Kinga Fornyos, István Szabó, Károly Lebhardt, Ádám Bálint
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important diseases of swine causing severe economic losses worldwide, therefore intensive efforts are taken to eliminate PRRS virus (PRRSV) from infected herds for complete eradication. The most efficient, fastest but at the same time the most expensive eradication method is depopulation-repopulation. In order to reduce costs, a number of farms prefer to perform their eradication process with continuous production using modified live vaccine (MLV) immunisation. However, the commercial PRRSV RT-PCR kits do not have the capacity to discriminate infected from vaccinated animals. In this paper, we describe a simple discriminatory duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay based on common forward and reverse primers, as well as two differently labelled MLV- and wild-type PRRSV-specific probes. The discriminatory PCR test we designed is a fast and efficacious method for processing large quantities of samples. The assay is cheap, flexible, easy to apply in different herds using different MLVs, but should be checked, and can be modified based on the sequence data obtained during the permanent monitoring examinations. Owing to its simplicity the test can serve as a significant complementary assay for PRRS control and elimination/eradication.
{"title":"Development of a farm-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for the detection and discrimination of wild-type porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus and the vaccine strain in a farm under eradication.","authors":"Kinga Fornyos, István Szabó, Károly Lebhardt, Ádám Bálint","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00020","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important diseases of swine causing severe economic losses worldwide, therefore intensive efforts are taken to eliminate PRRS virus (PRRSV) from infected herds for complete eradication. The most efficient, fastest but at the same time the most expensive eradication method is depopulation-repopulation. In order to reduce costs, a number of farms prefer to perform their eradication process with continuous production using modified live vaccine (MLV) immunisation. However, the commercial PRRSV RT-PCR kits do not have the capacity to discriminate infected from vaccinated animals. In this paper, we describe a simple discriminatory duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay based on common forward and reverse primers, as well as two differently labelled MLV- and wild-type PRRSV-specific probes. The discriminatory PCR test we designed is a fast and efficacious method for processing large quantities of samples. The assay is cheap, flexible, easy to apply in different herds using different MLVs, but should be checked, and can be modified based on the sequence data obtained during the permanent monitoring examinations. Owing to its simplicity the test can serve as a significant complementary assay for PRRS control and elimination/eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40345000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Róbert Kocsis, Judit Süle, Péter Nagy, Judit Gál, Emília Tardy, Gábor Császár, Bence Rácz
We analysed and monitored the major chemical composition of cow's bulk milk by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy over a 10-year period in the whole territory of Hungary. In addition, the two most important key parameters for milk quality assessment, total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) were also followed. Production parameters showed significant seasonal and yearly changes. The overall mean fat, protein, lactose and solids-non-fat (SNF) contents of cow's milk were 3.81%, 3.32%, 4.74% and 8.76%, respectively. A circannual variation was observed in the chemical composition and yield of milk components of samples examined between 2011 and 2020. Concerning milk fat, milk protein and SNF, the values were the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. In the case of lactose, the minimum values were measured in autumn and the maximum values in spring. An obvious trend of long-term elevation of lactose and SNF was found in the raw cow milk samples over the observed period. The overall mean TBC and SCC of cow's milk were 52 × 103 CFU ml-1 and 270 × 103 cells/ml, respectively. Although there were differences in the monthly average values, no seasonal cyclicality was observed.
{"title":"Annual and seasonal trends in cow's milk quality determined by FT-MIR spectroscopy in Hungary between 2011 and 2020.","authors":"Róbert Kocsis, Judit Süle, Péter Nagy, Judit Gál, Emília Tardy, Gábor Császár, Bence Rácz","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00019","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analysed and monitored the major chemical composition of cow's bulk milk by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy over a 10-year period in the whole territory of Hungary. In addition, the two most important key parameters for milk quality assessment, total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) were also followed. Production parameters showed significant seasonal and yearly changes. The overall mean fat, protein, lactose and solids-non-fat (SNF) contents of cow's milk were 3.81%, 3.32%, 4.74% and 8.76%, respectively. A circannual variation was observed in the chemical composition and yield of milk components of samples examined between 2011 and 2020. Concerning milk fat, milk protein and SNF, the values were the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. In the case of lactose, the minimum values were measured in autumn and the maximum values in spring. An obvious trend of long-term elevation of lactose and SNF was found in the raw cow milk samples over the observed period. The overall mean TBC and SCC of cow's milk were 52 × 103 CFU ml-1 and 270 × 103 cells/ml, respectively. Although there were differences in the monthly average values, no seasonal cyclicality was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33445499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorottya Zólyomi, Tamás Ipolyi, Péter Molnár, Tibor Németh, Dénes Faragó, Rita Kiss, Ferenc Szalay
The objective of the present pilot study was to determine the force required to break (a) intact canine tibiae, (b) tibiae following the osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity and (c) tibiae following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement- (TTA-) rapid surgery. Six pairs of tibiae of dogs between 15 and 35 kg body weight were used in a cadaver study. Three groups were created with four tibiae in each group; intact (Group 1), osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity and tibial crest (Group 2) and TTA-rapid (Group 3). The tibiae were put under static axial compressive load, applied until failure. The force required to break the tibiae was termed maximal force (F max). The mean of F max was 8193.25 ± 2082.84 N in Group 1, 6868.58 ± 1950.44 N in Group 2 and 7169.71 ± 4450.39 N in Group 3. The sample size was small for a statistical analysis but as a preliminary result, we have determined the force (F max) required to break canine tibiae. Furthermore, we hypothesise that osteotomies result in weakening of the tibial structure.
{"title":"Biomechanical testing of canine tibiae: Changes resulting from different tibial tuberosity advancement techniques - Pilot study.","authors":"Dorottya Zólyomi, Tamás Ipolyi, Péter Molnár, Tibor Németh, Dénes Faragó, Rita Kiss, Ferenc Szalay","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00023","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the present pilot study was to determine the force required to break (a) intact canine tibiae, (b) tibiae following the osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity and (c) tibiae following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement- (TTA-) rapid surgery. Six pairs of tibiae of dogs between 15 and 35 kg body weight were used in a cadaver study. Three groups were created with four tibiae in each group; intact (Group 1), osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity and tibial crest (Group 2) and TTA-rapid (Group 3). The tibiae were put under static axial compressive load, applied until failure. The force required to break the tibiae was termed maximal force (F max). The mean of F max was 8193.25 ± 2082.84 N in Group 1, 6868.58 ± 1950.44 N in Group 2 and 7169.71 ± 4450.39 N in Group 3. The sample size was small for a statistical analysis but as a preliminary result, we have determined the force (F max) required to break canine tibiae. Furthermore, we hypothesise that osteotomies result in weakening of the tibial structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33445500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present case report describes the clinical signs of a 10-month-old, intact female, Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a history of chronic progressive difficulty to walk with the four limbs. The physical and neurological examinations revealed skeletal deformities, corneal opacity and a severe spastic non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Complete blood count and biochemistry profiles were unremarkable. Diffuse bone rarefaction, hyperostosis and an apparent fusion of the vertebral bodies were observed on spinal radiographs. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) exam of the whole body of the patient was performed. Based on the medical history, clinical findings, laboratory analysis, spinal radiographs and CT findings, a lysosomal storage disorder was suspected. Genetic testing for mucopolysaccharidosis VI and VII revealed a genetic mutation, ARSB variant L476P, confirming the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.
本病例报告描述了一只 10 个月大的完好无损的雌性短毛猫的临床症状,这只猫曾有慢性进行性四肢行走困难的病史。体格和神经系统检查显示该猫骨骼畸形、角膜混浊和严重的痉挛性四肢瘫痪。全血细胞计数和生化检查结果无异常。脊柱X光片显示弥漫性骨质稀疏、骨质增生和椎体明显融合。对患者进行了全身非对比计算机断层扫描(CT)检查。根据病史、临床表现、实验室分析、脊柱X光片和CT结果,怀疑患者患有溶酶体贮积症。粘多糖病 VI 型和 VII 型基因检测发现了一个基因突变,即 ARSB 变异 L476P,从而确诊为粘多糖病 VI 型。
{"title":"Mucopolysaccharidosis VI in a European Shorthair cat: Neurological presentation, computed tomography findings and genetic investigation.","authors":"Beatrice Bravaccini, Valentina Buffagni, Linda Negro, Giovanna Bertolini, Evelina Burbaite, Marika Menchetti","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00024","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present case report describes the clinical signs of a 10-month-old, intact female, Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a history of chronic progressive difficulty to walk with the four limbs. The physical and neurological examinations revealed skeletal deformities, corneal opacity and a severe spastic non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Complete blood count and biochemistry profiles were unremarkable. Diffuse bone rarefaction, hyperostosis and an apparent fusion of the vertebral bodies were observed on spinal radiographs. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) exam of the whole body of the patient was performed. Based on the medical history, clinical findings, laboratory analysis, spinal radiographs and CT findings, a lysosomal storage disorder was suspected. Genetic testing for mucopolysaccharidosis VI and VII revealed a genetic mutation, ARSB variant L476P, confirming the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33445565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sándor Hornok, Sándor A Boldogh, Nóra Takács, Attila D Sándor, Barbara Tuska-Szalay
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans, dogs, cats, horses and tick-borne fever in ruminants. In Europe, its main vector is the tick species Ixodes ricinus. In this study, spleen and liver samples, as well as ticks from 18 wild-living mammals (belonging to seven species) were analysed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum with molecular methods. The zoonotic ecotype-I of A. phagocytophilum was identified in a European wildcat (Felis silvestris) and its tick, a European pine marten (Martes martes) and a Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). All PCR-positive samples were collected in 2019 and originated in the same geographic area. These results indicate that taxonomically diverse mammalian species can maintain the local enzootic cycle of the same genotype of A. phagocytophilum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the zoonotic variant of A. phagocytophilum in the wildcat and in the European pine marten in a broad geographical context, as well as in the red squirrel in Hungary. Since all these host species are well known for their urban and peri-urban presence, the results of this study verify their role in the synanthropic enzootic cycle of granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever.
{"title":"Zoonotic ecotype-I of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sympatric wildcat, pine marten and red squirrel - Short communication.","authors":"Sándor Hornok, Sándor A Boldogh, Nóra Takács, Attila D Sándor, Barbara Tuska-Szalay","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00021","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans, dogs, cats, horses and tick-borne fever in ruminants. In Europe, its main vector is the tick species Ixodes ricinus. In this study, spleen and liver samples, as well as ticks from 18 wild-living mammals (belonging to seven species) were analysed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum with molecular methods. The zoonotic ecotype-I of A. phagocytophilum was identified in a European wildcat (Felis silvestris) and its tick, a European pine marten (Martes martes) and a Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). All PCR-positive samples were collected in 2019 and originated in the same geographic area. These results indicate that taxonomically diverse mammalian species can maintain the local enzootic cycle of the same genotype of A. phagocytophilum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the zoonotic variant of A. phagocytophilum in the wildcat and in the European pine marten in a broad geographical context, as well as in the red squirrel in Hungary. Since all these host species are well known for their urban and peri-urban presence, the results of this study verify their role in the synanthropic enzootic cycle of granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33440154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent literature data indicate that canine and feline neonates are not born in a sterile environment as it was stated previously. The acquisition, colonisation and maintenance of the early life microbiota of healthy fetuses is a rapidly developing research area. In humans, the natural healthy infant microbiome plays an essential role in health and its assembly is determined by the maternal-offspring exchanges of microbes. Even though this topic is becoming more and more important in dogs and cats, the exact role of the neonatal microbiome is not yet fully known in animals. This review summarises the current knowledge of the normal physiological neonatal microbiome in healthy puppies and kittens.
{"title":"The fascinating microbes and their impact on neonatal dogs and cats - A review.","authors":"Maja Zakošek Pipan, Ožbalt Podpečan, Janko Mrkun","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00022","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent literature data indicate that canine and feline neonates are not born in a sterile environment as it was stated previously. The acquisition, colonisation and maintenance of the early life microbiota of healthy fetuses is a rapidly developing research area. In humans, the natural healthy infant microbiome plays an essential role in health and its assembly is determined by the maternal-offspring exchanges of microbes. Even though this topic is becoming more and more important in dogs and cats, the exact role of the neonatal microbiome is not yet fully known in animals. This review summarises the current knowledge of the normal physiological neonatal microbiome in healthy puppies and kittens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40618213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orf is a disease of small ruminant animals, including goats and sheep, that is caused by a parapoxvirus. Although the mortality rate is low, economic losses may occur due to the clinical signs. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection is known to cause respiratory and reproductive disorders mainly in cattle; however, it has been found to circulate among goats and sheep as well. In contrast to orf virus (ORFV), BoHV-1 does not induce clinical disease in goats. In this study, we aimed to detect the presence of ORFV by molecular methods and to uncover eventual simultaneous herpesvirus infections masked by orf disease signs. To this end, 82 goats, housed near to a cattle herd, were tested. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), three goats (3.7%) were found to harbour both viruses, while an additional goat was positive for ORFV only. The PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. This study revealed that ORFV and BoHV-1 may be present simultaneously in an animal causing a concurrent infection. These data should be taken into consideration when looking for secondary pathogens in diseased goats, and the prevention methods should be developed accordingly.
{"title":"Molecular evidence for concurrent infection of goats by orf virus and bovine herpesvirus 1.","authors":"B Taylan Koç","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00014","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orf is a disease of small ruminant animals, including goats and sheep, that is caused by a parapoxvirus. Although the mortality rate is low, economic losses may occur due to the clinical signs. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection is known to cause respiratory and reproductive disorders mainly in cattle; however, it has been found to circulate among goats and sheep as well. In contrast to orf virus (ORFV), BoHV-1 does not induce clinical disease in goats. In this study, we aimed to detect the presence of ORFV by molecular methods and to uncover eventual simultaneous herpesvirus infections masked by orf disease signs. To this end, 82 goats, housed near to a cattle herd, were tested. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), three goats (3.7%) were found to harbour both viruses, while an additional goat was positive for ORFV only. The PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. This study revealed that ORFV and BoHV-1 may be present simultaneously in an animal causing a concurrent infection. These data should be taken into consideration when looking for secondary pathogens in diseased goats, and the prevention methods should be developed accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40661142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emotional stress experienced by pet caregivers, induced by negative diagnoses, clinical problems, and/or long-term therapies should be taken into serious consideration by the veterinarians to prevent these individuals from the risk of experiencing incapability of dealing with the great burden and the eventual reduction of compliance. Understanding the client's affective state may enhance the veterinarian's empathic response and effective communication. To understand better the unmet needs of clients, we collected data on service requests at the clinic and emotions that caregivers felt in the veterinarian setting. Understanding these difficulties may represent a first step to initiate the development of a psychological intervention targeting problems experienced by the caregivers. Assuming these difficulties according to the service requested for the pet, the owners might be interested in psychological support provided directly by the veterinary hospital. Our survey showed that a large percentage of owners expressed feelings related to caregiving in the veterinary setting, irrespective of the type of assistance needed, including apparently easy procedures. At the same time, they expressed a strong intention to receive a professional support. However, the crucial role of the psychological support is still difficult to accept even when it can be perceived as a right choice.
{"title":"Pet owners' feedback on psychological support service in an Italian veterinary hospital.","authors":"Michela Campigli, Giulia Strizzolo, Tommaso Furlanello, Stefania Uccheddu","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00011","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emotional stress experienced by pet caregivers, induced by negative diagnoses, clinical problems, and/or long-term therapies should be taken into serious consideration by the veterinarians to prevent these individuals from the risk of experiencing incapability of dealing with the great burden and the eventual reduction of compliance. Understanding the client's affective state may enhance the veterinarian's empathic response and effective communication. To understand better the unmet needs of clients, we collected data on service requests at the clinic and emotions that caregivers felt in the veterinarian setting. Understanding these difficulties may represent a first step to initiate the development of a psychological intervention targeting problems experienced by the caregivers. Assuming these difficulties according to the service requested for the pet, the owners might be interested in psychological support provided directly by the veterinary hospital. Our survey showed that a large percentage of owners expressed feelings related to caregiving in the veterinary setting, irrespective of the type of assistance needed, including apparently easy procedures. At the same time, they expressed a strong intention to receive a professional support. However, the crucial role of the psychological support is still difficult to accept even when it can be perceived as a right choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Reif, René Renzhammer, René Brunthaler, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Angelika Auer, Heinrich Kreutzmann, Robert Fux, Andrea Ladinig, Christine Unterweger
Infections of pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can lead to various clinical conditions including reproductive disorders (PCV2-RD). In general, a transplacental infection of fetuses leads to mummification and stillbirth. So far, PCV2-RD has mainly been described in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) herds or farms with a high proportion of gilts. From December 2018 to February 2019, a high abundance of mummified fetuses (15.5%) was observed in two farrowing groups in an Austrian piglet-producing farm. PCV2 DNA was detected using qPCR in organs of all six investigated fetuses (2.07 × 108-1.09 × 1012 PCV2) genome equivalents/g tissue and via in situ hybridisation in organs from five fetuses, while histologic lesions were not observed in a single fetal heart. All isolates were sequenced and identified as PCV2d. After the implementation of a regular vaccination of all sows against PCV2, the abundance of mummified fetuses dropped to 3.5% in May 2019. In contrast to previous reports about PCV2-RD, this farm was neither an SPF herd nor a start-up herd with a high proportion of gilts. The implementation of regular PCV2 vaccination helped to reduce the abundance of mummified fetuses substantially.
{"title":"Reproductive failure in an Austrian piglet-producing farm due to porcine circovirus genotype 2d.","authors":"Johannes Reif, René Renzhammer, René Brunthaler, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Angelika Auer, Heinrich Kreutzmann, Robert Fux, Andrea Ladinig, Christine Unterweger","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00010","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections of pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can lead to various clinical conditions including reproductive disorders (PCV2-RD). In general, a transplacental infection of fetuses leads to mummification and stillbirth. So far, PCV2-RD has mainly been described in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) herds or farms with a high proportion of gilts. From December 2018 to February 2019, a high abundance of mummified fetuses (15.5%) was observed in two farrowing groups in an Austrian piglet-producing farm. PCV2 DNA was detected using qPCR in organs of all six investigated fetuses (2.07 × 108-1.09 × 1012 PCV2) genome equivalents/g tissue and via in situ hybridisation in organs from five fetuses, while histologic lesions were not observed in a single fetal heart. All isolates were sequenced and identified as PCV2d. After the implementation of a regular vaccination of all sows against PCV2, the abundance of mummified fetuses dropped to 3.5% in May 2019. In contrast to previous reports about PCV2-RD, this farm was neither an SPF herd nor a start-up herd with a high proportion of gilts. The implementation of regular PCV2 vaccination helped to reduce the abundance of mummified fetuses substantially.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aino virus infection is responsible for epizootic and/or sporadic outbreaks of abortions, stillbirths and premature delivery among pregnant ruminants. The epizootiology of Aino virus infection is poorly defined in South Korea, therefore our aim was to assess its seroprevalence among sheep and goats. We also wanted to evaluate management and regional risk factors that might influence the frequency of infection. Between 2012 and 2013, 26 of 331 flocks (7.9%) and 139 of 915 heads (15.2%) were found serologically positive. In 2018, when samples were again collected in the same regions, 35 of 308 flocks (11.4%) and 89 of 735 heads (12.1%) showed serum-neutralising antibodies against Aino virus. Our results revealed that the age class and history of reproductive problems in the flocks are connected to an increased risk of being positive. The management risk factor attributes showed that preventive measures, such as the routine application of insecticide in farms, decreased the odds for seropositivity to Aino virus (OR = 0.453, P = 0.001). We observed a significant difference in the individual likelihood of being positive in the southern and western provinces with respect to that in the northern and eastern provinces, respectively (OR = 2.199, P < 0.001 and OR = 2.177, P < 0.001). The results of this study may serve as a basis for future epizootic studies on Aino virus infection in South Korea.
{"title":"Factors associated with seropositivity to Aino virus among sheep and goats in South Korea.","authors":"Jeong-Min Hwang, Yun Ji Ga, Jung-Yong Yeh","doi":"10.1556/004.2022.00015","DOIUrl":"10.1556/004.2022.00015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aino virus infection is responsible for epizootic and/or sporadic outbreaks of abortions, stillbirths and premature delivery among pregnant ruminants. The epizootiology of Aino virus infection is poorly defined in South Korea, therefore our aim was to assess its seroprevalence among sheep and goats. We also wanted to evaluate management and regional risk factors that might influence the frequency of infection. Between 2012 and 2013, 26 of 331 flocks (7.9%) and 139 of 915 heads (15.2%) were found serologically positive. In 2018, when samples were again collected in the same regions, 35 of 308 flocks (11.4%) and 89 of 735 heads (12.1%) showed serum-neutralising antibodies against Aino virus. Our results revealed that the age class and history of reproductive problems in the flocks are connected to an increased risk of being positive. The management risk factor attributes showed that preventive measures, such as the routine application of insecticide in farms, decreased the odds for seropositivity to Aino virus (OR = 0.453, P = 0.001). We observed a significant difference in the individual likelihood of being positive in the southern and western provinces with respect to that in the northern and eastern provinces, respectively (OR = 2.199, P < 0.001 and OR = 2.177, P < 0.001). The results of this study may serve as a basis for future epizootic studies on Aino virus infection in South Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":7247,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Hungarica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40635468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}