Acta veterinaria Hungarica最新文献

While the potential effects of pathogens spread from farmed fish to wild populations have frequently been studied, evidence for the transmission of parasites from wild to farmed fish is scarce. In the present study, we evaluated natural bacterial and parasitic infections in brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) collected from the Černá Opava river (Czech Republic) as a potential source of infections for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in a flow-through farm system fed by the same river. The prevalence of bacterial and protozoan infections in farmed fish was comparable, or higher, than for riverine fish. Despite this, none of the infected farmed fish showed any signs of severe diseases. Substantial differences in metazoan parasite infections were observed between wild and farmed fish regarding monogeneans, adult trematodes, nematodes, the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae found in riverine fish only, and larval eye-fluke trematodes sporadically found in farmed fish. The different distribution of metazoan parasites between brown and rainbow trout most probably reflects the availability of infected intermediate hosts in the two habitats. Despite the river being the main water source for the farm, there was no significant threat of parasite infection to the farmed fish from naturally infected riverine fish.

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic utility of feline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios (LMR) in a variety of underlying diseases. Five-year medical records from cats presenting to the internal medicine unit of a veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Cats were considered for inclusion based on complete medical records. ADVIA 120 was used for the complete blood counts; the NLR and LMR were calculated by dividing the absolute numbers of the respective leucocytes. Two hundred and nineteen sick and 20 healthy cats were included in the study. The median NLR and LMR were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated and decreased, respectively, in cats with infectious, neoplastic and chronic kidney diseases compared to controls. Additionally, cats with neoplasia had significantly higher median NLR compared to cats with urinary tract and gastrointestinal diseases. Non-survivors had significantly higher NLR and lower LMR compared to survivors. Both ratios had suboptimal prognostic performance for the outcome of sick cats (NLR sensitivity: 37.9%, specificity: 86.4%; LMR sensitivity: 69.0%, specificity: 61.0%). Many different disease categories were associated with increased NLR and decreased LMR compared to controls, but the overall prognostic performance of the two leucocyte ratios was suboptimal.

Single and simultaneous toxic effects of glyphosate (Amega Up, 360 g L-1, 4%) and copper sulphate (0.01%) were studied in avian embryos treated either with injection directly into the air chamber or by immersion application for 30 min on day 0 of incubation. Alterations of the chicken embryos were evaluated during necropsy performed on day 19 of incubation, together with mortality, body weight and the type of developmental abnormalities. Based on the results, the injection application appeared to be more toxic than the immersion method, as it induced increased mortality and reduced the average body weight, and resulted in a higher incidence of congenital anomalies. Supposedly, a toxicodynamic interaction occurs between copper sulphate and glyphosate, which may reduce the vitality of embryos and thus decrease the number of offspring in wild birds.

Thoroughbreds have been selected for speed and stamina since the 1700s. This selection resulted in structural and functional system-wide adaptations that enhanced physiological characteristics for outstanding speed of 61-71 kph (38-44 mph) between 1,000 and 3,200 m (5 furlongs - 2 miles). At present, horseracing is still an economically important industrial sector, therefore intensive research is underway to explore genes that allow the utilisation of genetic abilities and are significant in breeding and training. This study aims to provide an overview of genetic research and its applicability related to Thoroughbreds.

Live oribatid mites of the family Malaconothridae were found on Salmo spp. parr caught in the rivers of Northwest Russia. The mites were localised in the gill filaments and enclosed in connective tissue capsules. The encapsulation was accompanied by hyperplasia and displacement of the respiratory epithelium. One mite specimen was an adult female, while all the other specimens were protonymphs. The adult female and one protonymph specimen were identified as Tyrphonothrus sp. Other protonymphs could be identified only at the family level. The obtained partial 18S rDNA sequence of one protonymph was 100% identical to that of Tyrphonothrus maior (NCBI accession No. KY922215). This is the first report of living malaconothrid mites encapsulated in fish gills, and the phenomenon may assume parasitic behaviour. However, the nature of the relationship between the mites and the fish requires further investigations.

Cotyledons (n = 167) from 30 Hungarian and 5 Slovakian dairy cattle herds were analysed for Coxiella burnetii by real-time PCR targeting the IS1111 gene. Eighty (88.9%) out of the 90 cotyledons from retained placentas and 31 (40.3%) out of the 77 cotyledons from normally separated placentas tested positive. Seventeen out of the 80 positive samples (21.3%) originating from retained placentas were found to be highly loaded with C. burnetii with a cycle threshold (Ct) value lower than or equal to 27.08, ranging between 11.92 and 27.08. The rest of the positive samples from retained fetal membranes and from normally separated placentas were moderately loaded with C. burnetii DNA. Five out of the ten samples showing the strongest positivity (Ct 11.92-18.28) from retained placentas were genotyped by multispacer sequence typing based on ten loci, which revealed sequence type (ST) 61, a type that had not been detected in Hungary and Slovakia previously. Retained placenta was more likely in cows with C. burnetii PCR-positive cotyledons (odds ratio: 12.61, P = 0.0023). The high C. burnetii DNA load found in retained fetal membranes may be a potential risk factor for human infection and may also be associated with the retention of fetal membranes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and types of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from Pelophylax sp. Fifty-four frogs were collected from six provinces in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. In the cloacal swab cultures, bacteria from 160 different colonies were identified by biochemical tests, automated systems, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. The observed drug resistance rate was the highest to ampicillin and cefazolin, while the lowest against ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. In the molecular assays, bla TEM (8 Citrobacter spp.), bla SHV (2 Escherichia coli, 1 Hafnia alvei, and a Serratia liquefaciens), tetA genes (E. coli and Klebsiella spp.) and a class 1 integron without any gene cassette (E. coli) were detected. Among the strains, no plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance [qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA and aac (6 ')-Ib-cr] was found. However, two of three quinolone-resistant Klebsiella strains showed the novel amino acid substitution in the gyrA gene resulting in Ser83Asp and Asp87Glu.The clonality between E. coli isolates was also examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We consider that multidrug-resistant Gram-negative enteric bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of a cosmopolitan frog species might be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes.

This study determined the choroidal thickness of senior (SN, n = 24) and middle-aged (MA, n = 17) healthy, mixed-breed mesocephalic dogs, both males (M) and females (F), using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The dogs were divided into two groups for examination: MA dogs (4-7 years old; 6 M, 11 F) and SN dogs (8-13 years old; 12 M, 12 F). Choroidal thickness of the dogs was investigated using SD-OCT radial and linear scans. The software of the device allowed determination of the exact measurement location on the choroid. Measurements of the choroid were taken manually using the SD-OCT calliper function at distances of 5,000-6,000 μm (dorsal and ventral) and 4,000-7,000 μm (nasal and temporal) from the optic disc. Mean (µm ± SD) (MA, SN) dorsal (188 ± 28, 184 ± 33), ventral (116 ± 23, 111 ± 16), temporal (152 ± 31, 151 ± 26), and nasal (135 ± 27, 132 ± 18) choroidal thicknesses demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.02-0.001) between all areas within each group. The choroid was thickest in the dorsal region and thinnest in the ventral region. There were no significant differences based on age. Mean (µm ± SD) (M, F) dorsal (181 ± 32, 190 ± 30), ventral (117 ± 16, 11 ± 21), temporal (150 ± 26, 153 ± 30), and nasal (128 ± 20, 138 ± 23) choroidal thicknesses demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.05) between dorsal and nasal regions. The choroidal thickness in dogs depends on the area assessed independently of their age and sex.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gallic acid (GA) on frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa. Four Honamli goat bucks were used at their breeding season, and ejaculates were collected by an electroejaculator. Mixed semen was divided into the following four groups: control (0 mM), low (L; 1 mM), medium (M; 2 mM), and high (H; 4 mM) concentration of GA. All the groups were frozen and thawed in a water bath for spermatological evaluation. The lowest motility was observed in the control group (47.60 ± 5.70%) (P < 0.05), while the highest viability (62.45 ± 1.68%), plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (44.81 ± 4.57%), and high mitochondrial membrane potential (35.96 ± 2.50%) were observed in the low GA group (P < 0.05). Also, the lowest hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOS +) value was found in the high GA group (47.60 ± 4.82%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing a low concentration (1 mM) of GA to the Tris-based semen extender had a positive effect on spermatological parameters after freeze-thawing of Honamli goat semen. Further studies should be continued in other species with different doses and combinations using commercial and/or homemade semen extenders.

Multidrug resistance due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is a major problem in human as well as in veterinary medicine. These strains appear in animal and human microbiomes and can be the source of infection both in animal and in human healthcare, in accordance with the One Health theorem. In this study we examined the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in food-producing animals. We collected 100 porcine and 114 poultry samples to examine the prevalence of ESBL producers. Isolates were identified using the MALDI-TOF system and their antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method. ESBL gene families and phylogroups were detected by polymerase chain reactions. The prevalence of ESBL producers was relatively high in both sample groups: 72 (72.0%) porcine and 39 (34.2%) poultry isolates were ESBL producers. Escherichia coli isolates were chosen for further investigations. The most common ESBL gene was CTX-M-1 (79.3%). Most of the isolates belong to the commensal E. coli phylogroups. The porcine isolates could be divided into three phylogroups, while the distribution of the poultry isolates was more varied. In summary, ESBL-producing bacteria are prevalent in the faecal samples of the examined food-producing animals, with a dominance of the CTX-M-1 group enzymes and commensal E. coli phylogroups.