Acta tropica最新文献_第10页

Challenges to malaria vaccine availability and successful implementation of malaria vaccine program in Africa 非洲疟疾疫苗供应面临的挑战和疟疾疫苗方案的成功实施。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107959

Rotimi J. Ojo , Yusuff D. Igbayilola , Gideon A. Gyebi

The approval of malaria vaccines was a significant milestone towards malaria eradication in Africa which bear the major burden of the disease. Ensuring availability and access to these vaccines across Africa however, presents complex challenges that limit their immediate impact. This review looks at the main obstacles to malaria vaccine availability and successful implementation of malaria vaccine program in Africa using academic and health databases. Supply constraints appear to be the major factor, as the current manufacturing capacity was insufficient to meet the high demand across endemic regions in Africa. Moreover, vaccine coverage in Africa is also impacted by limited national health budget that pose constraints to acquire, transport, store and conduct immunization activities. Lack of confidence in healthcare system, misinformation and conspiracy theory about vaccine efficacy and safety frequently propagated through social networks, community and religious leaders greatly affect public confidence about vaccine in societies where past experiences with Western-led health initiatives have led many to question new interventions. Programmatic and logistical hurdles, such as cold chain requirements and multiple-dose schedules further complicate delivery in remote area while shortages in skilled health workers and weak pharmacovigilance systems limit programme effectiveness. Finally, inequities in allocation risk leaving high-burden but resource-constrained regions underserved. Addressing these challenges require coordinated global and regional action, including scaling up manufacturing capacity, continuous research to enhance vaccine effectiveness, stable funding for production and distribution, strengthening health systems and fostering community trust to ensure that the potential of malaria vaccines to eliminate malaria from Africa is achieved.

疟疾疫苗的批准是在非洲消灭疟疾的一个重要里程碑，非洲承受着疟疾的主要负担。然而，确保这些疫苗在整个非洲的可得性和可及性带来了复杂的挑战，限制了它们的直接影响。本综述利用学术和卫生数据库研究了非洲疟疾疫苗可获得性和成功实施疟疾疫苗规划的主要障碍。供应限制似乎是主要因素，因为目前的制造能力不足以满足非洲流行区域的高需求。此外，非洲的疫苗覆盖面也受到国家卫生预算有限的影响，这对获取、运输、储存和开展免疫活动造成了限制。对卫生保健系统缺乏信心，关于疫苗有效性和安全性的错误信息和阴谋论经常通过社会网络、社区和宗教领袖传播，极大地影响了社会中公众对疫苗的信心，在这些社会中，过去西方主导的卫生行动的经验导致许多人质疑新的干预措施。规划和后勤方面的障碍，如冷链要求和多剂量时间表，进一步使偏远地区的递送复杂化，而熟练卫生工作者的短缺和薄弱的药物警戒系统限制了规划的有效性。最后，分配方面的不公平可能会使负担沉重但资源有限的地区得不到充分服务。应对这些挑战需要采取协调一致的全球和区域行动，包括扩大制造能力、持续研究以提高疫苗有效性、为生产和分销提供稳定资金、加强卫生系统和促进社区信任，以确保实现疟疾疫苗在非洲消灭疟疾的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The dynamic of Trypanosoma cruzi transmissibility in field-caught Mepraia spinolai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) of contrasting seasons: A developmental stage-dependent study 不同季节野捕棘足鼠（半翅目：棘足鼠科）克氏锥虫传播动态的发育阶段依赖性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107948

Nicol Quiroga , Francisca Farías , Angélica López , Carezza Botto-Mahan , Aldo Solari

A competent vector can harbor a pathogen and infect a high number of hosts. Scarce information is available on how triatomine vectors accomplish this task in nature, particularly without knowing the number of parasites they excrete. We study the dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi transmissibility in the triatomine Mepraia spinolai collected in summer (December 2018) and winter (July 2019) of an austral endemic area. The insects received two feedings in the laboratory, the day after arrival and 45 days after the first feeding. Excreta samples were collected, DNA was extracted, and parasite loads were quantified by qPCR. After feeding, the parasite loads of the first and second excreta samples revealed differences between summer and winter insects. Overall, parasite load reductions and increases were detected in summer (51.2% and 32.5%) and in winter (9.1% and 15.2%) infected insects. The number of times the parasite load was reduced in summer insects revealed that early stage nymphs accomplished it at the highest ratio (× 740), middle stage nymphs (× 14), and late developmental stages with the lowest ratio (× 6.7). Therefore, fifth instar nymphs and adults have the maximal capacity to harbor T. cruzi, and those with the highest competence to transmit it, and early nymphs are the ones with minimal vectorial capacity. About 7% of the winter insects and 58.5% of the summer excreted quantifiable parasite loads right after collection. The amount of T. cruzi excreted in summer by M. spinolai reached medians between 950 and 2597 parasite equivalents/excreta, considering all developmental stages. Finally, molting during processes of T. cruzi load reduction and increase suggests that the exoskeleton shedding does not affect the excretion of T. cruzi.

有能力的病媒可以携带病原体并感染大量宿主。关于锥蝽病媒在自然界中如何完成这一任务的信息很少，特别是在不知道它们排泄的寄生虫数量的情况下。研究了夏季（2018年12月）和冬季（2019年7月）在南方某流行区采集的棘锥蝽（triatomine Mepraia spinolai）中克氏锥虫的传播动态。这些昆虫在实验室接受了两次喂食，一次是在到达后的第二天，另一次是在第一次喂食后的45天。收集排泄物样本，提取DNA，采用qPCR定量寄生虫载量。摄食后，第一次和第二次粪便样本的寄生虫负荷显示出夏季和冬季昆虫之间的差异。总体而言，夏季（51.2%和32.5%）和冬季（9.1%和15.2%）感染昆虫的寄生虫负荷分别减少和增加。夏虫寄生次数减少表明，早期若虫寄生次数最多（× 740），中期若虫寄生次数最少（× 14），晚期若虫寄生次数最少（× 6.7）。因此，5龄若虫和成虫携带克氏体的能力最大，传播能力最强，而早期若虫的媒介传播能力最小。约7%的冬季昆虫和58.5%的夏季昆虫在采集后立即排出可量化的寄生虫负荷。考虑到各个发育阶段，棘棘平蝽夏季排出的克氏锥虫量中值在950 ~ 2597个寄生当量/排泄物之间。最后，在克氏体负荷减少和增加过程中的蜕皮表明，外骨骼脱落不影响克氏体的排泄。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiological profile, parasitological study and molecular characterization of cystic echinococcosis cases in children and adolescents in Algeria 阿尔及利亚儿童和青少年囊性包虫病病例的流行病学概况、寄生虫学研究和分子特征

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107957

Meryem Benmarce , AbdElkarim Laatamna , Jenny Knapp , Laurence Millon , Alicja Jasinska , Elise Roy , Assia Haif

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a major public health problem in North African countries, including Algeria. The epidemiology of Human CE is poorly documented in Algeria. The present study is a retrospective survey investigating the epidemiological situation of this neglected disease in children and adolescents from Algeria and revealing its serious impact. Between 2020 and 2023, epidemiological data were collected on CE 92 cases from children and adolescents diagnosed in the pediatric surgery department of the Mother and Child Hospital, University Hospital of Setif, province of Setif, Algeria. Clinical profile of these CE cases and fertility assessment and molecular characterization of hydatid cysts surgically removed from patients were also reported in this study. Overall, CE cases were slightly more prevalent in children aged from three to nine years (P = 0.677; X² = 0.174). The number of CE cases recorded in males was statistically higher than in females (P = 0.007; X² = 7.348). Most of CE patients originated from rural areas compared to urban areas (P = 0.001; X² = 23.000). The lung localization of hydatid cysts was predominant compared to liver localization. The microscopic examination of collected hydatid cysts showed a fertility rate of 53.04%. PCR and sequence analysis of a partial fragment of the 12 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from 44 cysts revealed the presence of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Cystic echinococcosis continues to be a serious health problem in Algerian children. Therefore, further investigations are needed to better understand its epidemiology, particularly with regard of parasite transmission dynamics to humans, and develop long-term preventive measures to control this important parasitic disease in Algeria.

人类囊性包虫病（CE）是包括阿尔及利亚在内的北非国家的一个主要公共卫生问题。阿尔及利亚人类CE的流行病学文献很少。本研究是一项回顾性调查，调查了阿尔及利亚儿童和青少年中这种被忽视疾病的流行病学情况，并揭示了其严重影响。在2020年至2023年期间，收集了在阿尔及利亚塞提夫省塞提夫大学医院妇幼医院儿科外科诊断的92例儿童和青少年CE病例的流行病学数据。本研究还报道了这些CE病例的临床概况以及手术切除的包虫囊肿的生育能力评估和分子特征。总体而言，CE病例在3 ~ 9岁儿童中更为普遍（P = 0.677;X2=0.174）。男性CE病例数明显高于女性（P = 0.007;X2=7.348）。与城市地区相比，大多数CE患者来自农村地区（P = 0.001;X2= 23.000）。与肝脏定位相比，肺定位是主要的包虫囊肿。镜检所得包囊受精率为53.04%。对44个包囊中12个小亚基核糖体RNA基因的部分片段进行PCR和序列分析，发现存在严格感细粒棘球绦虫。囊性包虫病仍然是阿尔及利亚儿童的一个严重健康问题。因此，需要进一步调查，以更好地了解其流行病学，特别是寄生虫向人类传播的动态，并制定长期预防措施，以控制阿尔及利亚这一重要的寄生虫病。

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引用次数: 0

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from forest and peridomestic environments in the state of Rondônia, Brazil: diversity, blood feeding and natural infection by trypanosomatids 巴西Rondônia州森林和家庭环境中的白蛉（双翅目：蠓科：白蛉科）：多样性、吸血和锥虫的自然感染。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107943

Tivian Raphaella Melo Munis , Michelli Santos da Silva , Kamila Pereira França , Jansen Fernandes Medeiros

The transmission cycle of diseases associated with phlebotomine is generally zoonotic, involving mammals as reservoirs in forested areas. However, human occupation and the anthropization of these environments have favored the inclusion of humans as accidental hosts. This study aimed to assess the diversity of phlebotomine sand flies in different municipalities of the state of Rondônia, Brazil, as well as investigate trypanosomatid infections and identify the blood meal sources of these insects. Phlebotomine sand fly collections were conducted in peri‑urban areas of ten municipalities in Rondônia, using HP traps adapted with green LED light for 12 h over three consecutive nights in forest fragments and peridomestic environments. After mounting and identification, the specimens were subjected to molecular analyses targeting the 18S region to detect trypanosomatids and to determine the blood-feeding sources of engorged females. A total of 4886 phlebotomine sand flies were identified, distributed in 50 species belonging to 13 genera. This study is the first to report Evandromyia teratodes in the state of Rondônia. The most abundant species were females of Nyssomyia antunesi (complex) (2402), Evandromyia walkeri (753) and Nyssomyia urbinattii (428). A higher species diversity was observed in forest environments when compared to peridomestic areas. Molecular analyses targeting the V7V8 region of the 18S gene revealed the presence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis DNA in Psychodopygus hirsutus and Evandromyia walkeri. Additionally, Trypanosoma minasense DNA was detected in pooled females of the Ny. antunesi (complex) and in one pool belonging to the genus Trichophoromyia sp. Seven blood meal sources were identified in 24 engorged females, namely Homo sapiens, Tapirus terrestris, Sus scrofa, gallus, Proechimys longicaudatus, Choloepus hoffmanni and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. These findings reinforce the importance of entomological surveillance in the face of environmental changes that influence the distribution and epidemiological significance of phlebotomine sand flies in the Amazon region.

与白蛉碱有关的疾病的传播周期通常是人畜共患的，涉及作为森林地区宿主的哺乳动物。然而，人类的占领和这些环境的人类化倾向于将人类作为意外宿主。本研究旨在评估巴西Rondônia州不同城市白蛉的多样性，调查锥虫感染并确定这些昆虫的血粉来源。在Rondônia 10个城市的城郊地区，使用装有绿色LED灯的高压捕蝇器，连续3个晚上在森林碎片和住宅周围环境中采集白蛉，持续12小时。标本安装鉴定后，针对18S区进行分子分析，检测锥虫，确定充血雌虫的吸血来源。共鉴定白蛉4886只，分属13属50种。这项研究首次报道了Rondônia州的畸胎性Evandromyia。最丰富的种类是雌性的安图尼丝蝇（复合）（2,402）、walkerevandromyia（753）和urbinattii（428）。森林环境的物种多样性高于圈养区。对巴西利什曼原虫18S基因V7V8区进行分子分析，发现在毛绒心蝽和沃克氏Evandromyia walkeri中存在利什曼原虫DNA。此外，在纽约的雌性群体中检测到浅鼻锥虫DNA。在24只雌性中共鉴定出7种血食源，分别为智人（Homo sapiens）、地貘（Tapirus terrestris）、Sus scrofa、Gallus Gallus、Proechimys longicaudatus、Choloepus hoffmanni和Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris。这些发现加强了昆虫学监测的重要性，以应对影响亚马逊地区白蛉分布和流行病学意义的环境变化。

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引用次数: 0

Loss of tegumental papillae and spines during maturation of Clonorchis sinensis: Evidence from colchicine disruption 华支睾吸虫成熟过程中被毛乳头和棘的丧失：来自秋水仙碱破坏的证据。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107945

Eun-Min Kim

Clonorchis sinensis is a foodborne liver fluke and Group 1 carcinogen endemic to East Asia. Its syncytial tegument mediates host–parasite interactions and serves as the primary target of praziquantel (PZQ), which exhibits reduced efficacy against juvenile stages. This study investigated whether tegumental papillae and spines are truly lost or internalized during the maturation of C. sinensis, and employed colchicine as a diagnostic perturbation to probe for subtegumental remnants. Excysted metacercariae, juvenile worms (10 days postinfection), and adult worms (4 weeks postinfection) were examined using scanning electron microscopy; a subset of adults was treated with colchicine (1 µM, 37°C, 6 h). Tegumental spines were quantified per 100 µm² on calibrated images. Spine density declined from 36 ± 2 / 100 µm² in metacercariae to 6 ± 1 / 100 µm² in juveniles (Welch’s t-test, P < 0.05) and was below quantifiable limits in adults (0–2 / 100 µm², qualitative). Colchicine-treated adults exhibited distal surface fragmentation without revealing hidden spines or papillae. These findings provide quantitative morphological evidence that papillae and spines are progressively lost, rather than internalized, during maturation of C. sinensis, thereby clarifying a key aspect of tegumental remodeling across developmental stages.

华支睾吸虫是一种食源性肝吸虫，是东亚特有的一类致癌物。它的合胞皮介导宿主与寄生虫的相互作用，是吡喹酮（PZQ）的主要靶点，吡喹酮对幼虫期的药效较低。本研究探讨了在中华香椿成熟过程中被毛乳头和棘是否真的丢失或内化，并采用秋水仙碱作为诊断扰动来探测被毛下残留。扫描电镜观察囊出的囊蚴、感染后10天的稚虫和感染后4周的成虫；一部分成人用秋水仙碱处理（1µM, 37°C, 6 h）。在校准图像上每100 μ m²定量被盖棘。棘密度从囊蚴的36±2 / 100µm²下降到幼虫的6±1 / 100µm²（Welch’st检验，P < 0.05），低于成虫的可量化极限（0-2 / 100µm²，定性）。秋水仙碱处理的成人表现出远端表面碎裂，没有显示隐藏的棘或乳头。这些发现提供了定量形态学证据，表明在中华月牙的成熟过程中，乳突和棘是逐渐消失的，而不是内化的，从而阐明了发育阶段被盖重塑的一个关键方面。

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引用次数: 0

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis 埃塞俄比亚的氯喹耐药间日疟原虫疟疾：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107947

Yenesew Mihret Wondmagegn , Abebaw Setegn , Getu Girmay , Muluneh Assefa , Banchayehu Getnet , Tena Cherkos , Wagaw Abebe , Nega Dessie , Adane Derso , Zufan Yiheyis , Adane Adugna , Tadesse Misganaw , Aberham Abere , Mebratu Tamir , Mekuriaw Belayneh , Azanaw Amare , Agenagnew Ashagre , Birhanu Malede , Gashaw Azanaw Amare

Plasmodium vivax accounts for about 40% of malaria cases in Ethiopia, where chloroquine remains the first-line treatment. However, the emergence of chloroquine resistance threatens the effectiveness of treatment. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42024564745) and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals Online. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed with STATA version 11. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I-squared statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test and a funnel plot. Thirteen studies with 2,190 participants reported a pooled prevalence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax of 7.32% (95% CI: 2.55–12.08; I² = 95.1%, p < 0.001). Resistance prevalence was higher in studies using both microscopy and PCR 7.32% (95% CI: 2.55–12.08), during the 2003–2009 study period 10.70% (95% CI: −1.24–22.65), and in the Oromia region 9.58% (95% CI: −0.41–19.58), while a 42-day follow-up reported a pooled prevalence of 17.91% (95% CI: −9.34–45.15). Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax is present in Ethiopia, with an overall prevalence of about 7%. Although resistance remains moderate, it is clinically significant and underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance, regular treatment monitoring, and consideration of alternative therapeutic approaches.

间日疟原虫占埃塞俄比亚疟疾病例的40%左右，在埃塞俄比亚氯喹仍然是一线治疗手段。然而，氯喹耐药性的出现威胁到治疗的有效性。本系统综述综合了目前在埃塞俄比亚发生的氯喹耐药间日疟原虫的证据。本研究已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册（PROSPERO; CRD42024564745）中注册，并按照系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。在PubMed、Medline、EMBASE、b谷歌Scholar、Web of Science、ScienceDirect和African Journals Online中进行了全面的搜索。使用Microsoft Excel提取数据，并使用STATA version 11进行分析。随机效应模型用于估计合并患病率，置信区间为95%。异质性采用i平方统计量评估，发表偏倚采用Egger检验和漏斗图评估。13项研究2190名参与者报告了氯喹耐药间日疟原虫的总患病率为7.32% （95% CI: 2.55-12.08; I² = 95.1%,p < 0.001）。使用显微镜和PCR的研究中，耐药率较高，为7.32% (95% CI: 2.55-12.08)， 2003-2009年研究期间为10.70% (95% CI: -1.24-22.65)，奥罗米亚地区为9.58% (95% CI: -0.41-19.58)， 42天随访报告的总患病率为17.91% （95% CI: -9.34-45.15）。埃塞俄比亚存在氯喹耐药间日疟原虫，总体流行率约为7%。尽管耐药性仍然是中度的，但它具有临床意义，并强调了持续监测、定期治疗监测和考虑替代治疗方法的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Finding the hidden genes in Leishmania guyanensis genome: Application of proteogenomics approach to improve the genome annotation in the kinetoplastid parasite 寻找古颜利什曼原虫基因组中的隐藏基因：应用蛋白质基因组学方法改进着丝体寄生虫基因组注释。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107952

Shubhankar A Pawar , Aditi Shenoy , Karthick Vasudevan , Nalini Mishra , Mahendra Jamdhade , Harsh Pawar

The kinetoplastid protozoan parasite Leishmania guyanensis a member of the Leishmania (Viannia) species complex is the causative agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). L. guyanensis infections typically result in cutaneous lesions, but in some cases can progress to mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, particularly when co-infected with Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1), thus leading to exacerbated inflammation, treatment failure, and relapse. Despite the availability of its reference genome, limitations in gene annotation persist due to the presence of hypothetical proteins, pseudogenes, and unrecognised coding regions. In this study, we employed a proteogenomic approach integrating publicly available high-resolution mass spectrometry data with a custom six-frame translated genome database to refine the genome annotation of L. guyanensis strain MHOM/BR/75/M4147. Utilising stringent database-dependent searches with a 1% false discovery rate, we identified numerous unique peptides, of which 653 were genome search-specific peptides (GSSPs) mapping exclusively to unannotated genomic regions. These GSSPs facilitated the discovery of 65 novel protein-coding genes and the correction of 62 existing gene models, including N- and C-terminal extensions. Our findings demonstrate the power of proteogenomics to uncover cryptic protein-coding regions and improve genome annotations beyond conventional predictions. This refined annotation enhances our understanding of L. guyanensis biology, providing a more accurate proteomic landscape that can inform studies on parasite virulence, host interaction, and potential therapeutic targets. The study underscores the importance of integrating proteomic evidence with genomic data to capture the full coding potential of kinetoplastid parasites, paving the way for improved diagnostics and interventions against leishmaniasis.

古延利什曼原虫（Leishmania guyanensis）是利什曼原虫（Leishmania Viannia）种复合体的一种动质体原生动物寄生虫，是美洲发育性利什曼病（ATL）的病原体。古yanl .感染通常导致皮肤病变，但在某些情况下可发展为皮肤粘膜利什曼病，特别是当利什曼RNA病毒1 （LRV1）合并感染时，从而导致炎症加重、治疗失败和复发。尽管有参考基因组的可用性，但由于存在假设的蛋白质、假基因和未识别的编码区，基因注释的局限性仍然存在。在这项研究中，我们采用蛋白质基因组学方法，将公开的高分辨率质谱数据与定制的六帧翻译基因组数据库相结合，完善了古yanensis菌株MHOM/BR/75/M4147的基因组注释。利用严格的数据库依赖搜索和1%的错误发现率，我们确定了许多独特的肽，其中653是基因组搜索特异性肽（gssp），专门映射到未注释的基因组区域。这些gssp促进了65个新的蛋白质编码基因的发现，并纠正了62个现有的基因模型，包括N端和c端延伸。我们的研究结果证明了蛋白质基因组学在揭示隐蛋白编码区和改进基因组注释方面的能力，超出了传统的预测。这一精细化的注释增强了我们对古yanensis生物学的理解，提供了更准确的蛋白质组学景观，可以为寄生虫毒力、宿主相互作用和潜在治疗靶点的研究提供信息。这项研究强调了将蛋白质组学证据与基因组数据结合起来的重要性，以捕获着丝质体寄生虫的全部编码潜力，为改进利什曼病的诊断和干预措施铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Climate extremes and the dynamic reshaping of snail habitat: implications for the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of schistosomal vulnerability in Brazil 极端气候和蜗牛栖息地的动态重塑：对巴西血吸虫易感性时空异质性的影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107933

Amirreza Meydani , Shuai Wang , Robert Bergquist , Flavio Lopes Ribeiro , Delphis F. Levia

Extreme climate variables are increasingly important for understanding the distribution of Biomphalaria snails, the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. While many studies focus on long-term averages, our approach emphasizes the role of climatic extreme events and their seasonal timing in shaping habitat persistence. We applied spatially explicit Random Forest (RF) species distribution models with spatial cross-validation and bootstrap aggregation to produce robust and transferable predictions of snail habitat suitability, and then ranked the influence of extreme climate variables using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values and partial dependence plots. The models performed well, with average area under curve (AUC) values of 0.75 across species and partial AUC ratios greater than one, confirming the robustness of the predictions. Precipitation seasonality, multi-month drought indices, surface absorbed solar radiation extremes, and diurnal air temperature range were the highest-ranked drivers, though their influence was not uniform across snail species. Biomphalaria glabrata was most responsive to seasonal recharge, while B. straminea showed resilience to variability and often persisted in man-made habitats. Biomphalaria tenagophila was more constrained by drought and radiation stress. Spatial comparisons between 1995 and 2020 indicated expansions and contractions in various states, with new hotspots emerging in southeastern and central Brazil, while habitat suitability declined in drought-prone regions, such as in the State of Pernambuco. These results demonstrate that climate extreme events, in addition to long-term baseline changes, drive the spatially heterogeneous redistribution of Biomphalaria habitats. Also, our findings highlight the need for species-specific monitoring, integration of water infrastructure management, and forward-looking surveillance strategies that address both climate variability and landscapes modified by humans.

极端气候变量对了解曼氏血吸虫中间寄主生物螺的分布越来越重要。虽然许多研究侧重于长期平均值，但我们的方法强调气候极端事件及其季节时间在塑造栖息地持久性中的作用。采用空间显式随机森林（RF）物种分布模型，结合空间交叉验证和自举聚集，对蜗牛栖息地适宜性进行鲁棒性预测，并利用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）值和部分相关图对极端气候变量的影响进行排序。各物种的平均曲线下面积（AUC）值为0.75，部分AUC比值大于1，证实了模型的稳健性。降水季节性、多月干旱指数、地表吸收太阳辐射极值和日气温变化是影响螺类生长的主要因素，但对不同螺种的影响并不均匀。白僵菌对季节补给的响应最大，而白僵菌对变化的适应能力最强，并在人工生境中持续存在。B. tenagophila更受干旱和辐射胁迫的约束。1995年至2020年的空间比较表明，巴西各州的栖息地面积出现了扩张和收缩，巴西东南部和中部出现了新的热点地区，而伯南布哥州等干旱易发地区的栖息地适宜性则有所下降。这些结果表明，极端气候事件除了长期基线变化外，还驱动了Biomphalaria生境的空间异质性再分布。此外，我们的研究结果还强调了对特定物种进行监测、整合水基础设施管理和前瞻性监测战略的必要性，这些战略既要解决气候变化问题，也要解决人类改变的景观问题。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological determinants and indicator-based analysis of Aedes albopictus expansion in a Central European metropolis: implications for urban sustainability 中欧大都市白纹伊蚊扩张的生态决定因素和指标分析：对城市可持续性的影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107937

Attila J Trájer

The invasive bridge vector mosquito Aedes albopictus has been increasingly detected across Europe, posing potential risks for arboviral disease transmission. Urban-scale assessments of its expansion remain scarce in Central Europe. The establishment and spread of Ae. albopictus in Budapest were analysed between 2018 and 2025 using spatio-temporal mapping, seasonal observations, and indicator-based ecological modelling, complemented by ensemble machine learning approaches. Occurrence patterns followed a logistic growth trajectory (R² = 0.995), with colonization rising from sparse foci in 2020 to over 85% of districts by 2025. Seasonal activity extended from late April to mid-October, peaking in early September. Ensemble machine learning models consistently achieved high predictive performance, with key predictors included urban fabric, temperature, topography, and precipitation-related indices (bio18; Köppen Aridity Index) while other factors contributed variably. Ecological associations were strongest with urbanized land cover (discontinuous and continuous urban fabric, industrial areas), specific soil types such as fluvent entisols, and humid temperate climates (Köppen Cfa). K-means clustering and decision tree analyses distinguished seven ecological clusters across Budapest, ranging from warm, densely built urban cores to cooler, shaded peri‑urban and forested zones. Conceptually linking ecological clusters to the Sustainable Development Goals highlighted spatially heterogeneous intersections with health (SDG 3), urban sustainability (SDG 11), water management (SDG 6), climate action (SDG 13), and biodiversity conservation (SDG 15). These findings provide a baseline for predicting urban vector expansion, informing early warning systems, and guiding public health interventions and vector control strategies in European metropolitan regions.

侵袭性桥梁媒介白纹伊蚊在欧洲越来越多地被发现，构成了虫媒病毒疾病传播的潜在风险。在中欧，对其扩张的城市规模评估仍然很少。Ae的建立和传播。利用时空制图、季节观测和基于指标的生态模型，并辅以集成机器学习方法，对2018年至2025年布达佩斯白纹伊蚊进行了分析。发生模式遵循logistic增长轨迹（R² = 0.995），种群分布从2020年的稀疏集中地增加到2025年的85%以上。季节性活动从4月下旬持续到10月中旬，在9月初达到高峰。集成机器学习模型始终具有较高的预测性能，其关键预测指标包括城市结构、温度、地形和降水相关指数（bio18； Köppen干旱指数），而其他因素的贡献各不相同。城市化土地覆盖（不连续和连续的城市结构、工业区）、特定土壤类型（如流土）和湿润温带气候（Köppen Cfa）的生态关联最强。K-means聚类和决策树分析区分了布达佩斯的7个生态集群，从温暖、密集的城市核心到凉爽、阴凉的城市周边和森林地区。将生态集群与可持续发展目标在概念上联系起来，强调了与健康（可持续发展目标3）、城市可持续性（可持续发展目标11）、水管理（可持续发展目标6）、气候行动（可持续发展目标13）和生物多样性保护（可持续发展目标15）在空间上的异质交叉点。这些发现为预测城市病媒扩展、告知预警系统以及指导欧洲大都市地区的公共卫生干预和病媒控制战略提供了基线。

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引用次数: 0

Characterisation of erythrocyte binding activity of Plasmodium cynomolgi duffy binding protein haplotypes from Macaca fascicularis in Peninsular Malaysia 马来西亚半岛麻花猕猴食蟹疟原虫Duffy结合蛋白单倍型红细胞结合活性的研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107939

Eira Nurfarisha Mohd Latif , Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad Adlan , Yee-Ling Lau , Fei-Wen Cheong

Human infections with the zoonotic Plasmodium cynomolgi are rising across Southeast Asia. This parasite employs two Duffy binding proteins (DBPs), PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II), which interact with the Duffy antigen receptor chemokine (DARC) for erythrocyte invasion. Previous studies on P. cynomolgi DBPs have reported two distinct haplotype groups (groups 1 and 2) in Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, the differential erythrocyte binding activity of PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II) haplotypes was investigated. Four isolates were selected for each DBP: group 1 consisted of a recent field isolate and the old reference isolate Strain B, whereas group 2 included a recent field isolate and the old reference isolate Berok. All isolates were cloned into the pDisplay-AcGFP1 vector and transfected into COS-7 cells. The transfected cells were incubated with human erythrocytes/reticulocytes and macaque erythrocytes at 1 % haematocrit. The binding activity was assessed by counting the number of rosette formations. Result showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in binding between group 1 isolates (recent vs old) for PcDBP1(II) with macaque erythrocytes, while no differences in binding were seen with PcDBP2(II) isolates. Notably, the recent PcDBP1(II) isolate exhibited significantly higher binding activity compared to the old isolate, indicating that the protein may have evolved over time to enhance parasite invasion into macaque erythrocytes. However, both PcDBPs showed no binding with human erythrocytes or reticulocytes. This study provides the first evidence that variations in PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II) alone do not explain the observed differences in binding activity, suggesting that additional parasite–host interactions may be required for human erythrocyte or reticulocyte invasion.

东南亚人畜共患的食蟹疟原虫的人类感染正在上升。这种寄生虫使用两种Duffy结合蛋白PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2(II)，它们与Duffy抗原受体趋化因子（DARC）相互作用以入侵红细胞。先前对cynomolgi P. dbp的研究报道了马来西亚半岛两个不同的单倍型群体（群体1和群体2）。本研究研究了PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2（II）单倍型红细胞结合活性的差异。每个DBP选择4株分离株：第1组由一株最近的野外分离株和旧参考分离株B组成，第2组由一株最近的野外分离株和旧参考分离株Berok组成。将所有分离株克隆到pDisplay-AcGFP1载体上，转染到COS-7细胞中。转染后的细胞与人红细胞/网织红细胞和猕猴红细胞在1%的红细胞压积下孵育。结合活性是通过计算玫瑰结形成的数量来评估的。结果显示1组PcDBP1（II）与猕猴红细胞的结合有显著差异（P < 0.05），而PcDBP2（II）与猕猴红细胞的结合无显著差异。值得注意的是，与旧的分离物相比，最新的PcDBP1（II）分离物表现出明显更高的结合活性，这表明该蛋白可能随着时间的推移而进化，以增强寄生虫对猕猴红细胞的入侵。然而，两种PcDBPs均未与人红细胞或网织红细胞结合。该研究首次证明，单独的PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2（II）的变异并不能解释观察到的结合活性差异，这表明人类红细胞或网织红细胞入侵可能需要额外的寄生虫-宿主相互作用。

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引用次数: 0