Acta tropica最新文献_第10页

Schistosomiasis status and health impact in preschool-aged children in hard-to-reach areas and populations of Homa Bay County, Kenya 肯尼亚霍马贝县难以到达地区和人口的学龄前儿童血吸虫病状况和健康影响

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107511

Phyllis Munyiva Isaiah , Bryan Nyawanda , Collins Okoyo , Joseph Otieno Oloo , Peter Steinmann

Pediatric schistosomiasis in hard-to-reach communities is poorly understood, hampering tailored interventions. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity, health impact, and risk factors for schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children (PSAC) residing in hard-to-reach areas and populations of Homa Bay County, Kenya.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 476 PSAC aged 2–5 years across 6 islands in Lake Victoria, Homa Bay County, Kenya. Kato-Katz and urine filtration techniques diagnosed Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections respectively. Fecal occult blood (FOB) was tested to assess morbidity, and questionnaires captured sociodemographic and household water, sanitation, and hygiene data. Logistic regression models explored risk factors.

The overall prevalence of S. mansoni was 26.0 %, varying considerably between islands; Ringiti had the highest prevalence (62.1 %), while Sukru had the lowest (7.7 %). No S. haematobium infections were diagnosed. Light infections were most common (15.4 %), followed by moderate (8.5 %) and heavy infections (2.2 %). Significantly increased odds for infection were observed in children aged four (aOR = 4.4, 95 % CI: 1.7–11.2) and five years (aOR = 5.6, 95 % CI: 2.2–14.5), in girls (aOR = 2.5, 95 % CI: 1.3–4.8), and in children living in Ringiti (aOR = 6.1, 95 % CI: 1.8–15.0). We noted a strong association between S. mansoni infection and FOB (aOR= 3.3, 95 % CI: 1.6–7.0).

We found a high burden of schistosomiasis among PSAC in hard-to-reach communities of Homa Bay County, emphasizing the urgent need to include them in control programs. FOB could be a promising indicator for assessing schistosomiasis-related morbidity in this age group.

人们对难以到达的社区的儿童血吸虫病了解甚少，妨碍了有针对性的干预措施。本研究调查了居住在肯尼亚Homa Bay县难以到达地区和人群的学龄前儿童（PSAC）血吸虫病的患病率、强度、健康影响和危险因素。一项横断面研究对476名年龄在2-5岁的PSAC进行了跨越6个岛屿在维多利亚湖，霍马湾县，肯尼亚。加藤-卡茨和尿液过滤技术分别诊断为曼氏血吸虫和血链球菌感染。测试粪便隐血（FOB）以评估发病率，调查问卷收集社会人口和家庭用水、环境卫生和个人卫生数据。Logistic回归模型探讨了风险因素。mansoni的总流行率为26.0%，岛屿间差异较大；Ringiti患病率最高（62.1%），Sukru患病率最低（7.7%）。未诊断出血葡萄球菌感染。轻度感染最常见（15.4%），其次是中度感染（8.5%）和重度感染（2.2%）。在4岁儿童（aOR = 4.4,95%CI: 1.7 - 11.2）和5岁儿童（aOR = 5.6,95%CI: 2.2 - 14.5）、女童（aOR = 2.5,95%CI: 1.3 - 4.8）和居住在Ringiti的儿童（aOR = 6.1,95%CI: 1.8 - 15.0）中，感染的几率显著增加。我们注意到曼氏链球菌感染与FOB有很强的相关性（aOR= 3.3, 95%CI: 1.6 - 7.0）。我们发现，在Homa Bay县难以到达的社区中，PSAC的血吸虫病负担很高，强调迫切需要将其纳入控制规划。FOB可能是评估该年龄组血吸虫病相关发病率的一个有希望的指标。

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引用次数: 0

Prosthetic valve infective endocarditis due to Burkholderia pseudomallei: A case report and review of the literature. 假假伯克霍尔德菌所致假瓣膜感染性心内膜炎1例报告及文献复习。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107492

Callum Pownell , Benjamin E. Marsden , Willis Lam , Simon Smith , Josh Hanson

Endocarditis is a very rare complication of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection and prosthetic valve endocarditis rarer still. We present, to our knowledge, the first confirmed Australian case of prosthetic valve endocarditis in a patient with melioidosis. Blood cultures were persistently positive for B. pseudomallei, a transoesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a mobile vegetation on his bioprosthetic aortic valve, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified no other focus of infection. Infection of prosthetic material appears to be rare in cases of melioidosis, however, if present, its removal should be strongly considered to effect cure. Fortunately, in our case, clinical response to 8 weeks of intravenous therapy and 6 months of high-dose oral co-trimoxazole obviated the requirement for valve replacement surgery. However, sadly, the patient died from complications of a stroke 4 months after cessation of his antibiotic treatment. The stroke was not felt to be directly related to his infection; however, his clinical course highlights the importance of aggressively addressing the comorbidities that predispose an individual to melioidosis and which also increase their risk of premature death.

心内膜炎是假性伯克霍尔德菌感染的罕见并发症，人工瓣膜心内膜炎更为罕见。我们提出，据我们所知，第一例确诊的澳大利亚病例人工瓣膜心内膜炎患者类鼻疽。经食管超声心动图显示其生物假主动脉瓣上有可移动的植被，计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像未发现其他感染灶。类鼻疽患者的复发率非常高，危及生命，因此需要延长抗生素治疗的疗程，以对抗假芽孢杆菌，这是一种对许多常用处方药物具有内在耐药性的生物。在类鼻疽病例中，假体材料的感染似乎是罕见的，然而，如果存在，应强烈考虑将其去除以达到治愈的效果。幸运的是，在我们的病例中，8周静脉治疗和6个月大剂量口服复方新诺明的临床反应避免了瓣膜置换术的需要。然而，令人遗憾的是，患者在停止抗生素治疗4个月后死于中风并发症。人们认为中风与他的感染没有直接关系；然而，他的临床课程强调了积极解决合并症的重要性，这些合并症使个体易患类鼻疽，也增加了他们过早死亡的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Validation and evaluation of the performance of QIAstat-Dx gastrointestinal panel in pooled stool samples QIAstat-Dx胃肠道检测板在汇总粪便样本中的性能验证和评价。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107514

Xinbin Chen , Huina Huang , Ying Su , Xiaojian Zhou , Menghua Liao , Yanhua Li , Zidong Cheng , Muzi Jin , Jie Tian , Haibo Wang

In the current study, the analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity, reproducibility, anti-interferences ability, and clinical performance of the QIAstat-Dx Gastrointestinal Panel (GIP) system were evaluated using pooled stool samples. Results showed that the pooled sample test detected the selected ten targets exclusively, with no cross reaction with any other targets of common enteropathogens. The analytical sensitivity of the pooled sample test on QIAstat-Dx GIP system was 10² CFU/ml for Shigella spp., 10³ CFU/ml for Salmonella spp., Y. enterocolitica, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic E. coli, 10⁴ CFU/ml for V. cholerae, 10² copies/ml for Norovirus, 10³ copies/ml for Rotavirus, Astrovirus, Sapovirus, respectively. The Coefficients of variation (CV) during the detection of V. cholerae, Salmonella spp., Y. enterocolitica, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Enteropathogenic E. coli, Shigella spp., Rotavirus, Norovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus detection was 2.3 %, 2.7 %, 3.9 %, 4.2 %, 1.7 %, 2.6 %, 6.7 %, 1.4 %, 1.3 % and 2.7 %, respectively, indicating the high reproducibility of the pooled sample test, except for Rotavirus. When potentially interfering agents were added, the shifted Ct value was less than the cut off value, suggesting the good anti-interferences ability. During clinical evaluation, the pooled sample test was 97.8 % concordant with gold standard methods (bacterial culture for bacteria and qPCR for viruses). Our results suggest that QIAstat-Dx GIP system could be used for pooled sample test for enteropathogens screening, which would be more economical and could improve throughput while provide comparable test performance.

在本研究中，通过收集粪便样本，对QIAstat-Dx胃肠道面板（GIP）系统的分析灵敏度、分析特异性、再现性、抗干扰能力和临床性能进行了评估。结果表明，该方法对筛选出的10个靶点进行了特异性检测，与其他常见肠道病原菌靶点均无交叉反应。QIAstat-Dx GIP系统对志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、产肠毒素大肠杆菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌的检测灵敏度分别为102 CFU/ml、103 CFU/ml、104 CFU/ml、诺如病毒102拷贝/ml、轮状病毒103拷贝/ml、星状病毒103拷贝/ml。霍乱弧菌、沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、产肠毒素大肠杆菌、肠致病性大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌、轮状病毒、诺如病毒、星状病毒和萨波病毒检测的变异系数（CV）分别为2.3%、2.7%、3.9%、4.2%、1.7%、2.6%、6.7%、1.4%、1.3%和2.7%，表明除轮状病毒外，合并样本检测的重复性高。加入潜在干扰剂后，位移Ct值小于截止值，抗干扰能力较好。在临床评估中，合并样本测试与金标准方法（细菌培养和病毒qPCR）的一致性为97.8%。本研究结果表明，QIAstat-Dx GIP系统可用于肠道病原菌筛选的合并样本检测，该系统在提供相当的检测性能的同时，更经济、更有效地提高了检测通量。

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引用次数: 0

Association of IL10 gene polymorphism with the susceptibility to dengue and disease severity in a population with asymptomatic and symptomatic dengue 无症状和有症状登革热人群中IL-10基因多态性与登革热易感性和疾病严重程度的关系

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107493

Silveny Meiga Alves Vieira , Mariella Sousa Coêlho Maciel , Julianna Lima Queiroz , Lorena da Silva Teles , Thiago Nobre Gomes , Hygor Ferreira Fernandes , Felipe Rodolfo Pereira da Silva , Jefferson Soares de Oliveira , Gustavo Portela Ferreira , Anna Carolina Toledo da Cunha Pereira

Infections caused by Orthoflavivirus denguei can either manifest asymptomatically or present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. This variety of symptoms results from its complex pathogenesis, which is influenced by viral factors, in addition to host genetics and immunological factors. It is known that anti-inflammatory cytokines can play an immunomodulatory role throughout the course of dengue. Therefore, we investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -1082 A/G (rs1800896) and -819 C/T (rs1800871) in the interleukin-10 (IL10) gene and their possible relationship with the development of symptomatic dengue in a Brazilian population. This study, carried out in northeastern Brazil, involved 333 volunteers, including 74 patients with dengue without warning signs (DWWS), 45 patients with dengue with warning signs (DWAS), 85 patients with asymptomatic dengue infection (ASY) and 129 health controls. The genomic DNA was extracted and the SNPs were genotyped using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The data obtained were used to conduct statistical analyses of the genotype and allele frequencies. We observed an association of A/G and G/G genotypes of the -1082 A/G SNP of the IL10 gene with susceptibility to symptomatic dengue and DWAS regarding the asymptomatic dengue. The G allele of this SNP has also been identified as a risk factor for symptomatic dengue, DWWS and DWAS. Regarding the analyses between the SNPs -1082 A/G and -819 C/T of the IL10 gene, there was an association of the G-C haplotype with symptomatic dengue, DWWS and DWAS, as well as a correlation of the A-C haplotype with asymptomatic dengue. Moreover, the data indicate an association between the presence of the G allele and the development of symptoms, compared to those without the G allele. Our results indicate the presence of the G allele of SNP -1082 A/G of the IL10 gene as a risk factor for the clinical development of symptomatic dengue in the studied population and show the importance of genomics association studies involving asymptomatic individuals.

由登革热正黄病毒引起的感染可以无症状表现，也可以表现出广泛的临床表现。这种症状的多样性源于其复杂的发病机制，除受宿主遗传和免疫因素影响外，还受病毒因素的影响。众所周知，抗炎细胞因子可以在整个登革热过程中发挥免疫调节作用。因此，我们研究了白介素-10 （IL-10）基因的单核苷酸多态性(snp) -1082 A/G （rs1800896）和-819 C/T （rs1800871）及其与巴西人群症状性登革热发展的可能关系。这项研究在巴西东北部开展，涉及333名志愿者，包括74名无预警信号登革热患者（DWWS）、45名有预警信号登革热患者（DWAS）、85名无症状登革热感染患者（ASY）和129名健康对照者。提取基因组DNA，采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）对snp进行基因分型。利用所得数据对基因型和等位基因频率进行统计分析。我们观察到IL-10基因-1082 A/G SNP的A/G和G/G基因型与症状性登革热和无症状性登革热的易感性相关。该SNP的G等位基因也被确定为症状性登革热、DWWS和DWAS的危险因素。通过对IL-10基因-1082 A/G和-819 C/T snp的分析，发现G-C单倍型与症状性登革热、DWWS和DWAS存在相关性，A-C单倍型与无症状性登革热存在相关性。此外，数据表明，与没有G等位基因的人相比，G等位基因的存在与症状的发展之间存在关联。我们的研究结果表明，在研究人群中，IL-10基因SNP -1082 A/G等位基因G的存在是有症状登革热临床发展的一个危险因素，并显示了涉及无症状个体的基因组学关联研究的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Respiratory pathogens carriage in guinea pigs raised as livestock in Ecuador: A proxy to study a neglected reservoir for zoonotic transmission in the Andean Region 厄瓜多尔作为牲畜饲养的豚鼠的呼吸道病原体携带情况：研究安第斯地区一个被忽视的人畜共患病传播水库的一个代理。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107505

Angel Sebastian Rodriguez-Pazmiño , Marlon Zambrano-Mila , Mauricio Salas-Rueda , Marco Vinicio Cáceres-Orellana , Dayci Buele-Chica , Lenay Barrera-Barroso , Ismar Rivera-Olivero , Washington Bolivar Cardenas , Solon Alberto Orlando , Henry Parra-Vera , Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain

In the Andean region of South America, guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are raised as livestock in close contact with other domestic animals and humans. Although the susceptibility of guinea pigs to being affected by a wide range of diseases is well known as a laboratory animal model, there are a few reports about the potential role of zoonotic pathogens in livestock guinea pigs. In this work, we analyzed the nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogenic viruses and bacteria in guinea pigs from farms in Ecuador. We isolated streptococci and aerococci cultures that were analyzed for species identification by MALDI-TOF MS. Several species, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, S. oralies, and S. mitis were found. Moreover, strains resistant to antibiotics like levofloxacin, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were also found. Our results suggest the role of guinea pigs as a zoonotic reservoir for occupational exposure to respiratory pathogens in the Andean region of South America, where guinea pig farming is an important industry.

在南美洲的安第斯地区，豚鼠（Cavia porcellus）作为家畜饲养，与其他家畜和人类密切接触。虽然豚鼠对多种疾病的易感性是众所周知的实验动物模型，但关于人畜共患病原体在牲畜豚鼠中的潜在作用的报道很少。在这项工作中，我们分析了来自厄瓜多尔农场的豚鼠鼻咽携带的呼吸道致病性病毒和细菌。我们分离出链球菌和气双球菌培养物，用MALDI-TOF ms进行菌种鉴定，发现了肺炎链球菌、假肺炎链球菌、口腔链球菌和米蒂斯链球菌等几种菌种。此外，还发现了对左氧氟沙星、红霉素和磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶等抗生素耐药的菌株。我们的研究结果表明，在南美洲安第斯地区，豚鼠养殖是一项重要的产业，豚鼠作为职业暴露于呼吸道病原体的人畜共患病水库的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Northwestern Argentina: Seroprevalence in rodents of Jujuy province and first seropositive record for Euryoryzomys legatus 阿根廷西北部汉坦病毒肺综合征：胡胡伊省啮齿类动物血清患病率和legatus Euryoryzomys首次血清阳性记录。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107500

F. Cassinelli , W. López , R. Coelho , J.J. Martínez , S. Kehl , C.M. Bellomo , V.P. Martínez , I. Ferro

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a Pan-American emerging infectious disease with a high mortality rate caused by rodent-borne viruses of the genus Orthohantavirus. In Argentina, almost half of the HPS infections occur in the northwestern endemic region. In this study, we evaluated rodent composition, abundance, and antibody prevalence in wild rodents in three subtropical sites: primary forest, secondary forest, and crop fields. From February 2022 to June 2023, we settled a total of 150 traps for three nights every two months reaching a capture-effort of 5,400 trap-nights. We took blood samples from all captured rodents, registered morphological measures, then marked and released. We captured 103 rodents of 5 species (Oligoryzomys chacoensis, Calomys fecundus, Calomys musculinus, Akodon simulator, and Euryoryzomys legatus). The overall antibody prevalence was 10.18 %; with C. fecundus and A. simulator being the species most frequently found to present antibodies, and they were also the dominant species in the captured rodent community. The secondary forest was, by far, the most productive site with 83.5 % of all captures, followed by crop fields (10.68 %) and primary forest (5.82 %). We found that antibody prevalence for C. fecundus was positively correlated to body mass (weight) and size (total length). Another important result of our work is that we report presence of hantavirus antibodies in E. legatus, which represents the first record for this species. These results highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of rodents populations and provide a framework for the planning and implementation of public health prevention campaigns of field workers.

汉坦病毒肺综合征（HPS）是一种由啮齿动物传播的原汉坦病毒属病毒引起的具有高死亡率的泛美新发传染病。在阿根廷，几乎一半的HPS感染发生在西北部流行区。在本研究中，我们评估了亚热带原生林、次生林和农田中野生啮齿动物的组成、丰度和抗体流行率。从2022年2月到2023年6月，我们每两个月安置三个晚上，共安置了200个陷阱，达到5400个陷阱之夜。我们采集了所有捕获的啮齿动物的血液样本，记录了形态学指标，然后进行了标记和释放。共捕获5种啮齿动物103只，分别为：长尾小齿、长尾小齿、肌肉小齿、仿齿齿和长尾小齿。总抗体阳性率为10.18%；在捕获的啮齿动物群落中，fecundus和A. simulator是最常见的抗体种类，也是优势种。到目前为止，次生林是最多产的场所，占所有捕获量的83.5%，其次是农田（10.68%）和原生林（5.82%）。我们发现粪芽梭菌的抗体患病率与体重（体重）和体型（全长）呈正相关。我们工作的另一个重要结果是我们报告了在legatus中存在汉坦病毒抗体，这是该物种的第一次记录。这些结果突出了持续监测啮齿动物种群的重要性，并为现场工作人员规划和实施公共卫生预防运动提供了框架。

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引用次数: 0

Climatic and meteorological factors shaping the potential activity season of sand flies in Southeast Europe 影响东南欧沙蝇潜在活动季节的气候和气象因素。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107486

Attila J. Trájer , Edwin Kniha

Sand flies, the principal vectors of Leishmania spp., are widely endemic in the Balkans and its neighbouring area. Among many factors, meteorological constraints shape sand fly distribution and activity, and are therefore important to assess to understand sand fly occurrence and prevent transmission of pathogens. To determine the daily limits of sand fly activity in Southeast Europe, we used entomological trapping data of eight species from seven countries, as well as temperature, precipitation, global radiation, wind speed, and sea level pressure data of the E-OBS gridded dataset. While 91.3 % of analyzed sites represented humid subtropical-continental ecotypes, heterogenous meteorological activity thresholds were found between species. By ranking the species based on their meteorological limits, Phlebotomus balcanicus and Ph. papatasi showed the widest general meteorological tolerance, whereas the activity of Sergentomyia minuta, Ph. tobbi, and Ph. simici were observed to be most sensitive to meteorological changes. However, principal ordinate analysis suggested that Ph. neglectus and Ph. mascittii had the widest ecological niches related to their activity constraints, and Ph. tobbi and Ph. simici had the narrowest. Phlebotomus mascitti and Se. minuta exhibited the most notable overall dissimilarity of the meteorological requirements of activity. The ensemble tests showed that the feature importance of different meteorological factors varies by sand fly species related to their activity. This study should help to better understand small-scale differences in sand fly occurrence in Southeast Europe to support future surveys and targeted surveillance to assess pathogen transmission in endemic areas.

沙蝇是利什曼原虫的主要媒介，在巴尔干及其邻近地区广泛流行。在众多因素中，气象限制因素影响了沙蝇的分布和活动，因此对评估了解沙蝇的发生和预防病原体传播具有重要意义。为了确定东南欧地区沙蝇的日活动极限，我们使用了来自7个国家的8种昆虫捕获数据，以及E-OBS网格数据集的温度、降水、全球辐射、风速和海平面压力数据。91.3%的分析地点为湿润亚热带-大陆生态型，但物种间的气象活动阈值存在异质性。根据其气象极限对物种进行排序，balcanicus和papatasi Ph.具有最广泛的一般气象耐受性，而minuta Sergentomyia、tobbi Ph.和simici Ph.对气象变化最敏感。主坐标分析结果表明，与活动约束相关的生态位范围最广的是忽略和mascittii，最小的是tobbi和simici。乳突白蛉和乳突白蛉。米努塔在活动的气象要求方面表现出最显著的总体差异。集合试验表明，不同沙蝇种类对不同气象因子的特征重要性与其活动有关。这项研究将有助于更好地了解东南欧地区沙蝇发生的小规模差异，为未来的调查和有针对性的监测提供支持，以评估流行地区的病原体传播。

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引用次数: 0

Innate and putative adaptive immunological responses of schistosome-parasitized snails 血吸虫寄生蜗牛的先天和假定的适应性免疫反应。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107503

Khaled M. Zayed

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by digenetic trematode from Schistosoma genus, as an etiological agent that uses snails as an intermediate host. In mollusc-trematode relationships, the miracidia attract in the aquatic media to a specific snail as an intermediate hosts, then penetrate its integument in the sporocyst form thereafter, the invasive sporocysts produce secreted/excreted products in order to survive and avoid the snails’ immune system. The next larval stage is the cercariae that developed by sporocysts. Subsequently, the snail intermediate host suffers from biological, physiological, biochemical and immunological changes during the development of these parasite larval stages within their tissues. Snails and their parasites engage in an interactive innate and putative adaptive immune response that involves many immune mechanisms, such as the production of nitric oxide, lysozymes, phagocytosis, lectin formation and phenol oxidase activity. Schistosomes have developed a variety of strategies to evade and counteract these deliberate host reactions. These strategies include the secretion of many strong proteases, the use of an immune-resistant outer tegument, the molecular mimicry of host antigens, and the controlled release of certain immunomodulatory substances that influence immune cell activities. This review aims to characterize these important immune evasion mechanisms in order to comprehend the many immunological molecular determinants in the snail/schistosome interaction and to develop alternate management measures for schistosomiasis control.

血吸虫病是一种被忽视的热带疾病，它的病原体是以钉螺为中间宿主的裂体吸虫。在软体动物与线虫的关系中，蜃蚴在水生介质中吸引特定的蜗牛作为中间宿主，然后以孢子囊的形式穿透蜗牛的外皮。下一个幼虫阶段是由孢子囊发育而成的螯虫。随后，这些寄生虫幼虫阶段在蜗牛中间宿主的组织内发育期间，蜗牛中间宿主的生物、生理、生化和免疫系统都会发生变化。蜗牛及其寄生虫会产生互动的先天性和假定的适应性免疫反应，其中涉及许多免疫机制，如产生一氧化氮、溶菌酶、吞噬作用、凝集素形成和酚氧化酶活性。血吸虫开发了多种策略来逃避和抵消宿主的这些蓄意反应。这些策略包括分泌多种强蛋白酶、使用抗免疫的外被膜、分子模仿宿主抗原以及有控制地释放某些影响免疫细胞活动的免疫调节物质。本综述旨在描述这些重要的免疫逃避机制，以便理解钉螺/血吸虫相互作用中的许多免疫学分子决定因素，并制定控制血吸虫病的替代管理措施。

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引用次数: 0

Unusual frequency of Trypanosoma cruzi DTU TcI and predominance of hybrid lineages in Triatoma infestans before and after control interventions in the Argentinian Chaco 阿根廷查科地区克氏锥虫DTU TcI的异常频率和杂种谱系在控制干预前后在感染三角虫中占优势。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107502

Alejandra Alvedro , Natalia Paula Macchiaverna , Niamh Murphy , Gustavo Fabián Enriquez , María Sol Gaspe , Ricardo Esteban Gürtler , Marta Victoria Cardinal

Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi involves diverse hosts, vectors and parasitic genotypes, in different environments. In recent decades, the distribution of T. cruzi has altered due to urbanization of affected people and vectors. We implemented a longitudinal intervention program between 2015 and 2022 which aimed to suppress (peri)domestic Triatoma infestans in the municipality of Avia Terai (Chaco Province, Argentina), and found a marginal risk of domestic vector-borne transmission across the rural-to-urban gradient after interventions. Here, we identified the parasite Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) in infected T. infestans collected throughout the intervention program (37 insects pre-intervention and 7 post-intervention). Identification of DTUs was conducted by two methodologies, using DNA extracted from T. infestans rectal ampoules. We also assessed the association between blood-feeding sources and DTUs. Complete DTU identification was achieved in 48 % of samples. The hybrid lineages TcV or TcVI and their combinations predominated (72 %), followed by TcI (16 %) and mixed infections of TcI and hybrid lineages (14 %). Half (50 %) of the houses harbored TcI infected bugs either alone or mixed with TcII/TcV/TcVI. Humans predominated as the bloodmeal sources in all insects with identified DTU. All DTUs (TcI, TcV and TcII/TcV/TcVI) were recorded in both rural and peri-urban environments, with 62 % of the houses having more than one DTU. These results confirm the predominance of hybrid lineages in domestic transmission cycles of the Argentine Chaco. However, the finding of several triatomines infected with TcI both pre- and post-intervention raises the question of which host(s) are involved in its transmission.

克鲁斯锥虫的传播涉及不同环境中的不同宿主、病媒和寄生虫基因型。近几十年来，由于受影响人群和病媒的城市化，克鲁兹锥虫的分布发生了变化。我们在2015年至2022年期间实施了一项纵向干预计划，旨在抑制阿维亚特莱市（阿根廷查科省）的（围）家庭三联脲蛔虫，并发现干预后农村到城市梯度上的家庭病媒传播风险微乎其微。在此，我们对整个干预计划期间（干预前和干预后各收集到 37 只昆虫）收集到的受感染恙虫中的寄生虫离散分型单位（DTU）进行了鉴定。DTU 的鉴定采用了两种方法，一种是从褐飞虱直肠安瓿中提取 DNA。我们还评估了食血来源与 DTU 之间的关联。48%的样本实现了完全的 DTU 鉴定。杂交种 TcV 或 TcVI 及其组合占多数（72%），其次是 TcI（16%）和 TcI 与杂交种的混合感染（14%）。有一半（50%）的房屋单独或与 TcII/TcV/TcVI 混合感染了 TcI。人类是所有已确定感染 DTU 的昆虫的主要血食来源。所有 DTU（TcI、TcV 和 TcII/TcV/TcVI）在农村和城郊环境中都有记录，其中 62% 的房屋有一个以上的 DTU。这些结果证实，在阿根廷查科地区的家庭传播循环中，杂交系占主导地位。然而，在干预前和干预后都发现了几只感染 TcI 的三螨，这就提出了一个问题，即哪些宿主参与了 TcI 的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Identification and characterization of Jingmen tick virus from Rhipicephalus microplus in Hunan, China” [Acta Tropica 260 (2024) 107378] 中国湖南小尾寒羊体内荆门蜱病毒的鉴定和特征描述》[热带学报 260 (2024) 107378]更正。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107443

Li Zhang , Wenbo Xu , Yinghua Zhao , Liyan Sui , Mingxin Song , Quan Liu

引用次数: 0