell subsets reflects the distinct characteristics of lethal and non-lethal parasite. Overall, these findings illustrate the potential role of B cells in resistance/susceptibility during malaria infection and further enhance our understanding of the B cell mediated immunological aspects of <em>Plasmodium</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107536
Mackenzie L. Kwak , Abigail Ng , Ryo Nakao
Companion animals are major reservoirs of zoonotic parasites and pathogens. Among these, ticks and tick-borne pathogens are of particular concern. Efforts to study the zoonotic risks associated with companion animals in Singapore have been hampered by a poor understanding of the ticks of local dogs and cats. To address this knowledge gap, ticks from companion animals were collected as part of Singapore's first nation-wide tick surveillance program beginning in 2018. Under the program, a total of 362 ticks were collected from dogs and one cat. These represented three tick genera and five species: Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Haemaphysalis papuana, Rhipicephalus linnaei, and Dermacentor auratus. The most dominant species within companion animal-tick communities in Singapore were H. bispinosa and R. linnaei. The species diversity and health risks associated with companion animal ticks in Singapore are discussed.
{"title":"Nation-wide surveillance of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on dogs and cats in Singapore","authors":"Mackenzie L. Kwak , Abigail Ng , Ryo Nakao","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Companion animals are major reservoirs of zoonotic parasites and pathogens. Among these, ticks and tick-borne pathogens are of particular concern. Efforts to study the zoonotic risks associated with companion animals in Singapore have been hampered by a poor understanding of the ticks of local dogs and cats. To address this knowledge gap, ticks from companion animals were collected as part of Singapore's first nation-wide tick surveillance program beginning in 2018. Under the program, a total of 362 ticks were collected from dogs and one cat. These represented three tick genera and five species: <em>Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis hystricis, Haemaphysalis papuana, Rhipicephalus linnaei,</em> and <em>Dermacentor auratus</em>. The most dominant species within companion animal-tick communities in Singapore were <em>H. bispinosa</em> and <em>R. linnaei</em>. The species diversity and health risks associated with companion animal ticks in Singapore are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107532
Jialing Wang , Pengtao Li , Yuqian Li , Chunsheng Wang , Kulaixi Xilizhati , Jianrong Ye
Echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease, significantly impacts the liver, with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) often leading to liver fibrosis and, in severe cases, cirrhosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which AE infection promotes liver fibrosis remain incompletely understood. This study utilized bioinformatic analysis of existing microarray data to explore the shared mechanisms between AE and liver fibrosis and to identify potential therapeutic drug candidates. We analyzed gene expression datasets to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by enrichment analyses using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases to determine biological functions and pathways. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and key hub genes were identified using Cytoscape software. Immune cell infiltration was evaluated and correlated with hub gene expression. Transcription factors regulating DEGs were predicted using the TRRUST database, and drug-target interactions were explored using DrugBank. A total of 260 DEGs were identified, primarily associated with cell cycle regulation and immune response pathways. Ten hub genes (DLGAP5, AURKA, MELK, CCNB2, CCNA2, NUF2, BUB1B, BUB1, TOP2A, and CCNB1) were highlighted for their significant interconnectivity and functional relevance. Immune infiltration analysis revealed dysregulation in immune responses, and transcription factor analysis identified E2F3 as a key regulatory factor with decreased expression in both AE and liver fibrosis. Finally, 135 candidate drugs targeting these hub genes were identified, offering new insights into therapeutic strategies. This study provides a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AE-related liver fibrosis and highlights potential drug candidates for clinical exploration.
{"title":"Exploring the mechanism and drug candidates of alveolar echinococcosis affecting liver fibrosis through analysis of existing microarray data","authors":"Jialing Wang , Pengtao Li , Yuqian Li , Chunsheng Wang , Kulaixi Xilizhati , Jianrong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease, significantly impacts the liver, with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) often leading to liver fibrosis and, in severe cases, cirrhosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which AE infection promotes liver fibrosis remain incompletely understood. This study utilized bioinformatic analysis of existing microarray data to explore the shared mechanisms between AE and liver fibrosis and to identify potential therapeutic drug candidates. We analyzed gene expression datasets to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by enrichment analyses using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases to determine biological functions and pathways. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and key hub genes were identified using Cytoscape software. Immune cell infiltration was evaluated and correlated with hub gene expression. Transcription factors regulating DEGs were predicted using the TRRUST database, and drug-target interactions were explored using DrugBank. A total of 260 DEGs were identified, primarily associated with cell cycle regulation and immune response pathways. Ten hub genes (DLGAP5, AURKA, MELK, CCNB2, CCNA2, NUF2, BUB1B, BUB1, TOP2A, and CCNB1) were highlighted for their significant interconnectivity and functional relevance. Immune infiltration analysis revealed dysregulation in immune responses, and transcription factor analysis identified E2F3 as a key regulatory factor with decreased expression in both AE and liver fibrosis. Finally, 135 candidate drugs targeting these hub genes were identified, offering new insights into therapeutic strategies. This study provides a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AE-related liver fibrosis and highlights potential drug candidates for clinical exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 107532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107488
K. Mayta , G. Sotil , J.D. Chero
A new species of Henneguya Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) infecting the internal region of the stomach of the Peruvian morwong Chirodactylus variegatus (Valenciennes, 1833) (Centrarchiformes: Latridae), an economically important fish in Peruvian artisanal fishery, is described. Morphologically, Henneguya chirodactyli n. sp. differs from all its congeners due to the combination of myxospore dimensions, polar filament coil count, and an external envelope in the spore body. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences places this new species as sister to H. lagunensis de Azevedo, Negrelli, de Oliveira, Abdallah, Camara, Matos and Vieira, 2021. Furthermore, this species is located in a clade composed of 12 species of Henneguya and one of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882, all of which infect marine fish. We emphasize that this is the first study performed with an integrative approach, including morphological (external), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular descriptions, of a Henneguya species from a Peruvian marine environment.
描述了一新种，1892年（粘孢子目：双valvalvulida：粘虫科）侵染秘鲁瓦朗西涅（valcienes, 1833）的胃内区域（Centrarchiformes: Latridae），秘鲁手工渔业中的一种重要经济鱼类。在形态学上，Henneguya chirodactyli n. sp.不同于其所有同系物，这是由于粘孢子尺寸、极性丝圈数和孢子体外部包膜的结合。基于18S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明，该新种是H. lagunensis de Azevedo, Negrelli, de Oliveira, Abdallah, Camara， Matos和Vieira， 2021的姊妹种。此外，该物种位于由12种Henneguya和1种Myxobolus b tschli， 1882组成的分支中，所有这些都感染海鱼。我们强调，这是首次采用综合方法进行的研究，包括形态学（外部），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和来自秘鲁海洋环境的Henneguya物种的分子描述。
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Henneguya chirodactyli n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea), a parasite of the Peruvian morwong Chirodactylus variegatus (Valenciennes, 1833) (Centrarchiformes: Latridae)","authors":"K. Mayta , G. Sotil , J.D. Chero","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new species of <em>Henneguya</em> Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) infecting the internal region of the stomach of the Peruvian morwong <em>Chirodactylus variegatus</em> (Valenciennes, 1833) (Centrarchiformes: Latridae), an economically important fish in Peruvian artisanal fishery, is described. Morphologically, <em>Henneguya chirodactyli</em> n. sp. differs from all its congeners due to the combination of myxospore dimensions, polar filament coil count, and an external envelope in the spore body. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences places this new species as sister to <em>H. lagunensis</em> de Azevedo, Negrelli, de Oliveira, Abdallah, Camara, Matos and Vieira, 2021. Furthermore, this species is located in a clade composed of 12 species of <em>Henneguya</em> and one of <em>Myxobolus</em> Bütschli, 1882, all of which infect marine fish. We emphasize that this is the first study performed with an integrative approach, including morphological (external), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular descriptions, of a <em>Henneguya</em> species from a Peruvian marine environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 107488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107509
Hamid Alizadeh , Can Muftuoğlu , Zeph Nelson Omondi , Ufuk Mert , Milad Asadi , Ahmet Ozbilgin , Ayse Caner
Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. major/ L. tropica are the main clinical forms of this disease, which are life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated properly. Considering the problems in sampling and laboratory diagnosis of leishmaniasis, new molecular markers such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) are needed. circRNAs, a novel class of RNAs, have been one of the most promising targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Although the therapeutic and diagnostic role of circRNAs in many diseases and some parasitic diseases are known, not much research has been done in the field of leishmaniasis. We determined the gene expressions of circRNAs in human leukemia monocytic (THP-1) cells after infection with Leishmania. For this, the human cell line THP-1 was differentiated into macrophages by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment. Differentiated THP-1 cells were infected with L. infantum and L. tropica promastigotes. After 24 hours, expression levels of circRNAs were determined by RT-qPCR technique. Also, the microRNAs associated with differentially expressed circRNAs were investigated. Then, the molecular pathways associated with expressed circRNAs were obtained by GO and Reactome. The results showed that five circRNAs were differentially expressed in THP1 macrophages infected with L. infantum and L. tropica. These findings suggest that some circRNAs may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis in Leishmania-infected patients. The enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed circRNAs are mainly involved in the regulation of protein stability, RNA catabolic process, and P53/PTK6 signaling mechanism. This is the first study to report an overview of Leishmania-induced circRNAs, which can be potential biomarker candidate for diagnosis especially at species level. Notably, expression of some circRNAs in supernatant of Leishmania infected macrophages suggests that these genes are available in body fluids, therefore, can easily be accessed from the patient without invasive methods especially during treatment monitoring.
{"title":"Circular RNAs as a new perspective in the diagnosis and mechanism of Leishmania infections","authors":"Hamid Alizadeh , Can Muftuoğlu , Zeph Nelson Omondi , Ufuk Mert , Milad Asadi , Ahmet Ozbilgin , Ayse Caner","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by <em>Leishmania infantum</em> and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by <em>L. major</em>/ <em>L. tropica</em> are the main clinical forms of this disease, which are life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated properly. Considering the problems in sampling and laboratory diagnosis of leishmaniasis, new molecular markers such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) are needed. circRNAs, a novel class of RNAs, have been one of the most promising targets for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Although the therapeutic and diagnostic role of circRNAs in many diseases and some parasitic diseases are known, not much research has been done in the field of leishmaniasis. We determined the gene expressions of circRNAs in human leukemia monocytic (THP-1) cells after infection with <em>Leishmania</em>. For this, the human cell line THP-1 was differentiated into macrophages by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment. Differentiated THP-1 cells were infected with <em>L. infantum and L. tropica</em> promastigotes. After 24 hours, expression levels of circRNAs were determined by RT-qPCR technique. Also, the microRNAs associated with differentially expressed circRNAs were investigated. Then, the molecular pathways associated with expressed circRNAs were obtained by GO and Reactome. The results showed that five circRNAs were differentially expressed in THP1 macrophages infected with <em>L. infantum</em> and <em>L. tropica</em>. These findings suggest that some circRNAs may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis in <em>Leishmania</em>-infected patients. The enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed circRNAs are mainly involved in the regulation of protein stability, RNA catabolic process, and P53/PTK6 signaling mechanism. This is the first study to report an overview of <em>Leishmania</em>-induced circRNAs, which can be potential biomarker candidate for diagnosis especially at species level. Notably, expression of some circRNAs in supernatant of <em>Leishmania</em> infected macrophages suggests that these genes are available in body fluids, therefore, can easily be accessed from the patient without invasive methods especially during treatment monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 107509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107518
Edvane Borges da Silva , Sloana Giesta Lemos Florêncio , Ademir Amaral , Maria Alice Varjal de Melo-Santos
This study characterizes the Aedes aegypti population from Fernando de Noronha Island, Pernambuco, Brazil, prior to implementing the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). The main objective was to assess changes in glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity, previously linked to cypermethrin resistance in this population, in 2010. GST activity was measured in both male and female mosquitoes, masse produced in lab, after exposure to ionizing radiation. The populational evaluation after six years showed a complete susceptibility to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, although GST activity remained altered, increasing furthermore following irradiation (50 % higher in irradiated males and 31 % higher in irradiated females compared to non-irradiated controls). This stress response to gamma radiation suggesting implications for the effectiveness and viability of sterile males, particularly when SIT is combined with chemical insecticides. These findings enhance our understanding of radiation's impact on metabolic responses of the sterile males and provide valuable insights for refining integrated control strategies in vector management programs.
在实施昆虫不育技术（SIT）之前，本研究对巴西伯南布哥省Fernando de Noronha岛的埃及伊蚊种群进行了特征分析。主要目的是评估谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GST）酶活性的变化，此前该酶活性与2010年该人群的氯氰菊酯抗性有关。在暴露于电离辐射后，在实验室大量生产的雄性和雌性蚊子中测量了GST活性。6年后的种群评估显示，尽管GST活性仍然改变，但对氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯完全敏感，辐照后GST活性进一步增加（与未辐照对照相比，辐照雄鼠高50%，辐照雌鼠高31%）。这种对伽马辐射的应激反应暗示了不育雄性的有效性和生存能力，特别是当SIT与化学杀虫剂结合使用时。这些发现增强了我们对辐射对不育雄虫代谢反应的影响的认识，并为改进病媒管理方案的综合控制策略提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Assessing radiation-induced enzyme activation in Aedes aegypti: Potential challenges for SIT-based vector management","authors":"Edvane Borges da Silva , Sloana Giesta Lemos Florêncio , Ademir Amaral , Maria Alice Varjal de Melo-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study characterizes the <em>Aedes aegypti</em> population from Fernando de Noronha Island, Pernambuco, Brazil, prior to implementing the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). The main objective was to assess changes in glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity, previously linked to cypermethrin resistance in this population, in 2010. GST activity was measured in both male and female mosquitoes, masse produced in lab, after exposure to ionizing radiation. The populational evaluation after six years showed a complete susceptibility to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, although GST activity remained altered, increasing furthermore following irradiation (50 % higher in irradiated males and 31 % higher in irradiated females compared to non-irradiated controls). This stress response to gamma radiation suggesting implications for the effectiveness and viability of sterile males, particularly when SIT is combined with chemical insecticides. These findings enhance our understanding of radiation's impact on metabolic responses of the sterile males and provide valuable insights for refining integrated control strategies in vector management programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 107518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107498
Denise Andrade Colito , Antton Xabier Pinto Linaza , Katherine García-Livia , Edgar Baz-González , Natalia Martin-Carrillo , Hailton Spencer Da costa Lima , Roberto Dorta-Guerra , Pilar Foronda
Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the leading causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cape Verde, available data on human infections caused by Cryptosporidium spp. are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyze the molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cape Verde. Stool samples were obtained from patients on the Santiago and Sal islands (Cape Verde); 10/105 (9.5 % CI: 4.7; 16.8) from the Santiago Island and 4/85 (4.7 % CI: 1.3; 11.6) from the Sal Island presented Cryptosporidium sp., and were analyzed by nested-PCR of the SSU rRNA gene and nested-PCR of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene for subtyping. Two species, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium felis, were identified. In Santiago Island, only C. hominis was detected, while both species were found in Sal Island. Cryptosporidium hominis IfA 14G1R5 subtype was identified in children from Santiago and Sal. Although the consumption of non-bottled water is a risk factor for infection by Cryptosporidium spp. on Santiago Island, none of the factors analysed (age, gender, clinical symptoms, source of drinking water, presence of animals at home, attending kindergarten or school, and having a bathroom at home) were significantly related to the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Sal Island. Cryptosporidium hominis is the most commonly identified species associated with cryptosporidiosis in the studied population, indicating a predominance of anthroponotic transmission. This study provides the first data on C. hominis subtyping in Cape Verde and the first report of C. felis in humans from this region, demonstrating the possibility of zoonotic transmission. The obtained results highlight the need for further molecular and epidemiological studies of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in human and animals from Cape Verde, in order to investigate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis and develop effective control strategies to prevent the spread of the disease.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in symptomatic children from Cape Verde.","authors":"Denise Andrade Colito , Antton Xabier Pinto Linaza , Katherine García-Livia , Edgar Baz-González , Natalia Martin-Carrillo , Hailton Spencer Da costa Lima , Roberto Dorta-Guerra , Pilar Foronda","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the leading causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cape Verde, available data on human infections caused by <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyze the molecular epidemiology of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in Cape Verde. Stool samples were obtained from patients on the Santiago and Sal islands (Cape Verde); 10/105 (9.5 % CI: 4.7; 16.8) from the Santiago Island and 4/85 (4.7 % CI: 1.3; 11.6) from the Sal Island presented <em>Cryptosporidium</em> sp.<em>,</em> and were analyzed by nested-PCR of the SSU rRNA gene and nested-PCR of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene for subtyping. Two species, <em>Cryptosporidium hominis</em> and <em>Cryptosporidium felis</em>, were identified. In Santiago Island, only <em>C. hominis</em> was detected, while both species were found in Sal Island. <em>Cryptosporidium hominis</em> IfA 14G1R5 subtype was identified in children from Santiago and Sal. Although the consumption of non-bottled water is a risk factor for infection by <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. on Santiago Island, none of the factors analysed (age, gender, clinical symptoms, source of drinking water, presence of animals at home, attending kindergarten or school, and having a bathroom at home) were significantly related to the presence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in Sal Island. <em>Cryptosporidium hominis</em> is the most commonly identified species associated with cryptosporidiosis in the studied population, indicating a predominance of anthroponotic transmission. This study provides the first data on <em>C. hominis</em> subtyping in Cape Verde and the first report of <em>C. felis</em> in humans from this region, demonstrating the possibility of zoonotic transmission. The obtained results highlight the need for further molecular and epidemiological studies of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. infections in human and animals from Cape Verde, in order to investigate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis and develop effective control strategies to prevent the spread of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 107498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and opisthorchiasis, caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection, frequently co-exist in Northeast Thailand. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet combined with O. viverrini infection on MASLD. Four groups each of ten male golden hamsters were established: normal controls (NC), O. viverrini-infected (OV), HFF-fed, and HFF-fed plus O. viverrini infection (HFF+OV). After four months of treatment, histopathological study indicated substantial hepatic damage in groups given the HFF diet. In particular, the HFF+OV group demonstrated marked lipid-droplet accumulation, hepatocyte ballooning, inflammatory-cell clustering, and widespread fibrosis. Biochemical tests indicated that the HFF+OV group had the highest concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides, but cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels had increased in both HFF groups. Increased expression of Tgf-β1 and α-SMA, indicative of greater fibrosis, was demonstrated by picrosirius-red staining in the HFF+OV group. There was a significant increase in levels of inflammatory markers (HMGB-1, p65, and F4/80) and expression of genes related to the synthesis of fatty acids and glucose. FTIR microspectroscopy revealed distinct changes in fatty acids and proteins, associated with the more pronounced histopathology and impaired liver function in the HFF+OV group. The findings indicate that the interplay of a HFF diet and O. viverrini infection aggravates the progression of MASLD by augmenting liver damage, inflammation, fibrogenesis, and metabolic dysfunction. This study highlights the significance of incorporating both nutritional and infection factors into the management of liver disorders, especially in areas where opisthorchiasis is common.
{"title":"High-fat/high-fructose diet and Opisthorchis viverrini infection promote metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via inflammation, fibrogenesis, and metabolic dysfunction","authors":"Lakhanawan Charoensuk , Phonpilas Thongpon , Chutima Sitthirach , Apisit Chaidee , Kitti Intuyod , Chawalit Pairojkul , Ei Htet Htet Khin , Chanakan Jantawong , Kanjana Thumanu , Porntip Pinlaor , Nuttanan Hongsrichan , Somchai Pinlaor","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and opisthorchiasis, caused by <em>Opisthorchis viverrini</em> (<em>O. viverrini</em>) infection, frequently co-exist in Northeast Thailand. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet combined with <em>O. viverrini</em> infection on MASLD. Four groups each of ten male golden hamsters were established: normal controls (NC), <em>O. viverrini</em>-infected (OV), HFF-fed, and HFF-fed plus <em>O. viverrini</em> infection (HFF+OV). After four months of treatment, histopathological study indicated substantial hepatic damage in groups given the HFF diet. In particular, the HFF+OV group demonstrated marked lipid-droplet accumulation, hepatocyte ballooning, inflammatory-cell clustering, and widespread fibrosis. Biochemical tests indicated that the HFF+OV group had the highest concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides, but cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels had increased in both HFF groups. Increased expression of <em>Tgf-β1</em> and α-SMA, indicative of greater fibrosis, was demonstrated by picrosirius-red staining in the HFF+OV group. There was a significant increase in levels of inflammatory markers (HMGB-1, p65, and F4/80) and expression of genes related to the synthesis of fatty acids and glucose. FTIR microspectroscopy revealed distinct changes in fatty acids and proteins, associated with the more pronounced histopathology and impaired liver function in the HFF+OV group. The findings indicate that the interplay of a HFF diet and <em>O. viverrini</em> infection aggravates the progression of MASLD by augmenting liver damage, inflammation, fibrogenesis, and metabolic dysfunction. This study highlights the significance of incorporating both nutritional and infection factors into the management of liver disorders, especially in areas where opisthorchiasis is common.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 107491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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