Acta veterinaria Hungarica最新文献

When treating bee colonies, it is necessary to ensure that bee products are not negatively affected. Honey is an irreplaceable natural product, the quality of which directly affects the health of the consumer. The aim of this work was to observe the qualitative properties of honey after the application of autochthonous bee probiotic lactic acid bacteria to honey bee colonies. A probiotic preparation containing the autochthonous bee strain Lactobacillus brevis B50 BiocenolTM in a pollen carrier was used. Mixed flower honeys, five samples from untreated bee colonies and five from probiotic-treated ones were examined. A significant difference between control and experimental samples was noted only in the case of electrical conductivity, which was lower in honeys from probiotic-treated colonies (P < 0.05). Based on the parametres monitored here, the application of probiotics did not have a negative effect on the quality of honey.

Paclitaxel (PTX), widely used in chemotherapy, can cause serious side effects such as hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) - a secondary bile acid, a byproduct of intestinal bacteria with potent antioxidant properties - against PTX-induced liver injury. PTX was administered intraperitoneally at 2 mg*kg-1 for 5 days to induce liver damage. Rats in the first treatment group received UDCA orally at 60 mg*kg-1 for fifteen days, while the second group received the same dose for ten days. Serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total protein, and albumin were analysed using an autoanalyzer. Liver tissue was assessed for total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were also conducted. UDCA administration ameliorated PTX-induced changes in bodyweight and liver enzymes. It reduced necrosis, hydropic degeneration and mononuclear cell infiltration in liver tissue. UDCA also significantly decreased TOS and OSI levels, alleviating oxidative stress, and increased TAS. Furthermore, UDCA reduced DNA damage, evidenced by lower 8-OHdG immunoreactivity, and regulated autophagy and apoptosis by reversing elevated LC3B and cleaved caspase-3 levels. These findings suggest that UDCA may offer therapeutic benefits against PTX-induced hepatotoxicity.

Chromatophoromas are neoplasms arising from pigment cells (chromatophores) and commonly manifest as cutaneous lesions. While brown to black melanophoromas are most prevalent in reptiles, sporadic cases of non-pigmented chromatophoromas have been reported. This case study documents the clinical presentation, histopathological features and IHC (IHC) profile of an oral non-pigmented chromatophoroma in a 13-year-old male savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus). Histopathological examination revealed a poorly demarcated tumour located in the mucosa. Non-pigmented neoplastic cells with marked anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and numerous mitotic figures formed solid packets separated by collagenous septa. IHC analysis revealed that tumour cells were positive to melan-A, S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase and cytokeratins AE1/AE3. Based on the histopathological and IHC findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a non-pigmented chromatophoroma. Detailed histopathological and IHC profiling enhances our comprehension of the diversity within chromatophoromas and underscores the diagnostic complexities involved. Immunohistochemistry is a crucial tool for identifying non-pigmented chromatophoromas.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), such as Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia spp., are common in cattle worldwide. Although infected cattle are often asymptomatic, production is negatively affected. The present study investigated whether eggs per gram (EPG) of GINs in 32 lactating cows decreased during winter and increased as it became warmer. Larvae recovered by coprocultures mostly consisted of O. ostertagi in autumn, while three GINs, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus and Meistocirrus, were collected in spring. Daily milk and bulk tank milk samples from cows previously infected with O. ostertagi contained O. ostertagi antibodies based on ELISA developed using SVANOVIER® O. ostertagi-Ab in all survey periods. Even if the faecal diagnosis was negative for GINs, infection was still possible. Therefore, the administration of anthelmintic drugs is recommended.

This study aimed to identify yeast species in healthy Anatolian buffaloes and those with subclinical mastitis on smallholder farms using the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method and assess antifungal resistance. Milk samples from 390 udder lobes of 100 buffaloes were tested and California Mastitis Test (CMT) results showed 265 negative, 102 suspicious and 23 CMT ≥+1 lobes. A total of 76 yeast isolates (19.5%) were obtained through classical culture methods. MALDI-TOF MS identified seven genera, with the most common species being Pichia kudriavzevii (54%), Kluyveromyces marxianus (21%) and Nakaseomyces glabrata (10.5%). Antifungal resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method, showing the highest resistance to caspofungin (69.7%), followed by fluconazole (65.8%) and ketoconazole (31.6%). This study highlights the presence of diverse yeast species in buffalo milk, emphasizing the importance of understanding their role in mastitis and antifungal resistance for animal and public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the identification of different yeast species isolated from Anatolian buffaloes in smallholder dairy farms in Turkey.

In this pilot study, the genetic diversity of protozoan parasites was analysed according to their different transmission routes (life cycle strategies), focusing on those species which were recently discovered or molecularly analysed for the first time in Hungary or its geographical region. The results showed that among four apicomplexan parasites (Babesia gibsoni, Cytauxzoon europaeus, Sarcocystis morae and Hepatozoon felis) the latter had the highest genetic diversity as reflected by its 18S rRNA gene sequences showing high (1.75%) maximum intraspecific pairwise distance, and also, based on its phylogenetic clustering. This is probably related to the long evolutionary history of H. felis, the absence of its intravascular division and other life cycle characteristics precluding direct transmission between hosts. On the other hand, among non-apicomplexan protozoa (Trichomonas gallinae, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Tritrichomonas foetus and Acanthamoeba castellanii), the latter proved to have the highest genetic diversity (7.73%), most likely due to its long evolutionary history, lateral gene transfer, homologous recombination and the absence of direct host-to-host dispersal. Transmission mode had a significant impact on the genetic diversity among protozoan parasites, depending on life cycle strategies and consequent frequency/chance of sexual reproduction vs binary fission. In particular, the absence of direct transmission between hosts is a common trait of H. felis and A. castellanii, contributing to their high genetic diversity.

This study aimed to investigate whether the power Doppler ultrasonography can distinguish between singleton and twin pregnancies on day 50 by determining placentome vascularization in Kıvırcık ewes. A total of 67 ewes were enrolled for the study. Pregnancy was confirmed on day 23 at 51 of 67 sheep that were synchronized. The groups were formed based on the presence of single (Group S; n = 25 ewes) or twin (Group T; n = 26 ewes) foetuses. Placentome diameters on day 50 were not different between the groups (P > 0.05). Placentome blood flow area and the mean, minimum and maximum amount of coloured pixels were unrelated to groups. However, the relationship between the parameters that reflect the placentome vascularity in Group S was statistically detectable. The mean amount of coloured pixels in Group S tended to be moderately correlated with the mean amount of coloured pixels in Group T. There was a positive correlation in the mean, maximum, and area of the coloured pixels in twin pregnancies. In conclusion, power flow Doppler ultrasonography can be used to determine placentome blood perfusion but the number of offspring on day 50 could not be determined by placentome vascularity.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in cattle that poses risks to public health and has economic consequences. The shadow of prion protein encoded by the shadow of prion protein (SPRN) gene affects prion disease progression. A 12-base-pair indel polymorphism in the SPRN gene has been implicated in BSE susceptibility in Polish cattle. Building upon our previous research, we aimed to investigate the SPRN gene polymorphisms in Jeju black cattle - a Korean native breed with distinct genetic features and compared them with those in Hanwoo and Korean Holstein. Our findings reveal that the Jeju black cattle SPRN gene, with only two synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, has lower genetic diversity than that in Hanwoo and Korean Holstein. Moreover, we contrasted the distribution of c.199_210delGCCGCGGCGGGG (67_70delAAAG) polymorphisms in the SPRN gene between BSE-infected Polish cattle and Korean cattle to assess BSE susceptibility. The results suggest that Jeju black and Korean Holstein demonstrate a higher genetic potential for BSE resistance compared to the Hanwoo breed. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first report of the SPRN gene in Jeju black cattle, along with a comparative analysis of SPRN gene polymorphisms across three Korean cattle breeds.

Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) are among the ubiquitous hosts of Giardia duodenalis, as they can harbour at least six assemblages of this species, including the zoonotic assemblages A and B. However, studies targeting a broad spectrum of rodents and rabbits sampled in the same region are scarce, even in Europe. During this study, 164 samples were collected from five rodent species and rabbits in five locations in Hungary, to examine the presence of G. duodenalis with traditional parasitological and molecular methods. Parasitological analysis revealed the presence of cysts in 58.3% of asymptomatic Norway rats and 27.6% of chinchillas. Three degus were also found Giardia-infected (prevalence: 16.7%) using flotation technique. With PCR targeting three genetic markers, 3.2% of the samples showed positivity, whereas a rate of 21.9% prevalence was detected with flotation. The PCR products of five samples could be DNA sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial sequences of the beta-giardin gene revealed the presence of assemblages B and G in rats. In addition, assemblage E was detected in a beaver, while assemblage B was present in a chinchilla. The results show that synanthropic rodent species have different epidemiological roles in the study region, depending on the prevalence of shedding Giardia cysts or harbouring zoonotic variants of G. duodenalis. Moreover, our findings confirm that pet rodents may pose a risk for zoonotic Giardia-transmission.

Light is one of the factors affecting physiological functions in living things. In the present study, reproductive functions of male rats exposed to different wavelengths of light were evaluated. For this purpose, a total of 56 male Sprague Dawley rats were used in 7 groups (n = 8 per group). Rats were exposed to light spectrum with different wavelengths for 63 days. It was observed that malondialdehyde levels were lower in the orange (2.77 ± 0.16 nmol*mL-1), red (4.27 ± 0.17 nmol*mL-1), yellow (5.14 ± 0.15 nmol*mL-1) and green (5.56 ± 0.40 nmol*mL-1) coloured light group compared to the other groups [purple (7.07 ± 0.96 nmol*mL-1), blue (7.52 ± 0.89 nmol*mL-1), white (8.59 ± 1.20 nmol*mL-1)] (P < 0.001). The lowest glutathione levels were observed in purple (86.82 ± 1.63 nmol mL-1), blue (101.25 ± 3.61 nmol*mL-1), yellow (105.44 ± 1.70 nmol*mL-1) and green (108.11 ± 0.51 nmol*mL-1) coloured groups, respectively. The lowest sperm motility percentage was found in blue (29.16 ± 11.40), purple (56.25 ± 3.36), green (62.50 ± 4.91) and white (69.58 ± 5.51) coloured light groups compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). Epididymal sperm density decreased significantly in rats exposed to purple, orange and blue light (P < 0.001). The abnormal sperm ratio was higher in the blue and white light group compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). Histological examinations showed that tubulus seminiferus contortus diameter and germinal cell thickness decreased significantly in the purple light treatment (P < 0.001). As a summary, the application of purple and blue light has negative effects on the reproductive function in rats.