Acta tropica最新文献_第3页

Effect of artesunate and artemether against Opisthorchis felineus in rodent model 青蒿琥酯和蒿甲醚对啮齿动物豚鼠模型的影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107966

Maria Lvova , Irina Orlovskaya , Elena Goiman , Denis Ponomarev , Mikhail Tsyganov , Galina Minkova , Alexander Dushkin , Damira Avgustinovich

A comparative in vivo assessment of the artemisinin derivatives artesunate and artemether (150 and 300 mg/kg) and praziquantel (400 mg/kg) was conducted in a hamster model of opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis felineus. Physiological, biochemical, and hematological parameters, including complete blood counts and peripheral blood cell composition, were evaluated in all experimental groups. The animals were infected with 100 metacercariae of O. felineus and 1.5 months post-infection received a single oral dose of the tested compounds. Food consumption was monitored before the experiment ended, after which worm burdens were quantified. The mean infestation intensity in hamsters was 41.9 ± 1.75 worms per animal. Artesunate and artemether produced mean worm burden reductions of 60% and 58% at 150 mg/kg and 84.5% and 82% at 300 mg/kg, respectively (p < 0.001). Artesunate showed statistically significant efficacy, and artemether demonstrated a trend-level effect, both exceeding that of praziquantel (65%). Unlike praziquantel, these compounds normalized alanine aminotransferase activity, which may suggest an absence of hepatotoxicity. Administration of artesunate and artemether at both doses normalized platelet, eosinophil, and basophil counts in infected animals. The results indicate that artemisinin derivatives may serve as promising alternatives for the treatment of O. felineus opisthorchiasis and warrant further preclinical and clinical evaluation.

对青蒿素衍生物青蒿琥酯和蒿甲醚（150和300 mg/kg）和吡喹酮（400 mg/kg）在猫腹蛇致鼠胸虫模型中进行了体内比较评价。对所有实验组的生理、生化和血液学参数，包括全血细胞计数和外周血细胞组成进行评估。这些动物感染了100只猫绒囊蚴，感染后1.5个月接受单次口服试验化合物。实验结束前监测食物消耗情况，实验结束后对线虫负荷进行量化。仓鼠平均侵染强度为41.9±1.75只/只。青蒿琥酯和蒿甲醚在150 mg/kg和300 mg/kg剂量下分别使线虫平均负担减少60%和58%，84.5%和82% （p < 0.001）。青蒿琥酯的疗效有统计学意义，蒿甲醚的疗效有趋势水平，均超过吡喹酮（65%）。与吡喹酮不同，这些化合物使丙氨酸转氨酶活性正常化，这可能表明没有肝毒性。给药两种剂量的青蒿琥酯和蒿甲醚使感染动物的血小板、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞计数正常。结果表明，青蒿素衍生物可作为治疗蛇胸弓形虫病的有希望的替代药物，值得进一步的临床前和临床评估。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges to malaria vaccine availability and successful implementation of malaria vaccine program in Africa 非洲疟疾疫苗供应面临的挑战和疟疾疫苗方案的成功实施。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107959

Rotimi J. Ojo , Yusuff D. Igbayilola , Gideon A. Gyebi

The approval of malaria vaccines was a significant milestone towards malaria eradication in Africa which bear the major burden of the disease. Ensuring availability and access to these vaccines across Africa however, presents complex challenges that limit their immediate impact. This review looks at the main obstacles to malaria vaccine availability and successful implementation of malaria vaccine program in Africa using academic and health databases. Supply constraints appear to be the major factor, as the current manufacturing capacity was insufficient to meet the high demand across endemic regions in Africa. Moreover, vaccine coverage in Africa is also impacted by limited national health budget that pose constraints to acquire, transport, store and conduct immunization activities. Lack of confidence in healthcare system, misinformation and conspiracy theory about vaccine efficacy and safety frequently propagated through social networks, community and religious leaders greatly affect public confidence about vaccine in societies where past experiences with Western-led health initiatives have led many to question new interventions. Programmatic and logistical hurdles, such as cold chain requirements and multiple-dose schedules further complicate delivery in remote area while shortages in skilled health workers and weak pharmacovigilance systems limit programme effectiveness. Finally, inequities in allocation risk leaving high-burden but resource-constrained regions underserved. Addressing these challenges require coordinated global and regional action, including scaling up manufacturing capacity, continuous research to enhance vaccine effectiveness, stable funding for production and distribution, strengthening health systems and fostering community trust to ensure that the potential of malaria vaccines to eliminate malaria from Africa is achieved.

疟疾疫苗的批准是在非洲消灭疟疾的一个重要里程碑，非洲承受着疟疾的主要负担。然而，确保这些疫苗在整个非洲的可得性和可及性带来了复杂的挑战，限制了它们的直接影响。本综述利用学术和卫生数据库研究了非洲疟疾疫苗可获得性和成功实施疟疾疫苗规划的主要障碍。供应限制似乎是主要因素，因为目前的制造能力不足以满足非洲流行区域的高需求。此外，非洲的疫苗覆盖面也受到国家卫生预算有限的影响，这对获取、运输、储存和开展免疫活动造成了限制。对卫生保健系统缺乏信心，关于疫苗有效性和安全性的错误信息和阴谋论经常通过社会网络、社区和宗教领袖传播，极大地影响了社会中公众对疫苗的信心，在这些社会中，过去西方主导的卫生行动的经验导致许多人质疑新的干预措施。规划和后勤方面的障碍，如冷链要求和多剂量时间表，进一步使偏远地区的递送复杂化，而熟练卫生工作者的短缺和薄弱的药物警戒系统限制了规划的有效性。最后，分配方面的不公平可能会使负担沉重但资源有限的地区得不到充分服务。应对这些挑战需要采取协调一致的全球和区域行动，包括扩大制造能力、持续研究以提高疫苗有效性、为生产和分销提供稳定资金、加强卫生系统和促进社区信任，以确保实现疟疾疫苗在非洲消灭疟疾的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiological profile, parasitological study and molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis cases in children and adolescents in Algeria 阿尔及利亚儿童和青少年囊性包虫病病例的流行病学概况、寄生虫学研究和分子特征

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107957

Meryem Benmarce , AbdElkarim Laatamna , Jenny Knapp , Laurence Millon , Alicja Jasinska , Elise Roy , Assia Haif

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a major public health problem in North African countries, including Algeria. The epidemiology of Human CE is poorly documented in Algeria. The present study is a retrospective survey investigating the epidemiological situation of this neglected disease in children and adolescents from Algeria and revealing its serious impact. Between 2020 and 2023, epidemiological data were collected on CE 92 cases from children and adolescents diagnosed in the pediatric surgery department of the Mother and Child Hospital, University Hospital of Setif, province of Setif, Algeria. Clinical profile of these CE cases and fertility assessment and molecular characterization of hydatid cysts surgically removed from patients were also reported in this study. Overall, CE cases were slightly more prevalent in children aged from three to nine years (P = 0.677; X² = 0.174). The number of CE cases recorded in males was statistically higher than in females (P = 0.007; X² = 7.348). Most of CE patients originated from rural areas compared to urban areas (P = 0.001; X² = 23.000). The lung localization of hydatid cysts was predominant compared to liver localization. The microscopic examination of collected hydatid cysts showed a fertility rate of 53.04%. PCR and sequence analysis of a partial fragment of the 12 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from 44 cysts revealed the presence of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Cystic echinococcosis continues to be a serious health problem in Algerian children. Therefore, further investigations are needed to better understand its epidemiology, particularly with regard of parasite transmission dynamics to humans, and develop long-term preventive measures to control this important parasitic disease in Algeria.

人类囊性包虫病（CE）是包括阿尔及利亚在内的北非国家的一个主要公共卫生问题。阿尔及利亚人类CE的流行病学文献很少。本研究是一项回顾性调查，调查了阿尔及利亚儿童和青少年中这种被忽视疾病的流行病学情况，并揭示了其严重影响。在2020年至2023年期间，收集了在阿尔及利亚塞提夫省塞提夫大学医院妇幼医院儿科外科诊断的92例儿童和青少年CE病例的流行病学数据。本研究还报道了这些CE病例的临床概况以及手术切除的包虫囊肿的生育能力评估和分子特征。总体而言，CE病例在3 ~ 9岁儿童中更为普遍（P = 0.677;X2=0.174）。男性CE病例数明显高于女性（P = 0.007;X2=7.348）。与城市地区相比，大多数CE患者来自农村地区（P = 0.001;X2= 23.000）。与肝脏定位相比，肺定位是主要的包虫囊肿。镜检所得包囊受精率为53.04%。对44个包囊中12个小亚基核糖体RNA基因的部分片段进行PCR和序列分析，发现存在严格感细粒棘球绦虫。囊性包虫病仍然是阿尔及利亚儿童的一个严重健康问题。因此，需要进一步调查，以更好地了解其流行病学，特别是寄生虫向人类传播的动态，并制定长期预防措施，以控制阿尔及利亚这一重要的寄生虫病。

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引用次数: 0

Co-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Leishmania donovani affects the antiparasitic immunity of RAW264.7 macrophages via the NOD-like receptor pathway in vitro 铜绿假单胞菌和多诺瓦利什曼原虫联合感染RAW264.7巨噬细胞通过nod样受体途径体外抗寄生虫免疫。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107964

Zheying Zhu , Dali Chen , Yuying Xiao , Yanqin Zhao , Xing Luo , Xianguang Guo , Shumei Zhen , Jinlei He

Leishmania infections often involve co-infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common commensal in the sand fly vector of leishmaniasis, can be co-transmitted alongside Leishmania during blood feeding. However, its role in modulating Leishmania infection remains unclear. This study used an in vitro co-infection model and transcriptome sequencing to investigate the interaction between L. donovani and P. aeruginosa co-infection in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Co-infection enhances L. donovani invasion of macrophage and simultaneously promotes both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, as evidenced by significant upregulation of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α), macrophage markers (CD80, CD86, Arg1 and CD206) and MHC class I and II molecules (H2-M3, H2-T24, H2-AB1 and H2-EB1). Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes in immune-related pathways, particularly the NOD-like receptor pathway. To further explore mechanisms by which co-infection affects anti-Leishmania immunity, hub genes and proteins in the NOD-like receptor pathway were validated via qPCR and Western blot. qPCR results indicated significant upregulation of Nod2 and Ccl2 in co-infected versus Leishmania-infection macrophages at 12 h, with c-Jun and JunB showing increasing trends. Western blot confirmed significant upregulation of p-p38, p-ERK, p-JNK, and RIPK2 proteins in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway at 12 h. However, the co-infection of heat-killed P. aeruginosa or P. aeruginosa culture supernatant with Leishmania parasites did not significantly affect MHC molecules and the NOD-like receptor pathway in macrophages. These findings highlight the complex immunoregulatory mechanisms underlying co-infection and suggest potential therapeutic targets for leishmaniasis treatment.

利什曼原虫感染通常包括合并感染。铜绿假单胞菌是利什曼病沙蝇媒介中的一种常见共生菌，可在吸血过程中与利什曼原虫共同传播。然而，它在调节利什曼原虫感染中的作用仍不清楚。本研究通过体外共感染模型和转录组测序研究了L. donovani和P. aeruginosa在小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞中共感染的相互作用。联合感染增强了L. donovani对巨噬细胞的侵袭，同时促进了促炎和抗炎反应，其表现为细胞因子（IL-4、IL-10、IL-1β和TNF-α）、巨噬细胞标志物（CD80、CD86、Arg1和CD206）和MHC I类和II类分子（H2-M3、H2-T24、H2-AB1和H2-EB1）显著上调。转录组分析显示免疫相关通路中差异表达基因的富集，特别是nod样受体通路。为了进一步探索合并感染影响抗利什曼原虫免疫的机制，我们通过qPCR和Western blot验证了nod样受体通路中的枢纽基因和蛋白。qPCR结果显示，共感染与利什曼感染巨噬细胞中Nod2和Ccl2在12h时显著上调，其中c-Jun和JunB呈上升趋势。Western blot证实nod样受体信号通路中p-p38、p-ERK、p-JNK和RIPK2蛋白在12h时显著上调。然而，热灭活铜绿假单胞菌或铜绿假单胞菌培养上清与利什曼原虫共感染对巨噬细胞的MHC分子和nod样受体途径没有显著影响。这些发现强调了合并感染的复杂免疫调节机制，并提出了利什曼病治疗的潜在治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Burden of malaria in young adults in Niger: A prospective study in a military setting 尼日尔青年疟疾负担：一项军事背景下的前瞻性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107958

Yacoudima YM. Aminou , Bello Hamidou , Médard Djedanem , Hamidou Lazoumar Ramatoulaye , Wazodan A. Moustapha , Jean Testa , Ronan Jambou

In Niger, malaria remains a major public health issue and cause of economic loss, but its impact on young adults remains poorly documented. Although this population is central to the country's development, it is rarely studied. Our study aims to fill this gap by assessing the burden of malaria in three cohorts of military recruits monitored in different training centers in Niger, a population representative of urban youth.

A prospective cohort study was conducted from September to December 2023 in three military health centers. Participants (aged 17–55) had free access to care. All consultations were recorded; any episode of fever resulted in a rapid test and a brief interview. Treatments and hospitalizations were also recorded.

A total of 2840 recruits were monitored during two 17-day periods (median age: 27 years; 91.5 % male). The 3193 consultations recorded showed a predominance of respiratory infections in Zinder and digestive disorders in Agadez. Among the 353 confirmed cases of malaria (prevalence 11 %), Niamey had the highest attack rate. Among the patients, 74.5 % were anemic, 44 % were hospitalized, and 55.8 % were temporarily unfit for duty. Grade had a clear influence on preventive knowledge, despite 82 % of respondents reporting that they used mosquito nets.

The study estimates that nearly 2000 workdays are lost annually by these young adults, which could be represents 12 millions of days for the whole country, highlighting the need for an integrated and equitable control strategy.

在尼日尔，疟疾仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题，也是造成经济损失的原因，但它对年轻人的影响却鲜有记录。尽管这一人口是国家发展的核心，但很少有人对其进行研究。我们的研究旨在通过评估尼日尔不同训练中心监测的三组新兵的疟疾负担来填补这一空白，尼日尔是城市青年的人口代表。一项前瞻性队列研究于2023年9月至12月在三个军事卫生中心进行。参与者（17-55岁）可以免费获得护理。所有的咨询都被记录下来；任何发烧的发作都会导致快速检查和简短的面谈。还记录了治疗和住院情况。共有2840名新兵在两个为期17天的时间段内接受监测（年龄中位数：27岁，91.5%为男性）。记录在案的3 193次问诊显示，津德尔主要是呼吸道感染，阿加德兹主要是消化系统疾病。在353例确诊疟疾病例中（发病率11%），尼亚美的发病率最高。其中，74.5%的患者贫血，44%的患者住院，55.8%的患者暂时不能上班。年级对预防知识有明显的影响，尽管82%的答复者报告说他们使用蚊帐。该研究估计，这些年轻人每年损失近2000个工作日，相当于全国损失1200万个工作日，这凸显了制定综合和公平控制战略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Do we have a match? Calculating the potential for integrating neglected tropical disease control programmes for sustainable public health policy 我们有匹配的吗？计算将被忽视的热带病控制规划纳入可持续公共卫生政策的潜力。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107965

Jo Widdicombe , Mahbod Entezami , Victor Del Rio Vilas , Frederick TA. Freeth , Natalia Martinez Muñoz , Daniel Horton , Olaa Mohamed-Ahmed , Katherine Pond , Sean Shadomy , Rachel Tidman , Nisha Tucker , Ryan Wallace , Martha Betson , Joaquín M. Prada

Background

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) disproportionately affect the poorest populations. To meet the 2030 World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap targets, integrated and cross-cutting approaches are recommended to streamline programmatic operations across NTDs. Integration is not a new concept. But given recent policy shifts, disruptions to programmes and funding constraints, it is increasingly important. We consider integration as opportunities for coordination or collaboration across NTDs. Research is needed to identify the criteria and requirements necessary for successful programme integration, assess barriers, and determine the relative importance of each criterion to identify potential disease pairings.

Methods

We applied Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodologies to gather expert and stakeholder insights on integrated control programmes for NTDs. During a facilitated workshop, participants discussed their interpretations of the terms ‘programmatic integration’ and ‘cross-cutting’ in relation to integrating NTDs programmes. 11 criteria for integration were identified and weighed by participants. Using WHO Roadmap baseline values, pairwise disease combinations were assessed by multiplying criterion weightings with disease scores, generating a priority matrix.

Results

Workshop participants weighted community engagement and common vectors and transmission routes as the most important of the criteria. Three disease combinations with the highest potential for integration were identified, Dengue and Chikungunya, Taeniasis & Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis, and Trachoma and Lymphatic Filariasis.

Conclusions

The workshop outcomes provide valuable insights into key factors for integrating NTD control programmes and highlight potential disease pairings for further exploration. While some disease matches were expected, others were less obvious. The highest-scoring combinations should now be further evaluated for integration potential.

背景：被忽视的热带病（NTDs）对最贫困人口的影响尤为严重。为实现2030年世界卫生组织（世卫组织）路线图目标，建议采取综合和跨领域的办法，以精简各被忽视热带病的规划业务。整合并不是一个新概念。但鉴于最近的政策转变、规划中断和资金限制，它变得越来越重要。我们认为整合是跨被忽视热带病协调或合作的机会。需要进行研究，以确定成功整合规划所需的标准和要求，评估障碍，并确定每项标准对确定潜在疾病配对的相对重要性。方法：我们应用多标准决策分析（MCDA）方法收集专家和利益相关者对被忽视热带病综合控制规划的见解。在一个便利的讲习班上，与会者讨论了他们对与综合被忽视热带病规划有关的“规划综合”和“交叉”术语的解释。参与者确定并权衡了11个整合标准。使用世卫组织路线图基线值，通过将标准权重与疾病评分相乘来评估两两疾病组合，生成优先矩阵。结果：研讨会参与者将社区参与和常见媒介和传播途径视为最重要的标准。确定了三种整合潜力最大的疾病组合，即登革热和基孔肯雅热、带绦虫病、囊虫病和棘球蚴病，以及沙眼和淋巴丝虫病。结论：研讨会成果为整合NTD控制规划的关键因素提供了有价值的见解，并突出了潜在的疾病配对，供进一步探索。虽然有些疾病符合预期，但其他疾病则不那么明显。现在应该进一步评估得分最高的组合的集成潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A decade apart: stability in wing morphology of brazilian mosquitoes 相隔十年：巴西蚊子翅膀形态的稳定性。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107962

Emili Bortolon dos Santos , Mario Arthur Favretto , Mario Antônio Navarro-Silva

Phenotypic variation is a key factor in how organisms adapt to their environments, with important consequences for disease vector dynamics. In mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), such variation can influence vectorial capacity, potentially altering the spread of pathogens. This study investigated whether wing size and shape of two potential vector species, Anopheles cruzii and Psorophora ferox, exhibited temporal variation over a decade in a preserved Atlantic Forest area in southern Brazil. Using geometric morphometrics on 80 female specimens per species (40 from 2005 to 40 from 2014 to 2015), we found no significant differences in wing shape or size between the two sampling periods. However, we did observe high intra-annual variability within each year, suggesting seasonal phenotypic plasticity rather than long-term shifts. These findings highlight the remarkable stability of mosquito populations in conserved environments over long timescales, even while seasonal changes continue to drive short-term phenotypic fluctuations. Understanding these dynamics is essential for refining vector surveillance and control strategies in diverse habitats.

表型变异是生物体如何适应环境的关键因素，对病媒动力学具有重要影响。在蚊子（双翅目：库蚊科）中，这种变异可以影响媒介能力，可能改变病原体的传播。本研究调查了巴西南部大西洋森林保护区克氏按蚊（Anopheles cruzii）和黄颡鱼（Psorophora ferox）两种潜在媒介物种的翅膀大小和形状在10多年间的时间变化。通过对每个物种80个雌性标本（2005年40个，2014-2015年40个）的几何形态测量，我们发现两个采样期间翅膀的形状和大小没有显著差异。然而，我们确实观察到每年都有很高的年内变异性，这表明季节性表型可塑性而不是长期变化。这些发现强调了在长时间尺度上，即使季节变化继续推动短期表型波动，在保守环境中蚊子种群的显着稳定性。了解这些动态对于改进不同栖息地的病媒监测和控制策略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infections Missed by Microscopy and HRP2-Based RDTs in the Dominican Republic 多米尼加共和国恶性疟原虫镜检和hrp2 - rdt漏诊的分子检测

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107956

Claudia Cabrera Federo , Francisco Cuevas , Ana Margarida Gonçalves , Bruno Freitas , Isaac Miguel , Vitoria Baptista , Mariagiulia Conte , Ana Santos-Pereira , Edita Aquino , Mildre Disla , Akemi Tabata , Nuno S. Osório , Modesto Cruz , Maria Isabel Veiga

Malaria elimination in the Dominican Republic is both a public health and economic priority. With low incidence rates and the potential to interrupt transmission in the near future, the country has been included in the WHO E2025 elimination initiative. At this critical stage, highly sensitive diagnostics are essential to detect all infections, particularly in low-transmission settings where undetected cases can sustain transmission and jeopardize elimination efforts.

This study assessed the prevalence of low-density Plasmodium infections that escape detection by both HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and microscopy in the Dominican Republic. A total of 1095 suspected malaria cases, initially classified as negative by HRP2-based RDTs and microscopy, were re-examined. Nucleic acids were extracted from used RDT cassettes and screened for Plasmodium spp. using real-time PCR. For samples testing positive for P. falciparum, pfhrp2 gene deletion analysis was subsequently performed.

Results showed that nucleic acid extraction from RDT cassette was successful in 969/1095 (88.5%) samples and P. falciparum DNA was detected in 18/969 (1.9%). Notably, 16.7% (3/18) of these PCR-positive samples carried pfhrp2 deletions, which undermine HRP2-based RDT performance.

These findings underscore the need to strengthen diagnostic strategies to sustain and accelerate malaria elimination efforts in the Dominican Republic.

在多米尼加共和国，消除疟疾既是公共卫生的优先事项，也是经济的优先事项。由于发病率低，且有可能在不久的将来阻断传播，该国已被列入世卫组织E2025消除行动。在这一关键阶段，高度敏感的诊断对于发现所有感染至关重要，特别是在低传播环境中，未被发现的病例可能持续传播并危及消除努力。本研究评估了多米尼加共和国无法通过基于hrp2的快速诊断测试（RDTs）和显微镜检测到的低密度疟原虫感染的流行情况。重新检查了1095例疑似疟疾病例，这些病例最初被基于hrp2的rdt和显微镜诊断为阴性。从使用过的RDT卡带中提取核酸，用实时荧光定量PCR技术筛选疟原虫。对于恶性疟原虫检测呈阳性的样本，随后进行pfhrp2基因缺失分析。结果RDT盒核酸提取成功969/ 1095份（88.5%），检出恶性疟原虫DNA 18/969份（1.9%）。值得注意的是，16.7%（3/18）的pcr阳性样本携带pfhrp2缺失，这破坏了基于hrp2的RDT性能。这些发现强调需要加强诊断战略，以维持和加速多米尼加共和国消除疟疾的努力。

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引用次数: 0

EBV and CMV DNAemia across surgical, nephrological and neurological cohorts EBV和CMV dna血症在外科、肾病和神经学队列中的研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107953

Adnan A. Mubaraki , Abdullah S. Alqahtani , Anas A. Alshamrani , Hussain R. Barnawi , Mohammed M. Algethami , Mohammed A Alabdalli , Ahmed N. Alghamdi , Naifa Alenazi , Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are common herpesviruses implicated in various diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of EBV and CMV DNAemia across diverse medical conditions, including neurological disorders.

Methods

This study comprised a retrospective cohort including 2463 patients with various medical conditions screened for either CMV (n = 2090) or EBV (n = 373) using quantitative PCR (qPCR) between 2020 and 2024. Additionally, it also included prospective cohort of 119 patients with diverse neurological disorders who were screened for CMV and EBV by qPCR. Data was analyzed to assess EBV and CMV DNAemia and associations with demographic and clinical factors.

Results

EBV DNAemia was detected in 57/373 patients (15.3 %), significantly associated with age (p = 0.032) and clinical category (p < 0.001). Highest positivity was observed in surgical patients (46.9 %) and children <12 years (31.6 %). Viral loads were predominantly low to moderate, with high-level DNAemia in 28.1 % of cases. CMV DNAemia was found in 239/2090 patients (11.4 %), clustered by clinical category (p < 0.001), with highest absolute numbers among “Other” (55.2 %) and nephrology patients (30.5 %). Low-level CMV DNAemia predominated (70 %), high-level replication was rare (4.5 %), and age or sex were not significant predictors. In the neurological cohort, EBV or CMV was detected in 7/119 cases (5.9 %), all low-level, with no significant associations with age, sex, or diagnosis.

Conclusion

EBV and CMV infections were infrequent but showed selective distribution in certain clinical subgroups, particularly paediatric, surgical, and nephrology patients. Limited evidence of EBV/CMV involvement was observed in specific neurological disorders.

背景：eb病毒（EBV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）是常见的疱疹病毒，与多种疾病有关。本研究旨在评估EBV和CMV dna血症在不同医疗条件下的患病率，包括神经系统疾病。方法：本研究包括一个回顾性队列，包括2,463名患有各种疾病的患者，在2020年至2024年期间使用定量PCR （qPCR）筛查CMV （n=2,090）或EBV （n=373）。此外，该研究还纳入了119例不同神经系统疾病患者的前瞻性队列，这些患者通过qPCR筛查巨细胞病毒和EBV。分析数据以评估EBV和CMV dna血症及其与人口统计学和临床因素的关系。结果：373例患者中有57例（15.3%）检出EBV DNAemia，与年龄（p = 0.032）、临床分型（p < 0.001）相关。结论：EBV和巨细胞病毒感染并不常见，但在某些临床亚组中有选择性分布，特别是儿科、外科和肾脏病患者。在特定的神经系统疾病中观察到EBV/CMV参与的有限证据。

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引用次数: 0

Pathogen assessment of Galapagos landbirds reveals novel herpesviruses and adenoviruses 对加拉帕戈斯陆鸟的病原体评估揭示了新型疱疹病毒和腺病毒。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107955

Ainoa Nieto-Claudin , Courtney L. Pike , Gislayne Mendoza-Alcívar , Birgit Fessl , David J. Anchundia , Sharon L. Deem , Paula A. Castaño , Kathleen Apakupakul , Roland Digby , Carlos Sacristán

Galapagos landbirds are currently threatened due to the negative effects of human encroachment. At least one species has become extinct, and several have been extirpated or suffered severe population declines in the past decades. Although some avian pathogens have been described over the years, the presence and prevalence of several infectious agents that may severely impact on the health and conservation of wild and domestic birds in the archipelago remain understudied. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive health assessment of Galapagos landbirds covering five islands (including protected and anthropized areas), testing for three pathogens of avian conservation concern: adenoviruses (AdV), herpesviruses (HV), and Mycoplasma spp. Oral and cloacal swabs of 421 landbirds from 14 species were tested by PCR, and positive samples were subjected to Sanger sequencing. None of the samples were positive for Mycoplasma spp. A total of 35 birds (8.31 %) tested positive for AdV, while 13 (3.09 %) were positive for HV, with higher prevalences found within the inhabited islands of Floreana and Santa Cruz, respectively. Seven main AdV nucleotide sequence types (STs) were obtained, with AdV-1, AdV-3 and AdV-5 clustering within the genus Barthadenovirus, and AdV-2, AdV-4, AdV-6 and AdV-7 grouping within the genus Aviadenovirus. Three HV STs were obtained, with HV-1 and HV-3 clustering within the genus Mardivirus, and HV-2 grouping within the genus Iltovirus. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular description of novel adenoviruses and herpesviruses in Galapagos landbirds, which will inform current and future conservation efforts in the archipelago.

由于人类入侵的负面影响，加拉帕戈斯群岛的陆鸟目前受到威胁。在过去的几十年里，至少有一个物种已经灭绝，有几个物种已经灭绝或遭受了严重的数量下降。尽管多年来已经描述了一些禽类病原体，但对可能严重影响该群岛野生鸟类和家禽健康和保护的几种传染性病原体的存在和流行情况仍未进行充分研究。为了填补这一空白，我们对加拉帕戈斯群岛5个岛屿（包括保护区和人类活动区域）的陆鸟进行了全面的健康评估，检测了鸟类保护关注的3种病原体：腺病毒（AdV）、疱疹病毒（HV）和支原体，并对14种421只陆鸟的口腔和直肠拭子进行了PCR检测，阳性样本进行了Sanger测序。共有35只（8.31%）鸡AdV检测呈阳性，13只（3.09%）HV检测呈阳性，其中在圣克鲁斯岛和弗洛里安那岛的流行率较高。获得了7种主要的AdV核苷酸序列类型（STs），其中AdV-1、AdV-3和AdV-5属于巴塞腺病毒属，AdV-2、AdV-4、AdV-6和AdV-7属于鸟腺病毒属。获得3个HV STs， HV-1和HV-3聚集在Mardivirus属中，HV-2聚集在Iltovirus属中。据我们所知，这是加拉帕戈斯群岛陆鸟中新型腺病毒和疱疹病毒的首次分子描述，将为该群岛当前和未来的保护工作提供信息。

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引用次数: 0